Free ebooks ==> www.Ebook777.com www.Ebook777.com Free ebooks ==> www.Ebook777.com Making Natural Soaps by Sally W Trew with Zonella B Gould A member of Penguin Group (USA) Inc http://avaxhome.ws/blogs/ChrisRedfield www.Ebook777.com Making Natural Soaps by Sally W Trew with Zonella B Gould A member of Penguin Group (USA) Inc Free ebooks ==> www.Ebook777.com ALPHA BOOKS Published by the Penguin Group Penguin Group (USA) Inc., 375 Hudson Street, New York, New York 10014, USA Penguin Group (Canada), 90 Eglinton Avenue East, Suite 700, Toronto, Ontario M4P 2Y3, Canada (a division of Pearson Penguin Canada Inc.) Penguin Books Ltd., 80 Strand, London WC2R 0RL, England Penguin Ireland, 25 St Stephen’s Green, Dublin 2, Ireland (a division of Penguin Books Ltd.) Penguin Group (Australia), 250 Camberwell Road, Camberwell, Victoria 3124, Australia (a division of Pearson Australia Group Pty Ltd.) Penguin Books India Pvt Ltd., 11 Community Centre, Panchsheel Park, New Delhi—110 017, India Penguin Group (NZ), 67 Apollo Drive, Rosedale, North Shore, Auckland 1311, New Zealand (a division of Pearson New Zealand Ltd.) Penguin Books (South Africa) (Pty.) Ltd., 24 Sturdee Avenue, Rosebank, Johannesburg 2196, South Africa Penguin Books Ltd., Registered Offices: 80 Strand, London WC2R 0RL, England Copyright © 2010 by Sally W Trew with Zonella B Gould All rights reserved No part of this book shall be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the publisher No patent liability is assumed with respect to the use of the information contained herein Although every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this book, the publisher and authors assume no responsibility for errors or omissions Neither is any liability assumed for damages resulting from the use of information contained herein For information, address Alpha Books, 800 East 96th Street, Indianapolis, IN 46240 THE COMPLETE IDIOT’S GUIDE TO and Design are registered trademarks of Penguin Group (USA) Inc ISBN: 1-101-19700-5 Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 2009941620 Note: This publication contains the opinions and ideas of its authors It is intended to provide helpful and informative material on the subject matter covered It is sold with the understanding that the authors and publisher are not engaged in rendering professional services in the book If the reader requires personal assistance or advice, a competent professional should be consulted The authors and publisher specifically disclaim any responsibility for any liability, loss, or risk, personal or otherwise, which is incurred as a consequence, directly or indirectly, of the use and application of any of the contents of this book Publisher: Marie Butler-Knight Associate Publisher: Mike Sanders Senior Managing Editor: Billy Fields Senior Acquisitions Editor: Karyn Gerard Senior Development Editor: Christy Wagner Senior Production Editor: Megan Douglass Copy Editor: Jan Zoya Book Designer: Trina Wurst Indexer: Johnna VanHoose Dinse Layout: Ayanna Lacey Proofreader: John Etchison www.Ebook777.com Contents at a Glance Part 1: The Basics of Natural Soap-Making Introduction to Soap-Making Why make your own natural soap? Why not?! In this chapter, we entice you into the world of making natural soap Oils and Butters Turn here for a list of oils and butters used in soap-making, a description of each one, their shelf life, and what they can be used for 11 Fragrance and Essential Oils What type of fragrance and essential oils you need and how much should you use? Find out here! 25 Say Hello to SoapCalc In this chapter, we give you a tutorial on how to use the SoapCalc, explain what the numbers mean, and share what numbers you want in your soap 39 Soap Molds Soap without soap molds would be … well, liquid soap But that’s another chapter Turn here to learn more about soap molds 53 Part 2: Making Cold and Hot Process Soap 63 Cold Process Soap What is cold process soap? This chapter tells you, along with instructions on how to super fat, what equipment and supplies you need to make it, and more 65 Hot Process Soap What is hot process soap? This chapter tells you, along with the equipment needed to make it 75 Cold and Hot Process Soap Recipes Taking what you learned in Chapters and 7, you’ll find this chapter full of recipes a lot of fun 91 Goat Milk Soap Turn to Chapter for everything you need to know about making goat milk soap 107 10 Liquid Soap Solid bar soaps are wonderful, but if liquid soap and shower gel are more your style, this is the chapter for you Part 3: Getting Creative with Your Soap 115 141 11 Coloring Your Soap Turn here to learn about liquid colorants, oxides, micas, and natural colorants You also learn how to blind swirl, swirl in the pot, swirl in the mold, white on white, two-color swirl, and marbleize 143 12 Taking Your Soap to the Next Level Here’s where we get a little fancy and take a look at layering colors in your soap, and making fun things like soap curls, confetti soap, and cold process soap embeds 155 13 Fun with Melt-and-Pour Soap In this last chapter, we take a look at melt-and-pour soap and give you some fun projects to make, including soap crayons for kids! 163 Appendixes A Glossary 170 B INCI Labeling Names 176 C FDA Labeling Rules 178 D Resources 181 Index 185 Contents Part 1: The Basics of Natural Soap-Making 1 Introduction to Soap-Making How Soap Is Made Basic Soap Ingredients Adding In Some Fun: Additives And One More—for Safety The Importance of Safety Equipment Other Soap-Making Equipment You’ll Need The Shelf Life of Soap Storing Your Soap Frequently Asked Questions About Making Soap .8 Oils and Butters 11 Soap-Making Oils and Butters 12 Almond (Sweet) Oil (Prunus amygdalus) 12 Apricot Kernel Oil (Prunus armeniaca) 12 Avocado Oil (Persea gratissima) .13 Babassu Oil (Orbignya oleifera) .13 Canola Oil (Brassica campestris) 13 Castor Oil (Ricinus communis) 14 Cocoa Butter (Theobroma cacao) .14 Coconut Oil (Cocos nucifera) 14 Corn Oil (Zea mays) 15 Emu Oil 15 Flaxseed Oil (Linseed) 15 Grape Seed Oil (Vitis vinifera) 16 Hemp Seed Oil (Cannabis sativa) .16 Illipe Butter (Shorea stenoptera) 16 Jojoba Oil (Simmondsia chinensis) 17 Karanja Oil (Pongammia glabra) 17 Kokum Butter (Garcinia indica) .17 Lanolin 18 Lard 18 Mango Butter (Limnanthes alba) .18 Mowrah Butter (Madhuca latifolia) 18 Neem Seed Oil (Azadirachta indica) 19 vi The Complete Idiot’s Guide to Making Natural Soaps Olive Oil (Olea europaea) 19 Olive Oil Pomace .20 Ostrich Oil 20 Palm Oil (Elaesis guineensis) 20 Palm Oil (Red Unrefined, Unbleached, Nondeodorized) 21 Palm Kernel Oil (Elaesis guineensis) .21 Peanut Oil (Arachis hypogaea) 22 Rice Bran Oil (Oryza sativa) .22 Safflower Oil, High Oleic (Carthamus tinctorius) 22 Sal Butter (Shorea robusta) .22 Shea Butter (Butyrospermum parkii) 23 Soybean Oil (Glycine soja) .23 Sunflower Oil, High Oleic (Helianthus annuus) .23 Tallow, Beef .24 Frequently Asked Questions About Oils and Butters 24 Fragrance and Essential Oils 25 Fun with Fragrance Oils .25 Choose Your Scent 26 Safety First 26 How Much Do I Use in Soap? 27 Blending Fragrance Oils 28 Frequently Asked Questions About Fragrance Oils 28 Enhancing Soaps with Essential Oils 28 The Usefulness of Essential Oils in Soap .29 Adding Essential Oils to Soap .29 Common Essential Oils You Can Use 30 Frequently Asked Questions About Essential Oils 37 Say Hello to SoapCalc 39 How to Use SoapCalc 40 Box 1: Type of Lye Used .40 Box 2: Weight of Oils 40 Box 3: Water .41 Box 4: Super Fat % 42 Box 5: Soap Qualities and Fatty Acids 43 Box 6: Soap Recipe .46 Box 7: Save Recipe .46 Box 8: Calculate Recipe and View or Print Recipe .46 Free ebooks ==> www.Ebook777.com Contents Formulating Soap Using SoapCalc 47 Basic Soap 47 Olive Oil Soap 48 Lard Soap 50 Beef Tallow Soap 51 Soap Molds 53 What Can I Use for a Soap Mold? .54 Making Your Own Soap Mold 54 How Much Soap Will My Mold Hold? .56 Lining Your Mold 57 Melt-and-Pour Soap Molds 60 Unmolding Your Soap 61 Part 2: Making Cold and Hot Process Soap Cold Process Soap 63 65 The Basics of Cold Process Soap .66 The Skinny on Super Fatting .68 Cold Process, Only Faster: Cold Process Oven Process 68 Unmolding and Cutting Your Soap 69 Making Cold Process Soap 69 Basic Cold Process Soap 70 The Zap Test .74 Hot Process Soap 75 The Basics of Hot Process Soap 75 Making Hot Process Soap 76 Basic Hot Process Soap .77 Making Slow Cooker Hot Process Soap 82 Slow Cooker Hot Process Soap 82 Making Cold Process Oven Process Soap 84 Cold Process Oven Process Soap for Normal Skin 85 Cold Process Oven Process Soap for Mild Skin 87 Cold Process Oven Process Soap for Sensitive Skin 88 Cold Process Oven Process Soap for Difficult Skin .89 Cold and Hot Process Soap Recipes 91 A Few Notes Before We Begin 92 Beginner Batch (2-Pound Mold) .92 Beginner Batch (5×6 Mold) 93 www.Ebook777.com vii Index 189 I illipe butter, 16 in-the-mold swirl, 148 in-the-pot swirl, 148 ingredients, borax, distilled water, lye, measuring/weighing, oils/butters, INS (iodine in SAP), SoapCalc, 45 iodine, SoapCalc, 8, 45 iodine levels, soybean oil, 23 iodine number, shower gel, 124 itchy skin, almond oil, 12 ITMOP (in the mold oven process), 84 J—K jojoba oil, 17 karanja oil, 17 KOH (potassium hydroxide), 40 kokum butter, 17 L labeling, humorous, 105 lanolin, 18 lard, 4, 18 laundry detergent, 118 lauric, 13, 15 layered soap, 155-159 lice repellent mixture, 16 lice shampoo, 17, 19 light from oven, 87 liners for molds, 54, 57 freezer paper, 57-58, 60 removing soap, 61 lip balms, 18 liquid soap Another Easy Household and Laundry Soap, 122-123 Basic Household and Laundry Soap, 119-122 Basic Shower Gel, 124, 126 colorants, 144-145 Conditioning Rinse, 136 equipment, 117 increasing/decreasing batch size, 116 Liquid Facial Soap for Normal Skin, 138-139 Liquid Facial Soap for Teenagers, 139-140 Liquid Hand Soap, 137-138 lye, oils total weight, 116 pH levels, 117 potassium hydroxide, 9, 40, 117 scenting, 123 Shampoo for Dry, Limp Hair, 132-133 Shampoo for Normal Hair, 131-132 Shampoo for Oily Hair, 135-136 Shampoo for Slightly Oily Hair, 133-134 SoapCalc, 115-116 thickening agents, 118 log mold for layered soap, 156 lotion bars, mango butter, 18 LouAna coconut oil, 14, 24 lye, adding to water, 79 calculator, 70 concentration, water and lye, 42 cookware, Drano, fear of, hot process versus cold process soap, liquid soap, 9, 117 lye bites, 73 mixing with water, potency, slow cooker soap, 82 super fatting, 68, 86 types, vapor produced, vinegar, zap test, 74 lye to water mixing, 120 190 The Complete Idiot’s Guide to Making Natural Soaps M M&P (melt-and-pour) soap, 9, 163 additives, 165 bases, 164 boiling, 164 colorants, 165 dipping petals, 168 embeds, 163, 167 kids, 164 molds, 60, 164-165 scents, 165 soap paints, 166 soapy crayons, 168 makeup, 145 makeup remover, jojoba oil, 17 mango butter, 18 marbleizing colorants, 151 massage, rice bran oil, 22 massage blends, emu oil, 15 Meadowfoam Seed oil, 15 melt-and-pour (M&P) soap, melting points of oils, 21 men’s fragrances, cedarwood (atlas) oil, 31 metal for molds, 54 mica, coloring soap, 84, 145 molds 3D, 165 acrylic, light from oven, 87 CP, removing soap, 61 creating, 54-55 embeds, 162 hot process soap, 76 lined, removing soap, 61 liners, 54 lining, 57-60 M&P soap, 60, 164-165 metal, 54 plastic trays, removing soap, 61 Pringles potato chip can, 54 PVC pipe, 54 removing soap, 61 saponification, 66 shoeboxes, 54 silicone, 60 slab molds, 55 stamps, 54 store-bought, 54 unmolding soap, 61-62, 69, 84 volume of soap used, 56-57 wooden, 87 mold, tea tree oil (lemon scented), 37 motor oil, 24 mowrah butter, 18 myristic fatty acid, 13, 15 N NaOH (sodium hydroxide), 40 natural colorants, 146 natural ingredients for coloring, 100 neat usage of oils, 34 neem seed oil, 19 notetaking in first batch, 41 nursing mothers clary sage oil, 31 lemongrass, East Indian oil, 34 O odors in soap, 105 oils/butters, See also essential oils; fragrance oils almond oil (sweet), 12 amount per pound of soap, 70 apricot kernel oil, 12 avocado oil, 13 babassu oil, 13 base oils, basic oils, 67 calculating batch, 78 canola oil, 13 castor oil, 4, 11, 14 cleansing oils, Index 191 cocoa butter, 14 graininess, 157 coconut oil, 11, 14 corn oil, 15 emu oil, 15 facial bars, 67 favorites, 24 flaxseed oil, 15 grape seed oil, 16 hemp seed oil, 16 high oleic, 19 hot process soap, 79 illipe butter, 16 jojoba oil, 17 karanja oil, 17 kokum butter, 17 lanolin, 18 lard, 18 layered soap, 156 mango butter, 18 melting points, 21 motor oil, 24 mowrah butter, 18 neem seed oil, 19 olive oil, 19 olive oil pomace, 20 ostrich oil, 20 palm kernel oil, 21 palm oil, 11, 20-21 peanut oil, 22 cautions, 100 trace, 65 rice bran oil, 22 safflower oil, 22 sal butter, 22 shea butter, 11, 23 shelf life, 12 shortening from grocery store, 24 SoapCalc, 70 soybean oil, 23 storage, 12 sunflower oil, 23 super fatting, 68 tallow (beef), 24 total weight for liquid soap, 116 trace, 41 unsaponifiables, 76 vegan, Meadowfoam Seed oil, 15 wash-off products and, 67 washing from equipment in dishwasher, 126 water as percent of, 41 weight, SoapCalc, 40 oily skin, cocoa butter, 14 olive oil, 19-20 one-time-use soap, 168 online groups, 66 ostrich oil, 20 outside odors in soap, 105 oven, 76, 86-87 oxides cautions, 153 colorants, 92, 145 coloring soap, 84 M&P soap, 165 P palm kernel oil, 4, 20-21 palm oil, 4, 11, 20-21 palmitic, 13 paste, diluting, 122 paste weight compared to batch weight, 116 PCOs (procyanidolic oligomers), 16 Peacock colors, 144 peanut oil, 22 cautions, 100 trace, 65 percentages in recipes, 78 perfume to scent soap, 28 pets borax, 119 hot spots, 89 juniper berry oil, 33 karanja oil, 17 neem seed oil, 19 presence during soapmaking, pH levels, 4, 117 phthalates in fragrance oils, 27 192 The Complete Idiot’s Guide to Making Natural Soaps plaids, 161 planer, 104 Plant Aromatics (Watt), 30 plastic tray molds, removing soap, 61 polishing soap, 104 potassium hydroxide, 4, liquid soap, 117 SoapCalc, 40 powder colorant, hot process soap, 77 pregnant mothers bergamot essential oil, 31 peppermint oil, 35 rosemary oil, 35 sage, dalmatian oil, 36 sage, Spanish, 36 using essential oils, 37 yarrow oil, 37 Pringles potato chip can mold, 54 PVC pipe molds, 54, 61 Q—R rancid soap, super fatted, 42 recipes 50 Percent Goat Milk/50 Percent Water soap, 111-113 100 Percent Goat Milk Soap, 108-111 Another Easy Household and Laundry Soap, 122-123 Baby Your Baby Soap, 94-95 Basic Cold Process Soap, 71-72 Basic Hot Process Soap, 77 Basic Household and Laundry Soap, 119-122 Basic Shower Gel, 124-126 Basic Soap, 47-48 Beginner Batch 2-pound mold, 92-93 5×6 mold, 93-94 Buttery and Nice Soap, 99-100 Coffee Mocha Delight, 156-159 Conditioning Rinse, 136 Cool, Fresh Cucumber Soap, 100-101 CPOP Soap for Mild Skin, 87-88 CPOP Soap for Difficult Skin, 89 CPOP Soap for Normal Skin, 85-87 CPOP Soap for Sensitive Skin, 88-89 Facial Bar for Normal Skin, 103-104 figuring percentages, 78 Lavender Bar Soap, 97 Liquid Facial Soap for Normal Skin, 138-139 Liquid Facial Soap for Teenagers, 139-140 Liquid Hand Soap, 137-138 Manly Man’s Soap, 98-99 Olive Oil Soap, 48-52 Shampoo Bar Soap, 102 Shampoo for Dry, Limp Hair, 132-133 Shampoo for Normal Hair, 131-132 Shampoo for Oily Hair, 135-136 Shampoo for Slightly Oily Hair, 133-134 Shower Gel for Mature Skin, 128-129 Shower Gel for Normal Skin, 126-127 Shower Gel for Sensitive Skin, 129-130 SoapCalc, 46 Sweetheart Soap for Dry Skin, 95-96 red oxide cautions, 153 red palm oil, 21 refreshing fragrance, rice bran oil, 22 ricinoleic acid, 14 ROE (rosemary oleo resin extract), 12 room sprays, 32-33 rose petals in soap, 96 rosemary oleo resin, rough skin, almond oil, 12 S safety, 4, 71 equipment, 78 face shield, glasses, 6, gloves, 6, long-sleeved shirt, necessity, shoes, safflower oil, 22 Free ebooks ==> www.Ebook777.com Index 193 sal butter, 22 saponification, 3-4 caster oil, 112 castor oil, 102 heat, 76 hot process soap, 75 mold, 66 speeding up, 85 unsaponifiables, 76 scent household and laundry soap, 123 M&P soap, 165 perfume, 28 Select Shades colorants, 144 sensitive skin, apricot kernel oil, 12 shampoo, 130 cleansing number, 124 DL Panthenol B5, 130 equipment, 117 shampoo bars additional ingredients, 101 hemp seed oil, 16 shea butter, 11, 18, 23 shoeboxes as molds, 54 shortening from grocery store, 24 shower gel, 124 cleansing number, 124 iodine number, 124 storage, 118 shrink-wrapping, 104 silicone molds, 60 skin fragrance oils, 26 oils/butters, 67 skin types dry flaxseed oil, 15 hemp seed oil, 16 flaky, almond oil, 12 itchy, almond oil, 12 oily, cocoa butter, 14 rough, almond oil, 12 sensitive, almond kernel oil, 12 skin-safe fragrance oils, 28 slab molds, 55 slow cooker hot process soap, 82-84 smoking cigarettes near soap, soap adding essential oils, 29-30 coloring, 92 finishing bars, 104-105 hardness number, 48 shelf life, shower use, 74 storing, wrinkles, 87 soap bar stamps, 54 soap boxes, 105 soap calculators, soap cutters, 82, 104 soap paints, 166 soap planer, 104 soap qualities, fatty acids, 43 SoapCalc, batch sizes, 92 bubbly, 44 cleansing, 44 conditioning, 44 creamy, 45 essential oils, 43 fatty acids, 45 fragrance, 42 fragrance oils, 43 hardness, 44 INS (iodine in SAP), 45 iodine, 45 layered soap, 156 liquid soap, 115-116 oils, 40, 70 potassium hydroxide (KOH), 40 recipe, 46 soap qualities and fatty acids, 43 sodium hydroxide (NaOH), 40 super fat, 42 View or Print Recipe, 47 water, 41 website, 40 soapy crayons, M&P soap, 168 www.Ebook777.com Free ebooks ==> www.Ebook777.com 194 The Complete Idiot’s Guide to Making Natural Soaps sodium hydroxide, 4, SoapCalc, 40 soft soap, 41 soybean oil, 23 spider repellant, 118 sports blends, emu oil, 15 stained-glass M&P pieces, 161 stamps, 54 stearic, 13 storage, Basic Household and Laundry Soap, 118 oils/butters, 12 shower gel, 118 store-bought molds, 54 sunflower oil, 23, 109 super fat lye, 86 percentage, 42 rancid soap, 42 SoapCalc, 42 super fatting, 68 hot processing soap, 75 Shampoo Bar Soap, 102 sweet almond oil, 12 swirled soap, titanium dioxide, 156 swirling colorants, 147-151 T tallow, 4, 24 teenagers’ skin, 139-140 titanium dioxide, 145, 156 trace, 8, 67 fragrance oils, 96 oils accelerating, 41 peanut oil, 65 thickening foam around pot edge, 121 water phase, 66 triglyceride composition, sal butter, 23 U—V unmolding soap, 61-62, 84 unsaponifiables, 76 vanilla, 158 vapor produced by lye, vegan oils, Meadofoam Seed oil, 15 vinegar, volume of soap in a mold, 56-57 W—X—Y—Z water adding lye to, 79 as percent of oils, 41 lye concentration, 42 mixing with lye, SoapCalc, 41 substituting goat milk, 107 water phase, curing and, 66 water-to-lye ratio, 42 Watt, Martin, 30 weighing ingredients, 7, 67 weight of oils/butters in SoapCalc, 40 weight of paste compared to batch weight, 116 white-on-white swirl, 148 wooden molds, 87 wool oil/grease, 18 wrinkles on soap, 87 Yahoo! soap-makers lists, 105 zap test, 74 www.Ebook777.com ... www.Ebook777.com Making Natural Soaps by Sally W Trew with Zonella B Gould A member of Penguin Group (USA) Inc http://avaxhome.ws/blogs/ChrisRedfield www.Ebook777.com Making Natural Soaps by Sally... Part 1: The Basics of Natural Soap -Making Introduction to Soap -Making Why make your own natural soap? Why not?! In this chapter, we entice you into the world of making natural soap Oils and... Level 155 Making Layered Soap .155 Coffee Mocha Delight 156 Making Cold Process Embeds 159 Making Cutouts 160 Making Curls 161 Making Plaids 161 Making