Unit 1 LIFE STORIES

UNIT LIFE STORIES (TIỂU SỬ) A VOCABULARY New words achievement /əˈtʃiːvmənt/ (n) Meaning thành tích, thành tựu Picture Example This new album is one of his greatest achievements Album thành tựu tuyệt vời anh anonymous ẩn danh, giấu tên /əˈnɒnɪməs/ (adj) dedication /ˌdedɪˈkeɪʃn/ (n) cống hiến, hiến dâng, tận tụy For reasons of personal safety, the customer wishes to remain anonymous Để đảm bảo an toàn cá nhân, khách hàng mong muốn giấu tên I admire Uncle Ho for his dedication to our country Tôi ngưỡng mộ Bác Hồ cống hiến Bác cho đất nước diagnose chẩn đoán (bệnh) /ˈdaɪəɡnəʊz/ (v) He was diagnosed with lung cancer last year Anh bị chẩn đoán mắc bệnh ung thư phổi vào năm ngoái distinguished /dɪˈstɪŋɡwɪʃt/ (adj) kiệt xuất, lỗi lạc He had a distinguished career in medicine Ơng có nghiệp lỗi lạc ngành y tế figure nhân vật /ˈfɪɡə(r)/ (n) She is a famous political figure in the world Bà trị gia tiếng giới generosity /ˌdʒenəˈrɒsəti/ (n) rộng lượng, tính hào phóng You shouldn't let other people take advantage of your generosity Bạn khơng nên để người khác lợi dụng lịng tốt hospitalization /ˌhɒspɪtəlaɪˈzeɪʃn/ nhập viện, đưa vào bệnh viện Because of the severity of the accident, the patient required hospitalization Do vụ tai nạn nghiêm trọng, bệnh nhân bắt buộc phải nhập viện có ảnh hưởng lớn He is the most influential person in the company (n) influential /ˌɪnfluˈenʃl/ (adj) Ồng người có tầm ảnh hưởng lớn cơng ty /ˌpɜːsəˈvɪərəns/ (n) tính kiên trì, bền chí prosthetic leg chân giả perseverance /prɒsˈθetɪk leg/ to many different places to explore the world (n.p) reputation /ˌrepjuˈteɪʃn/ (n) She showed hard work and perseverance in the face of difficulty Cô thể cần cù kiên trì phải đối mặt với khó khăn After getting used to my prosthetic leg, I traveled danh tiếng Sau làm quen với việc mang chân giả, chu du nhiều nơi để khám phá giới After winning this contest, she gained a reputation as a first-class cook Sau chiến thắng thi này, cô giành danh tiếng đầu bếp hạng respectable /rɪˈspektəbl/ (adj) đáng kính, đứng đắn I think that you'll look more respectable if you wear this suit Tôi nghĩ trông anh đứng đắn mặc com-lê talented /ˈtỉləntɪd/ (adj) có tài năng, có khiếu Lionel Messi is a talented football player Lionel Messi cầu thủ bóng đá tài waver /ˈweɪvə(r)/ (V) dao động, phân vân I'm wavering between buying a house in this city or moving away Tôi phân vân việc mua nhà thành phố chuyển đến nơi khác B GRAMMAR I THE PAST SIMPLE TENSE (THÌ QUÁ KHỨ ĐƠN) VS THE PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE (THÌ QUÁ KHỨ TIẾP DIỄN) The past simple tense (Thì khứ đơn) a Cấu trúc (Form) Affirmative (Khẳng định) S + V(past) (+ O) They went to the cinema last night Negative (Phủ định) S + did not/ didn't + V(bareinf) (+ O) They didn't go to the cinema last night Interrogative (Nghi vấn) Did + S +V(bare-inf) (+ O)? Did they go to the cinema last night? b Cách dùng (Use) - Diễn tả hành động xảy kết thúc thời điểm khứ (finished actions or events) E.g: I saw him at the airport yesterday (Hơm qua tơi nhìn thấy anh sân bay.) My aunt sent me a letter two days ago (Cách ngày cô gửi thư cho tôi.) - Diễn tả hành động lặp lặp lại khứ (repeated actions) E.g: I played soccer three times a week when I was at school (Lúc tơi cịn học tơi chơi bóng đá lần lần.) She went to Paris twice last year (Năm ngối đến Pari lần.) - Diễn tả thói quen khứ (past habits) E.g: She visited her parents every Sunday (Vào chủ nhật đến thăm bố mẹ.) We often went swimming every afternoon (Vào buổi chiều chúng tơi thường bơi.) - Diễn tả tình trạng hay tình khứ Did you have a car when you were young? (Có phải bạn có tơ bạn cịn trẻ khơng?) - Diễn tả chuỗi hành động xảy liên tiếp khứ (sequences of actions) E.g: He ran to the car, jumped in and raced off into the night c Các cụm từ thời gian (Time phrases) Một số cụm từ thời gian dùng khứ đơn: yesterday, last night/week/month/year, etc., two days/ weeks/months, etc ago, in 2000, at that moment, then, suddenly, when The past continuous tense (Thì khứ tiếp diễn) a Cấu trúc (Form) Affirmative (Khẳng định) S + was/ were + V-ing (+O) My brother was reading books at this time last night Negative (Phủ định) S + was/ were + not + V-ing (+O) My brother wasn't reading books at this time last night Interrogative (Nghi vấn) Was/Were + S +V-ing (+O)? Was your brother reading books at this time last night? b Cách dùng (Use) - Diễn tả hành động diễn thời điểm cụ thể khứ (actions in progress at a point of time in the past) E.g: At o'clock yesterday, I was doing the homework (Vào lúc hôm qua làm tập nhà.) - Diễn tả hành động diễn khoảng thời gian khứ (actions in progress over a period of time) E.g: My husband was working hard all day (Chồng làm việc vất vả suốt ngày.) Note: Các cụm từ thời gian all day, all the morning, thường dùng trường hợp - Diễn tả tình huống/ việc tạm thời thay đổi khứ (temporary or changing situations in the past) E.g: At the time, I was working for a bank in this cit (a temporary situation) I was becoming bored with the job, so I decided to change (a changing situation) - Diễn tả hành động diễn hành động khác xen vào khứ (an action was in progress when another action happened/ interrupted it) E.g: We were having dinner when someone knocked at/on the door (Chúng ăn tối có gõ cửa.) - Diễn tả hai hay nhiều hành động xảy song song lúc khứ (two or more actions in progress at the same time in the past) E.g: While I was cooking dinner, my husband was playing computer games (Trong tơi nấu bữa tối chồng tơi chơi điện tử.) - Diễn tả hành động lặp lại nhiều lần khứ gây khó chịu, bực (mang nghĩa tiêu cực) Cách dùng thường kèm với trạng từ "always/ constantly" E.g: The old man was always complaining about the noise in the area Note: Chúng ta khơng thường dùng q khứ tiếp diễn với động từ tình trạng, cảm xúc, sở hữu, tri giác như: be, cost, belong, own, have, feel, hear, hate, like, c Các cụm từ thời gian (Time phrases) Các cụm từ thời gian thường dùng như: while, as, when, meanwhile, at that time, all the morning/ afternoon/ day, etc ■ BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG CƠ BẢN Bài 1: Write the words in the correct order I/ the bus/ caught/ yesterday/ to work/ ⇒ it was raining/because/ didn't/ she/ for a walk/ go/ ⇒ I got/TV/ when/ watching/ my/ brother/ was/ home/ ⇒ break/your arm/you/how/did/? ⇒ last summer/ in a beautiful village/ spent/ we/ ⇒ last night/ Sally/ what/ was/ wearing/ at the party/? ⇒ a loud party/ while/ my neighbors/I/ were having/ to study,/ was trying/ ⇒ you/ to the cinema/ last night/ did/ go/? ⇒ Bài 2: Choose the correct answer in the bracket Last night I was working) on my thesis and it took me a while to realise that my phone was ringing (work/ When you I was in a meeting so I couldn't answer your call (called/ were calling) David can never agree with Tim They (always argue/ are always arguing) Why did you disagree with me at the meeting? try/Were you trying) Daisy Tim to make me look incompetent? (Did you the buffet while I was seeing to the drinks (prepared/ was preparing) home when the accident happened (walked/ was walking) I to work, even when it rained (was always walking/ always walked) Kelly her speech when I walked in (was finishing/ finished) Bài 3: Put the verbs into the past simple or past continuous tense I used my time well while I (wait) I (not/work) when my boss walked in my office I was on Facebook I saw a car crash when I (wait) Tom (have) I (not/call) I (stiIl/sleep) for the taxi long hair and a beard when he was at university It started raining while I (drive) What (you/do) for the train - I wrote some emails to work this time last year? you at 10 o'clock as arranged because I was having a meeting when my husband left for work this morning Bài 4: Put the verbs in the brackets in the correct tense, past simple or past continuous Use the passive form if necessary When she heard the phone ring, she My mother (stop) reading to answer it (read), so she didn't see me walking past When the accident happened, thousands of people (pass) through the airport 4 I (have) English lessons every week from the age of four onwards They decided to leave the beach because it was still some light Kate already (think) of leaving university before she failed her first year exams? Since your house had a pool, you The disaster (get) dark and they wanted to get home while there (swim) every day? (attract) hundreds of people from the country to the city Sorry I couldn't come on Monday, I 10 The national park (work) on my project (create) to protect wildlife Bài 5: Put the verbs in the brackets in the correct tense Last night, while I was doing my homework, Hoa (1 call) She said she (2 call) me on her cell phone from her biology classroom I asked her if she (3 wait) for class, but she said that the professor was at the front of the hall lecturing while she (4 talk) to me I couldn't believe she (5 make) a phone call during the lecture I asked what was going on She said her biology professor was so boring that several of the students (6 sleep, actually) in class Some of the students (7 talk) about their plans for the weekend and the student next to her (8 draw) a picture of a horse When Hoa (9 tell) me she was not satisfied with the class, I (10 mention) that my biology professor was quite good and (11 suggest) that she switch to my class While we were talking, I (12 hear) her professor yell, "Miss, are you making a phone call?" Suddenly, the line went dead I (13 hang) up the phone and went to the kitchen to make dinner As I (14 cut) vegetables for a salad, the phone rang once again It (15 be) Hoa, but this time she wasn't sitting in class II ARTICLES (MẠOTỪ) Mạo từ xác định "The" Mạo từ "the" thường dùng trước danh từ số danh từ số nhiều nói vật, việc xác định E.g: The book I read yesterday is on the table  Một số quy tắc Chúng ta dùng "the" trường hợp sau: - Khi vật thể hay nhóm vật thể xem E.g: The sun; the world; the atmosphere; the sky; the ground; the sea; the earth; - Khi người nói người nghe biết đến thứ nói tới E.g: Could you open the door please? (Cả người nói lẫn người nghe biết cửa nào) - Trước danh từ xác định cụm từ hay mệnh đề E.g: The girl in uniform; The doctor that I met; The place where I waited for you - Trước so sánh tính từ E.g: She is the most beautiful girl in this class - Trước tên loại nhạc cụ E.g: Can you play the guitar? I like listening to the piano (but) I've just bought a guitar and a piano - Trước danh từ số đại diện cho nhóm (tên động vật, thực vật, phát minh, phận thể, ) E.g: The dodo is an extinct bird Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone He hit me on the head - Trước thập kỷ kỷ E.g: The 1800s; The twenties - Trước cụm từ thời gian nơi chốn E.g: The morning/afternoon/evening; The future/present/past; The north/south/west/east; The front/back/ middle/top/bottom - Trước số thứ tự E.g: The first/second day; the sixth lesson - Khi người nói nói đến danh từ cụ thể E.g: Coffee originated in Ethiopia, (general) The coffee I had this morning was Brazilian - Trước tên quốc gia, bang, thành phố, trường học có chứa "of", trước quốc gia có tên số nhiều có tính từ tên, ngoại trừ Great Britain E.g: The United States of America; The State of Florida; The City of Boston; The University of Texas; The Netherlands;The Philippines - Trước tên núi, sông, quần đảo, vịnh, biển, đại dương, tên sách, báo tên tàu E.g: The Thai Binh river; the Times; the Pacific Ocean, the Sahara - Trước vùng, miền địa lý, châu lục E.g: The Middle East;The Orient (but) Europe; Asia - Trước tên lĩnh vực học thuật chúng có chứa "of" E.g: The history of the United States - Trước tên chiến tranh E.g: The war of Independence; the civil war; the second World War (but World War II) - Trước tính từ để tạo nên danh từ chung nhóm người E.g: The rich are not always happy The Japanese work very hard - Trước danh từ riêng số nhiều để vợ chồng hay họ (cả gia đình) E.g: The Smiths always go fishing at the weekend Mạo từ bất định A/An - "A" đứng trước phụ âm nguyên âm có phiên âm phụ âm: + a girl; a game; a boat; a book + a university /aˌjuːnɪˈvɜːsəti/; a European /aˌjʊərəˈpiːən/; a one-parent family; a year /a jɪə / - "An" đứng trước nguyên âm âm câm (U, E, O, A, I): + an orange; an umbrella; an egg + an hour/an ˈaʊər /; an honest child /an ˈɒnɪst tʃaɪld /; an honour/an ˈɑːnər / - "An" đứng trước mẫu ký tự đặc biệt đọc nguyên âm bắt đầu với A, E, F, H, I, L, M, N, O, R, S, X: + an MP/an ˌem ˈpiː /; an SOS/an ˌes əʊ ˈes /; an X-ray /an ˈeks reɪ /; an MSC /an ˌem es ˈsiː/  Một số quy tắc Chúng ta dùng a/an: - Trước danh từ đếm số với nghĩa E.g: We need a microcomputer/chair/pen - Giới thiệu vể hay vật chung chung, khơng cụ thể chưa đề cập trước E.g: I saw a snake - Khi nói nghề nghiệp E.g: He is an engineer - Trong cụm thành ngữ số lượng E.g: A dozen; a couple; a third; a hundred; a lot of; - Mang nghĩa "per" E.g: Three times a year; $ 10 a day - Trong câu cảm thán với danh từ đếm số E.g: What a pretty girl! - "A" đặt trước Mr/Mrs/Miss + Surname E.g: A Mr Smith a Mrs Smith a Miss Smith A Mr Smith mang nghĩa người đàn ông gọi Smith ngụ ý anh người lạ với người nói Mr Smith, khơng có "a", ngụ ý người nói biết Mr Smith biết tồn anh ■ BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG CƠ BẢN Bài 6: Fill in the blank with the suitable article: a, an, the or x (no article) Are you coming to I bought party next Sunday? new TV set yesterday I think man over there is very ill He can't stand on his feet I watched video you had sent me She was wearing ugly dress when she met him I am crazy about reading She is history books beautiful girl Do you want to go to He is cinema where we first met? engineer 10 He thinks that 11 I like love is what will save us all blue T-shirt over there better than red one 12 Their car does 150 miles hour 13 Where's USB drive I lent you last week? 14 Do you still live in Ho Chi Minh City? 15 Is your mother working inold office building? 16 Tim's father works as electrician 17 The tomatoes are 99 pence kilo 18 What you usually have for 19 Mike has breakfast? terrible headache 20 After this tour you have whole afternoon free to explore the city Bài 7: Fill in the bank with a/an, the or x if it isn't necessary to use any article He is very nice man They are brave girls farmhouses in my village were rather poor He told me This is good example roof of We are Those were Look at story of his life house was on fire students interesting books top of that tree 10 I am 11 good sailor frame of that picture is broken 12 John has become 13 It was driver very long way to go 14 We stopped at 15 door of his hut cover of my English book is green 16 Mark and Peter were 17 last days of my stay in London were the most interesting 18 She was 19 This 20 good sportsmen good actress exception banks of river were very steep Bài 8: Correct the following sentences, adding articles where necessary Do English drink tea or coffee for breakfast? We returned from two-week holiday in Philippines and Indonesia During the rush hour in Hanoi, it's more convenient to travel by motorbike than to take taxi We had great time in USA last summer Tim decided to become soldier so that he could fight for his country Bài 9: Complete the text by using A, AN, THE or (x) for "no article" for each blank I just received a postcard from (1) Smiths, a family I met last year It made me start thinking: When was (2) last time I actually sent (3) letter or (4) postcard to someone? It's strange, (5) postal service has been part of (6) daily life for (7) centuries And suddenly, within (8) single generation, (9) postal system is on its way to becoming (10) thing of (11) past These days, (12) few people send (13) letters Today, (14) email is (15) far more common way to communicate with (16) friends and (17) family It's also (18) faster and cheaper way to communicate When I send (19) email to (20) friend in (21) distant country, (22) friend will receive (23) email almost immediately What's more, I have the ability to attach (24) photograph, (25) video, or (26) MP3 And I don't even have to buy (27) expensive stamp But (28) world is changing quickly In (29) decade or two, we might all be using (30) totally different kind of technology to communicate ■ BÀI TẬP TỔNG HỢP NÂNG CAO Bài 10: Choose the best answer to complete the following sentences We to the hospital to visit Tom when he to say that he was fine A were driving - was calling B drove-called C were driving – called D drove-was calling What A happen to you last Sunday? B happened C was happening D would happen Last night, we for you for ages but you never up A waited - showed B would wait - showed C were waiting - were showing D waited - was showing We off dinner when the light A had-went B were having-went C had been having - went D have had - would have go I out last night but at the last minute I that I had an English test this morning A was going to go – realized B went – realized C had gone - would realize D would go - have realized Who is girl over there with Tom? A the B a D ∅ C an The director needs an assistant with good knowledge of foreign affairs A a B the C any D ∅ What terrible weather! Normally weather in the UK is not so bad A the-the B a-the After a busy day, I went to A the - the B a - the 10 She has visited A the-the C ∅-the bed and had D the-a most beautiful dream ever D ∅ - the C a - a Portugal but she has never been to B ∅-the Netherlands C a – the D a – a Bài 11: Choose the underlined part that needs correction Last month, when my friend (A) was traveling around London by (B) the car, he crashed (C) the car into (D) a tree When she (A) was walking to (B) the library to borrow (C) some books, she (D) was seeing a robbery (A)The biggest problem with eating too (B) much sugar is (C)that it can cause (D) the diabetes (A) The most people need (B) to have a healthy diet and (C) exercise (D) every day Last night, suddenly my mother (A) was deciding to prevent me from using (B) the Internet so we (C) ended up having (D) a quarrel Bài 12: Fill in the blank with A, AN, THE or (x) for "no article" for each blank What's at longest river in geography In 1824, Louis Braille developed system, known as "Braille" after countries world? Is it Amazon or system of writing for inventor, spread from Because she did not speak English, she had she applied for year-long English course at Tim loves islands He has been to Cuba, Philippines And next year, he wants to go to Nile? I'm terrible blind Quickly, France to dozens of little chance of advancing her career, so Cambridge University Bali, Madagascar Jenifer always says that patience is virtue, but she is I've ever met Don't you think that's little ironic? Bahamas, and least patient person Every year, Smiths go camping in year, they are going to visit Mr Smith's mother in Wow, Yellowstone National Park But South instead cheese is getting so expensive! Look, that cheese costs more than $50 next pound ... engineer 10 He thinks that 11 I like love is what will save us all blue T-shirt over there better than red one 12 Their car does 15 0 miles hour 13 Where's USB drive I lent you last week? 14 Do you... of his life house was on fire students interesting books top of that tree 10 I am 11 good sailor frame of that picture is broken 12 John has become 13 It was driver very long way to go 14 We... daily life for (7) centuries And suddenly, within (8) single generation, (9) postal system is on its way to becoming (10 ) thing of (11 ) past These days, (12 ) few people send (13 ) letters Today, (14 )