handbook of algorithms for physical automation alpert, mehta sapatnekar 2008 11 12 Cấu trúc dữ liệu và giải thuật

CuuDuongThanCong.com Alpert/Handbook of Algorithms for Physical Design Automation AU7242_C000 Handbook of Algorithms for Physical design Automation CuuDuongThanCong.com Finals Page i 9-10-2008 #1 Alpert/Handbook of Algorithms for Physical Design Automation AU7242_C000 CuuDuongThanCong.com Finals Page ii 9-10-2008 #2 Alpert/Handbook of Algorithms for Physical Design Automation AU7242_C000 Finals Page iii 9-10-2008 #3 Handbook of Algorithms for Physical design Automation Edited by Charles J alpert Dinesh p mehta Sachin S Sapatnekar Boca Raton London New York CRC Press is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business AN AUERBACH BOOK CuuDuongThanCong.com Alpert/Handbook of Algorithms for Physical Design Automation AU7242_C000 Finals Page iv 9-10-2008 #4 Auerbach Publications Taylor & Francis Group 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300 Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 © 2009 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC, except for Chapter 19, © by Jason Cong and Joseph R Shinnerl Printed with permission Auerbach is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business No claim to original U.S Government works Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper 10 International Standard Book Number-13: 978-0-8493-7242-1 (Hardcover) This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or the consequences of their use The authors and publishers have attempted to trace the copyright holders of all material reproduced in this publication and apologize to copyright holders if permission to publish in this form has not been obtained If any copyright material has not been acknowledged please write and let us know so we may rectify in any future reprint Except as permitted under U.S Copyright Law, no part of this book may be reprinted, reproduced, transmitted, or utilized in any form by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without written permission from the publishers For permission to photocopy or use material electronically from this work, please access www.copyright.com (http:// www.copyright.com/) or contact the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc (CCC), 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400 CCC is a not-for-profit organization that provides licenses and registration for a variety of users For organizations that have been granted a photocopy license by the CCC, a separate system of payment has been arranged Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Handbook of algorithms for physical design automation / edited by Charles J Alpert, Dinesh P Mehta, Sachin S Sapatnekar p cm Includes bibliographical references and index ISBN-13: 978-0-8493-7242-1 ISBN-10: 0-8493-7242-9 Integrated circuit layout Mathematics Handbooks, manuals, etc Integrated circuit layout Data processing Handbooks, manuals, etc Integrated circuits Very large scale integration Design and construction Data processing Handbooks, manuals, etc Algorithms I Alpert, Charles J II Mehta, Dinesh P III Sapatnekar, Sachin S., 1967- IV Title TK7874.55.H36 2009 621.3815 dc22 Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at http://www.taylorandfrancis.com and the Auerbach Web site at http://www.auerbach-publications.com CuuDuongThanCong.com 2008014182 Alpert/Handbook of Algorithms for Physical Design Automation AU7242_C000 Finals Page v 9-10-2008 #5 Dedications To the wonderful girls in my life: Cheryl, Candice, Ciara, and Charlie Charles J Alpert To the memory of my grandparents: Nalinee and Gajanan Kamat, Radha and Shreenath Mehta Dinesh P Mehta To Ofelia and Arunito Sachin S Sapatnekar CuuDuongThanCong.com Alpert/Handbook of Algorithms for Physical Design Automation AU7242_C000 CuuDuongThanCong.com Finals Page vi 9-10-2008 #6 Alpert/Handbook of Algorithms for Physical Design Automation AU7242_C000 Finals Page vii 9-10-2008 #7 Contents Editors xiii Contributors xv PART I Introduction Chapter Introduction to Physical Design Charles J Alpert, Dinesh P Mehta, and Sachin S Sapatnekar Chapter Layout Synthesis: A Retrospective Ralph H.J.M Otten Chapter Metrics Used in Physical Design 29 Frank Liu and Sachin S Sapatnekar PART II Foundations Chapter Basic Data Structures 55 Dinesh P Mehta and Hai Zhou Chapter Basic Algorithmic Techniques 73 Vishal Khandelwal and Ankur Srivastava Chapter Optimization Techniques for Circuit Design Applications 89 Zhi-Quan Luo Chapter Partitioning and Clustering 109 Dorothy Kucar PART III Floorplanning Chapter Floorplanning: Early Research 139 Susmita Sur-Kolay vii CuuDuongThanCong.com Alpert/Handbook of Algorithms for Physical Design Automation AU7242_C000 viii Finals Page viii 9-10-2008 #8 Contents Chapter Slicing Floorplans 161 Ting-Chi Wang and Martin D.F Wong Chapter 10 Floorplan Representations 185 Evangeline F.Y Young Chapter 11 Packing Floorplan Representations 203 Tung-Chieh Chen and Yao-Wen Chang Chapter 12 Recent Advances in Floorplanning 239 Dinesh P Mehta and Yan Feng Chapter 13 Industrial Floorplanning and Prototyping 257 Louis K Scheffer PART IV Chapter 14 Placement Placement: Introduction/Problem Formulation 277 Gi-Joon Nam and Paul G Villarrubia Chapter 15 Partitioning-Based Methods 289 Jarrod A Roy and Igor L Markov Chapter 16 Placement Using Simulated Annealing 311 William Swartz Chapter 17 Analytical Methods in Placement 327 Ulrich Brenner and Jens Vygen Chapter 18 Force-Directed and Other Continuous Placement Methods 347 Andrew Kennings and Kristofer Vorwerk Chapter 19 Enhancing Placement with Multilevel Techniques 377 Jason Cong and Joseph R Shinnerl Chapter 20 Legalization and Detailed Placement 399 Ameya R Agnihotri and Patrick H Madden CuuDuongThanCong.com Alpert/Handbook of Algorithms for Physical Design Automation AU7242_C000 Finals Page ix 9-10-2008 #9 ix Contents Chapter 21 Timing-Driven Placement 423 David Z Pan, Bill Halpin, and Haoxing Ren Chapter 22 Congestion-Driven Physical Design 447 Saurabh N Adya and Xiaojian Yang PART V Net Layout and Optimization Chapter 23 Global Routing Formulation and Maze Routing 469 Muhammet Mustafa Ozdal and Martin D.F Wong Chapter 24 Minimum Steiner Tree Construction 487 Gabriel Robins and Alexander Zelikovsky Chapter 25 Timing-Driven Interconnect Synthesis 509 Jiang Hu, Gabriel Robins, and Cliff C N Sze Chapter 26 Buffer Insertion Basics 535 Jiang Hu, Zhuo Li, and Shiyan Hu Chapter 27 Generalized Buffer Insertion 557 Miloš Hrki´c and John Lillis Chapter 28 Buffering in the Layout Environment 569 Jiang Hu and Cliff C N Sze Chapter 29 Wire Sizing 585 Sanghamitra Roy and Charlie Chung-Ping Chen PART VI Routing Multiple Signal Nets Chapter 30 Estimation of Routing Congestion 599 Rupesh S Shelar and Prashant Saxena Chapter 31 Rip-Up and Reroute 615 Jeffrey S Salowe CuuDuongThanCong.com ... Sachin S Sapatnekar p cm Includes bibliographical references and index ISBN-13: 97 8-0 -8 49 3-7 24 2-1 ISBN-10: 0-8 49 3-7 24 2-9 Integrated circuit layout Mathematics Handbooks, manuals, etc Integrated... Government works Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper 10 International Standard Book Number-13: 97 8-0 -8 49 3-7 24 2-1 (Hardcover) This book contains information obtained from authentic... components It was called sea-of-gates, because the unwired chip was mostly nothing else than alternating rows of p-type and n-type metal oxide semiconductor (MOS)-transistors Contacts with the