Unit 1 generation gap

UNIT 1: THE GENERATION GAP (KHOẢNG CÁCH THẾ GIỚI) A VOCABULARY New words afford /əˈfɔːd/ (v) Meaning có khả chi trả, có điều kiện Picture Example I cannot afford to buy a house Tơi khơng có điều kiện để mua nhà bless cầu nguyện /bles/ (v) childcare /ˈtʃaɪldkeə(r)/ (n) We blessed their marriage Chúng chúc phúc cho nhân họ việc chăm sóc We are worried about childcare because we don't get our parents' help Chúng lo lắng việc chăm sóc chúng tơi khơng cha mẹ hỗ trợ compassion /kəmˈpỉʃn/ (n) lịng thương, lịng trắc ẩn I hope that he will show a little compassion Tôi hy vọng thể chút tình thương conflict xung đột /ˈkɒnflɪkt/ (n) There are sometimes some conflicts between parents and their children Đôi lúc cha mẹ nảy sinh xung đột conservative bảo thủ /kənˈsɜːvətɪv/ (adj) My grandparents tend to be more conservative and a bit suspicious of anything new Ông bà thường bảo thủ nghi ngờ curfew /ˈkɜːfjuː/ (n) elegant hạn thời gian nhà, lệnh giới nghiêm I'll be in trouble if I get home after curfew lịch, tao nhã Look! She is wearing a very elegant dress /ˈelɪɡənt/ (adj) flashy /ˈflæʃi/ (adj) diện, hào nhống Tơi gặp rắc rối nhà sau giới nghiêm Trơng kìa! Cơ mặc váy thật lịch My parents don't like me wearing flashy clothes Bố mẹ khơng thích tơi ăn frustrating /frʌˈstreɪtɪŋ/ (adj) generation gap gây khó chịu, bực khoảng cách hệ ə /dʒen.əˈreɪʃ n.ɡỉp/ (n, p) impose /ɪmˈpəʊz/ áp đặt lên (v) (+ on somebody) /mə trưởng thành, chín mature ˈtʃʊə(r)/ chắn multi-generational đa hệ, nhiều ˌdʒenə hệ /ˌmʌltiˈreɪʃənl/ (adj) norm chuẩn mực /nɔːm/ (n) objection /əbˈdʒekʃn/ (n) phản đối, phản kháng mặc hào nhoáng It is frustrating because my daughter doesn't listen to what I say Thật bực gái khơng chịu nghe lời tơi I think there is a generation gap between me and my parents Tơi nghĩ có khoảng cách hệ cha mẹ Many parents often impose their choices of career on their children without thinking about their children's preferences Nhiều bố mẹ thường áp đặt lựa chọn nghề nghiệp thay mà không suy nghĩ đến nguyện vọng Living far from home can help us become mature and independent Sống xa nhà giúp trở nên chín chắn tự lập The number of multigenerational households living under the same roof has increase in the USA over the past few years Số lượng hộ gia đình đa hệ chung sống có xu hướng gia tăng Hoa Kỳ vài năm qua Some people think some types of clothes that their children want to wear can break norms of society Một số người cho kiểu trang phục mà họ muốn mặc phá vỡ quy tắc chuẩn mực xã hội My father has an objection to me going out after ten o'clock open –minded thoáng, cởi mở /ˌəʊ.pənˈmaɪn.dɪd/ (adj) outweigh /ˌaʊtˈweɪ/ (v) pierce /pɪəs/ (v) prayer /preə(r)/ (n) pressure vượt hẳn, nhiều xâu khuyên (tai, mũi, ) lời cầu nguyện, lời thỉnh cầu áp lực, thúc bách /ˈpreʃə(r)/ (n) Cha phản đối việc chơi sau 10 đêm Because my mother is quite young, she is more openminded Bởi mẹ tơi trẻ, bà có suy nghĩ thống The advantages of living abroad outweigh the disadvantages Lợi ích việc sống nước ngồi nhiều bất lợi mà gây He has his ears pierced Anh bấm lỗ tai She always says her prayers before she goes to bed Cô luôn cầu nguyện trước ngủ Parents shouldn't put too much pressure on their children Cha mẹ không nên tạo nhiều áp lực cho privacy riêng tư /ˈprɪvəsi/ /ˈpraɪ.və.si/ (n) Living in an extended family with more than two generations can be uncomfortable because of the lack of space and privacy Sống đại gia đình nhiều hai hệ gây phiền tối thiếu khơng gian tính riêng tư relaxation /ˌriːlỉkˈseɪʃn/ (n) nghỉ ngơi, giải trí Listening to music is a form of relaxation for my daughter Nghe nhạc cách mà gái thư giãn respect tôn trọng /rɪˈspekt/ (n, v) Children should respect the elderly Trẻ nên tôn trọng người lớn tuổi skinny (of clothes) bó sát, ơm sát /ˈskɪni/ (adj) These trousers skinny are too Cái quần bó sát spit khạc nhổ /spɪt/ (v) stuff Don't spit on the floor! Đừng khạc nhổ xuống sàn! thứ, món, đồ /stʌf/ (n) They want me to wear more casual stuff like jeans and T-shirts Họ muốn mặc đồ bình dân quần bị áo phơng swear thề, chửi thề /sweə(r)/ (v) My parents forbid me to swear Cha mẹ cấm chửi thề taste thị hiếu /teɪst/ (n) The colour and style is a matter of personal taste Mỗi người có gu riêng màu sắc phong cách ăn mặc viewpoint quan điểm /ˈvjuːpɔɪnt/ (n) We have different viewpoints on the matter Chúng ta có quan điểm khác vấn đề B GRAMMAR MODALS Should – Ought to – Had better * Form: should/ ought to + V(bare -inf): nên làm Hình thức phủ định should should not (shouldn't); ought to ought not to (oughtn't) to; had better had better not Chúng ta dùng should, ought to để đưa ý kiến việc đưa lời khuyên cho (give our opinions about something or advice to somebody) Trong hầu hết trường hợp dùng ought to thay cho should E.g: You should/ ought to finish your homework before you go out Tuy nhiên có khác biệt nhỏ should ought to: - "Should" thường dùng muốn biểu đạt quan điểm, ý kiến cá nhân E.g: I think you should see him (Tôi nghĩ bạn nên gặp anh ta.) - "Ought to" thường dùng nói đến điều luật, nhiệm vụ, quy định E.g: They ought to follow the school's policy, or they will get expelled (Họ nên tuân theo sách trường học, họ bị đuổi khỏi trường.) - "Should" thường dùng câu hỏi "ought to", đặc biệt loại câu hỏi WHquestions E.g: What should I if I have any problems? (Tơi nên làm tơi gặp vấn đề?) - Should/ Ought to +have + PP: lẽ nên làm Diễn tả điều lẽ nên phải xảy khứ thực tế không xảy khứ lý E.g: I should have gone to the post office this morning (Lẽ sáng phải bưu điện.) ⇒ không Diễn tả đáng tiếc, hối hận không làm việc (express regret that something was not done) I failed the exam I should have studied harder (Tôi thi trượt Đáng lẽ nên chăm học hơn.) - Chúng ta dùng cụm was/were supposed to V để thay cho should have pp E.g: She was supposed to go/ should have gone to the party last night * Form: Had better + V: nên, tốt nên làm (Had better ='d better) - Had better: dùng cho lời khuyên, hay diễn đạt điều tốt nên làm Had better dùng lời khuyên vật việc, tình cụ thể, cịn lời khun chung nên sử dụng "ought to" "should" E.g: It's cold today You'd better wear a coat when you go out (Hôm trời lạnh Tốt bạn nên mặc áo khốc ngồi ⇒ tình đặc biệt) - Had better đặc biệt dùng để đưa lời khuyên mang tính cấp bách, cảnh báo đe dọa E.g: You had better be on time or you will be punished (Bạn nên không bạn bị trừng phạt.) Must- Have (Got) to "Must" "Have (got) to" có nghĩa "phải": để bắt buộc hay cần thiết phải làm việc (express obligation or the need to sth) E.g: I must/ have to go out now Must have (got) to dùng để thay cho chúng có khác nhau: - Must: mang tính chất cá nhân, để diễn tả bắt buộc đến từ người nói, cảm giác cá nhân (chủ quan) Người nói thấy việc cần thiết phải làm E.g: I really must give up smoking (Tôi thực phải bỏ thuốc.) - Have (got) to: khơng mang tính chất cá nhân, để diễn tả bắt buộc đến từ yếu tố ngoại cảnh bên luật lệ, quy định (sự bắt buộc mang tính khách quan- external obligation) E.g: You can't turn right here You have to turn left (because of the traffic system) Have got to ~ have to have got to thường dùng ngơn ngữ nói (informal) Have to I/you/we/they have to I/you/we/they don't have to Do I/you/we/they have to ? Have got to I/you/we/they have got to I/you/we/they haven't got to Have I/you/we/they got to ? Nếu have tỉnh lược 've phải có "got" E.g: They've got to be changed (không dùng They've to be changed) Trong khứ đơn, thường dùng "had to" "had got to" - Must dùng để nói tương lai, không dùng khứ Thay vào đó, ta phải dùng had to (have to dùng tất thì) E.g: I must go to school now I must go to school tomorrow /I will have to go to school tomorrow I had to go to school yesterday Nếu không chắn nên dùng từ thơng thường để "an tồn" ta nên dùng have - Must dùng để đưa suy luận dựa vào lập luận logic E.g: She must be upstairs We've looked everywhere else (Cô ta tầng Chúng tơi tìm nơi khác.) - Must + be/ feel + adj: để bày tỏ thấu hiểu cảm giác E.g: You must be tired after that trip (Bạn hẳn mệt sau chuyến đó.) Mustn't Don't have to Must not (mustn't) khác hoàn toàn với don't/ doesn't have to + Mustn't: khơng làm (chỉ cấm đốn) E.g: You mustn't tell the truth (Bạn khơng phép nói thật) + Don't have to = Don't need to: khơng cần làm gì, khơng phải làm (nhưng bạn làm bạn muốn) E.g: You don't have to get up early (Bạn không cần thức dậy sớm đâu.) - Must + have + PP: hẳn đã, Diễn tả suy đoán hay kết luận logic dựa vào thực tế khứ (to draw a conclusion about something happened in the past) E.g: Mary passed the exam with flying colors She must have studied hard (Mary thi đậu với kết cao Cô hẳn học chăm chỉ.) ⇒ Must + have been + Ving: hẳn lúc E.g: I didn't hear the doorbell I must have been gardening behind the house (Tôi không nghe thấy chuông cửa Chắc hẳn lúc làm vườn phía sau nhà.) ■ BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG CƠ BẢN Bài 1: Choose the best option in the bracket to complete the sentences Yesterday I (must/ mustn't/ had to) finish my English project He will (must/ have to/ has to) wait in line like everyone else We (must be/ mustn't / have to) on time for work We (have to not/ must/ mustn't) forget to take the chicken out of the freezer If you are under 15, you (have/ must/ mustn't) to get your parents' permission Your child may (have to/ had to/ must) try on a few different sizes The doctor (must/ mustn't/ have to) get here as soon as he can Do you (have to/ must/ mustn't) work next weekend? Bicyclists (mustn't/ must/ has to) remember to signal when they turn 10 Susan, you (mustn't/ must/ have to) leave your clothes all over the floor like this Bài 2: Choose the best answer (A, B, C or D) to complete the following sentences You use your mobile phone in the exam A oughtn't to B mustn't C don't have to D shouldn't My grandparents live in the suburb Therefore, whenever we visit them, we a bus A must take B should take We smoke on the bus C have to be taken D have to take A mustn't B can't C needn't D mightn't There are a lot of tickets left, so you pay for the tickets in advance A mustn't B won't C should D don't have to You eat plenty of fruit or vegetables every day because they are good for your health A oughtn't to B mustn't C don't have to D should You wash the car I had it done yesterday A mustn't B needn't C must D may not She is a good teacher; thus, I think you to ask her for some advice A oughtn't B must C have D ought It's a secret You let anyone know about it A mustn't B needn't C mightn't D may not Vietnamese school students nowadays wear uniform A have to B need to C should D could 10 We open the lion's cage It is contrary to zoo regulations A must B mustn't C needn't D should 11 When swimming in the pool, children be accompanied by their parents A should B must C don't have to D have to 12 If you want to maintain a good relationship, you behave impolitely like that A ought to not B ought not to C mustn't D don't have 13 This drink isn't beneficial for health You drink it too much A should B ought to not C ought not to D mustn't 14 This warning sign says that you step on the grass A shouldn't B mustn't C don't have to D ought not to 15 I think you exercise regularly in order to keep in shape A must B should C ought to D Both B and C are correct 16 My motorbike broke down yesterday, so I catch a taxi to school A should B ought C must D has better 17 You look exhausted You take a rest instead of working overtime A should B ought C must D has better 18 Those audiences show their tickets before entering the concert hall A have to B must C ought to D don't have to 19 The children spend too much time watching TV A mustn't B ought to not C shouldn't D Both B and c are correct 20 If you have a bad headache, you see the doctor A had better B must C ought D have better Bài 3: Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions (A) I will leave here early (B) because (C) I must (D) studying for my exam I (A) stayed up (B) late last night because I (C) mustn't go to school (D) on Sunday We (A) ought to not play football (B) as (C) it's raining (D) outside 4 You (A) mustn't (B) to drive a car (C) if you (D) don't have a driving licence If you (A) want some useful (B) advice, you (C) have better talk to your parents (D) about your problem Yesterday I (A) must (B) stay (C) at home (D) due to the bad storm Because of his (A) poverty, he (B) has to (C) struggling to (D) make ends meet (A) According to the rules (B) of this game, you (C) don't have to (D) drop the ball This competition is (A) optional, so we (B) not (C) have to take part in (D) it 10 My (A) advice is you (B) have to consider carefully (C) before (D) making the final decision Bài 4: Fill in the blanks with "must" or "have to" Professor Quang told me today that I give in that assignment by Friday at the latest Mark! This is a one way street You turn back and use Le Loi Street My back has been hurting for weeks I go to the doctor's My company said that if I want this promotion, I go to the doctor's for a thorough medical check-up first I went to see "Titanic" at the cinema last night What a great film! You go and see it! Linda, thanks for everything It was a great party I go now My husband is waiting for me outside I am taking out a bank loan this month I pay a lot of taxes all together The local council is really strict about protecting that piece of lawn! You walk around it! Bài 5: Fill in the blanks with affirmative or negative forms of "must or have to/ has to" You really stop driving so fast or you'll have an accident! I can give you my bike, so you buy a new one They be in a hurry, because they have got more than enough time I really remember to post that letter before five o'clock Tomorrow is Sunday You get up very early This room is a mess I really find time to clean it! You wear a tie if you want to go to that restaurant It's one of their rules! I am broke I borrow some money to buy a car You stop smoking It is very harmful 10 Mr Dickson is travelling abroad this summer, so he get his passport soon 11 All the students obey the school rules 12 You speak too loud, the baby is sleeping 13 Students look at their notes during the test 14 I have a terrible headache, so I leave early 15 Snow has blocked the roads We stay here until it's cleared Bài 6: Rewrite each sentence using the word(s) in the brackets I am not allowed to go out in the evening, (mustn't) ⇒ I It is a good idea for US to take an umbrella with US when we go out (should) ⇒ We It is necessary for young people to plan for their future, (have to) ⇒ Young people Ms Hoa is in charge of cleaning the floor every day (has to) ⇒ Ms Hoa Tim doesn't get permission to use that computer, (mustn't) ⇒ Tim Bài 7: Rewrite the following sentences using modals Smoking is not allowed in the hospital ⇒ You It isn't necessary for you to book the tickets ⇒ You You are not allowed to park here ⇒ You It is better for parents to take time to understand their children ⇒ Parents had If I were you, I would buy this house ⇒ You ■ BÀI TẬP TỔNG HỢP NÂNG CAO Bài 8: Choose the best option in the bracket to complete the sentences Look at my new mobile phone It (must / can) play movies! What's your new phone number? I (can't / mustn't) remember it Can you change my appointment? I'm busy so I (won't be able to / don't have to) come at eight o'clock tomorrow Jane (can / must) be in the office now I saw her go in minutes ago My wallet's gone! Someone (can / must) have stolen it! (You've got / You're allowed) to show your driving licence when you rent a car Take your time We (can't / don't have to) be there until seven We're late (We'd better/ We might) hurry up 9 You (couldn't / aren't allowed) to drive without a licence in the UK 10 Are you hungry? (I make/ I’ll make) something for you Bài 9: Choose the best answer (A, B, C or D) to complete the following sentences I have a look at those shoes, please? A Would B Should C Could D Must We pay for the tickets because my mother won them A didn't have to B couldn't C mustn't D hadn't to You really make such a fuss about the old clothes you are wearing! A won't B can't C mightn't D shouldn't C can D could I hope we find the cinema easily A should B might We couldn't find a hotel room so we sleep in the car A might B should C had to D could C have to D can We'd love to afford a trip to South America A will have to B be able to She could in the garage when we arrived That might be why she didn't hear the bell A work B be worked C have been working D be working You'll tell the police that your house was broken into A should B must C have to D had to Bài 10: Choose the best option to complete the sentences When we were at school we (ought to/ had to/ must) wear a uniform You (don't have to/ mustn't/ ought not to) be an expert to use the basic functions of program You (should/ must/'ve got) to tell her that you are her mother You (were supposed to/ had got to/ must) go to the meeting Why didn't you go? I (mustn't/ don't have to/ shouldn't) wear glasses I still can see perfectly well We went to bed right after dinner because we (had to/must/should) get up early the following day We (must/ can't/ should to) go for a drink one day You (hadn't to/ didn't have to/ shouldn't) take any money I have enough for both of us What are you doing? You (don't have to/ aren't supposed to/ ought not) be here! 10 We (shouldn't/ weren't allowed to/ mustn't) talk to each other because it was an exam Bài 11: Fill in the blanks with "couldn't/ have to/ might/ must/ ought to /shouldn't" It's very cold today Do you think it snow later? You leave your door unlocked when you go out They have filled the car with petrol before they set off You don't pick me up at the station I can get a taxi 5 This is impossible, it be a mistake! Tom have seen me because he walked past without saying "Hello" Bài 12: Fill in the blanks with "must/ might/ can't" Your mother be a great cook You are always so keen to get back home to eat! I don't know why I am so tired these days I be working too hard Or maybe I am not sleeping too well Do you know where Mike is? He be out - his car keys are on the table You seem to know everything about the theatre You go every week To give the promotion to David was silly He know much about this company after only a year working here Go and look in the kitchen for your gloves They be in there Oh, the phone is ringing Answer it It be Lisa She always rings at this time Bob has been drinking that whiskey since early this afternoon He be totally drunk by now That couple think much of this film They're leaving already - after only 20 minutes! 10 That's the second new car they have bought this year They be very rich! Bài 13: Fill in the blanks with "must/ can't/ could/ may/ might" There may be more than one correct answer for each question I'm sure she is here - I can see her car in front of the building She be here I can see her car in front of the building They're coming this week but I don't know which day They be coming tomorrow I'm not sure I'm going to pass the exam I don't feel very confident I pass the exam I don't feel very confident I've bought a lottery ticket There's a chance I'll become a millionaire! I become a millionaire! I'm sure she doesn't speak French very well - she's only lived in Paris for a few weeks She speak French very well She's only lived in Paris for a few weeks My key's not in my pocket or on my desk so I'm sure it's in the drawer My key's not in my pocket or on my desk so it be in the drawer Someone told me that Tim was in New York but I saw him yesterday so I'm sure he's not abroad Tim be abroad You got the job? That's great I'm sure you're delighted You got the job? That's great You be delighted They told me to prepare the project by tomorrow but it's almost impossible to have it done so fast I finish it by tomorrow if I stay at work all night, but I'm not sure 10 I asked them to send the goods as soon as possible; we receive them by the end of the week if the post is fast Bài 14: Choose one of the following to complete the sentences must have might have should have can't have Tom gone on holiday I saw him in the company this morning Nobody answered the phone at the clinic It closed early I revised more for my exams I think I'll fail! Alex looks really pleased with herself She passed her driving test this morning I can't believe Mike hasn't arrived yet He caught the wrong train His number was busy all night - he been on the phone continuously for hours It been Tim I saw at the party He didn't recognise me at all Bài 15: Use "could (n't) have/ should(n't) have/ must(n't) have" to complete the sentence Your house looks very nice You spent a lot of time painting it John went running in the rain He gotten sick It was so dark that he fell down the stairs He fixed the light Daisy gone by bus Why did she walk? I called him but nobody answered He gone out You cleaned the floor It looks so clean Nam stolen the car He was with me all the time My bicycle is broken I ridden it down the stairs Tom looks happy I think he gotten a new job 10 The chocolate cake is all gone! Someone eaten it  ... harmful 10 Mr Dickson is travelling abroad this summer, so he get his passport soon 11 All the students obey the school rules 12 You speak too loud, the baby is sleeping 13 Students... uniform A have to B need to C should D could 10 We open the lion's cage It is contrary to zoo regulations A must B mustn't C needn't D should 11 When swimming in the pool, children be... /frʌˈstreɪtɪŋ/ (adj) generation gap gây khó chịu, bực khoảng cách hệ ə /dʒen.əˈreɪʃ n.ɡæp/ (n, p) impose /ɪmˈpəʊz/ áp đặt lên (v) (+ on somebody) /mə trưởng thành, chín mature ˈtʃʊə(r)/ chắn multi-generational