Free ebooks ==> www.Ebook777.com www.Ebook777.com Free ebooks ==> www.Ebook777.com Gambling in America www.Ebook777.com This page intentionally left blank Gambling in America AN ENCYCLOPEDIA OF HISTORY, ISSUES, AND SOCIETY SECOND EDITION William N Thompson Free ebooks ==> www.Ebook777.com Copyright © 2015 by ABC-CLIO, LLC All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, except for the inclusion of brief quotations in a review, without prior permission in writing from the publisher Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Thompson, William Norman Gambling in America : an encyclopedia of history, issues, and society / William N Thompson.—Second edition pages cm Includes bibliographical references and index ISBN 978-1-61069-979-2 (hardcopy : alkaline paper)— ISBN 978-1-61069-980-8 (e-book) 1. Gambling—Encyclopedias 2. Gambling—America—Encyclopedias. 3. Gambling—Social aspects 4. Gambling—America—Social aspects. I. Title GV1301.T47 2015 306.4'820973—dc23 2014033317 ISBN: 978-1-61069-979-2 EISBN: 978-1-61069-980-8 19 18 17 16 15 1 2 3 4 5 This book is also available on the World Wide Web as an eBook Visit www.abc-clio.com for details ABC-CLIO, LLC 130 Cremona Drive, P.O Box 1911 Santa Barbara, California 93116-1911 This book is printed on acid-free paper Manufactured in the United States of America www.Ebook777.com Contents Preface, ix Brazil, 28 Introduction, xi British Columbia, 30 Chronology of Gambling Events, xvii California, 33 Canada, 35 Adelson, Sheldon, Cards, Playing, 37 Alabama, Caribbean Casinos, 38 Alaska, Alberta, Cash Transaction Reports and Money Laundering, 41 Antigua, Casino, 43 Argentina, Casino Employees, 47 Arizona, Arkansas, Cassius Marcellus Coolidge and Those “Poker Playing Dogs,” 50 Aruba, 10 Cheating Schemes, 51 Baccara, Chemin de Fer, and Baccarat-Type Games, 13 Chile, 54 The Bahamas, 15 Cockfighting, 58 Belize, 17 Colombia, 59 Bennett, Bill, and Bill Pennington, 18 Colorado, 63 Bingo, 19 Binion, Benny, and Jack Binion, 21 Commission on the Review of National Policy toward Gambling (1974–1976), 65 Blackjack, 24 Connecticut, 67 Bolivia, 26 Costa Rica, 68 Boyd, Sam, and William Boyd, 26 Craps and Other Dice Games, 70 Chips, Gambling, 56 v vi | Contents Credit and Debts, 72 Gambling Systems, 168 Crime and Gambling, 75 Gaughan, Jackie, and Michael Gaughan, 171 Cruise Ships, 82 Cuba, 85 Custer, Robert L., 89 Dalitz, Morris, 91 Davis, John, 94 Delaware, 95 Demographic Categories of Players, 95 District of Columbia, 104 Dog Racing, 104 Dominican Republic, 107 Eadington, William R., 111 The Economic Impacts of Gambling, 111 Economics and Gambling, 120 Ecuador, 124 El Salvador, 125 The European Casino, 125 Fahrenkopf, Frank, Jr., 133 Faro, 133 Georgia, 174 Grey, Thomas A., 174 Guadeloupe, 175 Guatemala, 175 Haiti, 177 Harrah, William F., 179 Hawaii, 180 Hoffa, Jimmy, 181 Honduras, 182 Horse Racing, 184 House-Banked Games, 211 Hughes, Howard, 213 Idaho, 217 Illinois, 217 Indiana, 219 Insurance and Gambling, 221 Internet Gambling, 222 Federal Lottery Laws, 135 The Interstate Horseracing Act of 1978, 224 The Federal Wire Act of 1961, 137 Iowa, 225 Florida, 138 Jai Alai, 227 Gamblers’ Motivations: Why Do They Gamble?, 141 Jamaica, 228 Gambling, Problem, 145 Gambling: Is It a Drug?, 163 The Gambling Devices Acts (the Johnson Act and Amendments), 165 Gambling on the High Seas, the Laws of, 166 Kansas, 231 The Kefauver Committee, 233 Kennedy, Robert F., 236 Keno, 237 Kentucky, 238 Kerkorian, Kirk, 238 Contents | vii The Knapp Commission (1970–1972), 241 New Jersey and Atlantic City, 302 Lansky, Meyer, 245 New Mexico, 306 Las Vegas, 247 New York, 307 Laughlin, Don, and Laughlin, Nevada, 255 Newfoundland, 309 Lesieur, Henry, 256 Nicaragua, 309 Lesser Antilles Islands, 256 North Carolina, 309 Lotteries, 257 North Dakota, 309 Louisiana, 266 Northwest Territories, 311 Louisiana Lottery Company, 267 Nova Scotia, 311 Maine, 269 Nunavut, 313 Manitoba, 269 Ohio, 315 Maryland, 270 Massachusetts, 271 McClellan Committees, 272 Mexico, 273 Michigan, 275 Minnesota, 277 Mississippi, 277 Missouri, 279 Montana, 280 The National Gambling Impact Study Commission (1997–1999), 283 Native American Gaming: In the Past, 286 Native American Gaming: Modern Times,288 Nebraska,294 Netherlands Antilles (Sint Maarten, Curaỗao, and Bonaire),295 Nevada, 297 New Brunswick, 300 New Hampshire, 301 Oklahoma, 316 Ontario, 316 Oregon, 319 Organized Crime Control Act of 1970, 320 Pai Gow and Games with Dominos, 321 Panama, 321 Paraguay, 323 Pari-Mutuel Wagering Systems, 324 Pendleton, Edward, 326 Pennsylvania, 327 Peru, 329 Player-Banked Games, 330 Poker, 331 President’s Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice, 335 President’s Commission on Organized Crime, 336 Prince Edward Island, 339 Professional and Amateur Sports Protection Act of 1992, 339 viii | Contents Puerto Rico, 340 Suriname, 409 Quebec, 343 Taxes, Gambling, 411 The Racino, 345 Tennessee, 415 Red Dog, 350 Texas, 416 Religion and Gambling, 350 Trump, Donald John, 417 Reno, 359 Uruguay, 421 Rhode Island, 361 Utah, 421 Rose, I Nelson, 362 Rothstein, Arnold, 362 Roulette, Wheels of Fortune, and Other Wheel Games, 364 Saskatchewan, 371 Sawyer, Grant, 371 Siegel, Benjamin, 374 Slot Machines and Machine Gambling, 376 Social Gaming, Internet Cafes, and Sweepstakes, 382 Venezuela, 423 Vermont, 423 Virgin Islands, 424 Virginia, 425 The Wagering Paraphernalia Act of 1961, 427 Washington, 427 West Virginia, 428 Wisconsin, 429 South Carolina, 384 Wynn, Stephen Alan, 430 South Dakota, 386 Wyoming, 435 Sports Betting, 387 Yukon Territory, 437 The Stock Market, 404 Ziemba, William T., 439 Appendix: Major Cases, 441 Gambling Terminology—A Basic Glossary, 469 Bibliography, 473 Index, 485 About the Author, 505 Free ebooks ==> www.Ebook777.com Preface Let’s Play Pick a card, any card The choice is yours to make A one eyed jack, seven or nine Ace, King, Queen or eight Let’s both pick cards together We will make a winning hand All faces, diamonds and aces I’ll be the king at your command Pick a card, you select Heart, Diamond, Club, or Spade Together for now or if you wish The feelings never will fade But existence is not a card game Not tea leaves, stars or lucky charms Our lifeline is not upon our hands But within each other’s arms Pick a card, if you don’t like it Go ahead and draw again The card will be your link to me Your real ace, your heart, your ten So pick a card, any card If it’s an ace or a lowly two The cards all really mean the same They say I’m dreaming, just waiting for you (Poem by William N Thompson, in William N Thompson and Anthony Juliano, Heart Lines and Lyrics 2003 Bloomington, IN: First Books Library, p. 11) ix www.Ebook777.com Index | 491 Fluvoxamine (drug), 157 Foley, Roger, 247 Food and Drug Administration (FDA), 163 – 165 football betting, 389 – 394, 400 – 401 Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS), 390 Ford, William Clay, 401 Fordham Law Review (magazine), 362 Foxwoods Resort Casino, 289f France, 13, 128, 133, 187, 257, 366 – 367 Franco-Prussian wars, 130 Franken, Su, 126 Franklin, Benjamin, 38 French Revolution, 187 French (European) roulette, 364 – 367, 366f Freud, Sigmund, 147 Friedman, Joseph, 78 Gallen, Hugh J., 301 Gamblers Anonymous (GA), 146 – 147 Gamblers’ motivations, 141–145 gambling See also casinos; crime and gambling; demographic categories of players; economic impacts of gambling; economics and gambling; illegal gamblers/gambling; jai alai betting; lotteries (lottery gaming); National Gambling Impact Study Commission; Native American casino gambling; pari-mutuel wagering systems; religion and gambling; slot machines and machine gambling; sports betting; taxes, gambling; specific games age and, 101 – 102 charity bingo, 327, 428, 429 charity gambling, 34, 63, 277 chips, gambling, 52 – 53, 56 – 58 credit gamblers/players, 22, 73 as a drug, 163 – 165 gambler, defined, 51 gender differences in gambling, 100, 102 – 103, 144 Gresham’s law in gambling, 377 on the high seas, 166 – 167 illegal gamblers, 327 Internet gambling, 222 – 224 legalization and illegal gambling, 81 motivations, 139, 141 – 145, 143t, 144t pathological gamblers, 114, 154, 407 political crimes, 80 – 81 race and, 145 senior gambling, 102 systems, 168 – 171 youth gambling, 101 – 102 gambling, and crime See crime and gambling gambling, and economics See economic impacts of gambling; economics and gambling gambling, and insurance See insurance and gambling gambling, and religion See religion and gambling gambling, compulsive See gambling, problem gambling, problem, 145–163 annualizing cost of, 152 – 154, 153t bankruptcies and, 150, 153 – 154 baseball, 398 – 399 basketball scandals, 399 – 400 causes of, 147 – 148 civil suits and, 153 – 154 comorbidity, 155 – 156 costs to full society, 154 debts and, 150, 153 – 154 description of, 146 – 147 drugs for, 157 employment and, 151, 152 – 153 exclusion policies on, 158 – 162 football scandals, 400 – 401 overview, 145 – 146 pathological gamblers, 114, 154, 407 public policies on, 158 rates of, 148 – 149 social costs, 149 – 152 suicide and, 152 thefts and, 150 – 151, 154 treatment for, 151 – 152, 156 – 157 492 | Index Gambling: Should It Be Legalized? (Peterson), 77 Gambling: Yesterday and Today, a Complete History (Jones), 58 Gambling Devices Act (1951), 83, 84, 165 – 166, 167, 219, 379 Gambling Prevention Awareness, 401 gambling taxes See taxes, gambling game fixing, 397 games, player-banked See player-banked games Games of the North American Indians (Culin), 286 Gaming Control Board, 299 gaming tax Atlantic City, 11 impact of, 115, 272 Indiana, 220 Montana, 280 Native American gaming, 286 Nevada, 300 Puerto Rico, 340 rise in, 218 Gaughan, Jackie and Michael, 171 – 173, 172f gender differences in gambling, 100, 102 – 103, 144, 147 Gentings Casino company, 16 Georgia, 2 – 3, 174, 408, 413 – 416 Georgia Lottery Corporation, 174 Germany, 127 – 128, 128f Geertz, Clifford, 59, 98 Giuliani, Rudolph, 85 Godolphin Arabian (race horse), 186 Going Places: Las Vegas (TV show), 21 Golden Eagle Farm, 209 Golden Nugget Casino, 172, 433 Golden Ten See roulette golden ten game, 368 – 369 Gomez, Jose Miguel, 86 Gordon, Waxey, 363 Grau San Martin, Ramon, 87 Great Britain, 270, 411 Greektown Group, 276 Green Felt Jungle (Demaris, Reid), 77 Gresham’s law in gambling, 377 Grey, Thomas A., 174 – 175, 283, 351 Grey Cup Canadian, 371 Griffin, Merv, 420 grocery store casinos, 45 – 47 Gross, Harry, 241 Groves, Wallace, 16 Guadeloupe, 40, 58, 125, 175, 185, 256, 296 Guardian Angel Church, 351 Guatemala, 122, 175 – 176 Guide to Casino Gambling (Scarne), 324 – 325 Guste, William J., 337 Haiti, 58, 87 – 89, 177 – 179 Hakim, Simon, 78 Halas, George, 400 Halcyon Cove, Hall, Maude Frazier, 93 Hall, Tammy, 384 handicap races, 191 Hanukkah celebration, 354 Hapes, Merle, 401 Harrah, William F (Bill), 179 – 180, 179f, 359, 360 Harrahs, 24, 376 Harshbarger, L Scott, 77 Hartack, Bill, 199 – 200 Hartford, Huntington, 16 Harvard Medical School, 149 Hausch, Donald B., 439 Hawaii, 180 – 181 hazard game See craps Hecht, Bill, 391 Henson, Keith, 349 Herman, Robert, 147 Hickok, Bill, 386 Hill, Virginia, 375 Hinduism, 357 – 358 Hispanic American plyers, 98 Hoca and E-O See roulette hockey betting, 396 Index | 493 Hoffa, Jimmy, 91, 92, 181 – 182, 236, 272 Holland American Line, 83 Hollis, Harry, 355 Hollywood Park, 204, 345 Holy Bull (race horse), 194 Honduran Maya Hotel, 183 Honduras, 182 – 183 Hoover, J Edgar, 373 Hornung, Paul, 401 horse-racing, 184–211 Arizona, Arkansas, 9 – 10 Canada, 35 cheating, 53 – 54, 168 – 169 Colombia, 60, 61 colors in, 210 – 211 Egyptian horse racing, 185 English horse racing, 186 history of, 185 – 190 illegal betting, 189 list of thoroughbred horses, 194 – 198 list of thoroughbred jockeys, 198 – 202 list of thoroughbred trainers, 202 – 204 Ontario, 317 overview, 184 – 185, 184f owners and farms, 208 – 210 pari-mutuel wagering systems, 324 participants in, 191 – 192 Peru, 329 race officials at the track, 192 – 194 the racino, 346 South Dakota, 386 Tennessee, 416 tracks and track organizations, 204 – 208 types of, 190 – 191 Vermont, 423 Horseshoe casino, 21 – 23 Hot Lotto, 104 house-banked games, 211 – 213 Hoyle, Edmund, 38 Hughes, Howard, 19, 182, 213 – 216, 251, 431, 433 Hughes, James, 78 Hurricane Hugo, 424 Humphrey, Hubert, 215 Hunt, Lester, 234 Hyde, Steve, 419 Idaho, 217, 260 Il Ridotto, 44 illegal gamblers/gambling California, 34 commercial appeal of, 335 crackdown on, 92, 236, 273, 337, 427 horse-race betting as, 137 Illinois, 218 impact of, 66, 76, 337 – 338 Johnson Act, 379 Kefauver investigations, 87, 235 legalization as substitute for, 81 Nevada, 298 New Jersey, 303 New York, 307 penalties, 320 Pennsylvania, 327 police bribes, 242 Quebec, 374 sports betting, 389, 402 Tennessee, 415 union activity and, 272 Illinois, 217 – 219, 379, 412, 414 Illinois riverboats, 116 – 117, 117t Imperial Palace, 45 Indian Gaming Regulatory Act (1988) enforcing provisions of, 286 Kansas, 231 Maine, 269 New York gaming, 308 Oregon, 319 overview, 291 – 293 slot machines and, 378 – 379 Washington, 427 – 428 Indiana, 205, 219 – 220, 414, 418 Indiana Gaming Commission, 219 instant games, lotteries, 261 instant video ticket machines (IVTMs), 428 insurance and gambling, 221 – 222 494 | Index Internal Revenue Service (IRS), 68, 108, 158, 310, 424 International Brotherhood of Teamsters, 91, 181 – 182, 236 International Conference on Gambling, 111 International Gaming and Wagering Business (1994), 347 – 348, 428 International Gaming Technologies (IGT), 112, 380 International Greyhound Racing Association, 105 Internet cafes, 382 – 384 Internet gambling, 222 – 224 Internet gaming, 2, 5, 17 Interstate Horseracing Act (1978), 5, 223, 224 – 225 Iowa, 225, 348 Irish Sweepstakes, 136 Islam, 357 – 358 Ita Enramada Hotel and Casino resort, 323 ITT Sheraton Canada, 312 Jackson, Andrew, 258, 415 Jacobs, Durand, 147 Jacobsen, L.C., 18 jai alai betting Connecticut, 67 Cuba, 85, 86 – 87 employment and, 123 Florida, 138, 139 New Hampshire, 301 overview, 227 – 228, 228f pari-mutuel wagering systems, 324, 340 as player-banked, 213, 330 Rhode Island, 347, 361 sports betting, 387 Jamaica, 40, 228 – 229 James, Kay, 284 Jaworski, Leon, 336 Jefferson, Thomas, 258, 425 Jehovah’s Witnesses, 355 Jerry Bailey (race horse), 195 jockeys in horse-racing, 192 jogo bicho (the animal game), 29 John Henry (race horse), 196 Johns Hopkins Compulsive Gambling Counselling Center, 150 Johnson, Earvin “Magic,” 399 Johnson, Lyndon, 215, 249, 335 Johnson, “Nucky,” 302 Johnson Act (1951) See Gambling Devices Act Jones, Ben, 202 – 203 Jones, Cliff, 89 Jones, J Philip, 58 Jordan, Michael, 399 Judaism, 354 Junta de Protection Social, 68 Kahnawake First Nations Reserve, 343 Kallens, Steven, 348 Kansas, 231 – 233 Kaplan, H Roy, 266 Karras, Alex, 401 Hurricane Katrina, 278 – 279 Katzenbach, Nicholas, 335 Kaufman, Irving, 336 – 337, 338 Keeneland Race Course, 206 Kefauver, Estes, 77, 266 Kefauver Committee, 92, 165 – 166, 233 – 235, 255, 272 – 273, 299 Kelso (race horse), 196 Kennedy, Francis, 272 Kennedy, Jack, 373 Kennedy, Robert F (Bobby), 137, 181, 182, 214, 216, 236 – 237, 373 keno game, 237 – 238, 280 Kentucky, 238 Kentucky Derby, 197, 204, 238 Kerkorian, Kirk, 1, 238 – 241, 239f, 251, 360, 434 Keystone Treatment Center, 147 Kickapoo casino, 416 – 417 Kimball, Spencer, 356 King, Don, 398 Kinley, Louis, 302 Klondike Visitor’s Association, 437 Index | 495 Knapp, Whitman, 241 Knapp Commission, 241 – 243 Knowland, William, 84, 166 the Koran, 357 Korea, 158, 161, 358 Krone, Julie, 200 Kuhn, Rick, 400 Kyl, Jon, 137 Lanni, Terrence, 284 Lansky, Jake, 88 Lansky, Meyer, 16, 87, 92, 138, 182, 245 – 247, 363, 375 Las Vegas, 247 – 255, 249f, 252t – 254t Las Vegas Bathtub Model, 115 Las Vegas Boyd Group, 277 Las Vegas Convention Center, 1, 249 Las Vegas Hilton, 44 Las Vegas Hotel and Casino, 17 Las Vegas Strip, 15, 20, 297, 430 Las Vegas Supermarket casino, 43 The Last Resort: Success and Failure in Campaigns for Casinos (Dombrink, Thompson), 351 Latino and Hispanic American plyers, 98 – 99 Laughlin, Don (Laughlin, Nevada), 255 – 256 Laurin, Lucien, 197, 203 Laxalt, Paul, 249, 373 Lee, Dion, 400 legalization and illegal gambling, 81 Lesieur, Henry, 102, 148, 256, 287 – 288 Lesser Antilles islands, 256 Let it Ride See poker Levinson, David, 351 Lewis, Robert and Beverly, 209 Liberty Bell machine, 377 Lincoln Greyhound Park, 361 Lindsay, John V., 241, 242 Liquormart v Rhode Island (1996), 136 Little Caesar’s Casino and Sportsbook, 394 “live games” designation, 280 local players, 114 Loescher, Robert, 284 Longden, Johnny, 195, 200 Los Angeles Times (newspaper), 335 Lott, Trent, 284 lotteries (lottery gaming), 257–266 Arizona, 10 Bolivia, 26 Brazil, 28 – 30 Canada, 37 Caribbean, 38 Chile, 54 Colombia, 61 Colorado, 63 – 64 defined, 260 – 261 District of Columbia, 104 employment with, 122 Florida, 138 gambling rationale for, 143 Georgia, 174 history and development, 257 – 260, 259f instant games, 261 lotto games, 262 numbers games, 261 – 262 Ohio, 315 Ontario, 317 Peru, 329 rates of taxation, 411 South Carolina, 386 South Dakota, 386 – 387 Tennessee, 416 variety of games, 261 video lottery terminals, 262 Lottery Gaming Facility Review Board, 232 Lottery Winners (Kaplan), 266 Louisiana, 77, 80, 133, 154, 266 – 267 Louisiana Lottery company, 135, 258, 267 – 268 Lowenstein, Ernesto, Lowenstein Resort Company, Lucas, D Wayne, 203 Luciano, Charlie “Lucky,” 92, 245 – 246, 363 Lugar, Richard, 283 496 | Index Luxor casino, 18, 250 Lynch, Thomas, 336 Maas, Peter, 241 Mabee, John and Betty, 209 Macau Police Department, 160 machismo, defined, 98 – 99 macho man, 100 – 101 Macmillan, James, 97 Maheu, Robert, 214 – 215, 216 Mahjong, 321, 337 Maine, 258, 269 Major League Baseball, 403 Man O’War (race horse), 196 mañana concept, 40 Mandalay Bay, 44 Manitoba, 269–270 Manor, Taylor, 90 Manuel Cortina, Jose, 86 Mar del Plata casino, 6 – 7, 7f Mara, Tim, 400 March Madness, 388, 389 Mardi Gras celebrations, 2, 29 Margarita Hilton Hotel, 423 Margolis, Jeremy D., 78 Marshall Fund, 130 Martin, Bobby, 391 Martingale Progressive System, 15, 23, 169 – 170 Marxism, 358 Mary Carter Paint Company, 16 Maryland, 189, 270 – 271 Maryland Live casino, 271 Mashantucket Pequots, 67 Massachusetts, 260, 271 – 272 Mayfield Road Gang, 315 Maze, J.R., 147 McAdams, Shelby, 68 McBride, Thomas, 337 McCarran, Pat, 372 McCarthy, Joseph, 272, 372 McCarthy, Leo, 284 McClellan Committee, 181, 214, 235, 272 – 273 McClellan Senate Committee, 272 McGregor, Milt, McKinley, William, 86 McLain, Denny, 398 McLaney, Mike, 178 McNeil, Charles K., 391 Medellin Connection, 60, 61 Mega-Bucks machines, 380 Menocal, Mario, 86 – 87 MERCOSUL, 29 Mescalero casino, 307 Mexican Tourism Agency, 272f, 274 Mexico, 273 – 275, 274f, 349 – 350 MGM Grand, 1, 44, 160, 162, 228, 271, 360, 430, 434 MGM Grand Company, 276 MGM Mirage, 305 Mi-kmaq Indians, 312 Michigan, 148 – 149, 275 – 277, 430 Michigan Industrial Laundry, 91 Milkin, Michael, 433 Mill Ridge Farm, 210 Mill’s Novelty Company of Chicago, 377 – 378 Millson, John, 349 Milt, Harry, 90, 148 minibaccarat, 13 Minnesota, 277 Mirage, 44, 388, 431, 434 Mirage Organization, Miss America show, 303 Mississippi, 277 – 279 Mississippi Choctaw tribe, 277 Mississippi State University, 141 Missouri, 80, 231, 279 – 280 Mohegan Sun at Pocono Downs Casino, 328f Monday Night Football, 390 Money, Mania, and Morals (Niebuhr, Starkey), 356 Money Honey machine, 379 money laundering See cash transaction reports and money laundering Money Laundering Act (1986), 41, 42, 337 Index | 497 See also cash transaction reports and money laundering Money Laundering Suppression Act (1994), 42 See also cash transaction reports and money laundering Monroe Doctrine, 177 Monserrat, Joseph, 241 Montana, 280 – 281, 339, 423 Monte Carlo Casino, 272f Monte Carlo Club, 16 Montt, Rios, 175 Morrisey, Jack, 307 Morrow, James, 150 Moss, Texan Johnny, 335 Mott, William I., 203 mouse roulette, 359 – 360 My Prison without Bars (Rose), 399 Naltrexone (drug), 157 Namath, Joe, 392 Napoleonic wars, 130 NASCAR racing, 231 National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, 97 National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations (NASDAQ), 405, 406 National Basketball Association (NBA), 388 National Bowling Center, 360 National Coalition against Legalized Gambling, 175 National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), 388, 402 National Coursing Association, 105 National Football League games, 260, 389, 403 National Gambling Impact Study Commission compulsive gambling, 146, 148 – 149 economics and gambling, 121, 123, 1161 – 117 gambling ships, 167 lottery revenue, 262 overview, 133, 283 – 286 pathological gamblers, 102 sports betting, 387, 403 National Greyhound Association, 106 National Greyhound Hall of Fame, 106 National Hockey League (NHL), 403 National Indian Gaming Act, 67 national integrity, 100 National Labor Relations Act, 338 National Lottery Administration, 6, 8, 175 National Museum of Racing, 194 National Opinion Research Center, 146, 149, 284 National Rifle Association, 99 National Thoroughbred Racing Association, 194 Native American casino gambling Arizona, Bingo, 19 California, 33, 34 – 35, 360 Canada, 36, 293 – 294, 343 Communications Act exemption, 136 congressional bill for, 338 – 339 Connecticut, 289 historical development, 289 – 291 impact study on, 117 – 118, 118t Las Vegas, 45 Louisiana, 267 Mexico, 274 Michigan, 276 Minnesota, 277 in modern times, 288 – 294, 289f New Mexico, 306 Ohio, 316 Oregon, 319 overview, in the past, 286 – 288 player-banked systems, 330 – 331 religion and gambling, 352 South Carolina, 386 Washington, 427 – 428 Wisconsin, 429 – 430 Wyoming, 435 Native Americans, 3, 57, 145, 149 498 | Index Native Dancer (race horse), 194, 196 – 197 natural blackjack win, 24 – 25 “near-miss” graphics, 382 Nebraska, 294 – 295 Netherlands, 368, 409 Netherlands Antilles (St Martin/Sint Maarten, Curaỗao, and Bonaire), 295297 Nevada, 297300 history of gaming in, 297 – 299 Las Vegas, 247 – 255, 249f, 252t – 254t Las Vegas Strip, 15, 20, 297, 430 overview, 297 regulatory structure of gaming, 299 – 300 Nevada Board of Regents, 372 Nevada Gaming Commission, 1, 45, 83 – 84, 93, 235, 300, 394 Nevada Gaming Control Board, 52, 402 Nevada-Reno’s Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming, 362 Nevada Resorts Association, 93 New Brunswick, 300 – 301 New Hampshire, 136, 258 – 259, 268, 301 – 302, 362 New Jersey and Atlantic City, 123, 302 – 306, 304f New Mexico, 306 – 307, 348 – 349 New York, 307 – 309 New York Jockey Club, 188 New York Racing Commission, 206 – 107 New York Stock Exchange, 360, 405, 420 New York Times, 242 Newfoundland, 309 Nicaragua, 309 Nicholls, Richard, 187 Niebuhr, H Richard, 354, 356 Nixon, Richard, 215, 320 nongovernment organizations (NGOs), 160 Noriega, Manuel, 322 North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), 362 North Carolina, 309 North Dakota, 309 – 310 Northwest Territory of Canada, 259, 311 Norwegian Cruise Line, 83 Nova Scotia, 311 – 313 numbers games, lotteries, 261 – 262 numerology, 97 Nunavut, 313 Nye, James, 298 Obama, Barack, 306 O’Brien, Larry, 215 O’Brien, Pat, 205 O’Brien, Thomas R., 163 – 164 O’Brien, Vincent, 209 Ocean Downs, 271 Ochrym, Ronald George, 78 O’Conor, Herbert, 234 O’Higgins, Bernardo, 54 Ohio, 315 – 316 Oklahoma, 316 Old Balboa Gardens in Panama City, 322 Old Spanish Trail, 247 Oller, Pierre, 324 Oneida tribe, 308 online gaming, 2, 5, 17 Ontario, 316 – 319, 317f Ontario Lottery Corporation, 317 – 319 Opaskawayak Cree Reserve, 269 “Operation Bootstrap,” 340 Oregon, 319 – 320 Oregon Lottery, 388 organized crime concerns over, 303, 373 – 374, 431 corrupt officials, 29 Cuba, 85, 87, 88 Florida, 138 Kefauver Committee and, 165, 233, 235, 266, 299 Las Vegas, 92, 182, 213, 216, 248 legalizing gambling, 75 – 77 loan sharks, 73 McClellan Committee, 272 – 273 Mexico, 273 Native American gaming, 290 Index | 499 New Jersey, 304, 305 New York, 375 patterns of, 17 President’s Commission on Organized Crime, 336 – 339 Rackets Committee and, 236 slot machines and, 267, 378 sports gambling, 397, 399, 400, 402 Organized Crime Control Act (1970), 65, 320 Osborne, Walter D., 189 over-under wagers, 393 Overbrook Farm, 209 Owen Smith, Patrick, 105 owners in horse-racing, 191 – 192 pai gow and games with dominos, 321, 334 Panama, 321 – 323 Parabhava Sutta (Buddist text), 357 Paradise Island Resort and Casino, 16 Paraguay, 323 – 324 pari-mutuel wagering systems Florida, 138 gambling taxes, 412 Idaho, 217 introduction, 4, jai alai betting, 324, 340 Louisiana, 347 Ohio, 316 overview, 285, 324 – 326, 361 rates of taxation, 412 Park, Clifton, 78 Park Place Entertainment Inc (PPE), 312 parlay bets, 393 – 394 Parsons, James, 336 Pascal, Blaise, 364 passive games, 261 pathological gamblers, 114, 154, 407 See also gambling, problem Patoka Lake license, 219 patrol judges in horse racing, 193 Patterson, John, Paulson, Allen, 208 payoff schedules, 381 Pendleton, Edward, 104, 326 Pennington, Bill, 18 – 19 Pennsylvania, 327 – 329, 328f Pennsylvania Crime Commission, 243 Pennsylvania Gaming Control Board, 329 Pennsylvania Lottery, 212 penny stocks, 408 Perkins, Robert, 147 Peron, Juan, 6, personal digital assistants (PDAs), 388 Peru, 329 – 330 Peterson, Virgil, 77 photo-finish cameras, 205 “pick-‘em” game, 394 Pimlico track, 207 Pincay, Laffit, 200 Pindling, Lynden, 16 Ping-Pong balls, 52, 261 Pinney, J Kent, 81 placing judges in horse racing, 193 player-banked games, 330 – 331 player losses, 150 players, demographic categories of See demographic categories of players Plaza Cinco de Mayo in Panama City, 322 Plunkitt, George Washington, 384 point shaving, 389, 395, 397, 400, 402 point spread advice on, 95 gambling systems, 168 sports betting, 319, 388, 391 – 396, 401 stock market, 404 poker games, 331–335 California, 33 Caribbean stud poker, 333 – 334 draw and stud poker, 332 – 333, 443 gambling systems in, 168 let it ride poker, 334 overview, 331 pai gow poker, 334 player-banked games, 330 poker-hand, 331 – 332, 332f social history of, 335 World Series of Poker, 21, 23, 335, 363 500 | Index political crimes and gambling, 80 – 81 Politzer, Robert, 150 Populist movement, 298 Pot o Gold machines, 385 Powell, Colin, 96 – 97 Powell, Lewis F., 335 Powerball, 104, 301, 310, 361 Pozo, Eugene Leal, 62 Prairie Meadows, 348 President’s Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice, 335 – 336 President’s Commission on Organized Crime, 336 – 339 Prince Edward Island, 339 Princess Cruises, 83 privatization of casinos, Professional and Amateur Sports Protection Act (1992), 339 – 340, 389 Professional Golf Association, 92 Proposition (1998), 34 Puerto Rican Tourism Company, 340 Puerto Rico, 340 – 341 Purdy’s Wharf Development Ltd., 312 Quebec, 343 – 344 race and gambling, 145 racetracks See also dog racing; horseracing All American Futurity race, 307 gambling reasons with, 143 – 144 Mexico, 275 video lottery terminals, 262 Rachel Alexandra (race horse), 198 racing secretary, 193 the racino, 345 – 350, 346f Ramirez, Carlos Marulanda, 61 random number generators, 381 Reagan, Ronald, 336 Red Dog casino, 350 Redd, Si, 380 Regina Exhibition Park, 349 Reid, Ed, 77 Religion: A Cross-Cultural Encyclopedia (Levinson), 351 religion and gambling, 350–358 Buddhism, 357 – 358 Christianity, 354 – 357 Eastern religions, 357 – 358 Judaism, 354 overview, 350 – 354 Reno, 359 – 361 Republican National Committee, 283 Resorts International Casino, 16, 303, 305 Responsible Gambling (RG) program, 156, 159 Retired Greyhounds as Pets (REGAP), 107 Revenue Act (1951), 415 revenues from lotteries, 262 – 266, 263t – 265t RG Liaison Officers (RGLOs), 159 RG Support Center (RGSC), 159 Rhode Island, 347, 361 Rickard, Tex, 397 – 398 riverboat casinos Arkansas, 10 Illinois, 116 – 117, 117t Indiana, 220 Iowa, 217 – 218, 225 Ohio, 315 riverboat gambler, defined, 51 Riviera, 45 Rockefeller, Winthrop, 10 Rodino, Peter W., 337 Rogers, Kenny, 333 Rogers, William P., 335 Rogovin, Charles, 337 rommy, 68, 69 Rose, I Nelson, 362 Rose, Pete, 363, 399 Rosecrance, John, 147, 156 Rosenberg, Julius and Ethel, 337 Rosenbloom, Carroll, 400 Rosenthal, Richard, 146, 147 Rothstein, Arnold, 362 – 364 Roughing It (Twain), 298 Index | 501 roulette, wheels of fortune, and other wheel games, 364–369 American roulette, 364 – 367, 366f bias roulette wheels, 52 big wheel, 367 – 368 Boule game, 367 Costa Rica, 68 Espherodromo game, 368 French (European) and American roulette, 364 – 367, 366f French (European) roulette, 364 – 367, 366f gambling systems, 52, 169 golden ten game, 368 – 369 hoca and E-O game, 364 Missouri, 279 mouse roulette, 359 – 360 overview, 364 stock market and, 405 “roving” casinos, 318 Roxborough, Michael “Roxy,” 391 Royal Caribbean International, 83 Rozelle, Pete, 401 Ruidoso Downs, 306, 349 Ruthe, Chuck, 28 Sahara Hotel, 18, 45 Salman al-Saud, Ahmed Bin (Prince), 210 Salvation Army, 355 Samuelson, Paul, 111, 221 Sands, Stafford, 16 Sands Casino Hotel, Sands Exposition Center, Hurricane Sandy, 306 Sanster, Robert, 209 Santa Anita Park, 207 – 208, 210 Saratoga Race Course, 206 Sarno, Jay, 18, 19 Saskatchewan, 371 Saskatchewan Gaming Corporation (SGC), 371 Sawyer, Grant, 371 – 374 Schlichter, Art, 401 Schultz, Dutch, 363 Schultze, Gustav Frederick Wilhelm, 377 Schwer, R Keith, 150 Seabury, Samuel, 241 Secretariat (race horse), 197 Securities and Exchange Commission, 239 Sedway, Moe, 248 Select Committee on Labor Corruption, 272 self-exclusion programs, 161 – 162 Seminole Nation, 289 – 290 senior gambling, 102 Serpico, Frank, 241 – 242 Sheikhs of Dubai, 209 – 210 Shenker, Morris, 181 Sheraton Casinos Nova Scotia (SCNS), 312 shills, 49 Shinto faith of Japan, 358 Shintoism, 357 Shoemaker, Willie (Billy), 196, 200 – 201, 205 A Short Treatise on the Game of Whist (Hoyle), 38 sic bo, 72 Siegel, Benjamin “Bugsy,” 27, 92, 245, 246, 248, 374 – 376 Sifakis, Carl, 364 Silver Charm (race horse), 209 Silver Slipper Saloon, Simon, Paul, 283 Sinatra, Frank, 14f, 373 single-table baccarat table, 14 “666” scandal, 327 Skinner, B.F., 148 slot machines and machine gambling, 376–382 Bally’s machines, 379 – 380 characteristics of, 380 – 382 cheating schemes, 53 Circus Circus casino, 18 Colorado, 64 Florida, 139 history of, 377 – 379 overview, 376 rates of taxation, 414 value of, 376 – 377 502 | Index slot tokens, 53 slugs, 58 Smith, Mike E., 201 – 202 Smith, Raymond I “Pappy,” 359 – 360 Smith, Stevin, 400 Snyder, Jimmy “the Greek,” 391 Soaring Eagle Casino, 276 social costs with gambling problems, 154 social gaming, Internet cafes, and sweepstakes, 382 – 384, 383f Social Science Research Center, 142 Social Security Number drawing, 173 Sodak Gaming Suppliers, Inc., 112 South Carolina, 384 – 386 South Dakota, 386 – 387 South Oaks Gambling Screen, 256 Southern Baptist Convention, 351, 355 Southern Cone Common Market (MERCOSUR), 323 Southern Nevada Water Project, 249 Soviet Union, 270 – 271, 337 sports betting, 387–404 baseball, 398 – 399 basketball, 394 – 395 boxing, 396 football, 389 – 394, 400 – 401 futures, 396 – 397 government involvement, 402 – 404 historical perspective, 388 – 389 hockey, 396 integrity in, 397 – 398 overview, 387 – 388 point shaving, 389, 395, 397, 400, 402 point spread, 391 – 393 by sport, 389 – 396, 390f structure of football bets, 393 – 394 stakes races, 191 Starkey, L.M., 356 the starter in horse racing, 193 State Alcohol Law Enforcement Division, 309 Stein, Sharon, 148 Stephens, Woody, 203 Stern, Max, 68 Sternlieb, George, 78 Stevens, Gary, 201 stewards in horse-racing, 192 – 193 stock market, 404 – 409 Stop Predatory Gambling, 175 Stronach, Frank, 210 Stuart, Julia, 335 stud poker, 332 – 333 See also poker suicide and problem gamblers, 152 Sun International, 16 Super Bowl, 388, 389, 392 – 393, 401 sure thing wagers, 394 Suriname, 6, 409 Survey Research Center of the University of Michigan, 65 Sutherland, Chantal, 202 sweepstakes, 382 – 384, 383f Switzerland, 158, 161, 367 systems, gambling See gambling Taj Mahal casino, 305, 417, 419 Tax Commission (Nevada), 299 taxes, gambling, 411–415 casinos, 412 earmarking of, 414 economic impact, 114 federal excise tax, 415 incidence and equity, 412 – 413 lotteries, 411 overview, 411 pari-mutuel wagering, 412 volume of, 413 – 414 Teamsters union See International Brotherhood of Teamsters “teaser” bets, 394 Tennessee, 415 – 416 Texas, 416 – 417, 417f Texas Millionaire Game, 213 Thalheimer, Richard, 345 thefts and problem gamblers, 150 – 151, 154 Thomas, E Parry, 433 Thomas, Franklin A., 241 Thompson, William N., 338, 351 Thoroughbred Racing’s Hall of Fame, 194 Index | 503 Thorpe, Edward O., 24, 168 Thurmond, Strom, 337 tip system for dealers, 48 – 49 tobacco addiction, 155 Tobey, Charles, 234 Tobin, Phil, 299 Tose, Leonard, 400 – 401 tourist players, 114 track veterinarians, 193 – 194 Trafficante, Salvatore, 88 trainers in horse-racing, 192 Trans International Airlines, 239 treatment for problem gamblers, 151 – 152, 156 – 157 Tri-State Lotto game, 301 Triple Crown, 184, 188, 189, 194 Tromba, Ray, 347 Trujillo, Rafael, 88, 107 Trump, Donald John, 220, 305, 417 – 420, 418f, 433 Tullis, Edward, Turcotte, Ron, 197, 201 Turkish horse racing, 186 Turning Stone Casino, 308 Twain, Mark, 298 Tyson, Mike, 398 underdog wager, 394 Union Plaza Casino, 172 United Kingdom (UK), 389 United Methodist Church, 355 University of Chicago, 284 University of Nevada, 142, 150, 157, 397 Unlawful Internet Gambling Enforcement Act (2006), 223, 389 Urim and Thummim dice, 352 Uruguay, 6, 421 U.S Department of Defense, 222 U.S Department of Justice, 223, 338 U.S House of Representatives, 150, 234 U.S Law Enforcement Assistance Administration, 242 U.S Supreme Court, 135, 139, 290, 337, 415 U.S Treasury Department, 42 U.S Virgin Islands (USVI), 424 Utah, 421 – 422 Valentino, Dora, 323 – 324 Vance, Cyrus, 241 Vanderbilt, Alfred, 197 Venetian Casino Resort, 1, 44, 161, 251 Venezuela, 10, 423 Venice, 44 Vermont, 423 – 424 Vesco, Robert, 68 Veterans Administration (VA), 89 Vick, Michael, 59 Victoria RG Foundation, 160 video lottery terminals (VLTs) Alberta, economics of gambling, 122 Iowa, 348 New Brunswick, 300 Nova Scotia, 311 – 312 Oregon, 346 overview, 262 video slot machines, 46, 58 Vina del Mar casino, 55 – 56, 100 “VIP” players, 161 Virgin Islands, 424 – 425 Virginia, 425 Virginia Colony, 187, 257 – 258 Wagering Paraphernalia Act (1961), 427 wagering systems, pari-mutuel See parimutuel wagering systems Wall Street Journal, 405 Walsek, Ron, 107 Wampanoag tribe, 272 Warhol, Andy, 50 Warren, Earl, 359 Washington, 427 – 428 Washington, George, 258, 425 Watchtower (magazine), 355 Waterloo Cup competition, 105 Watson, Tom, 353 Webb, Del, 251, 375 504 | Index Weinblatt, J., 78 welfare and problem gamblers, 151, 154 West Virginia, 346 – 347, 428 – 429 Western Canadian Lottery Corporation, 30, 311 Western Michigan University (WMU), 403 Westphal, James, 154 Wexler, Arnold, 157 Wharton Econometric Forecasting of Philadelphia, 338 wheels of fortune See roulette, wheels of fortune, and other wheel games When Luck Runs Out (Custer), 90 Whistler Ski Resort, 30 Whittingham, Charles, 203 – 204 Wiley, Alexander, 234 Wilhelm, John, 284 Wilkerson, Billy, 248, 375 Willams, Dewey, 400 Williams, Harrison, 81 Williams, John “Hot Rod,” 400 Wilson, Will, 416 Wilson, Woodrow, 177 “win-win” game, 51 Wind River Reservation, 435 Windsor, Ontario, casinos, 276 Windsor Raceway, 349 Wisconsin, 429 – 430 Wisconsin Native American casinos, 117 – 118, 118t Wolf, Frank, 283 Wolfram, John, 26 – 27 Wolfson, Louis, 194 Woodbine jockey club, 208 World Casino Directory, 35 World Gaming Congress Hall of Fame, 420 World Series of Poker (WSOP), 21, 23, 335, 363, 398 World Trade Organization (WTO), 5, 69 World War I, 36, 130 World War II, 130, 189, 206, 233, 303 Wright, William Monroe, 208 – 209 Wynn, Mike, 431 – 432 Wynn, Stephen Alan, 22, 239, 420, 430 – 435, 431f Wynn Resorts, 49 Wyoming, 435 Yakuza of Japan, 337 Young, Whitney M., 336 Young, William T., 209 Youngdahl, Luther, 336 youth gambling, 101 – 102 Yukon Territory, 259, 437 Zenyatta (race horse), 197 – 198 Ziemba, William T., 439 Zito, Nicholas, 204 Zola, Irving, 147 Free ebooks ==> www.Ebook777.com About the Author William N Thompson is Professor Emeritus of Public Administration at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas He received his Bachelor of Arts and Master of Arts degrees in political science from Michigan State University, and his PhD from the University of Missouri-Columbia Thompson has served on faculties of SE Missouri State University, Western Michigan University, and Troy State University in Europe, and he was a visiting professor with Macau Polytechnic Institute He consulted for both the Presidents Commission on Organized Crime and the National Gambling Impact Study Commission His books include the Cultures of Casino Gaming (Answering Universal Desires) (2014), International Encyclopedia of Gambling (2010), Ethics in City Hall (coauthored 2009), International Casino Law (3 eds coedited), Gambling in America: An Encyclopedia (1st ed 2001), Native American Issues (1996 and 2004), Casino Customer Service = The WIN WIN Game (coauthored, l992 and 1996), Legalized Gambling: A Reference Handbook (1994 and 1997), The Last Resort: Success and Failure in Campaigns for Casinos (coauthored, l990), and State Attorneys General and the Environment (coauthored, 1974) His articles have appeared in The Annals of the American Academy, Indian Gaming, Journal of Gambling Studies, Casino Executive, Gaming Law Review and Economics, Casino Lawyer, European Casino Lawyer, UNLV Gaming Law Journal, International Gaming and Wagering Business, and The Washington Post 505 www.Ebook777.com ... again, I offer a starting point with discussions about gambling among the indigenous peoples of the North American and South American continents However, much of the essence of modern gambling in. .. nationalization of a private casino in Mendoza in 1947 and the creation of a casino annex at Mar del Plata in 1949 In 1954, casinos opened at the snow-skiing and lakes resort of Bariloche in Rio Negro Province... Madryn in Chubut Province and the interior city of Tandil in Buenos Aires Province established casinos A seasonal casino in the oceanside resort of Las Grutas in Rio Negro Province also began operations