Test bank for transformations women gender and psychology 2nd edition by crawford

Page of 14 Test Bank for Transformations Women Gender and Psychology 2nd Edition by Crawfor Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ This chapter has 69 questions Scroll down to see and select individual questions or narrow the list using the checkboxes below questions at random and keep in order Multiple Choice Questions - (50) Odd Numbered - (35) Short Answer Questions - (19) Even Numbered - (34)  Saying psychological knowledge about women is mostly androcentric means the information is considered created by men anti-woman → male-centered misogynistic Multiple Choice Question In the mid-1800's in the US, a First Wave feminist movement emerged It reached its peak with the , then lost momentum in the → Seneca Falls Declaration of 1848; 1920's after women won the vote Rochester Declaration of 1862; the 1930's when women lost the ERA Rochester Declaration of 1880; the 1920's after women won the vote Seneca Falls Declaration of 1870; 1930's when women lost the ERA Multiple Choice Question In the late ‘60s/early ‘70s some psychologists lobbied the American Psychological Association to form the _, which was officially approved in 1973 Association for Women in Psychology (AWP) → Division of the Psychology of Women (Division 35) Women's Studies Program (WSP) None of the above is correct Multiple Choice Question Thanks to considerable progress in the recognition and support of diverse women in psychology, women now earn _ of the PhD's awarded in psychology, and ethnic minorities earn _ the PhD's 67%; 19% → 70%; 24% 43%; 32% 50%; 25% Multiple Choice Question Until recently, men controlled institutions of knowledge, and if and when women attended university and developed expertise, they still were often denied legitimacy, the funds for large-scale research, or an actual → degree only recognized as legitimate PhD's in the United States Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Page of 14 Test Bank for Transformations Women Gender and Psychology 2nd Edition by Crawfor Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ denied teaching positions All the above are correct Multiple Choice Question A feminist who emphasizes male control and domination of women is most likely a cultural feminist → radical feminist liberal feminist Any of the above is correct Multiple Choice Question Feminism may be defined as the belief men not understand women by the belief sisterhood is more important than any other relationship → most simply as a movement to end sexism and sexist oppression All the above are correct Multiple Choice Question Which of the following is NOT true of the womanism movement? It began with criticism of the white women's movement It also is called "woman-of-color" feminism It fights racism and classism → It fights male control promotes domination by women Multiple Choice Question A person who believes women and men should be treated equally, supports the means to achieve this, and emphasizes the similarities between the sexes is a cultural feminist → liberal feminist radical feminist Any of the above is correct Multiple Choice Question 10 The liberal feminist perspective is less likely to emphasize the value of so-called feminine traits than the → cultural feminist perspective womanist perspective radical feminist perspective global feminist perspective Multiple Choice Question 11 Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Page of 14 Test Bank for Transformations Women Gender and Psychology 2nd Edition by Crawfor Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ A feminist who focuses on the differences between women and men and who feels "feminine" characteristics should be recognized as valuable rather than be devalued is most likely a → cultural feminist radical feminist liberal feminist Any of the above is correct Multiple Choice Question 12 A feminist who recognizes women as valuable and who believes social changes need to occur to benefit women is a cultural feminist radical feminist liberal feminist → Any of the above is correct Multiple Choice Question 13 Which of the following is NOT an important concept of ALL the feminist perspectives? Women are of high value Social change is needed if women are to lead secure and satisfying lives → Women must live separately from men and create their own culture Women's concerns are worthy topics of research and analysis Multiple Choice Question 14 A feminist focusing on how prejudice and discrimination against women are related to global capitalism and neocolonialism is a radical feminist liberal feminist → global feminist cultural feminist Multiple Choice Question 15 A feminist focusing on concerns like sweatshop labor conditions, unequal access to healthcare and education, and forced prostitution is a → global feminist radical feminist cultural feminist liberal feminist Multiple Choice Question 16 Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Page of 14 Test Bank for Transformations Women Gender and Psychology 2nd Edition by Crawfor Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Though Western society does not pressure women to undergo genital cutting or require them to veil their faces and bodies in public, Western society restricts women's bodily freedom and integrity through practices like sexual harassment in public places pressure to seek the perfect body through dieting encouraging women to undergo cosmetic surgery → All the above are correct Multiple Choice Question 17 Conservatism bases its belief of traditional roles for women on biology social context religion → a and c Multiple Choice Question 18 Which of the following justifies its view of women on the grounds of biology and religion? womanism pro-feminism → conservatism androcentrism Multiple Choice Question 19 Can men be feminists? No; feminism is, by definition, a movement exclusively for women by women No; men cannot understand and appreciate women's struggles → Yes; profeminist men can value women, working to reduce sexism Yes, but only in that they can support women who are working to end sexism and sexist oppression Multiple Choice Question 20 Biases in research can enter the process at the question formulation stage when researchers choose or create biased measures when a comparison group is chosen → All the above are correct Multiple Choice Question 21 Biases in the choice of research participants often include relying on college student samples Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Page of 14 Test Bank for Transformations Women Gender and Psychology 2nd Edition by Crawfor Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ → biases of age, social class, and developmental stage a tendency to study males and male issues more often than females and female issues All the above are correct Multiple Choice Question 22 The proportion of male-only studies has _ since the 1970's increased → decreased stayed the same alternately increased and decreased Multiple Choice Question 23 An example of a subtle sex bias in research would be the failure of psychological journals to report the gender of participants emphasizing research on all-female samples cannot be generalized to men, but failing to the same thing when all-male samples are used treating all-female samples as if they have limitations all-male samples not → All the above are correct Multiple Choice Question 24 Research on ethnic minorities of both sexes is scarce except when the results also are applicable to majority culture the emphasis is on ethnic individuals who have been assimilated into majority culture → the focus is social problems like teen pregnancy or crime the purpose of the research is to demonstrate majority culture superiority Multiple Choice Question 25 During the design stage of the research process all the following are done EXCEPT selection of method choice of research participants → collection of data choice of comparison group Multiple Choice Question 26 Which of the following would be an example of sexist bias in the research process? Research emphasizes whether mothers' employment harms their children rather than whether it benefits them An instrument used to study menstrual-related issues is named the "menstrual distress inventory." Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Page of 14 Test Bank for Transformations Women Gender and Psychology 2nd Edition by Crawfor Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ → Gender-related differences are more likely to be discussed and published than gender-related similarities All the above are correct Multiple Choice Question 27 According to the textbook, because many topics are gender-linked in researchers' minds, so-called male topics are decreasing in number preferred by researchers because women rarely "show interest" in empirical research → considered more important than findings on females All the above are correct Multiple Choice Question 28 One example of androcentrism would be women being studied more than men → generalizing findings about men being to all people findings about gender being seen as more important than findings about either sex separately white people being studied more than people of color Multiple Choice Question 29 When documenting research in journal articles, researchers state the reasons for and limitations of having a/an sample, but little explanation is given for a/an _ sample all-male; all-female mixed-sex; all-male all-white; all-black → all-female; all-male Multiple Choice Question 30 Research documenting _ is often overlooked, while research documenting _ is sought and publicized gender differences; gender similarities → gender similarities; gender differences masculinity; femininity femininity; masculinity Multiple Choice Question 31 Although experimentation is the most respected paradigm for psychological research, it may not always be ideal for research on gender because controlling for volunteer bias is particularly difficult in gender-related research Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Page of 14 Test Bank for Transformations Women Gender and Psychology 2nd Edition by Crawfor Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ → interviews may yield more accurate results the researcher creates an artificial environment to manipulate participant experiences people not always follow directions given by the experimenter Multiple Choice Question 32 Although psychologists like to experiments because they can show causation, interviews tend to yield more accurate results case study methods may be more useful to researchers overall few female researchers have been trained in the experimental method behavior in a laboratory may not be representative of behavior in other → situations Multiple Choice Question 33 To be a feminist researcher, one must be a woman a person of either sex, who approaches research with a feminist → perspective a liberal feminist an experimentalist Multiple Choice Question 34 When creating questions for her survey, Anne decided that she would avoid using terms often used to describe women and men in traditional roles Anne is trying to minimize sex bias in the _ stage of research → design data analysis question formulation All the above are correct Multiple Choice Question 35 The beliefs of the dominant groups in society are normative become more visible when those outside of the dominant group question them are not always recognized as values because they are so common in popular thinking → All the above are correct Multiple Choice Question 36 Values of the dominant group in society are reflected in psychological research These values are harmful to the research Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Page of 14 Test Bank for Transformations Women Gender and Psychology 2nd Edition by Crawfor Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ → should be identified should be examined to clarify biases present in the research process All the above are correct Multiple Choice Question 37 The core beliefs uniting feminist psychologists include all of the following EXCEPT → universal laws of behavior are necessary empirical research is important and worthwhile science can never be value-free or completely objective many external forces shape human behavior Multiple Choice Question 38 With regards to differences and similarities among women, feminist psychologists believe we must not assume all women have much in common with each other simply because they are women women's psychology is affected by women's social and cultural backgrounds it is important to study varied groups of women → All the above are correct Multiple Choice Question 39 Feminist psychologists believe, with regards to equality with men, women will probably never truly be seen as equal → have not yet achieved full equality have nearly achieved full equality achieved full equality in the 1960's and 1970's, but have lost many of the gains they made at that time Multiple Choice Question 40 Inequalities women face and/or have faced include denying women the right to vote, own property, or use public spaces denying women the right to make decisions about their own bodies being paid less at work and sexist harassment → All the above are correct Multiple Choice Question 41 With regards to the popular belief "men are from Mars and women are from Venus," feminists believe → women and men are not complete opposites of each other gender similarities should always be emphasized gender differences are primarily related to biology Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Page of 14 Test Bank for Transformations Women Gender and Psychology 2nd Edition by Crawfor Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ the differences between women and men are greater than the differences among men or among women Multiple Choice Question 42 A woman who is wealthy and privileged may actually have more in common with poor women than with wealthy and privileged men women from ethnic minorities than with poor women → wealthy and privileged men than with poor women poor women than with women from ethnic minorities Multiple Choice Question 43 One of the dangers of creating a "generic" woman against which to compare all women of color is deciding to which "kind" of woman of color the generic model should refer that the word "generic" is seen as inherently offensive to feminists researchers are making white women the norm, just as previous → psychologists made men the norm All the above are correct Multiple Choice Question 44 Psychology has traditionally focused on changing individuals, including altering attitudes increasing insight and self-understanding reducing or eliminating self-defeating thinking and behaviors → All the above are correct Multiple Choice Question 45 While psychology has traditionally focused on changing individuals, → it can also contribute to social change feminists believe there should be a more concerted effort to change men feminists believe women should never be asked to change All the above are correct Multiple Choice Question 46 Women who wish to change as individuals may find hard work will help them accomplish whatever they hope to accomplish there are limits to the power of individual change due to social → structures social-structural problems may be problematic; however, commitment and persistence to individual change will prevail a and c Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ 10 of 14 Test Bank for Transformations Women Gender and Psychology 2nd Edition by Page Crawfor Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Multiple Choice Question 47 The psychology of women is particularly linked to women's biological instincts roles as wives and mothers → place in society and culture All the above are correct Multiple Choice Question 48 Third-wave groups such as the Riot Grrrls have goals such as reclaiming girl culture asserting women's place in rock and pop music proclaiming the joys of women's sexuality → All the above are correct Multiple Choice Question 49 Crawford believes if feminist psychologists concentrate on studying the experiences of white, middle-class, heterosexual women, they will have a clear understanding of the psychology of women they will be able to generalize their knowledge to other women with minor adjustments, because this population comprises the majority of women they will understand how gender and other social factors interact for all women they will limit the understanding of women's experiences, just as → understanding of humans was limited when white males were the primary focus of research Multiple Choice Question 50 Feminists believe gender equality is possible social contexts shape people's behavior social contexts limit human potential → All the above are correct Multiple Choice Question 51 Describe how a feminist approach is employed in research How does this approach differ from traditional ones? Explanation: Answer will vary Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ 11 of 14 Test Bank for Transformations Women Gender and Psychology 2nd Edition by Page Crawfor Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Short Answer Question 52 Give several examples of ways in which women have historically been marginalized Explanation: Answer will vary Short Answer Question 53 Define androcentrism Give examples of androcentric bias in psychology Explanation: Answer will vary Short Answer Question 54 How is feminist psychology similar to and different from "regular" psychology? Explanation: Answer will vary Short Answer Question 55 The kind of feminism emphasizing full legal and social equality for women and men is called _, whereas the kind of feminism analyzing male control and dominance is called Discuss the similarities and differences between these two perspectives Explanation: Answer will vary Short Answer Question 56 Briefly explain what is meant by the statement, "Science can never be fully objective or value-neutral." Explanation: Answer will vary Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ 12 of 14 Test Bank for Transformations Women Gender and Psychology 2nd Edition by Page Crawfor Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Short Answer Question 57 Briefly explain how the psychology of women got started Explanation: Answer will vary Short Answer Question 58 Why is it important to include women of diverse backgrounds in studies of and theories about women? Explanation: Answer will vary Short Answer Question 59 Explain how and why sexism can and should be avoided in at least three of the following stages of the research process: question formulation, research design, data analysis, and interpretation and publication of results Explanation: Answer will vary Short Answer Question 60 What values unite feminist psychologists? Why are these values important if we are to have accurate descriptions of women's and men's lives? Explanation: Answer will vary Short Answer Question 61 What sorts of things can men to support feminist goals? Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ 13 of 14 Test Bank for Transformations Women Gender and Psychology 2nd Edition by Page Crawfor Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Explanation: Answer will vary Short Answer Question 62 If you are a feminist, or if you had to call yourself a feminist, which kind of feminism would you ascribe to and why? Explanation: Answer will vary Short Answer Question 63 Compare and contrast each of the different types of feminism What does each type of feminism stand for? Explanation: Answer will vary Short Answer Question 64 How has the Women's Movement affected psychology? How has psychology affected the Women's Movement? Explanation: Answer will vary Short Answer Question 65 What does AWP stand for, and what is its purpose? Explanation: Answer will vary Short Answer Question 66 Briefly explain how woman-of-color feminism, or womanism, began Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ 14 of 14 Test Bank for Transformations Women Gender and Psychology 2nd Edition by Page Crawfor Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Explanation: Answer will vary Short Answer Question 67 Radical feminism has fostered much research on _ and Why is this important? Explanation: Answer will vary Short Answer Question 68 Which issue is the so-called "third wave" of feminism tackling? Explanation: Answer will vary Short Answer Question 69 Briefly describe Mary Calkins' experience in the academic world and her contributions to early US psychology What proponents of conservatism believe, and how have those views changed over the years? Explanation: Answer will vary Short Answer Question Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/