•Khoa hoc Gido due cull BOI DUONG H O C S I N H K H f l G I O I M O N T I N G VICT TH€0 HUONG DflV HOC T U CHON • PGS.TS NGUYEN TH| HANH Trung tarn nghien cuu Giao due phd thdng Vi can boi dudng hoc sinh (HS) kha gidi mon Tieng Viet theo hudng day hoc tuchon? Sau nam thuc hien chuong trinh va sach giao khoa tieu hoc mdi, chat Iddng giao due cap hoc da cd nhdng chuyen bien ro net Ben canh nhdng chuyen bien tich cue ve chat Iddng giao due, sau mot sd nam thdc hien, chddng trinh tieu hoc mdi da bpc Ip mpt vai ton tai Mpt so nhdng ton tai dd la tinh linh hoat cua chdong trinh chda cao ChdOng trinh mdi chi de xuat mpt phddng an thdc hien chung cho mpi ddi tddng HS ma chda cd cac phddng an thdc hien cho nhieu ddi tddng HS khac ve nhip dp phat trien, sd trddng Viec thdc hien ddng loat mpt phddng an cua chddng trinh cho tat ca HS da dan den tinh trang: mpt so khdng nhd HS cd nhip dp phat trien va sd trddng ndi trpi hon nhdng HS cd nhip dp phat trien binh thddng da dat dddc yeu cau cua chddng trinh mpt each de dang song khong ddpc tiep tuc hpc de phat trien hdn nda theo kha nang cua cac em Do dd, can phai cd giai phap thich hdp nham hd trp nhdng HS cd nhip phat trien va sd trddng ndi trpi dddc phat trien theo kha nang Bdi dddng HS kha gidi mdn Tieng Viet theo hddng td chpn la mpt giai phap nham giai quyet tinh trang Boi dddng HS kha gidi mon Tieng Viet theo hddng day hoc td chon dUa tren nhung cd sd khoa hoc nao? Cd sd li luan cua giai phap la li thuyet day hpc phan hda (phan hda theo trinh dp HS), li thuyet ve day hpc tich cue hda ngudi hpc (hddng vao hinh va phat trien nang Idc hanh dong cua HS) Cd nhieu each lam de thdc hien day hpc phan hda: td chdc day hpc theo tUng nhdm HS cd sd tddng ddng ve nhip dp phat then ca nhan, td chdc hpc ngoai khoa theo sd trddng va kha nang cua HS, td chdc day hoc tu chon Day hpc tu chpn la mpt nhung each thdc thuc hien day hpc phan hda Vdi each KHGD sd 55, thdng - 2010 nay, HS dupe hpc tap theo nhip dp phat then va sd thich cua ca nhan mpt each chu dpng, hdng thu, khdng bi ap dSt, viec hpc dddc tien hanh cd ke hoach va dddc dinh hddng, giam sat danh gia mpt each khoa hpc Cd sd thdc tien cua giai phap la kinh nghiem giao due tieu hpc (trong dd cd van de thdc hien phan hda giao due d tieu hpc) cua mpt so nddc tien tien tren the gidi (Anh, Uc, Trung Qudc, Singapore ); la kinh nghiem bdi dddng HS gidi d cap tieu hpc cua nddc ta khoang hai thap ki gan day Cu the la : - Chddng trinh tieng Anh (chddng trinh khung) ap dung cho trddng phd thong toan nddc Anh hien nay, ben canh phan chdong trinh chuan cd phan npi dung hpc tap md rpng O phan md rpng, chddng trinh tap trung vao cac npi dung dpc rpng mpt so van ban (van ban khdng phai van hpc va van ban van hpc) d dang bai in va dang bai soan tren may vi tinh, soan cho chddng trinh truyen hinh hoac dang thd dien td, tap trung vao cac hoat dpng cd tac dung phat then mpt each tdng hpp nhieu ki nang giao tiep cho HS - Chddng trinh mdn tieng Anh danh cho nhdng HS dung tieng Anh la ban ngd d Uc cung cd phan md rpng so vdi chuan cua chddng trinh Phan md rpng khong tach mpt phan rieng d tdng Idp ma dat d tdng mach npi dung cua chddng trinh Trong phan chddng trinh md rpng, mach dpc ddpc md rpng them npi dung nhin va xem (viewing) de day each dpc cac ban tin va cac van ban cd hinh tren cac phddng tien truyen thong nhd chddng trinh phat tren ti vi, cac trang tin phat tren internet ma ngddi hpc cd dddc nhd vao may vi tinh; mach viet ddpc md rpng them npi dung thu thap va phan tich dd lieu de lam td lieu cho bai viet va soan thao van ban (bao gdm ca chd va hinh) bang may vi tinh; phan md rpng cd them nhdng hoat dpng phan hdi ve nhdng dieu da doc 23 Khoa hoc Gido duebang nhCrng bai trinh bay mieng va bang nhCrng bai viet tu" chpn (co the la bai viet cua ca nhan, co the la bai viet mpt nhom HS cung soan thao) - Trung Quoc, day hpc td chpn ddpc thdc hien dudi hinh thdc ngoai khoa danh cho sd dong HS va HS td nguyen tham gia O cap tieu hpc, hoat dong ngoai khoa mon Ngd van bao gdm: hoat dpng dpc ngoai gid, hoat dpng cua td nhdm yeu thich cac hoat dpng ngoai khoa mdn Ngd van Trong hoat dpng Opc ngoai gid len Idp, GV hddng din HS van dung kT nang dpc hieu gid hpc Ngd van chfnh khoa de dpc ngoai khoa vdi cac hinh thdc hoat dpng dpc da dang nhd: dpc va trao ddi nhdm ve nhdng dieu tdng ca nhan tarn dac qua dpc tai lieu, viet ve nhdng dieu da dpc vdi nhdng muc dich khac (torn tat tai lieu de gidi thieu tai lieu, viet ve mpt vai dieu minh thich tai lieu dddi dang mpt bai bao de gdi len bao tddng ) Nhdng HS yeu thich mdn Ngd van ddpc tham quan, phdng van, td viet bao cao ve mpt sd viec hdng thu, td td chdc cac hpi nhd hpi ke chuyen, hpi dpc sach, hpi dien giang (hung bien), tham gia cac ki thi ve tieng phd thdng, thi tap lam van - O Singapore, hoat dpng day hpc td chpn mon Tieng Anh (ngon ngd qudc gia) ddpc thiet ke chddng trinh day hoc bang phan md rpng moi mach kien thdc va kT nang Kien thdc, kT nang cua mon Tieng Anh la : nghe, ndi, dpc, nhin va xem, viet, trinh bay (bang ndi va viet), mpt so kien thdc ve td va ngd phap Trong mach ndi tren thi mach dpc, viet, nghe, ndi, kien thdc ve td va ngd phap la mach cd ban, cd tinh chat la npi dung hpc tap tdi thieu Hai mach nhin va xem, trinh bay (ndi va viet) la nhdng mach npi dung md rpng cd tinh chat la mach tich hpp nhdng kTnang va kien thdc da hpc mach cO ban Nhdng HS hoan nhiem vu d mach npi dung cd ban thi ddpc tiep tuc hpc mach npi dung md rpng vdi cac tai lieu day hpc da dang (bao gdm ca tai lieu in chd va cac tai lieu cd chd va hinh tren tivi, tren may vi tinh), vdi cac hoat dpng hpc tap da dang nhd dpc md rpng: viet ve nhdng dieu dpc ddpc, nhdng dieu da lam: thao luan nhdm ve mpt so chu de; cung soan thao van ban phuc vu cho viec trinh bay ndi hoac trinh bay bang bai viet cac tap san hoac bao tddng 24 Ngh en - Viet Nam, thdi gian thdc hien chddng trinh Cai each giao due (1981-2001), cac trddng tieu hpc da thdc hien hai hinh thdc day hpc cd yeu td td chpn: day hpc ngoai khoa khong bat bupc mdn Tieng Viet va day hpc bdi dddng HS gidi mdn Tieng Viet Day hpc ngoai khoa mdn Tieng Viet dddc thdc hien dddi cac hinh thdc: hpc lam bao tddng, thi ke chuyen, thi viet chd dep O cac hinh thdc nay, HS ddpc hpc tap theo tinh than td nguyen tham gia cac hoat dpng, hpc tap theo each td hpc cd hddng dan cua GV Viec day hpc bdi dddng HS gidi mon Tieng Viet cd muc dich chu yeu la bdi dddng kien thdc va kT nang cho dpi ngu HS gidi de cac em dat tich cao cac ki thi HS gidi (cap trddng, cap huyen/th|, cap tinh/thanh phd, cap qudc gia) Tuy nhien, HS tham gia hpc tap d hinh thdc khong phai hoan toan td nguyen va td chpn Hon nda, npi dung hpc tap dddc quy d|nh bdi cd quan quan li giao due cap huyen, cap tinh, cap qudc gia, dd khong cho phep HS dddc chpn Ida theo sd thich va sd trddng cua mdi em Hinh thdc day hpc chu yeu la nghe GV giang, lam cac bai tap viet de chuan bi cho cac bai thi viet Ben canh mat tich cdc cUa viec hpc bdi dddng HS gidi, mpt so trddng, dia phddng thich tich ve ti le HS gidi da qua tap trung vao viec chi bdi dddng phan chuyen sau cua mon hpc ma xao nhang day cac mdn hpc khac, viec dan den tinh trang HS gidi hpc lech Td nam 2001, Bp Giao due va Dao tao da ban hanh chddng trinh tieu hpc thdng nhat ca nddc va den nam 2006, chddng trinh ddpc hoan thien theo hddng lien thdng vdi chddng trinh cap trung hpc cd sd, cap trung hpc phd thdng Chddng trinh dddc chinh thdc thdc hien cac trddng tieu hpc td nam hpc 2002-2003 Day la chddng trinh chuan, phan npi dung day hpc td chpn cua tdng ITnh vdc, tdng mon hpc chda ban hanh, dd viec day hpc td chpn cac mdn hpc da va dang ddpc thdc hien chda cd tinh thdng nhat cao Cach td chdc thdc hien boi dddng HS kha gidi mon Tieng Viet theo hddng day hpc td chpn a Can lam ro muc tieu day hpc tdchpn mon Tieng Viet - Cd cac kT nang sd dung tieng Viet (doc, viet, nghe, ndi) vdng chac de hpc tap co hieu KHGD so 55, thdng - 2010 curu ——————————————————— Khoa hoc Gido qua cao va giao tiep td tin, linh hoat cac gidi mdn Tieng Viet bing hinh thdc day hpc td chpn la : tiet/tuan x 35 tuan = 70 tiet moi truong hoat ddng cua Ida tudi Ddi vdi HS Idp 4, Idp 5, neu trddng hpc cd - Cd nhdng kien thdc co ban ve tieng Viet va thu xep ddpc quy thdi gian thi thdi lupng cd nhdng hieu biet ve xa hpi, td nhien, ngudi, ve van hda, van hpc cua Viet Nam va nude the cao hdn, dao dpng khoang tu70 tiet den 100 tiet ngoai d Phuong phap va hinh thdc td chUc day - Co tinh yeu tieng Viet, hUng thu hpc tieng Viet de md rpng hieu biet va trau ddi kT nang giao hpc can dupe quan triet theo dinh hudng sau : - Thiet ke cac npi dung hpc tap phu hdp vdi tiep de budc dau hinh nhan each ngudi Viet Nam xa hpi chu nghTa nang dpng, td kinh nghiem, sd thich, dieu kien cua ca nhan HS: cac gid hpc td chpn, HS dddc khuyen lap, cd sd trddng, cd kha nang td hpc b Muc tieu ndi tren can dupe cu the hda khich hpc tap bang each td chon tai lieu dpc, tu nhdng npi dung day hpc mon tieng Viet d chpn de tai cho bai viet; tu trao ddi vdi ve ba Idp cudi cap (Idp 3, Idp 4, Idp 5) theo nhdng npi dung bai dpc, bai viet; tu sda chua, dieu chinh bai viet hoac y kien cua minh ndi ve nguyen tic sau: - Npi dung day hpc tu chpn co cau true nhdng dieu da nghe va dpc dupe - To chUc day hpc bing cac phuong phap thdng nhat vdi phan npi dung chuong trinh chuan mdn Tieng Viet d cac Idp 3, 4, theo day hpc mdi: HS hpc cac hoat dpng ca hudng md rpng va khic sau Sd thdng nhat dupe nhan, hoat dpng nhdm nhd, cd mpt khoang rong the hien cu the: Cac mach npi dung cua chddng de hoat dpng sang tao theo kha nang cua minh, trinh gdm kien thdc tieng Viet va van hpc, cac kT td dd tao nhdng bai noi, bai viet, y kien phan hdi bai dpc, bai nghe mpt each dpc lap, sang nang dpc, viet, nghe, ndi tao, chda ddng niem say me hdng thu cua tdng - Nhdng kT nang dpc, viet, nghe, ndi tieng em Hpc cau lac bp, cac cupc thi, cac Viet ddpc tang cddng mpt each cd tarn tro chdi cung la nhdng hinh thdc tot de day hpc Mpt so kT nang tarn lai ddpc md rpng, nang tu chpn mon Tieng Viet cao theo hddng sau hdn nhim giup HS cd kha e Tai lieu va thiet bi day hpc can dupe nang sd dung tieng Viet mpt each td tin va linh chuan bi theo hudng sau : hoat nhdng hoan canh md rpng Tai lieu can ddpc bien soan thdng nhat ve - Nhdng kien thdc ve ngon ngd ndi chung va mat cau true (theo muc tieu noi dung va cac chu tieng Viet ndi rieng chi ddpc bd sung vdi so de hpc tap, hddng dan phddng phap day hpc), Iddng han che nham phuc vu cho viec tang da dang ve npi dung tdng bai hpc gida cac dia cddng cac kT nang ndi tren phddng nhim lam cho viec hpc td chpn phu hpp Dddi day la cac chu de hpc tap Idn (chung vdi kinh nghiem va dac diem vung mien cua HS cho ca Idp): Khuyen khich soan nhieu dang tai lieu: tai lieu in, - Phat then hieu biet ve tieng Viet va van bang dia ghi tieng, ghi hinh, phan mem day hpc; hoc, - Dpc rpng; - Can td chdc thd vien nhd (hoac tu sach - Viet sang tao; dung chung) cho HS cd nguon tai lieu de dpc va - Phat then nghe va ndi; tham khao Nen cd may vi tinh, ti vi, dau video - Thdc hanh giao tiep tieng Viet qua hoat de HS va soan van ban bing may vi tinh, xem dpng theo chu diem cac chddng trinh truyen hinh tren dTa ghi hinh moi chu de npi dung hpc tap, se phat then g Viec danh gia ket qua hpc tap can ddpc tang dan ve dp khd, dung Iddng qua tdng Idp, thdc hien theo hddng sau : ddng thdi npi dung cac chu de cd lien thong d - Muc dich danh gia day hpc td chpn mdc cao cho viec hpc chu de tao dieu la khuyen khich HS tiep tuc hoc co hdng thu, kien cho HS hpc tot nhdng chu de khac cung cap thong tin phan hdi cho GV de dieu c Ke hoach day hpc can ddpc xac dinh linh chinh viec day cua GV, dieu chinh tai lieu day hoat tren mot khung co ban nhd sau : (Xem tiep trang 51) Thdi Idpng tdi thieu cho bdi dddng HS kha KHGD so 55, thdng - 2010 25 thi sinh cung cap them ket qua cua mpt ki thi chuan hoa dupe td chdc nhieu lan nam de tao dieu kien cho thi sinh theo hpc bat cd nao du dieu kien Do dieu kien dau vao kha md nen viec quan li ddi vdi ddi tdpng can rat chat che thong qua viec kiem tra thddng xuyen qua trinh hpc theo nguyen tac md rpng dau vao, that chat dau Dong thdi, tien dp hpc tap cua cac sinh vien se rat da dang, nen mpt cd che quan li linh hoat la het sdc can thiet O day, mpt lan nda cd the thay mpt he thdng tin chi hoan chinh, van hanh tot, vdi cac cd che lien thong dddc dam bao, la mpt dieu kien rat can cho sd cdng cua ngddi hpc chddng trinh dao tao Ket luan Vai tro quan cCia trddng dai hpc nen kinh te tri thdc toan cau hien khdng gi de ban cai Nhdng de trddng dai hpc thdc sd la mpt dpng Idc phat then xa hpi thi mpi chinh sach cd lien quan den qua trinh giao due deu can ddpc can nhac can than, dd tuyen sinh la khau quan dau tien Va hai nguyen tac quan nhat viec xay ddng cac chinh sach cua mpt nganh cd lien quan den tat ca mpi ngddi - nganh giao due la phai xem xet quyen Ipi cua tat ca cac ben cd lien quan, va thdc hien trao quyen day du cd dieu kien Cac de xuat ddpc dda bai viet nay, dda tren kinh nghiem thdc tien BOI DlTONG H S (Tiep theo trang 25) hpc Viec danh gia can tranh tao them sd cang thing cho HS hpc tap - Npi dung danh gia: chu yeu tap trung vao viec khac sau, md rpng nhung kTnang, kien thdc - Cach thdc danh gia: kiem tra viet va van dap d nhdng npi dung md rpng hoac hpc sau mpt sd kien thdc va kT nang; quan sat hoat dpng hpc cua HS cac cupc thi, tro chdi, hoat dpng hpc tieng Viet cac hoat dpng theo chu diem de dda nhan xet Hoat dpng bdi dddng HS kha gidi mdn Tieng Viet theo hddng day hpc td chpn da ddpc thd nghiem cac nam hpc 2006-2007 va 20082009 d mpt so trddng tieu hpc tai huyen Thanh Tri, quan Hai Ba Trdng, Ha Npi, mpt so Idp tieu KHGD so 55 thdng 4-2010 Khoa hoc Gido due cua cac nddc tren the gidi, da cd gang ton cac nguyen tac ndi tren, va hi vong cd the chi dddc mpt sd djnh hddng phu hpp de tiep tuc nang cao chat Idpng va hieu qua cua giao due dai hpc Viet Nam nhdng nam sap tdi TAl Ll£U THAM KHAO Bp Giao due va Dao tao (2007) Tai lieu Hoi thao - Ta huan ve thi nam 2008 (luu hanh npi bp) Ha Npi, Cue Khao thi va Danh gia chat lupng dao tao Cabrera, A R, and K R Burkum (2001) College Admission Criteria in the United States: An Overview Paper presented at Balance del sistema de acceso a la universidad (selectividad y modelos alternativos) Catedra UNESCO de Gestidn y Politica Universitaria Madrid, Spain Helms, R M (2008) University Admission Worldwide Working Paper Series 15 Washington DC, World Bank Oregon State Board of Higher Education (2007) Undergraduate Admission Policy for 2008-2009 Academic Year SUMMARY This article describes the group of most often used policies in admission into universities worldwide, analyz objectives of these factors and based upon that to propose a new admission mechanism for higher education from 2010 in Vietnam hpc thupc Trddng phd thong cd sd Thdc nghiem cua Bp Giao due va Dao tao va da cd nhdng ket qua dddc danh gia tot TAl LIEU THAM KHAO PGS.TS Nguyen Thj Hanh (chu nhiem), Day hoc tuc mon Tieng Viet b tieu hoc nham dap dng yeu cau day hoc phan hda, de tai khoa hpc cap Vien 2007, Vien Khoa hoc Giao due Viet Nam Nguyen Thj Hanh, Thuc trang va nhu cau day hoc tu chon mdn Tieng Viet b tieu hoc, Tap chi Giao due so 163, 5/2007 Luyen tap nang cao Tieng Viet theo hubng day hoc tu chon (2 tap), Nha xuat ban Giao due Viet Nam, 2008 SUMMARY The author addresses the need of tutoring for good and excellent students in Vietnamese language towards elective; scientific basis and forms for the tutoring 51 ... mon Tieng Viet b tieu hoc nham dap dng yeu cau day hoc phan hda, de tai khoa hpc cap Vien 2007, Vien Khoa hoc Giao due Viet Nam Nguyen Thj Hanh, Thuc trang va nhu cau day hoc tu chon mdn Tieng Viet. .. hien boi dddng HS kha gidi mon Tieng Viet theo hddng day hpc td chpn a Can lam ro muc tieu day hpc tdchpn mon Tieng Viet - Cd cac kT nang sd dung tieng Viet (doc, viet, nghe, ndi) vdng chac de... td chon tai lieu dpc, tu nhdng npi dung day hpc mon tieng Viet d chpn de tai cho bai viet; tu trao ddi vdi ve ba Idp cudi cap (Idp 3, Idp 4, Idp 5) theo nhdng npi dung bai dpc, bai viet; tu sda