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UNIT 3: MUSIC A VOCABULARY Or New words and Meaning ability/ə.ˈbɪ.lə.ti/(n) - I have some douts about her ability to the job khả - Tôi nghi ngờ khả làm việc cô ta - It was a great achievement for such a young singer - Đó thành tựu lớn ca sĩ trẻ - The show is expected to air for the first time next month - Chương trình mong đợi lên sóng lần vào tháng tới - The singer's biography can be easily found on the Internet - Tiểu sử ca sĩ dễ dàng tìm thấy mạng - He won second place in the singing contest last year - Anh giành giải Nhì thi ca hát vào năm ngối - The contestants are practicing very hard for the show tonight - Các thí sinh luyện tập chăm cho buổi biểu diễn tối - My idol has conquered a national music contest - Thần tượng chiến thắng thi âm nhạc cấp quốc gia achievement /əˈtʃiːvmənt/ (n.) thành tựu, thành tích, thành air /eə(r)/(v): phát thanh/ hình biography /baɪˈɒɡrəfi/ (n): tiểu sử contest /ˈkɒntest/ (n): thi contestant /kənˈtestənt/ (n.) thí sinh conquer /ˈkɒŋkə(r)/ (v.) chinh phục, chiến thắng dangdut /dangdut/ (n): loại nhạc dân gian Inđơ-nê-xi-a debut album /ˈdeɪbjuː - ˈỉlbəm/ (np) tập nhạc tuyển đầu tay 10 11 12 Example exceptional / ɪk.ˈsep.ʃnn̩əl/ (adj) - Dangdut is a kind of Indonesian popular music - Dangdut loại nhạc thịnh hành Indonesia - The female singer's debut album has been a great success - Album đầu tay nữ ca sĩ thành công rực rỡ - At his age of four he showed his exceptional talent khác thường, có - Năm lên bốn tuổi, anh thể tài đặc biệt fan /fỉn/ (n) - He received letters from fans người hâm mộ - Anh nhận thư từ người hâm mộ idol /ˈaɪdl/ (n): - He is my idol thần tượng 13 inspirational /ˌɪnspəˈreɪʃənl/ (adj.) - Anh thần tượng - He gave an inspirational speech yesterday - Hôm qua có phát biểu đầy cảm 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 truyền cảm hứng hứng modest / ˈmɒ.dɪst /(adj) - He is very modest about his achievements khiêm tốn, giản dị - Anh khiêm tốn thành tựu nominate / ˈnɒ.mɪ.neɪt/ (v) - He was nominated as best actor đề cử, định - Anh đề cử diễn viên xuất sắc judge /dʒʌdʒ/ (n) - The judges' decision is final ban giám khảo - Quyết định ban giám khảo định cuối passionate / ˈpæ.ʃə.nət / (adj) - He has a passionate interest in music đam mê pop /pɒp/ (n) - Anh có niềm đam mê âm nhạc - Interestingly, the song has quickly become a phenomenon among the young - Thật thú vị ca khúc nhanh chóng trở thành tượng với giới trẻ - I like pop music nhạc bình dân, nhạc trẻ - Tơi thích nhạc pop prize / praɪz/ (n) - My sister won the first prize in the singing contest giải thưởng - Chị gái giành giải thi hát rhythm / ˈrɪ.ðəm/ (n) - I like music with a slow rhythm nhịp điệu - Tơi thích âm nhạc với nhịp điệu chậm talented/ ˈtæ.lən.tɪd/(adj) - He is a talented young musician tài - Anh nhạc sĩ trẻ tài phenomenon /fəˈnɒmɪnən/ (n) tượng B GRAMMAR I TO-INFINITIVE AND BARE INFINITIVE (ĐỘNG TỪ NGUYÊN MẪU CĨ TO VÀ KHƠNG CĨ TO) Infinitives with "to" (Động từ nguyên mẫu có “to”) Động từ nguyên mẫu có “to” dùng để: - Làm chủ ngữ câu E.g: To become a teacher is her dream ( Trở thành giáo viên giấc mơ cô ấy) - Làm tân ngữ động từ E.g: It's raining, so she decides to bring an umbrella (Trời mưa, nên cô định mang theo ô.) - Làm tân ngữ tính từ E.g: I'm glad to see you here (Tôi vui thấy bạn đây.) - Chỉ mục đích: E.g: Is there anything to eat? (Có để ăn ko?) - Dùng sau từ để hỏi "wh-": who, what, when, how thường không dùng sau "why" E.g: I don't know what to (Tơi khơng biết phải làm gì.) - Đứng sau từ 'the first': "the second': "the last, "the only" E.g: Nam is the first person in my class to receive the scholarship (Nam người lớp nhận học bổng) - Đứng trước cấu trúc: a It takes/took + O + thời gian + to + V-inf (Ai để ) E.g: It took me weeks to find a suitable job (Tơi tuần để tìm cơng việc phù hợp.) b S + be + adj + to V-inf E.g: It's interesting to play volleyball together (Thật thú vị chơi bóng chuyền nhau.) c S + V + too +adj/adv + to + Vela (quá để ) E.g: It's too late to say goodbye (Đã trễ để nói lời tạm biệt.) d S + V + adj/adv + enough + to + V-inf (đủ để ) E.g: He speaks English well enough to communicate with foreigners (Anh nói tiếng Anh đủ tốt để giao tiếp với người nước ngoài.) e I + think/ thought/ believe/ find + it + adj + to + V-inf (tôi nghĩ để ) E.g: I find it difficult to learn to play the piano (Tơi thấy khó học chơi piano.) - Dùng sau số động từ Ta thêm "not" trước cụm "to +V-inf" để nghĩa phủ định: afford, agree, appear, arrange, attempt, begin, care, choose, consent, determine, happen, hesitate, hope, intend, pretend, propose, promise, refuse, love, offer, start, swear, E.g: All citizens agree to build a water park at the center of the city (Tất công dân đồng ý xây dựng công viên nước trung tâm thành phố.) - Dùng sau số động từ có tân ngữ kèm: ask, advise, allow, bear, cause, encourage, expect, forbid, force, get, hate, compel, intend, order, permit, like, invite, request, tell, trouble, want, prefer, warn, wish, teach Form: S + V + + to + V-inf E.g: The doctor advises me to eat more vegetables (Bác sĩ khuyên nên ăn nhiều rau xanh.) - Dùng sau số tính từ cảm xúc người: able, unable, delighted, proud, ashamed, afraid, glad, anxious, surprised, pleased, easy, amused, annoyed, happy, ready E.g: Tam is able to speak Spanish fluently (Tâm nói tiếng Tây Ban Nha trơi chảy.) Bare infinitives/ Infinitives without “to” (Động từ nguyên mẫu "to") Chúng ta sử dụng động từ nguyên mẫu khơng có "to" khi: - Đứng sau động từ khuyết thiếu: can, could, should, may, might, will, shall, would, must E.g: This child can sing a folk song in German (Đứa trẻ hát hát dân gian tiếng Đức.) - Đứng sau "had better","would rather/sooner" hay "rather than" E.g: You'd better study harder in order to pass the exam (Bạn nên học tập chăm để vượt qua kỳ thi.) - Đứng sau "make': "let" Make/ Let + O + V (bare -inf) E.g: Anna let her daughters play outside (Anna để gái chơi bên ngoài.) - Đứng sau động từ tri giác, thể hành động hoàn tất biết toàn việc xảy ra: hear, smell, watch, notice, feel E.g: I heard someone scream at midnight (Tơi nghe hét vào lúc nửa đêm.) BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG CƠ BẢN Bài 1: Put the verbs into the correct form (infinitive with or without to) I can speak English We have to _our homework You must stay _ at home I will help you He cannot see _us My little sister learns to speak _ English We want to go to the cinema You should ask _ your parents I'd like to have a dog 10 May I come in? Bài 2: Rewrite the following sentences using an infinitive Example: - It is no use trying to convince her of this - It is no use for us to try to convince her of this It won't be any good talking to her about it It won't be any good for me to talk to her about it It wouldn't be much good complaining to the minister about it It wouldn't be much good for us to complain to the minister about it It is no fun having so many children to look after It is no fun for me to have so many children to look after Will it be any good my seeing the boss about it? Will it be any good for me to see the boss about it? It is just silly throwing away your chances like that It is just silly for you to throw away your chances like that Bài 3: Match the words in the column A with the words in the column B to make a meaningful sentence A e-1 My teacher forces me B a chores around her house c-2 Kate encourages others b to the dishes after dinner f-3 Kelly can't get her suitcase c to try new things with her d-4 John's brother had his friend d help him with his homework a-5 I always help my grandmother e to my homework b-6 Mark hates it when his mom tells him f to close properly Bài 4: Put the verbs into the correct form Could you please stop (make) making (stop Ving: ngừng làm gì) so much noise? He refused (lend) to lend (refuse to V: từ chối làm gì) me any money Don't let him (try) try (let Smb V: để làm gì) this dangerous game! I don't enjoy (write) writing (enjoy V-ing: thích làm gì) letters Miss Smith was very strict No one dared (talk) to talk/ talk (dare to V/ V bare-inf: dám làm gì) during her lessons I've arranged (play) to play (arrange to V: xếp làm gì) tennis tomorrow afternoon Tom made Mary (cry) cry (make Smb V: khiến làm gì) yesterday Have you finished (wash) Washing (finish Ving: hoàn thành việc gì) your hair yet? Sally offered (look) to look (offer to V: đề nghị giúp làm gì) after our children while we were out 10 He admitted (steal) stealing (admit V-ing: thừa nhận làm gì) our car 11 She doesn't want (go) to go (want to V: muốn làm gì) home now 12 We are not allowed (talk) to talk (be allowed to V: phép làm gì) in the library 13 Would you mind (answer) answering (mind V-ing: phiền làm gì) me some questions? 14 They watched their children (play) play/ playing (watch Smb V/ Ving: xem làm gì) football 15 He begged her ( not/tell) not to tell (beg Smb (not) to V: cầu xin/ khẩn cầu (khơng) làm gì) his mother Bài 5: Choose the correct answer in the bracket My teacher (made / convinced) me to practice for two hours every night Are you sure I can't (convince / make) you to come with us? Sometimes late at night, my mother (gets / lets) me go out Emily and Daisy are always (having / persuading) us to go shopping with them My teacher is going to (get / have) me take a special math class next month Even though Mike doesn't like it, his father always (forces / has) him to go to music lessons after school Bài 6: Rearrange the jumbled words to make sentences to / that / again / for me / would be / It / awful It would be awful for me to that again 2 ten years / the championship / to win / took / the team / It It took the team ten years to win the championship dollars / lunch / to buy / It / four / costs It costs four dollars to buy lunch information / allows / to get /The Internet / us / anywhere / from The Internet allows us to get information from anywhere me / to give / my teacher / less / My mother / persuaded / homework My mother persuaded my teacher to give me less homework Bài 7: Complete the passage with words from the box wake up seems try excited home in the middle My daily life seems to be pretty boring Every day, I go to school to listen to my teachers talk about the same thing After school, I get excited to meet my friends so we can go play soccer I then go home to eat dinner After that I try to finish my homework, but I usually stop in the middle to take a nap I then wake up to finish my homework before going back to sleep for the night II COMPOUND SENTENCES (CÂU GHÉP) Định nghĩa: Câu ghép câu chứa từ mệnh đề độc lập trở lên, diễn tả ý có tầm quan trọng ngang Hay nói cách khác, câu ghép thành lập câu đơn nối với liên từ Conjuntions: liên từ dùng câu ghép là: • F= for • A= and • N= nor • B= but • O= or • Y= yet • S= so Cách ghi nhớ: FANBOYS E.g: I stayed at home during my holiday, for I had to work (Tơi nhà kỳ nghỉ, phải làm việc.) Tim likes playing football, and he enjoys cooking (Tim thích chơi bóng đá anh thích nấu ăn.) He didn't go to school, nor did he stay at home (Anh ta không học, không nhà.) Sue studied hard, but she didn't pass the exam (Sue học chăm chỉ, cô không vượt qua kỳ thi.) We will go shopping, or we will go to the cinema (Chúng mua sắm, xem phim.) Jane did very well on her job interview, yet she didn't get the job (Jane làm tốt vấn việc làm mình, khơng nhận công việc.) She needed to buy something, so she decided to go shopping (Cơ cần mua thứ đó, định mua sắm.) Cách thành lập câu ghép Cách 1: IC + (,)+ CC + IC CC: coordinating conjunction/ coordinator: liên từ đẳng lập; IC: independent clause: mệnh đề độc lập E.g: I was ill yesterday, so I stayed at home (so liên từ đẳng lập) Cách 2: IC + (;) + IC Chúng ta sử dụng dấu chấm phẩy (semicolon) để liên kết mệnh đề câu ghép mệnh đề có liên quan chặt chẽ đến mặt ý nghĩa) E.g: Lan was very hungry this morning; she ate a lot BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG Bài 8: Decide if each sentence is a simple sentence or a compound sentence He had been horseback riding before (simple) Mark felt a little nervous on a horse, but he would never admit it (compound) He discovered that riding was a lot of fun, and he couldn't wait to tell his friends about it (compound) There don't seem to be many bears in the national park this year (simple) Suddenly, she pointed out the car window towards some trees (simple) Bài 9: Choose the best answer to complete the sentence The ducklings are dark, (but/ or) the adult ducks are white The ducklings were playing (but/ or) they were learning, too The ducklings ate a lot, (but/ and) they grew fast I brought bread with me, (but/ and) I fed the ducks Maybe they knew me, (and/ or) maybe they just liked the food I fed them Bài 10: Use FANBOYS (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so) to write one compound sentence using the two simple sentences Mark drove to visit his friend They went out for dinner - Show a sequence of events Mark drove to visit his friend, and they went out for dinner Linda thinks she should go to school She wants to get qualifications for a new profession - Provide a reason Linda thinks she should go to school, for she wants to get qualifications for a new profession David invested a lot of money in the business The business went bankrupt - Show an unexpected result David invested a lot of money in the business, but the business went bankrupt John didn't understand the homework assignment He asked the teacher for help - Show an action taken based on a reason John didn't understand the homework assignment, so he asked the teacher for help The students didn't prepare for the test.They didn't realize how important the test was - Give a reason The students didn't prepare for the test, nor did they realize how important the test was Sue thinks she should stay home and relax She also thinks she should go on vacation - Show additional information Sue thinks she should stay home and relax, or she should go on vacation The doctors looked at the x-rays They decided to operate on the patient - Show an action taken based on a reason The doctors looked at the x-rays, so they decided to operate on the patient We went out on the town We came home late - Show a sequence of events We went out on the town, and we came home late Tim flew to London to visit his Uncle He also wanted to visit the National Museum - Show addition Tim flew to London to visit his Uncle, and he wanted to visit the National Museum 10 It is sunny It is very cold - Show a contrast 10 It is sunny, but it is very cold BÀI TẬP TỔNG HỢP NÂNG CAO Bài 11: Choose the correct answer in the bracket I can't imagine Lucy (going/ to go) by bike going (imagine Ving) He agreed (buy/ to buy) a new car to buy (agree to V) It is easy (answer/ to answer) this question to answer (be adj to V) The man asked me how (getting/ to get) to the airport to get (how to V) I look forward to (see/ seeing) you at the weekend seeing (look forward to Ving) Are you thinking of (visit/ visiting) London? visiting (giới từ + Ving) We decided (run/ to run) through the forest to run (decide to V) The teacher expected Linda (study/ to study) hard to study (expect Smb to V) She doesn't mind (working/ to work) the night shift working (mind Ving) 10 I learned (riding/ to ride) the bike at the age of to ride (learn to V) Bài 12: Choose the best answer to complete the sentence It was very dangerous We couldn't risk _her alone A leave B leaving C to leave D left C repairing D repair C to stay D stayed I had the roof _yesterday A to repair B repaired We let our son _ up late at weekends A staying B stay The children were eager _ their parents A to see B see C seeing D saw C stayed D stay He'd rather _ at home A to stay B staying Nam is very humorous His joke makes me _a lot A laugh B to laugh C laughing D laughed C to signing D signed They saw him _the agreement A sign B to sign It's necessary for her _back home before 10 p.m A coming B come C came D to come They would _ go to Ho Chi Minh City by plane than travel by train A like B rather C prefer D better 10.The boss allows _home A us to stay B us stay C us staying D us to staying Bài 13: Put the verbs into the correct form I can't think of (go) going to visit her in hospital without (buy) buying some flowers - (giới từ + Ving) Don't hesitate (ask) to ask me if you have any questions 2, (Hesitate + to V: dự, ngập ngừng làm gì) It was very kind of you (show) to show me the way to the post office 3, (It + be + adj (kind/ helpful/ good,' ) of smb to smt) I am looking forward to (see) seeing him again (Look forward to Ving: mong đợi/mong chờ làm gì) I intend (study) to study English to understand the cultures of foreign countries 5, (Intend to V: ý định làm gì) She still plans on (marry) marrying him even after he refused (buy) to buy engagement ring - (giới từ + Ving; Refuse -4- to V: từ chối làm gì) I cannot resist (eat) eating fish when I am in England (Can't resist +Ving: khơng thể cưỡng lại làm gì) She enjoys (go) going to parties and (dance) dancing all the night long - (Enjoy +Ving: thích làm gì) her an I stopped (live) living in London when I realized it was time for me (move) to move - (Stop +Ving: ngừng làm ; It + be + time +for O + toV đến lúc làm gì) 10 Don't forget (turn) to turn off the light before you leave the house 10 (Forget + to V: quên làm gì) Bài 14: Use fanboys (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so) to write one compound sentence using the two simple sentences I have studied French for many years As a result, my French-speaking friends can chat easily with me now I have studied French for many years, so my French-speaking friends can chat easily with me now You are quite intelligent However, you don't think before you act You are quite intelligent, but you don't think before you act My friends Jane and Jennifer have just moved into a new home.They've made many changes in its appearance My friends Jane and Jennifer have just moved into a new home, and they've made many changes in its appearance Sue could study music next year She could study drama instead Sue could study music next year, or she could study drama (instead) Tom watches the news Bill makes news Tom watches the news, but Bill makes news UNIT 4: FOR A BETTER COMMUNITY A VOCABULARY Or 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 New words and Meaning Example - I saw your advertisement in the Youth Newspaper advertisement /ədˈvɜːtɪsmənt/ (n): yesterday quảng cáo, rao vặt - Tôi thấy quảng cáo bạn tờ Thanh Niên hôm qua announcement /əˈnaʊnsmənt/ (n): - This announcement is very important thông báo - Thông báo quan trọng - When I saw the job advertisement on the Internet, I apply /əˈplaɪ/(v): applied and was chosen nộp đơn xin việc - Khi thấy quảng cáo việc làm Internet, nộp đơn chọn balance /ˈbæləns/ (v): - I try to balance work and family commitments làm cho cân - Tôi cố gắng cân cam kết cơng việc gia đình benefit /ˈbenɪfɪt/ (n.) - Doing volunteer work has a lot of benefits lợi ích - Làm tình nguyện có nhiều lợi ích - Many young people are concerned about community concerned /kənˈsɜːnd/ (a): problems lo lắng, quan tâm - Nhiều người trẻ quan tâm đến vấn đề cộng đồng - He is a creative designer creative /kriˈeɪtɪv/ (a): sáng tạo - Anh nhà thiết kế sáng tạo dedicated /ˈdedɪkeɪtɪd/ (a): - She is the most dedicated doctor in our hospital tận tâm, tận tụy - Cô bác sĩ tận tụy bệnh viện - He made a great contribution to the development of our development /dɪˈveləpmənt/ (n): country phát triển - Ơng có đóng góp to lớn cho phát triển đất nước - A new educational program has been set up to help disadvantaged ˌdɪsədˈvɑːntɪdʒd/(a) disadvantaged children thiệt thịi - Một chương trình giáo dục thiết lập để giúp trẻ em thiệt thòi - A young businessman donated a lot of money to the donate /dəʊˈneɪt/ (v): charity cho, tặng, quyên góp - Một doanh nhân trẻ quyên góp nhiều tiền cho tổ chức từ thiện excited /ɪkˈsaɪtɪd/(a): - He is getting excited about his holiday phấn khởi, phấn khích - Anh phấn khích kỳ nghỉ experience /ɪkˈspɪəriəns/(n.) - Do you have any experience in teaching children? kinh nghiệm - Bạn có kinh nghiệm dạy trẻ không? - Schools and hospitals are necessary facilities facility /fəˈsɪləti/(n.) - Trường học bệnh viện sở vật chất cần sở vật chất, trang thiết bị thiết fortunate /ˈfɔːtʃənət/ (a): may mắn handicapped /ˈhændikæpt/ (a): tàn tật, khuyết tật helpful /ˈhelpfl/(adj.) hữu ích, nhiệt tình - He's very fortunate to have found such a nice house - Anh may mắn tìm ngơi nhà đẹp - We should help handicapped children - Chúng ta nên giúp trẻ em khuyết tật - The host family was very helpful - Gia đình chủ nhà nhiệt tình 18 helpless /ˈhelpləs/(adj.) bất lực, vơ vọng 19 invalid /ɪnˈvỉlɪd/ (n): người tàn tật, người khuyết tật, thương binh 20 martyr /ˈmɑːtə(r)/ (n): liệt sỹ 21 meaningful /ˈmiːnɪŋfl/ (a): có ý nghĩa 22 narrow-minded /ˈnỉrəʊ ˈmaɪndɪd/ (adj.) hẹp hịi, nhỏ nhen, nông cạn 23 24 25 26 non-profit /nɒn ˈprɒfɪt/(adj.) phi lợi nhuận obvious /ˈɒbviəs/ (a): rõ ràng, hiển nhiên passionate /ˈpỉʃənət/(adj.) đam mê, nồng nhiệt patient /ˈpeɪʃnt/ (a): kiên trì, kiên nhẫn 27 position /pəˈzɪʃn/(n.) vị trí 28 priority /praɪˈɒrəti/ (n.) ưu tiên 29 remote area /rɪˈməʊt ˈeəriə/(n phr.) vùng sâu vùng xa 30 volunteer /ˌvɒlənˈtɪə(r)/(v.) tình nguyện - They are helpless victims of war - Họ nạn nhân bất lực chiến tranh - War invalids and the families of martyrs should be helped a lot - Thương binh gia đình liệt sĩ cần giúp đỡ nhiều - There are many volunteer activities such as helping old people and taking care of the families of martyrs - Có nhiều hoạt động tình nguyện giúp đỡ người già chăm sóc gia đình liệt sĩ - His job is very meaningful - Công việc anh có ý nghĩa - He had been narrow-minded before he took this volunteer trip - Cậu người nông cạn trước tham gia chuyến tình nguyện - We are a non-profit charity organisation - Chúng tổ chức từ thiện phi lợi nhuận - It's obvious that my sister doesn't like him - Rõ ràng em gái khơng thích anh - I am a passionate and creative person Tôi người giàu đam mê sáng tạo - Be patient with her - she's very young Hãy kiên nhẫn với cô - cô trẻ - I'm writing to apply for the position of a volunteer guide Tôi viết thư để ứng tuyển vị trí hướng dẫn viên tình nguyện - Protecting the environment is our top priority Bảo vệ môi trường ưu tiên hàng đầu - Our program aims at helping poor households in this remote area Chương trình chúng tơi nhằm vào việc giúp đỡ hộ nghèo vùng sâu vùng xa - A group of students volunteer to clean this area every Saturday Một nhóm học sinh tình nguyện dọn dẹp khu vực vào thứ Bảy hàng tuần B GRAMMAR I THE PAST SIMPLE TENSE (THÌ QUÁ KHỨ ĐƠN) Cấu trúc (Form) Affirmative Negative S + V (past) (+ O) S + did not/ didn't + V(bare-inf) (+ O) They went to the They didn't go to the cinema last night cinema last night Interrogative Did + S + V(bare-inf) (+ O)? Did they go to the cinema last night? Cách dùng (Use) - Diễn tả hành động xảy kết thúc thời điểm khứ (finished actions or events) E.g: I saw him at the airport yesterday (Tôi thấy sân bay ngày hôm qua.) My aunt sent me a letter two days ago (Dì tơi gửi thư cho tơi hai ngày trước.) - Diễn tả hành động lặp lặp lại khứ (repeated actions) E.g: I played soccer three times a week when I was at school (Tơi chơi bóng đá ba lần tuần tơi trường) She went to Paris twice last year (Cơ đến Paris hai lần vào năm ngối.) - Diễn tả thói quen khứ (past habits) E.g: She visited her parents every Sunday (Cô đến thăm cha mẹ cô chủ nhật.) We often went swimming every afternoon (Chúng thường bơi buổi chiều.) - Diễn tả tình trạng hay tình khứ E.g: Did you have a car when you were young? - Diễn tả chuỗi hành động xảy liên tiếp (sequences of actions) E.g: He ran to the car, jumped in and raced off into the night Các cụm từ thời gian (Time phrases) Một số cụm từ thời gian thường dùng khứ đơn: yesterday, last night/week/month/ year, etc., two days/ weeks/months, etc ago, in 2000, at that moment, then, suddenly, when Quy tắc thêm "ed" vào sau động từ *) Đối với động từ có quy tắc - Thơng thường ta thêm "ed" vào sau động từ E.g: wash —> washed return —> returned remember —> remembered Tuy nhiên, cần lưu ý số điểm sau thêm “ed”: + Nếu động từ tận "e" ta cần thêm "d" E.g: like —> liked love > loved decide —> decided + Nếu động từ có âm tiết tận phụ âm mà trước phụ âm ngun âm ta gấp đơi phụ âm cuối thêm "-ed” E.g: stop —> stopped Note: commit —> committed tap —> tapped prefer —> preferred (Động từ có âm tiết trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ 2) - Nếu động từ tận "y" mà trước y nguyên âm (u, e, o, a, i) ta thêm "ed" E.g: play —> played stay —> stayed - Nếu động từ tận "y" mà trước y phụ âm ta đổi "y" thành "i” thêm “ed" E.g: study —> studied cry —> cried *) Đối với động từ bất quy tắc Với động từ bất quy tắc, động từ biến đổi hình thức thành dạng khứ cột Bảng động từ Bất quy tắc Tiếng Anh (V2) E.g: go —> went; say —> said; —> did; forget —> forgot; buy —> bought Quy tắc phát âm động từ có "ed" - Khi động từ có tận phụ âm /t/ /d/ ta phát âm /id/ E.g: Wanted / ˈwɒn.tɪd /; Needed /ˈniː.dɪd/ - Khi động từ có tận phụ âm vô /p/, /f/, /k/, /s/, /.1"/, /tf/ ta phát âm /t/ E.g: Stopped / stɒpt /: Laughed / lɑːft /; Cooked / kʊkt /; Watched / wɒtʃt / - Khi động từ có tận phụ âm ngun âm cịn lại ta phát âm /d/ E.g: Played / ˈpleɪd/ ; Opened /ˈəʊ.pənd/ BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG CƠ BẢN Bài 1: Write the past forms of the irregular verbs Infinitive Simple past Infinitive Simple past Meet met Stand stood Drive drove Run ran Speak spoke Feel felt Put put Cost cost Write wrote Catch caught Sing sang Feed fed Do did Forget forgot Sit sat Bài 2: Put the verbs into the simple past tense Last year she (go)_ went to Da Nang City on holiday It (be) was terrible I (visit) visited lots of beautiful places I (be) was with two friends of mine In the mornings they (walk) walked in the streets of Hanoi In the evenings we (go) went to the cinema The weather (be) was strangely fine It (not / rain) didn't rain/ did not rain a lot 8 We (see) saw some beautiful rainbows Where (you/ spend) did you spend your last holiday? 10 It was sunny, so I (take) took off my coat 11 The film wasn't good I (not enjoy) didn't enjoy/ did not enjoy it very much 12 I knew Sally was very busy, so I (not disturb) didn't disturb/ did not disturb her 13 My father was very tired, so he (come) came back home early 14 The bed wasn't comfortable I (not sleep) didn't sleep/ did not sleep very well 15 My sister wasn't hungry, so she (not eat) didn't eat/ did not eat anything 16 We went to our parents' house but they (not be) weren't/ were not at home 17 It was a funny story but nobody (laugh) laughed 18 The window was open and a bird (fly) flew into my room 19 My husband was in a hurry, so he (not have) didn't have/ did not have time to phone you 20 The bags (be) were very heavy Bài 3: Make questions for the underlined part of the sentence She clicked the mouse button What did she click? Mr David robbed a bank Who robbed a bank? The house was built five years ago What was built five years ago? The students respected their teacher Who did the students respect? They welcomed the new student warmly How did they welcome the new student? Bài 4: Complete the sentence with the verbs in the box Put the verbs into past simple tense buy drink sell throw catch fall spend win cost hurt teach write Mozart wrote more than 600 pieces of music My mother_ taught _me to learn to ride a bike They couldn't afford to keep their car, so they sold it I_ drank the water very fast because I was very thirsty Tom and I played badminton yesterday He is much better than me, so he won easily John fell down the stairs last night and hurt his leg Tim threw the ball to his sister, who caught it Mary spent a lot of money this morning She bought a dress It cost 50 dollars Bài 5: Fill in the blank with ONE suitable word from the box in the past simple tense go get start break stay buy spend find want see have leave Two years ago we (1)_ had a holiday in Scotland We (2) drove there from London, but our car (3) broke down on the motorway and we (4) spent the first night in Birmingham When we (5) got to Edinburgh we couldn't find a good hotel - they were all full We didn't know what to do, but in the end we (6) found a bed and breakfast and (7) stayed there for the week We (8) saw the castle, went to the Arts Festival, and we (9) bought a lot of souvenirs We (10) wanted to go to Loch Ness but we didn't have much time and it was quite far away The weather was good, but it (11) _ started the day we (12) left Bài 6: Fill in the blank with only ONE suitable word from the box in the correct form be (x2) watch have ago start eat go yesterday decide want study last have not be sleep 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Tom went to library for his physics homework assignment (1 last Saturday He (2) studied physics all day He (3) went/got out of the library at o'clock Then, he got on a bus to go home He met one of his old friends on the bus He didn't (4) want to go home directly They (5) went to a cafe together He (6) had/spent really great time with him He got home at six The dinner (7) wasn't ready so he (8) watched TV For dinner, he ate spaghetti and salad, but he didn't (9) eat/have the delicious dessert He (10) was on diet He went to his bedroom and (11) started _listening to some music He finished his book three days (12) ago and he bought a new book (13) yesterday However, he didn't feel like reading it He (14) was really tired, and (15) decided/wanted to go to bed early He (16) slept all night and finished the day II THE PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE (Thì khứ tiếp diễn) Cấu trúc (Form) Affirmative Negative Interrogative S + was/ were + V-ing (+O) S + was/ were + not + V-ing (+O) Was/ Were + S +V-ing (+O)? My brother was reading books at this time last night My brother wasn't reading books at this time last night Was your brother reading books at this time last night? Cách dùng (Use) - Diễn tả hành động diễn thời điểm cụ thể khứ (actions in progress at a point of time in the past) E.g: At o'clock yesterday, I was doing the homework (Vào ngày hôm qua, làm tập nhà) - Diễn tả hành động diễn khoảng thời gian khứ (actions in progress over a period of time) E.g: My husband was working hard all day (Chồng làm việc chăm ngày.) *) Note: Các cụm từ thời gian như: all day, all the morning, thường dùng trường hợp - Diễn tả tình huống/ việc tạm thời diễn khứ (temporary or changing situations in the past) E.g: At the time, I was working for a bank in this city (a temporary situation) I was becoming bored with the job, so I decided to change (a changing situation) - Diễn tả hành động diễn hành động khác xen vào khứ (an action was in progress when another action happened/ interrupted it) E.g: We were having dinner when someone knocked at/on the door (Chúng tơi ăn tối gõ cửa / vào cửa ) - Diễn tả hai hay nhiều hành động đồng thời xảy khứ (two or more actions in progress at the same time in the past) E.g: While I was cooking dinner, my husband was playing computer games (Trong nấu bữa tối, chồng tơi chơi trị chơi điện tử.) *) Note: Chúng ta khơng thường dùng q khứ tiếp diễn động từ tình trạng, sở hữu, cảm xúc, tri giác như: be, cost, belong, own, have, feel, hear, hate, like, etc Các cụm từ thời gian (Time phrases) Các cụm từ thời gian thường sử dụng như: while, as, when, meanwhile, at that time, all the morning/ afternoon/ day, etc BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG Bài 7: Write the - ing form of the following verbs Infinitive V- ing Share sharing Tidy tidying Shut shutting Dial dialling Lie lying Bài 8: Write sentences in the past continuous tense the snowman / melt / in the sun The snowman was melting in the sun they / explore / a new territory They were exploring a new territory the boss/ print out / a document The boss was printing out a document the boy/ not / concentrate / on the task The boy was not concentrating on the task Michael/ not / practise / on the piano Michael was not practising on the piano Bài 9: Make questions for the underlined part of the sentence At six o'clock, Mike was reading the document What time was Mike reading the document? Sarah was waiting for him in the park Where was Sarah waiting for him? The students were talking about American culture What were the students talking about? The secretary was writing a letter Who was writing a letter? Lisa was looking for her necklace What was Lisa looking for? Bài 10: Put the verbs into the correct form (the past continuous tense) When I phoned my friends, they (play) were playing computer games Yesterday at six my sister (prepare) was preparing dinner The children (play) were playing in the garden when it began to rain I (practice) was practicing the guitar when she came home They (not / cycle) weren't cycling all day While Tom (work) was working/ in his room, his friends (swim) were swimming in the pool I tried to tell my mother the truth but she (not/ listen) wasn't listening What (you / do) yesterday were you doing _? Bài 11: Complete the text with the verbs in the box using the pastcontinuous tense smoke bark hold walk wear eat sleep drink walk read It was exactly nine o'clock Outside, it was raining We (1) were reading our books in the living room, and our 9-year-old twins (2) were sleeping quietly in their bedroom My husband (3) was drinking a cup of tea, and my father (4) was smoking a cigarette Our 16-year-old daughter (5) was walking towards the door She (6) was wearing her dark blue raincoat and she (7) was holding an umbrella She (8) was eating a chocolate bar Our cats (9) were walking beside her, and our dog (10) was barkingloudly It was a normal evening Suddenly, two men jumped through the window! Bài 12: Circle the correct answer in the bracket I _ - I didn't hear you come in (was sleeping/ slept) I _ to see her twice, but she wasn't home (was coming/ came) What _ ? - I was watching TV (did you do/ were you doing) He was a character who _from the rich and gave to the poor (stole/ was stealing) Hey, did you talk to her? Yes, I _to her (was talking/ talked) I _ home very late last night (came/ was coming) When _ a cold? (did you have/ were you having) _a good time in Paris? Yes, I had a blast! (Were you having/ Did you have) We _ breakfast when she walked into the room (had/ were having) 10 Last month I decided to buy a new car, and today I finally _it (bought/ was buying) Bài 13: Complete the text using the correct form of the verb in the brackets in either the past simple or past continuous This morning (1 be) was terrible! I (2 wake up) woke up late and I (3 rush) was rushing to get to school on time when I (4 remember) remembered that I (5 forget) forgot my homework at Tom's house last night We (6 study) were studying together when my mom (7 call) called and (8 tell) told me to come home for dinner Then, while I (9 brush) was brushing my teeth, I (10 realize) realized that I had a test in English that I didn't study for! I (11 be) was so upset that I (12 get) got toothpaste on my shirt and had to change my clothes! I (13 miss) missed the bus and had to walk to school It (14 be) was awful! BÀI TẬP TỔNG HỢP NÂNG CAO Bài 14: Write the words in the correct order I/ the bus/ caught/ yesterday/ to work/ I caught the bus to work yesterday it was raining/because/ didn't/ she/ for a walk/ got She didn't go for a walk because it was raining I got/TV/ when/ watching/ my/ brother/ was/ home/ My brother was watching TV when I got home break/ your arm/ you/ how/ did/? How did you break your arm? last summer/ in a beautiful village/ spent/ we/ We spent last summer in a beautiful village last night/ Sally/ what/ was/ wearing/ at the party/? What was Sally wearing at the party last night? a loud party/ while/ my neighbors/ I/ were having/ to study,/ was trying/ While I was trying to study, my neighbors were having a loud party you/ to the cinema/ last night/ did/ go/? Did you go to the cinema last night? Bài 15: Choose the correct answer in the bracket Last night I _on my thesis and it took me a while to realise that my phone was ringing (work/ was working) When you _I was in a meeting so I couldn't answer your call (called/ were calling) David can never agree with Tim They _ (always argue/ are always arguing) Why did you disagree with me at the meeting? to make me look incompetent? (Did you try/ Were you trying) Daisy _ the buffet while I was looking for the drinks (prepared/ was preparing) Tim _ home when the accident happened (walked/ was walking) I _ to work, even when it rained (was always walking/ always walked) Kelly _ her speech when I walked in (was finishing/ finished) Bài 16: Put the verbs into the past simple or past continuous tense I used my time well while I (wait) was waiting for the train - I wrote some emails I (not/work) wasn’t working when my boss walked in my office I was on Facebook I saw a car crash when I (wait) was waiting for the taxi Tom (have) had long hair and a beard when he was at university It started raining while I (drive) was driving to work What (you/do) were you doing this time last year? I (not/call) didn't call you at 10 o'clock as arranged because I was having a meeting I (still/sleep) was still sleeping when my husband left for work this morning Bài 17: Put the verb in the brackets in the correct tense, past simple or past continuous Use the passive form if necessary When she heard the phone ring, she (stop) stopped reading to answer it My mother (read) was reading so she didn't see me walking past When the accident happened, thousands of people (pass) were passing through the airport I (have) had English lessons every week from the age of four onwards They decided to leave the beach because it (get) was getting dark and they wanted to get home while there was still some light Kate already (think) Was Kate already thinking of leaving university before she failed her first year exams? Since your house had a pool, you (swim) did you swim every day? The disaster (attract) attracted hundreds of people from the country to the city Sorry I couldn't come on Monday, but I (work) was working on my project 10 The national park (create) was created to protect wildlife Bài 18: Put the verb in the brackets in the correct tense Last night, while I was doing my homework, Hoa (1 call) called She said she (2 call) was calling me on her cell phone from her biology classroom I asked her if she (3.wait) was waiting for class, but she said that the professor was at the front of the hall lecturing while she (4.talk) was talking to me I couldn't believe she (5 make) was making a phone call during the lecture I asked what was going on She said her biology professor was so boring that several of the students (6 sleep, actually) were actually sleeping in class Some of the students (7 talk) were talking about their plans for the weekend and the student next to her (8 draw) was drawing a picture of a horse When Hoa (9 tell) told me she was not satisfied with the class, I (10 mention) mentioned that my biology professor was quite good and (11 suggest) suggested that she switch to my class While we were talking, I (12 hear) heard her professor yell, "Miss, are you making a phone call?" Suddenly, the line went dead I (13 hang) up the phone and went to the kitchen to make dinner As (14 cut) was cutting vegetables for a salad, the phone rang once again It (15 in class be) was Hoa, but this time she wasn't sitting in the class Bài 19: Read the story and answer the following questions A DISASTROUS DINNER Last Friday, Mrs Anderson planned to have a delicious dinner She bought a T-bone steak and some cream and apples for an apple pie When she came home from the shops she put her shopping on the table While she was setting the table, her two pets sat underneath it and watched her Then she went to the kitchen to make the pastry for the pie She was a little forgetful so she didn't realize the steak, cream and apples were still on the table While she was making the pastry, the dog jumped on a chair and looked longingly at the steak At last it took the steak in its mouth and jumped off the chair, just as Mrs Anderson was coming back into the dining room Mrs Anderson screamed, but the dog ran into the garden She ran after the dog While she was chasing the dog, the cat jumped on the table and started drinking the cream Mrs Anderson didn't manage to catch the dog, and she came back into the dining room When she saw the cat, she shrieked, and the cat got such a fright that it jumped a meter into the air, and leapt out the window Mrs Anderson threw her broom at the cat, but she missed, and broke the window At the same time she overbalanced and put her hand in the cream, spilling it all over the tablecloth Poor Mrs Anderson - she had no dinner, only a dirty tablecloth and a broken window Answer these questions about the story Answer in complete sentences What did Mrs Anderson plan? She planned to have a delicious dinner Why did she buy cream and apples? She bought them for an apple pie When did her pets watch her? Her pets watched her while she was setting the table Where did she leave the steak? She left the steak on the table When did the dog jump on the chair? It jumped on the chair while she was making the pastry How did the dog look at the steak? The dog looked at it longingly When did the dog jump off the chair? The dog jumped off the chair as/ when she was coming into the dining room Where did the dog go? It ran into the garden What was she doing when the cat jumped on the table? She was chasing the dog 10 What did Mrs Anderson when she saw the cat? 10 She shrieked when she saw the cat ... the news Bill makes news Tom watches the news, but Bill makes news UNIT 4: FOR A BETTER COMMUNITY A VOCABULARY Or 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 New words and Meaning Example - I saw your advertisement... want study last have not be sleep 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Tom went to library for his physics homework assignment (1 last Saturday He (2) studied physics all day He (3) went/got out of the library... to eat? (Có để ăn ko?) - Dùng sau từ để hỏi "wh-": who, what, when, how thường không dùng sau "why" E.g: I don't know what to (Tơi khơng biết phải làm gì.) - Đứng sau từ 'the first': "the second':