NGU PHAP THPT

LESSON : TENSES ( Các ) SIMPLE PRESENT: (HTÑ) Affir : Neg: not+ V1 Inter: …? S+V1 /Vs, es S+ do/ does + Ex : Water boils at 100o c Ex : Tom doesn’t feel hungry Do/ does+ S + V1 Ex : How often you go to school? *(Be):am, is, are not ; (have):has/ have not +got = / does + not + have Diễn tả : P Tình cảm, cảm giác, nhận thức P Thói quen, phong tục, tập quán P Chấn lí, thật hiển nhiển Vớii : EVERY (day, year…), ALWAYS, OFTEN, USUALLY, SOMETIME, SELDOM, RARELY, NEVER, EVER, ONCE / TWICE / THREE TIMES + ( a day/ week/ month…), all the time, now and then Notes : Qui tac them es động từ có S số : - Các động từ tận : o, sh, ch, x, s, vaø z - Các động từ tận y mà đứng trước y phụ âm ta đổi y i + es ( She studies, Tom tries, He plays ) PRESENT CONTINUOUS ( HTTD) S + am/ is/ are + Ving Ex: We are studying English now S + am/ is/ are + not + Ex: She isn’t writing when he comes Ving Am/ Is/ Are + S + Ving ? Ex: What are you doing while I am doing? Diễn tả : P Hđộng xảy Htại vào lúc nói viết P hđộng kéo dài // Htại (while: khi) P hđộng kéo dài Htại có hđộng ngắn đột ngột xảy ra(S+ V1/ Vs, es) Với : AT PRESENT , AT THE MOMENT , NOW, RIGHT NOW, JUST NOW PRESENT PERFECT: (HTHT) S + has/ have + V3ed S + has/ have V3ed Has/ Have + S Diễn tả: Ex: I’ve just opened the door Ex: We have studied English for many years + not + Ex: Jack hasn’t come recently + V3ed? Ex: How long have you studied English? P Hđộng Qk ko rõ tg P Hđộng vừa xảy P Hđộng bắt đầu Qk, tiếp tục Htại & tiếp tục Tlai Với: BEFORE, ALREADY, RECENTLY= LATELY, EVER, NEVER, YET , JUST, TWICE, SEVERAL TIMES, SINCE + mốc TG, FOR + khoảng TG, UP TO NOW=UP TILL NOW=SO FAR… PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS: (HTHTTD) S + has/ have + been + Ving Ex: We have been studying English for many years S + has/ have + not + been + Ving Has/ Have + S + been + Ving? Diễn tả: đến Tlai - Hđộng bắt đầu Qkhứ, tiếp tục Htại & ( nhấn mạnh tính liên tục) - since + mốc TG ; for + khoảng TG SIMPLE PAST (QKÑ) S + V2ed Ex: I saw him yesterday S + did + not + Ex: She didn’t come last week V1 Did + S + V1 ? Ex: Did Mr Lee phone an hour ago? *(Be) : was / were ® wasn’t, weren’t Diễn tả: - Hđộng xảy & chấm dứt hoàn toàn Qk ( xác định rõ TG) Với: - YESTERDAY, AGO ,LAST (night, week, year…) PAST CONTINUOUS (QKTD) S + was/ were + Ving Ex: We were watching TV at pm yesterday S + was/ were + not + Ex:I was writing while my father was Ving reading Was / were + S + Ving ? Ex: She was sleeping as the telephone rang Diễn tả: P Hđộng xảy / khoảng Qk xác định ( at 7pm, from to 7, …) P hđộng diễn // Qk (while: khi) P hđộng Qk kéo dài hđ ngắn đngột xảy (S + V2ed) Với: AT THAT TIME, AT THAT MOMENT… PAST PERFECT (QKTD) S + had + V3ed S + had + not + V3ed Ex: Last night I went to bed after I dad done my homework Had + S + V3ed ? Diễn tả: Qk Với : - Hđộng xảy trước mốc TG Qk trước hđ ( trước: S+ had +V3ed ; sau: S + V2) SIMPLE FUTURE (TLÑ) S + will / shall + V1 S + will / shall + not + V1 Will / Shall + S + V1? Ex: I’ll buy it tomorrow *Note: will not =won’t ; shall not =shan’t Diễn tả: P P Hđ xảy tlai Lời yêu cầu (Will you + V1…? ); Đề nghị ( Shall I / we + V1 …?) Với: TOMORROW, SOON, NEXT (week, month,…) FUTURE PERFECT (TLHT) S + will / shall + have + V3ed Ex: We’ll have already finished the work by the time you get back tomorrow Diễn tả: P Hđộng hoàn tất tlai * Notes: 1) Near future: (Tlai gần) sửa, dự định… Ex: S + am/ is / are + going to + V1 : sẽ, I’m going to buy it tomorrow 2)Một số động từ sau thường không dùng với tiếp dieãn P Be : Ex: I am a student now P Những động từ giác quan: see, hear, feel, look (trông có vẻ), smell, taste, recognize P Những động từ cảm xúc: like, dislike love, hate, want wish, desire, refuse, forgive P Những động từ lí trí: understand, know, think, realize, suppose, believe, remember, forget, mind, expect, recollect P Những động từ bắt đầu, tiếp tục, kết thúc: begin, continue, finish… LESSON 2: PREPOSITIONS ( Giới từ) A COMMON PREPOSITION: I Prep Of Place: IN: ( nơi/ vùng/ khu vực/ quốc gia/ thành phố/ …) Ex: in the room/ Asia/ Britain/ London/ … in bed/ newspaper/ magazines/ the world/… ON: Ex: on the table/ the board/ the floor/ … on TV/ the radio/ telephone/ the way/ the street/ horse back/ … AT : (địa điểm nhỏ) Ex: at the desk/ the station/ the airport/ 72 Pham Ngu Lao street… at home/ school/ work… FROM : từ (nơi xuất phát) Scotland TO: đến (đích) BETWEEN : (2 người / vật) Nam and Nga AMONG: , số among these papers II Prep Of Time IN: 1977( 1890, 2008…) the summer (winter…) April (May, August…) the morning (afternoon, evening…) time: kịp lúc an hour - Ex : I will arrive in an hour ON : holiday weekend Monday 15, October October 15th 1977 Monday morning Christmas day time : lúc Ex: Mr Mac Donald is from Ex: Elizabeth went to the store Ex: Mai is sitting between Ex : The letter is somewhere fire : cháy AT: o’clock night midnight noon (the) weekend Christmas the end of the moment SINCE (+ mốc TG): kể từ … 1900 Ex: He has studied English since FOR (+ khoảng TG) : được… years Ex: _ for 17 FROM: từ TO : đến 1992 Ex: I lived in village from 1977 to III Some Other Prep : By : ,bởi fertilizers Ex: They can enrich the soil by using * by bus/ car/ train/ plane/ … On foot: For : cho , vì, để (chỉ mục đích) breakfast? Ex: Some people read for pleasure Ex: What would you like for With : với , Ex: He went with her Ex: I can write better with my own pen About : veà her? Ex: What you think about Of : cuûa room Ex: The window of the living B PREPOSITIONS FOLLOWING ADJECTIVES: Adj + TO : acceptable, accustomed, agreeable, contrary, harmful, important, kind, likely, lucky, open, pleasant, similar, familiar, helpful, (but: it’s very kind of you.) Adj + IN : interested, rich, successful Adj + OF : afraid, ahead, aware, capable,confident, full, tired, sure, proud Adj + FOR : available, difficult, late, perfect, useful, famous, responsible, sorry (S.O) Adj + FROM : absent, different, safe, far Adj + AT : clever, present, quick, skilful, good, bad, (angry at something/ with someone) Adj + WITH : acquainted, crowed, friendly, popular, busy, bored, pleased, fed up Adj + ABOUT : confused, sad, serious, worried, sorry (S.T) C VERB + NOUN ( PHRASE) + PREPOSITION: catch sight of give place to : trông thấy : nhường chỗ cho give way to : nhượng ,tránh đường cho keep pace with : theo kịp, sánh bước lose sight of : hút, không thấy lose touch with : liên lạc với lose track of : dấu vết make allowance for: chiếu cố đặc biệt make fun of : chế nhạo 10.make a fuss over/ about : cuống quýt việc 11 make room for : dọn chỗ cho 12 make use of : sử dụng 13 pay attention to : ý đến 14 put a stop to : làm dừng lại 15 put an end to : chấm dứt 16 set fire to 17 take account of : châm lửa, đốt : ý đến 18 take advantage of : lợi dụng 19 take care of : chăm sóc 20 take note of : ý đến 21 take notice of : ý tới D GO + PREPOSITION: after: đuổi theo giá ¹ up: tăng giá down: giảm ahead: tiến hành along: tiến triển on: tiếp tục off: nổ away: đi, rời khỏi nơi 10 out: tắt back: trở xét kỹ 11 over: xem by: trôi qua( thời gian) E CÁC TRƯƠNG HP KHÁC belong to : thuộc on the contrary : ngược lại on the whole : nói chung be up to = depend on : tuỳ thuộc vào listen to : lắng nghe suffer from : bị, chịu free from : giải phóng khỏi write …to wait for : viết … cho… : chờ 10 ask …for : hoûi xin 11 look at : nhìn 12 look after : chăm sóc 13 look up : tra từ điển 14 look out : nhìn 15 look for : tìm kiếm C * Notes: - a, an ,the - this, that, these, those - some, any, many, … - my, your, Tom’s, … + n II Adjective (adj.): 1) adj + n 2) adv + adj 3) be (thì, ), look có vẻ), feel, become, taste (có mùi), smell ( có vị), get, grow,remain, stay, turn, seem, appear, sound, … + adj Ex: That young girl is very beautiful III Adverb (adv): 1) S + Vi + adv Ex: They arrived safely 2) S + Vt + O + adv Ex: She did the housework disappointedly 3) S + Vaux + adv + Vmain Ex: He can surely it 4) adv + adj Ex: He is reasonably right 5) adv + adv Ex: Jack runs very quickly 6) S + V + adv Ex: We have bought it at that store recently ( or: adv + S + V + … ) store.) IV Verb (v) : V đứng sau S (or: Recently we have bought it at that Các hình thức ¹ V dùng nhiều vị trí khaùc Participle: Present participle ( Ving) Past participle ( V3ed) 1) Used in Continuous tenses ( Ving) 2) Used in Perfect tenses & Passive voice (V3ed) 3) Used as Adj: V3ed Ex: Ving Active meaning Passive meaning a/ The match excites the fans The match is exciting The fans are excited b/ The children have seen an interesting film The children are interested in the film B FORMATION OF N, ADJ, V: I V + suffix n : V + -tion, ation prevention -ment : development -er : fertilizer -ing : poisoning, dirtying - age : drainage -0 : safeguard II n + suffix adj : : conservation, preservation, - ful : harmful, useful, delightful, successful,hopeful, helpful, peaceful - less : childless, odourless, speechless, restless, careless, harmless, treeless - ly : manly, brotherly, worldly, hourly, yearly, daily n+ - like : childlike, godlike, lifelike, statesmanlike -y: = adj dusty, snowy, rainy, sandy, dirty, healthy - ish : foolish, selfish, childish - al : magical, agricultural, industrial, natural III OUT + Vi Vt (tốt hơn, nhanh hơn, lâu hơn) : outnumber, outgrow, outlive, outrun, outweigh IV UNDER + n / V n / V( thaáp hơn, bên dưới, hơn) : undergrowth, undercharge V OVER + n/ Adj /V n/ Adj / V ( giới hạn, vượt, nhiều) overcoat, overanxious, overact C WORD FORM CHARTS: satisfy (v) satisfied( past Part) satisfying (pres part) satisfactory (adj) satisfactorily (adv) satisfaction (n) disappoint(v) disappointed(past Part) disappointing(pres part) disappointedly(adv) disappointment(n) tolerate(v) tolerated( past Part) tolerant(adj) tolerable(adj) tolerably(adv) tolerance(n) important (adj) importance(n) difficult(adj) difficulty(n) determine (v) determination (n) tend (v) tendency(n) occupy (v) occupied (past Part) occupation(n) occupational (adj) potential (adj) / (n) 10 expect(v) expected (past Part) expecting(pres part) expectant(adj) expectantly(adv) expectation(n) 11 prefer(v) preferential(adj) preferentially(adv) preference(n) 12 attract(v) attracted(past Part) attractive(adj) attractively(adv) attraction(n) 13 reason(v) reasonable(adj) reasonably(adv) reason(n) 14 absorb(v) absorbed(past Part) absorbent(adj) / (n) absorptive(adj) absorption(n) 15 deafen(v) deaf(adj) / (n) deafness(n) 16 militarize(v) militaristic(adj) military(adj) / (n) militarily(adv) militarism(n) LESSON : ADVERBIAL CLAUSES OF TIME ( Mệnh đề trạng từ thời gian)) I PRESENT TENSES IN THE MAIN CLAUSE: Ex: 1/ a We always take our umbrellas when it rains b We are singing as she comes 2/ a I usually read a newspaper while I am waiting for the bus b I’m writing while they are talking 3./ He goes home after he has finished his work 4/ a She has played the piano since she was five b.I’ve felt much better since I’ve been here 5/ a She greets me as soon as she sees me b He continues his journey as soon as he has finished his meal Main Clause (Mđề chính) Adverbial Clauses of Time (Mđề Trạng từ TG) S + V1 / s / es WHEN = AS S + AM / IS / ARE + Ving (ñang…) WHENEVER S+ V1 / s / es WHILE =AS S + AM / IS / ARE + Ving(ñang…) S+ V1 / s / es AFTER ed S + HAS / HAVE + V3 SINCE S + V1 / s / es S + V1 / s / es S + AM / IS / ARE + Ving (ñang…) S + HAS / HAVE + V3ed S + V2ed® ĐÃ CHẤM DỨT S + HAS / HAVE + V3ed® Vẫn AS SOON AS S + V1 / s / es UNTILL = TILL S + HAS / HAVE + V3ed® Hoàn tất II PAST TENSES IN THE MAIN CLAUSE: EX: 1/ a I sat near the window whenever I took a bus b It was raining hard when I got there 2/ a I met him while I was walking down the street b I was writing while he was reading 3/ He smoked after he had finished his meal 4/ He had finished his meal before he smoked 5/ a He left as soon as I told him b He left as soon as he had finished his work Main Clause (Mđề chính) Adverbial Clauses of Time (Mđề Trạng từ TG) S + V2 WHEN = AS S + V2 S + WAS / WERE + Ving (ñang…) WHENEVER S + V2 WHILE =AS S + WAS / WERE + Ving S + WAS / WERE + Ving (ñang…) (ñang…) S + V2 S + HAD + V3ED AFTER BY THE TIME BEFORE AS SOON AS UNTILL = TILL S + V2 S + HAD + V3ED S + V2 S + V2 S + HAD + V3ED ®Hoàn tất II FUTURE TENSES IN THE MAIN CLAUSE: EX: 1/ a We’ ll go when we want b I’m goint to wait until you have finished your homework 2/ We will have finished the work by the time you get back tomorrow Main Clause (Mđề chính) S + WILL / SHALL + V1 OR: S + AM / IS / ARE GOING TO + V1 S + WILL / SHALL + HAVE + V3ed ®Hoàn tất Adverbial Clauses of Time (Mđề Trạng từ TG) WHEN =AS AS SOON AS S + V1 / s / es S + HAS / HAVE + V3ed®Hoàn taát UNTILL = TILL BY THE TIME S+ V1 / s / es BEFORE Note: Không dùng Tlai Mđề Trạng từ TG® Dùng Htại thay LESSON : MAKING & ANSWERING QUESTIONS ( Dựng & Trả Lời Câu Hỏi) Types Questions Answers Yes - No Or Wh Inter form? Inter form + A or B? Wh + Inter form? Yes, Spron + Vpreceding Q No, Spron + Vpreceding Q + NOT Affir form + A/B Affir form Ex: Uncle Ho / die / 1969? - Did Uncle Ho die in 1969? Yes, he did Faraday / writer or scientist? - Was Faraday a writer or a scientist? He / Faraday was a scientist When / Tom / go / school? - When does Tom often go to school? He/Tom often goes to school in the morning Notes: When “Wh” is the Subject or Modifies the Subject ® Affir form is used in the Q Ex: a/ Who can swim? Nam can swim b/ How many students are absent today? Two students are absent today Tag Question: Ex: The weather is nice , isn’t it ? Yes, it is Commands: V1…( Hãy…): List/ Mention/ Name/ Give… ® They are / It is … Ex: Name some English scientists They / Some E scientists are Newton, Faraday, … LESSON 6: ACTIVE or PASSIVE VOICE ( Chủ Động Thụ Động Cách) A: P: by S S O + V + + BE O + V3ed + (chia theo động từ câu Active) (A : Active Ex: P : Passive) 1/ A: Tom eats apples every day P: Apples are eaten by Tom every day 2/ A: They saw him in the shop P: He was seen in the shop ( by them ) ACTIVE PASSIVE V1 / Vs/es V2ed Am/ is /are Am/ is /are Was / were Am/ is /are + + being Ving Was / were Has / have Was / were Has / have + + been V3ed Had Will (would) Had Will (would) Shall (should) Shall (should) Can(could) Can(could) May (might) May (might) Must V1 + + V3ed Must + Be going to be + V3ed Be going to Be able to Be able to Have to Have to Ought to Ought to Used to Used to Notes: A: S + V + P: S + OR: BE + V OI + ed + OD 1/ OD + Ex: A: Lan gave Mary some books by + O ( S + BE + V3ED + for/ to + OI + by + O) OI OD P: OR: Mary was given some books by Lan (Some books were given to Mary by Lan.) 2/ A: S + Ví + (THAT) + S + V … P: OR: S+ BE + V3ed + TO + V1 IT + BE + V3ed + by + O + (THAT) S + V Ví: SAY KNOW BELIEVE TELL THINK REPORT CLAIM RUMOUR PROVE CONSIDER… Ex : A : They say that they has been ill P : He is said to have been ill (or : It is said that he has been ill.) LESSON 7: CONDITIONAL SENTENCES ( Câu Điều Kiện) Types and Use If Clause ( Mđề IF) (Loại Cách dùng ) Future Possible V1 /s /es ® ĐK Main Clause ( Mđề chính) will xảy HT&TL IF + S + V1 /does +not + S + shall + V1 can *BE: am, is ,are may Present Unreal: V2ed ® ĐK xảy HT&TL IF + S + would did not + V1 S+ *BE: were Past Unreal: ® ĐK IF + S + had + V3ed xảy QK should + V1 could might would S+ V3ed should + have + could might Ex: If it is fine, we will go I’d fly everywhere if I were a bird If you had met the president yesterday, what would you have done? ä Sentence Transformation: A/ UNLESS = IF … NOT If + = Unless + Affir form Neg for m am am /is/ are12 dislike /is/ are 13 endure not 14 enjoy / doe 15 escape s not 16 explain + V1 17 fancy = imagine If + 18 feel like S + 19 finish did 20 forgive not +V1 21 include wer 22 involve e not 23 justify had 24 keep(continue) not + 25 mention V3ed 26 mind 27 miss 28 practise 29 prevent 30 prohibit 31 propose 32 quit 33 recall 34 report 35 resent ... the street/ horse back/ … AT : (địa điểm nhỏ) Ex: at the desk/ the station/ the airport/ 72 Pham Ngu Lao street… at home/ school/ work… FROM : từ (nơi xuất phát) Scotland TO: đến (đích) BETWEEN