Unit 9 cities of the future

UNIT 9: CITIES OF THE FUTURE (THÀNH PHỐ TRONG TƯƠNG LAI) A VOCABULARY New words city dweller Meaning Picture Example người sống /ˈsɪti - ˈdwelə(r)/ đô thị, cư dân (n) thành thị Many city dwellers are living in poor condition Nhiều người dân thành thị sống điều kiện nghèo nàn detect /dɪˈtekt/ (v) dị tìm, phát Doctors can detect diseases early thanks to the development of technology Bác sĩ phát bệnh sớm nhờ vào phát triển công nghệ infrastructure sở hạ tầng /ˈɪnfrəstrʌktʃə(r)/ (n) This area's infrastructure needs to be upgraded immediately Cơ sở hạ tầng khu vực cần nâng cấp inhabitant /ɪnˈhæbɪtənt/ (n) cư dân, người cư trú This city inhabitants has about 20,000 Thành phố có khoảng 20 nghìn cư dân insoluble /ɪnˈsɒljəbl/ (adj) giải Water pollution is an insoluble problem in this countryside Ô nhiễm nguồn nước vấn đề giải nông thôn liveable sống The city could be more liveable without pollution problems /ˈlɪvəbl/ (adj) Thành phố dễ sống khơng có vấn đề ô nhiễm optimistic lạc quan outcome of the meeting /ˌɒptɪˈmɪstɪk/ (adj) overcrowded /ˌəʊvəˈkraʊdɪd/ (adj) paradise They are very optimistic about the Họ lạc quan kết họp chật ních, đơng nghẹt Hanoi is becoming an overcrowded city with a lot of traffic jams Hà Nội trở thành thành phố đông đúc với nhiều ách tắc giao thông thiên đường This city is like a paradise for those who want to enjoy stunning /ˈpærədaɪs/ (n) landscapes Thành phố thể thiên đường muốn thưởng thức cảnh quan tuyệt đẹp pessimistic bi quan They are pessimistic about the /ˌpesɪˈmɪstɪk/ (adj) change of the plan quality of life Many people decide to move to this Họ bi quan thay đổi kế hoạch chất lượng /ˈkwɒləti ɒv laɪf/ sống (n) city because they want to improve their quality of life Nhiều người định chuyển đến thành phố họ muốn cải thiện chất lượng sống renewable tái tạo People should use a lot of renewable /rɪˈnjuːəbl/ (adj) energy sources such as wind and solar power in the future Trong tương lai, người nên sử dụng nhiều nguồn nởng lượng tái tạo lượng gió mặt trời sensor /ˈsensə(r)/ (n) cảm biến This lamp has a sensor inside, so you can adjust its brightness Chiếc đèn có cảm biến bên nên bạn điều chỉnh độ sáng sustainable /səˈsteɪnəbl/ (adj) khơng gây hại cho mơi trường, có tính bền vững This meeting was held with the aim of promoting sustainable development in all areas Cuộc họp tổ chức với mục đích thúc đẩy phát triển bền vững tất khu vực upgrade nâng cấp /ˈʌpɡreɪd/ (v) This system is being upgraded Hệ thống nâng cấp urban /ˈɜːbən/ (adj) thuộc vể đô thị Pollution has reached high levels in some urban areas Ô nhiễm đạt mức cao số khu vực đô thị urban planner /ˈplænə(r)/ (n) người / chuyên gia quy hoạch đô thị The urban planners design and carry out projects which aim to improve the current situation Các chuyên gia quy hoạch đô thị thiết kế tiến hành dự án với mục tiêu cải thiện tình trạng B GRAMMAR I TAG QUESTION Định nghĩa cấu trúc Câu hỏi đuôi câu hỏi ngắn thêm vào cuối câu ngăn cách dấu phây Nếu động từ phần thể khẳng định phần phủ định ngược lại S + V , trợ động từ (auxiliary) + S (pronoun)? (+) → (-) (-) → (+) E.g: He can swim, can't he? (Anh bơi, phải không?) Mr Nam doesn't buy that house, does he? (Ơng Nam khơng mua nhà đó, phải khơng?) Cách sử dụng - Nếu phần hỏi đuôi lên giọng cuối câu (rising intonation) thực câu hỏi người nói chưa biết câu trả lời - Nếu phần hỏi đuôi xuống giọng cuối câu (falling intonation) hình thức xác nhận lại thông tin, câu hỏi thực người nói biết câu trả lời mong người nghe đồng ý Lời nói khẳng định ln có phần hỏi dạng phủ định, câu trả lời cho câu hỏi dạng "Yes" Lời nói phủ định ln có phần hỏi đuôi dạng khẳng định, trả lời cho câu hỏi dạng "No" E.g: You are a teacher, aren't you? Yes, I am You don't live here, you? No, I don't Các trường hợp đặc biệt Một số trường hợp đặc biệt cần lưu ý: a I am , aren't I? b Let's V , shall we? c Câu mệnh lệnh khẳng định phần hỏi đuôi "will/ could/ would/ won't you"; câu mệnh lệnh phủ định phần hỏi "will you" d Khi chủ ngữ this/that, phần hỏi đuôi ta dùng đại từ "it" E.g: This is a book, isn't it? e Khi chủ ngữ these, those phần hỏi ta dùng "they" f Khi chủ ngữ there, phần hỏi đuôi ta dùng "there" g Khi chủ ngữ đại từ bất định như: anyone, anybody, no one, nobody, everybody, everyone, somebody, someone dùng đại từ "they" làm chủ ngữ câu hỏi đuôi E.g: Everyone is going to the museum, aren't they? There is no one in the class, are there? (vì trước no one nên dùng khẳng định phía sau) h Khi chủ ngữ đại từ bất định everything, something, anything, nothing dùng đại từ "it" làm chủ từ câu hỏi i Khi mệnh đề có cấu trúc: "I+ think/believe/suppose/ " + mệnh đề phụ ta dùng động từ mệnh đề phụ để xác định động từ cho câu hỏi đuôi E.g: I think she will meet him, won't she? Cũng mẫu cấu trúc chủ từ khơng phải "I" dùng động từ câu (think/ believe/ suppose/ ) để xác định động từ cho câu hỏi đuôi E.g: She thinks he will come, doesn't she? j Khi câu đầu sử dụng động từ "had better", ta mượn trợ động từ "had" để lập câu hỏi đuôi; Khi câu đầu sử dụng động từ "would rather", ta mượn trợ động từ "would" để lập câu hỏi đuôi II CONDITIONAL SENTENCES TYPE Câu điều kiện loại dùng để nói phát biểu khoa học hiển nhiên hoăc việc luôn * Form: If + S + V (present tense), S + V (present simple) Chúng ta dùng when / if loại câu điều kiện E.g: If you heat water to 100 degrees, it boils (Nếu bạn đun nước đến 100 độ sơi.) Có thể dùng cấu trúc mệnh lệnh mệnh đề kết ta dùng động từ ngun mẫu khơng có to E.g: If you feel tired, please take a short rest ■ BÀI TẬPVẬN DỤNG CƠ BẢN Bài 1: Choose the best answer You're coming to France with us, ? A aren't you B isn't you C shouldn't you It wasn't very late, ? A wasn't it B isn't it C was it Mark's buying something for his mother, ? A wasn't he B isn't he C was he It won't be anything cheap, ? A won't it B isn't it C will it There's some cheese in the fridge, ? A isn't there B isn't it C wasn't it We don't need to go buy any bread today, ? A don't we B I C we Linda can bring some chocolate, ? A won't she B will she C can't she The concert starts at eight o'clock, ? A isn't it B doesn't it C does it The movie was very boring, ? A isn't it B wasn't it C was it 10 There's a red book on the shelf, ? A isn't it B isn't there 11 There's a lot of noise in the street, ? C aren't there A aren't there B isn't there C is there 12 Mrs Brown is sick, ? A isn't she B is she C wasn't she 13 The glasses are dirty, ? A weren't they B isn't they C aren't they 14.Tom won't be at the meetinq, ? A won't he B isn't he C will he 15 The French exam was very easy, ? A wasn't it B isn't it C weren't they 16 We can go on holiday on Friday, ? A won't we B can we C can't we B aren't I C are I 17 I'm late, ? A isn't I 18 This jacket is too big for me, ? A isn't it B doesn't it C does it 19 Emily plays the piano well, ? A isn't it B does she C doesn't she 20 Your cousins went on holiday, ? A isn't they B didn't they C aren't they Bài 2: Complete the questions by adding the tag questions Minh doesn't like football, ? You haven't done your homework, ? You sat next to Mai, ? Your name is Na, ? I didn't leave my wallet on the desk ? Bài 3: Complete the sentences with the correct question tags She is collecting stamps, ? We often watch TV in the afternoon, ? You have cleaned your bike, ? John and Mike don't like English, ? Peter played handball yesterday, ? They are going home from school, ? Mary didn't her homework last Monday, ? He could have bought a new car, ? Mark will come tonight, ? 10 I'm clever, ? 11 John smokes a lot, ? 12 My mother has lovely hair, ? 13 You like this film we're watching, ? 14 He can't speak English very well, ? 15 Your brother isn't married, ? 16 She doesn't cook very well, ? 17 We can go to the cinema tomorrow if you want, ? 18 They don't have a very nice house, ? 19 She is the richest woman in the town, ? 20 We should leave before it gets dark, ? 21 You'd like a cup of tea, ? 22 They mustn't go too near the lake, ? 23 You'll see John tomorrow, ? 24 We won't be going to that restaurant again,? 25 Let's try and phone her again, ? 26 You've seen this film already, ? 27 Your uncle has never been out of the village, ? 28 You're seeing Elizabeth next week, ? 29 I'm not speaking first at the meeting, ? 30 This was an interesting exercise, ? ■ BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG CƠ BẢN Bài 4: Complete the zero conditional sentences with the verb in brackets Use contractions where possible If you press that button, the light (come) on It's easier to sleep if (you / not / be) stressed The teacher gets angry if (we / not I work) hard If (I / go) on a boat, I always feel sick His mother gets annoyed if (he/ be) late If (I / not / know) a word, I look in my dictionary They play football if (they / not / have) any homework If you freeze water, (it / turn) to ice Bài 5: Complete the sentences using the words from the box case doesn't don't soon unless until will won't Bob be upset if you don't invite him to your party We'll stay in the park it gets dark The organizers will announce the winners as as the race has finished We always go out for a walk at the weekend it rains They pass unless they study more 6 You'll get cold if you wear a coat If Nancy drinks too much coffee, she sleep at night We're taking some sandwiches in the children don't like the food Bài 6: Combine each pair of sentences to make one sentence using the Conditional Type You heat water to 100 degrees It boils It rains The grass gets wet Plants don't get enough water and sunlight They often die My mother doesn't sleep well She drinks coffee before bed The menu appears on the screen You press this button Bài 7: Match the two halves to make a complete sentence A B If we don't feel well, a if you cross an international date line If plants don't get enough water, b if you drop it on the floor We easily get tired c if you heat it to 100 degrees We become ill The cup breaks d if you drop it in water e if she eats too much chocolate If iron gets wet, f if we eat dirty food My daughter gets sick g they die Water boils Ice floats h we see a doctor i if we work under the sun 10 The time changes j it rusts Bài 8: Underline the mistakes and correct them If you not pay on time, you have to pay a fine _ If you never showered, you are sweaty and smelly _ If you park your caron double yellow lines, your car would be pulled away _ If you weren't at home, you can collect your parcel at the post-office _ If you will delete an email, it stays in your trash for 30 days _ Normally, you would be charged late fees if you return your car late _ Please, read what happens if you cancelled your booking _ I don't have any breakfast if I overslept _ Find out what you can if you will travel without a ticket _ 10 I always take my umbrella if it rained _ Bài 9: Make complete sentences using the conditional type (I / wake up late /I / be late for work)  (my husband / cook / he / burn the food)  (Julia I not wear a hat / she / get sunstroke)  (children / not eat well / they / not be healthy)  (you / mix water and electricity / you I get a shock)  (people / eat / too many sweets / they / get fat)  (you / smoke / you / get yellow fingers)  (children / play outside / they / not get overweight)  (you / heat ice / it / melt)  10 (I / speak to John / he / get annoyed)  ■ BÀI TẬP TỔNG HỢP NÂNG CAO Bài 10: Choose the underlined part that needs correction (A) You don't know (B) the answer, (C) are (D) you? He doesn't (A) need a (B) furnished (C) apartment, (D) doesn't he? He (A) can (B) play (C) the guitar, can he? The movers (A) are not (B) packing the book (C) for us, (D) aren't they? I (A) am a (B) new member in (C) this group, (D) am not I? Bài 11: Choose the best answer No one is better at English than Lan, ? A is she B isn't she C are they D aren't they There are a lot of people attending the wedding party, ? A are they B are there C aren't they D aren't there He seldom goes to the park, ? A doesn't he B is he C does he D isn't he C don't you D you C will he D don't I C isn't it D aren't they Let's go for walk, ? A will we B shall we I think he will come here, ? A doesn't he B won't he The film is boring, ? A is it B are they You are listening to music ? A is you B are you C aren't you D were you C can't him D could he C are you D aren't you C is she D was she C has he D hasn't he He can speak English, ? A can he B can't he You don't know her, ? A you B don't you 10 Nga speaks English very well, ? A does she B doesn't she 11 John has bought a dictionary, ? A does he B did he 12 They met him at the party last night, ? A they B don't they C did they D didn't they 13 They are going to the test tomorrow, ? A they B are they C aren't they D did they C are you D aren't I C is he D are they 14 I'm short; ? A am not I B aren't you 15 No one is in this room now, ? A is one B isn't one Bài 12: Choose the best answer in brackets to complete the sentences If I go to bed after midnight, I (am always/ ‘ll always be/ would always be) tired in the morning I (will/won't/wouldn't) tell you anything if you don't keep a secret If he spoke good English, he (finds/ will find/ would find) a good job in this city I (don't/ won't/ wouldn't) trust these people if I were you Tim (comes/ will come/ would come) to see you tomorrow if you take these tablets If plants don't have enough water, they (die/ will die/ would die) Bài 13: Put the verbs into the correct form (the zero conditional, the first conditional or the second conditional) If you (not be) careful, you'll burn yourself  _ Would you go to see the headmaster if they (start) bullying you again?  _ I (not lend) him any money even if I had some  _ If he (have) a choice, he always chooses ice cream for pudding  _ I would be so happy if he (ask) me out  _ If you heat ice, it (turn) to water  _ What will you if she (decide) not to come after all?  _ It's very simple, son: if you (not behave) properly, you don't get your treat  _ Would you know what to if you (lose) your passport on holiday abroad?  _ 10 If Tim invites me to his party, I (not accept) his invitation  _  ... did he 12 They met him at the party last night, ? A they B don''t they C did they D didn''t they 13 They are going to the test tomorrow, ? A they B are they C aren''t they D did they C are... she B isn''t she C are they D aren''t they There are a lot of people attending the wedding party, ? A are they B are there C aren''t they D aren''t there He seldom goes to the park, ? A... B isn''t there 11 There''s a lot of noise in the street, ? C aren''t there A aren''t there B isn''t there C is there 12 Mrs Brown is sick, ? A isn''t she B is she C wasn''t she 13 The glasses