GSM and UMTS (P8)

Chapter 8: The UMTS Standardisation Work in ETSI Section 1: The Initial Work (up to Spring 1996) Philippe Dupuis 1 8.1.1 Introduction Some experts started working on, or maybe we should say dreaming about, third generation mobile communications in the mid-1980s, even before second generation mobile commu- nications took shape in GSM. UMTS was invented then. It was initially just a vague concept, something which had to one day take over from GSM and therefore had to be superior to GSM. There was also a view that the capacity of GSM would be exhausted just after a few years and that UMTS should thus follow very quickly. This was not a workable proposal as the industry could not throw away GSM developments and adopt a new system so rapidly. This initial UMTS concept had to evolve into a workable proposal. The main purpose of this section is to show how this happened. 8.1.2 The Genesis of the UMTS Concept The UMTS concept has emerged from the R&D work funded by the CEC under the RACE program. In parallel at the ITU and particularly in the Comite ´ Consultatif International Radio (CCIR) interest emerged for the elaboration of a single world standard for public mobile communications. This rapidly focused on next generation, i.e. digital solutions. It is inter- esting to recall the various activities which took place in these two areas. 8.1.2.1 The RACE Projects The RACE programme was initiated by the CEC to fund R&D in the area of telecommunica- tions. It consisted of a collection of precompetitive co-operative R&D projects associating companies, laboratories and universities belonging to several countries of the European communities. It generally addressed broadband communications. Initially the goal was called B-ISDN but later it became Integrated Broadband Communications (IBC). There was a 1 The views expressed in this section are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of his affiliation entity. mobile component which included Mobile Broadband System (MBS) and an advanced digital cellular system called UMTS, limited to about 2 Mb/s. A first RACE project on future mobile systems had been awarded around 1987. The project leader was Philips Research in Cambridge. 2 It seems strange a posteriori that, at the very time that the GSM group was working on the specification of a digital cellular system, work could start independently. Many reasons can explain or justify this. First the RACE project was led by manufacturers while GSM was an initiative of the traditional telecom operators. Some probably thought that RACE would limit itself to supplementing and supporting the work on GSM with some basic research. But others had certainly in mind the design of a system which would compete with GSM. In 1989 RACE 1043, a full phase 1 RACE project, was launched to continue the work undertaken by the first project. It covered the same area with a more important budget and in total 26 partners from 13 countries. It is probably within RACE 1043 that the expression UMTS was used for the first time. In 1990 I chaired the Mobile Expert Group of ETSI whose task was to review activities in the sector of mobile telecommunications. I remember that we had a tense meeting with a representative of RACE 1043, Ed Candy of Philips Research. The GSM and UMTS visions obviously belonged to different worlds. On ETSI’s side the current assumptions were that UMTS was to be considered as third generation, emerge around 1996 and that standardisation activities had to be carried out within ETSI, or within CCIR if one was aiming at a world standard. In 1992 RACE phase 2 was launched to cover the 1992–1996 time frame, including a ‘‘ mobile project line’’ , a set of projects in the area of mobile communications. The budget of this mobile project line was quite impressive totalling thousands of man £ months of effort. At this time I was involved in a small group whose task was to establish the overall relevance of RACE 2. To this end I made sure that there was a clear understanding of the features by which UMTS would differentiate from GSM. Among these features were an enhanced speech quality, the integration of IN concepts, multimedia services, increased capacity to allow the emergence of a mass market, etc. Nobody was expecting at this time that GSM phase 2 1 would eventually meet some of these requirements. We also clearly stated that the objective of the RACE projects was not to produce a full specification of UMTS, only possibly to provide an input to the standardisation group in ETSI. Despite this the RACE office in the CEC, headed by Roland Hueber, had in mind to control or at least play a major role in the process that would bring UMTS to the market. This was indeed their last opportunity to influence the future of the telecommunication industry as the Integrated Broadband Communications were then being eclipsed by the dominance of the Internet. In 1995 Roland Hueber invited representatives of the mobile industry, operators, and manufacturers to a meeting in Brussels, the purpose of which was to propose to set up an UMTS Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) quite similar to the GSM MoU. This MoU would have defined the conditions of the introduction of UMTS in Europe. In the opening speech Roland Hueber, the head of the RACE office made several agressive statements. In particular he said that the time taken to bring GSM to the market had been unduly long. The proposal to set up a MoU with the support the CEC was not well received by the audience. At that time it was generally understood that UMTS could only come as an evolution of GSM. The GSM MoU had also started activities on third generation and one tended to assume that a GSM and UMTS: The Creation of Global Mobile Communication180 2 At the European Seminar on Mobile Radio Communications (Brussels, 7–8 April 1987), already mentioned in Chapter 2, a presentation on the project was made by R. Gibson of Philips Research. possible UMTS MoU would have to be brought under the same roof as the GSM MoU. Finally, as a compromise, the meeting eventually agreed to create an UMTS Task Force to investigate the matter further. The work of this Task Force is reported in Chapter 7 section 3. In the meantime CEC funded R&D projects continued within the framework of the ACTS programme. 3 8.1.2.2 ITU, FPLMTS and IMT200 In the mid-1980s, even before producing results, the work of the GSM had attracted the attention of observers outside of Europe. That the Europeans had undertaken to develop a common cellular standard was indeed something unusual. At the same time the interest of international roaming had been demonstrated in the NMT system. Emerging countries were also in favour of a unique standard which would stimulate competition between the interna- tional equipment suppliers. I remember a high level panel discussion during the opening session of the ITU’s Asia Telecom 1985 conference in Singapore during which the CEO of Telecom Singapore made a plea in this direction. Richard Butler, the Secretary General of ITU, said his organisation would be ready to work in this area but the representatives of Bell Labs and NTT both stated that the cellular market was growing so quickly that it was not possible to lose time on developing an international standard. Initiatives in ITU indeed came from the working level in CCIR. A working party was set up which was successively called CCIR TG 8/1, CCIR IWP 8/13, and eventually ITU-R TG 8/1. It was chaired by Mike Callendar of BC Tel in Canada. For many years Mike Callendar was the apostle of a single world-wide next generation mobile standard. The working party invented an unpronounce- able acronym FPLMTS (Future Public Land Mobile Telecommunication System) which later was replaced by IMT 2000. 4 In the mean time a World Administrative Radio Conference in 1992 had designated frequencies around 2000 MHz to be used by a future world mobile telecommunication system. I remember several discussions with Mike Callendar in the early 1990s. He had been impressed by the work done in the GSM Permanent Nucleus, or later in PT12, and would have liked to see the same arrangements in ITU. But at the same time people expressed doubts on the capability of ITU to agree on a single standard and produce a full specification. One started then to mention a ‘‘ family’’ of standards, the IMT 2000 family, of which UMTS would be the European component. 8.1.3 The Early Work in SMG As explained earlier, ETSI’s Mobile Expert Group in 1990 had reviewed the whole area of mobile telecommunications. On UMTS the report recommended that ETSI set up a technical committee in charge of UMTS standardisation. It took some time before ETSI acted on this recommendation 5 and it was eventually decided in 1991 that the terms of reference of technical committee GSM would be extended to include UMTS standardisation. As reported earlier the name of the committee was then changed and became SMG. Not everybody in Chapter 8: The UMTS Standardisation Work in ETSI 181 3 TDoc SMG 487/94: preliminary information on ACTS. 4 TDoc SMG 306/94: developing a roadmap to FPLMTS (ITU). 5 The main reason why the Mobile Expert Group study had been undertaken was to decide whether ETSI should work on the development of the DCS 1800 specifications although at this time only the UK had the intention of building 1800 MHz. All the other issues addressed in the report were considered less urgent. ETSI was happy about this decision. Some would have preferred responsibility for UMTS to be given to technical committee Radio Equipment and Systems (RES) who dealt with radio specifications in general, or to a new committee. However, putting GSM and UMTS under the same roof made sense. First it ensured that the experience acquired on GSM would more surely benefit UMTS. But more important even was the fact that SMG would be in a position to determine the relative positioning of GSM and UMTS both in terms of features and timing. But in 1992 SMG had still a lot to do on GSM which was just starting commercial operation. Not much time could be spared in plenary meetings to discuss UMTS. An easy solution was adopted which was to delegate UMTS matters to a new subcommittee, SMG 5. SMG 5 was chaired by Stein Hansen of Norway in 1992–1993 and Juha Rapeli from Finland in 1993–1996. SMG5 meetings attracted representatives of the RACE projects, as well as from the research departments of operators or manufacturers. Members of this UMTS community, as we may call it, were quite different from those of the GSM community who were closer to operational matters. Often companies sent junior staff or even beginners to these meetings. As the chairman of SMG I regret that we did not succeed in achieving the unification of these two populations. As a consequence, the presentation of the SMG 5 report, usually on the last day of the SMG plenary meeting, did not generate a huge interest from the SMG participants. In such condi- tions SMG 5 tended to consider itself as an independent body. Quite often we had to remind them that some liaisons with ETSI had to be channelled via SMG. They also would have liked to have an independent project team rather than using the services of PT12. Another argument revolved around the fact that they had created subgroups to deal with services, radio aspects, etc. while some felt that in most cases the expertise should be sought in the other subcom- mittees particularly SMG 1–3. SMG 5 had also the task of attempting to unify the views of European participants in the ITU meetings on FPLMTS/IMT 2000 or in some cases to elaborate a European input to such meetings. SMG 5 undertook to issue framework documents defining the objectives or requirements for the various aspects of UMTS. 6 The first versions of such documents were approved by SMG in 1993. Through these documents the same vision of UMTS still emerged: an entirely new system based on the GSM model but different which would one day replace GSM. No one of those who had an experience in operational matters in SMG could imagine how such a scenario could work. As a result in 1995 SMG had not yet a clear vision of the introduction of third generation mobile services. Nor had the GSM MoU Association who had undertaken to study the matter (see Chapter 6, paragraph 2.6). This was going to come from another ETSI initiative. 8.1.4 The Global Multimedia Mobility Concept In 1995 ETSI created a Programme Advisory Committee (PAC). At the November 1995 Technical Assembly of ETSI, PAC suggested that a small expert group make proposals on the migration from the second to the third generation of personal communication systems. This group was chaired by Bernard Depouilly of Alcatel and worked very actively. SMG was represented by Gunnar Sandegren of Ericsson. GSM and UMTS: The Creation of Global Mobile Communication182 6 TDoc SMG 477/93: UMTS work programme. At the beginning of 1996 a draft report was circulated which was formulating a concept, or vision, called Global Multimedia Mobility (GMM). 7 It was based on the postulate that different access networks and core networks can be associated in a flexible manner, provided a suitable interface specification exists. Among ‘‘ core networks’’ the report identified ISDN, GSM, B-ISDN, ATM, TCP/IP. SMG was well prepared to accept this vision having specified the A-interface at the junction of the GSM radio access network and the GSM core network and undertaken to develop for GPRS an interface between the GSM radio access network and TCP/IP based networks. Quite concretely this concept enabled the visualisation of the following step by step approach to UMTS. In a first phase the UMTS Radio Access Network (UTRAN) would be developed and associated with an evolution of the GSM core network, including a TCP/IP component. This approach could be implemented in both new and pre-existing networks, thus allowing the building of new UMTS networks as well upgrading pre-existing GSM networks where UTRAN could be introduced progressively to boost capacity and/or functionality. UTRAN would of course interwork directly with Internet Protocol (IP) networks, a capability that GSM networks were to acquire already with the introduction of the General Packet Radio Service (GPRS). In a second phase a UMTS core network could be specified to focus mostly on broadband multimedia services and applications. With this approach the introduction of UMTS became a viable proposal. It indeed preserved the investments made by manufacturers and operators in the GSM technology while moving forward in the area of both radio technology and networking concepts, as well as eventually making multimedia services available in the most cost effective way. The GMM concept thus played an important role in the re-orientation of the work towards realistic objectives and scenarios even if it was not favourably received in the GA (see Chapter 8, Section 2). Chapter 8: The UMTS Standardisation Work in ETSI 183 7 TDoc SMG 194/96: global multimedia mobility (ETSI/TA24(96)45). Chapter 8: The UMTS Standardisation Work in ETSI Section 2: The Creation of the UMTS Foundations in ETSI from April 1996 to February 1999 Friedhelm Hillebrand 1 The foundations of UMTS were created in ETSI, mainly in the Technical Committee SMG, during the period from 1996 to 1998. This standardisation work had four major phases, which are treated in the first four paragraphs of this section: † UMTS priorities and work distribution: in 1996 (see paragraph 8.2.1) † The UMTS strategy consensus: from April 1996 to February 1997 (see paragraph 8.2.2) † Basic concepts of the UMTS standard: from March 1997 to March 1998 (see paragraph 8.2.3) † UMTS reports and raw specifications: from February 1998 to February 1999 (see para- graph 8.2.4) Then the UMTS work was transferred to the Third Generation Partnership Project in early 1999. The rest of this section treats legal and organisational issues and conclusions: † IPR issues (see paragraph 8.2.5) † The initiation of 3GPP, the new global organisation (see paragraph 8.2.6) † The work in ETSI complementing the 3GPP work (see paragraph 8.2.7) † Conclusions (see paragraph 8.2.8) This whole section treats the development from April 1996 to the end of 1998 from an SMG plenary perspective. I was chairman of SMG during this period. The report is focussed on the SMG related aspects: strategy and decisions. The report follows closely the events visible at the SMG plenary and points frequently to reference documents, which can be found on the attached CD-ROM. More information about the technical work can be found in Chapters 10–20. 1 The views expressed in this section are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of his affiliation entity. 8.2.1 The Agreement on the UMTS Priorities and UMTS Work Distribution in ETSI in 1996 8.2.1.1 The Global Multimedia Mobility Report (GMM Report) The ‘‘ Global Multimedia Mobility’’ report 2 was produced by ETSI’s Programme Advisory Committee as described in Chapter 8, Section 1, paragraph 4. It describes ‘‘ a standardisation framework for multimedia mobility in the information society’’ . It reviewed medium- to long-term trends in the telecommunication environment and technology. It recognised the variety of technologies and competition also in network operation. It proposed a framework architecture and described four domains: terminal equipment, access network, core transport network and application services. The report states explicitly that there is and will be a multiplicity of core networks and it recognises competition as a key element. The essence for the ongoing standardisation work is in the part ‘‘ Conclusions and Recommendations’’ . 8.2.1.2 Reactions by ETSI Members and Responses of the ETSI Technical Bodies The elaboration of the GMM report triggered a controversial debate in ETSI about a reorga- nisation of UMTS work. One manufacturer launched an initiative to take UMTS out of Technical Committee SMG and to create a new organisation in ETSI in June 1996. 3 All technical committees in ETSI were invited to comment on the draft report. SMG#19 (June 1996) received a report and proposal by Gunnar Sandegren, the SMG vice-chairman, who had represented SMG in the Program Advisory Committee. 4 SMG elaborated and agreed on a full set of comments on the conclusions and recommendations for the ETSI General Assembly. 5 SMG endorsed the conclusions and recommendations in principle and offered to bear the responsibility for specifying the radio access network for UMTS. SMG saw no need for a (superior) co-ordination committee. Instead SMG proposed to implement technical co- ordination by bilateral mechanisms between the technical bodies involved. In a second General Assembly contribution 6 SMG offered to keep the responsibility for the standardisation of all UMTS services and particularly that of the UMTS radio access network. SMG offered to serve in these areas the interest of the entire ETSI community. The main reasons given were: † To maintain Europe’s leading position in mobile communication by building UMTS on the footprint of GSM. † Competence for carrying out such work can be found in SMG only. † GSM is the system best aligned to the GMM. † Technical Committee SMG has developed a working methodology for the handling of evolving complexity in a changing environment It should be noted that Technical Committee SMG was the only technical body, who fully considered the GMM report and produced a written response to the General Assembly. Chapter 8: The UMTS Standardisation Work in ETSI 185 2 GMM Report Part A: Executive Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations in SMG 194/96 and ETSI/ GA26(96)7. 3 Meeting of the Interim Board. 4 SMG 517/96. 5 SMG 560/96 (revision of 554 and 539) (General Assembly #26 Temporary Document 16). 6 SMG 549/96 (Annex 2 in General Assembly #26 Temporary Document 15). 8.2.1.3 The Decisions on the GMM Report in the ETSI General Assembly 26 in June 1996 The General Assembly received several input documents and had an intensive debate. The report was noted. The range of subjects was very wide, therefore an approval was not possible. Regarding the conclusions and recommendations the following agreements were reached: 1. The modular architecture framework for all services and a multiplicity of networks was endorsed in principle (Conclusions 1 and 2). 2. Recommendation 1 to refine the GMM architecture and to establish or identify a group for it was referred back to the ETSI Board. 3. Conclusion 3 and Recommendation 2 regarding the provision of harmonised spectrum were seen as not relevant in ETSI. 4. The promotion of the GMM concept to other standardisation organisations was agreed (Conclusion 4 and Recommendation 3). 5. Conclusion 5, that the UMTS core network should be based on the evolving existing core network standards (e.g. GSM or ISDN) was referred back to the ETSI Board. Also Recommendation 4B to make sure that the evolving core network standards comply with the GMM framework was referred back to the ETSI Board. 6. It was endorsed, that it is an ETSI priority to develop the radio access network for UMTS (Recommendation 4). This means that the General Assembly saw the framework architecture principles as useful and confirmed the priority to develop the UMTS radio access network. All other issues were referred back to the ETSI Board. This outcome showed that no ETSI consensus in key areas had been reached during the elaboration of the report. 8.2.1.4 The ETSI Board Meeting #1 in August 1996 The Board agreed additional guidance mainly regarding the UMTS network aspects, which was added to the Executive Summary of the GMM Report: When continuing the work on the ‘GMM standardisation framework’, it must be taken into consideration that UMTS services require standards for new terminals, a new access network andenhanced or new network capabilities in existing core transport networks, e.g. GSM and narrowband ISDN. There will be a planned evolution path from existing GSM and narrowband ISDN networks to support UMTS and other future mobile services (Annex E to the Meeting Report). In addition the creation of a ‘‘ GMM co-ordination group’’ was initiated. This group should at least: ensure an overview of the relevant work of Technical Committees NA and SMG and that the relevant bodies were proceeding in the same direction (Meeting Report 5.2). Based on an SMG input document, 7 which I presented, the ETSI Board confirmed the Technical Committee SMG proposals and invited SMG to produce revised terms of reference to cover the existing GSM and UMTS work and make clear provision for the necessary liaison with other ETSI technical committees and projects concerning UMTS. The revised GSM and UMTS: The Creation of Global Mobile Communication186 7 SMG 564/96, 558/96 and 549/96, identical with ETSI/B1(96)9. SMG terms of reference were elaborated and agreed in due course by the SMG#20 in October 1996 and approved by the Board#2 in October 1996. 8 8.2.1.5 Bilateral Agreements between Technical Committees NA and SMG In bilateral talks between delegations of Technical Committee NA (network aspects) and Technical Committee SMG, Technical Committee NA confirmed that they saw the UMTS core network evolution based on ISDN as their responsibility. Technical Committee SMG invited NA1 (services) to participate in the SMG1 work on UMTS services. NA1 sent regularly a liaison person. SMG offered NA a subcontract in order to fulfil their additional requirements on the UMTS radio access network. This subcontract was not elaborated further. SMG invited NA regularly to provide their additional requirements. But it turned out that there were no additional needs for the use of the UMTS radio access in a ISDN based core network. 8.2.1.6 Conclusions on a Core Network Evolution and Work Distribution At the end of a cumbersome process an agreement within ETSI on strategic targets was reached in October 1996, which is fully reflected in the revised Technical Committee SMG terms of reference: 1. Specification of all UMTS services aspects in Technical Committee SMG with the widest possible participation; 2. Specification of one new UMTS radio access network in Technical Committee SMG; 3. Specification of the GSM core network evolution for UMTS in Technical Committee SMG; 4. Specification of the core ISDN core network evolution for UMTS in Technical Committee NA; 5. A loose co-ordination by the GMM Co-ordination Group with participation from all involved groups Technical Committee NA and other forces coming from the ‘‘ fi xed network world’’ tried to change this agreement in 1997 and to establish a completely new organisation for UMTS, which had meant a disbanding of SMG and the distribution of all GSM and UMTS work on several other new bodies (see e.g. ETSI Board#7 and #8 Reports). But these initiatives did not lead to a success since they did not gain sufficient support in ETSI. In addition even the activities on the ISDN based core network evolution did not lead to specifications for a services’ opening in 2002, since the community interested in this matter did not find sufficient momentum and support from their membership. 8.2.2 The Strategy Consensus for UMTS Achieved from April 1996 to February 1997 (SMG#19–#21) The original UMTS concept was developed in the framework of the RACE program in 1986. It described UMTS as ‘‘ mobile access to broadband ISDN’’ . This concept was transformed into a more market-oriented ‘‘ New UMTS’’ strategy based on the agreements reached in the Chapter 8: The UMTS Standardisation Work in ETSI 187 8 SMG revised terms of reference in SMG 662/96. UMTS Task Force Report, and the results of the UMTS Forum in close co-operation with the GSM Association in 1996/7. The main elements of the ‘‘ New UMTS’’ are: † Services’ innovation (e.g. VHE concept) † Continuity for GSM services and evolution from GSM † High performance interworking with the Internet The process to take back the lead and to build an initial consensus on the UMTS strategy needed three SMG plenary meetings: SMG#19 in June 1996, SMG#20 in October 1996 and SMG#21 in February 1997. Sections 2.1–2.3 describe this process in chronological order. They try to highlight the main aspects of this difficult transition and re-orientation process. Section 2.4 summarises the results. 8.2.2.1 The Initiative on UMTS taken back by SMG at SMG#19 in June 1996 at Kista, Sweden The UMTS work had been dealt with in the meetings before June 1996 by the sub-group SMG5, a community working relatively independently from the rest of SMG as described in Chapter 8, Section 1, paragraph 3. The SMG plenary was so loaded with GSM work that little time was left for UMTS. The biggest problem was the lack of a clear vision and strategy for third generation mobile services as identified in Chapter 8, Section 1, paragraph 3. In spring 1996 many SMG members realised that it was of strategic importance to deal properly at the SMG plenary with UMTS. When I came into office as chairman I changed the format of the SMG plenary, in order to gain sufficient time for UMTS. The time for GSM was shortened by enabling a new change request procedure which delegated decision power to the subgroups and saved plenary time. 9 In addition the treatment of controversial items was reorganised. 10 This allowed a new plenary format: 11 GSM was treated from Monday morning to Wednesday noon, UMTS from Wednesday noon to Thursday evening. Friday was reserved for postponed controversial issues, which could not be resolved earlier in the week. Small teams were charged to seek a solution for these postponed controversial items. SMG received a presentation of the UMTS Task Force report. 12 A full working relationship was established with the UMTS Forum and its working groups. I invited the chairmen to present their ideas to the SMG#19 and to all following plenaries. I was offered a seat in the Forum’s Steering Group. A co-operation agreement 13 between ETSI and the UMTS Forum was endorsed by SMG and approved by the ETSI Board. The overlap in work was removed. The activities of SMG on spectrum issues (in SMG5 and in the SMG spectrum task force) were closed and a close liaison to the Forum’s Spectrum Aspects Group established. 14 I became the official ETI representative in the Steering Group of the UMTS Forum, in order to ensure a close co-operation between the UMTS Forum and ETSI SMG. The chairman of SMG5 responsible for UMTS covered a wide range of subjects which had been treated by SMG5 in his status report. He presented several ETSI telecommunication reports and ETSI telecommunication specifications for approval: vocabulary, introduction, GSM and UMTS: The Creation of Global Mobile Communication188 9 See Chapter 5, Section 2, paragraph 5.2.4.5 10 See Chapter 5, Section 2, paragraph 5.2.4.1 11 SMG 352/96 rev.1. 12 See Chapter 7. Section 3 and text of the report in the CD ROM folder E. 13 SMG 547/96. 14 See Chapter 7, Section 5. [...]... Clarification of the UMTS Services Concept Further clarification on services was reached at SMG#22 in June 1997 by an agreement on dual mode of operation between GSM and UMTS and handover between GSM and UMTS as mandatory features † GSM only, UMTS only and GSM/ UMTS terminals should be allowed † GSM- UMTS handover is needed in both directions, i.e from and to UMTS or from and to GSM A UMTS role model was... † † † † Services and services capabilities (UMTS 22.05) Terminals and smart card concepts (UMTS 22.07) New charging and accounting mechanism (UMTS 22.24) Mobile multimedia services including mobile Internet and intranet services (UMTS 22.60) Virtual home environment (UMTS 22.70) Automatic establishment of roaming relationships (UMTS 22.71) Advanced addressing (UMTS 22.75) 8.2.3.3 UMTS System Architecture... SMG 555/98 96 SMG 38/99 97 SMG 681/98 94 210 GSM and UMTS: The Creation of Global Mobile Communication UMTS 23.10 ‘ UMTS Access Stratum: Services and Functions’’ as well as UMTS 23.20 ‘‘Evolution of the GSM Platform towards UMTS ’ were presented for information 8.2.4.3.3 UMTS System and Network Aspects at SMG#28 in February 1999 In addition the specification UMTS 23.30 ‘‘Iu Principles’’ was presented... ‘‘Japanese side’’ formed by ARIB and TTC delegates and the ‘ UMTS side’’ formed by delegates from SMG, UMTS Forum, ECTEL TMS and GSM MoU Association 86 SMG 757/97 Meeting Report 87 SMG 757/97 Annex 2 88 SMG 757/97 Annex 3 208 GSM and UMTS: The Creation of Global Mobile Communication In practical terms this allowed NTT DoCoMo to participate in SMG and SMG2 meetings and European companies to participate... Chapter 8: The UMTS Standardisation Work in ETSI 209 8.2.4.1.3 Use of SIM and Smart Cards in UMTS The subgroup SMG9 proposed a smart cards strategy to SMG#27 (October 1998) 93 Derived from the requirement that UMTS evolves from GSM it was requested that UMTS terminals support existing GSM SIMs Furthermore, it was confirmed that the UMTS Integrated Circuit Card (UICC) is a mandatory element of UMTS This was... 24 † The UMTS development should follow a phased approach † UMTS should have a modular approach (separation of access and core network) † UMTS phase 1 uses a new BSS and an evolved GSM core network and should be operational by 2002 † UMTS phase 2 (with a new core network) around 2005 † UMTS concept (basic studies including selection of the radio interface) during 1996–1997 † UMTS detailed standardisation... the ITU as an FPLMTS candidate 32 SMG 222/97 SMG 240/97 34 SMG 163/97 and 164/97 Early versions of these documents had been prepared in two meetings as an input to SMG by a subset of the SMG steering group: N.P.S Andersen the SMG2 chairman and me as SMG chairman, G.Sandegren and A Maloberti the SMG vice-chairmen and supported by A Bergmann the PT SMG co-ordinator 33 194 GSM and UMTS: The Creation of... network Broadband-ISDN Migration from existing networks Focus on innovative services and Support of GSM services Intranets and Internet Evolution from GSM services and networks Evolution of GSM roaming, MAP based IMT-2000 family of systems as framework standard in the ITU Detailed specifications in ANSI, ETSI, ARIB/TTC New development, INAP based FPLMTS as one monolithic standard in the ITU UMTS in ETSI... regular progress reports and many contributions from the UMTS Forum and the GSM MoU Group’s Third Generation Interest Group (3GIG) In autumn 1997 the GSM MoU Group agreed to extend the co-operation agreement with ETSI to third generation and to provide some funding for the UMTS work of PT SMG 8.2.3.1 UMTS Work Management The UMTS work plan contained a framework planning Since standardisation is contribution... SMG 718/96, 729/96, 727/96 15 190 GSM and UMTS: The Creation of Global Mobile Communication A meeting on the focus of UMTS work had been held and results were noted by SMG#20 22 The first firm agreements on UMTS phases and milestones were triggered by a contribution of Mannesmann, Orange, E Plus, Vodafone and DeTeMobil It contained principles, a phases definition, and a UMTS development schedule on key . and UMTS and handover between GSM and UMTS as mandatory features. † GSM only, UMTS only and GSM/ UMTS terminals should be allowed. † GSM- UMTS handover is. networks, e.g. GSM and narrowband ISDN. There will be a planned evolution path from existing GSM and narrowband ISDN networks to support UMTS and other future