Test bank for methods in behavioural research 2nd canadian edition by cozby

Test Bank for Methods in Behavioural Research 2nd Canadian Edition by Cozby Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Exam Name _ MULTIPLE CHOICE Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question 1) Which one of the following journal-article titles most likely represents an applied research study? A) "Measurement of reaction times to different coloured lights" B) "Increasing recycling of fast-food containers: A test at an amusement park" C) "The influence of a food reward on maze running behaviour in kittens" D) "Cognitive factors influencing logical reasoning" 1) 2) Which one of the following journal-article titles most likely represents an example of basic research? A) "Effect of situational factors on assessment of blame: A test of attribution theory" B) "Teaching youths with autism to offer assistance" C) "Effect of size and lettering style of signs on wayfinding accuracy in a hospital" D) "Encouraging recycling: An evaluation of a media campaign" 2) 3) Which one of the following journal article titles most likely represents an example of a basic research study? A) "Increasing knowledge of dangers in the home: An online survey" B) "The effect of self-awareness on a cognitive reasoning task" C) "A peer tutoring program as a method to increase cultural sensitivity" D) "Buying behaviour: The influence of item shelf placement in retail grocery stores" 3) 4) Which statement best illustrates the scientific goal of describing behaviour? A) Jurors judge attractive defendants more leniently than unattractive defendants B) Puppies who drink milk will grow more than puppies who drink water because milk contains a greater amount of nutrients C) A loud noise will gain a person's attention more than a soft noise will because the loud noise startles the person D) Alcohol consumption increases the likelihood of an automobile accident because it affects a driver's reaction time 4) 5) An important component of the scientific approach is peer review Which of the following is NOT a reason for employing peer review? It aims to A) ensure that research with major obvious flaws will not be part of scientific literature B) ensure that only the best research is published C) ensure that the best ideas are supported by research, and allows others to build upon the research thereby further advancing the field of study D) allow publication of only those findings with which other researchers agree 5) Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Test Bank for Methods in Behavioural Research 2nd Canadian Edition by Cozby Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ 6) When data fails to provide support for some idea that is advanced, we can say that _ has occurred A) an error B) falsifiability C) skepticism D) peer review 6) 7) A Ph.D student is interested in determining the fundamental causes of depression in humans Her ultimate goal is that her research may one day result in new drugs to treat the disease This is an example of what type of research A) Basic B) Basic and applied C) Neither basic nor applied D) Applied 7) 8) Which one of the following statements is accurate? A) Basic and applied research are both equally important B) Basic research is far more important than applied research C) Applied research is far more important than basic research D) Basic and applied research are both of less importance than theoretical research 8) 9) A scientist states that "there is evidence for the existence of ghosts because she herself has felt their presence." This claim should A) result in you being skeptical about her claim B) cause you to believe in ghosts C) be accepted because she is also a scientist D) be accepted because she has personally felt their presence 9) 10) Which of the following characteristics is true of pseudoscience? The A) hypotheses are always falsifiable B) hypotheses are testable C) claims rigorously consider conflicting evidence D) claims are stated using scientific-sounding terminology and ideas 10) 11) The 11) distinction between basic research and applied research is that basic research _, while applied research _ A) relies more heavily on the social sciences such as psychology or sociology; relies more heavily on the fundamental sciences such as chemistry or biology B) concentrates on fundamental questions often of a theoretical nature; concentrates on identifying and resolving practical problems C) relies more heavily on the fundamental sciences such as chemistry or biology; relies more heavily on the social sciences such as psychology or sociology D) concentrates on identifying and resolving practical problems; concentrates on fundamental questions often of a theoretical nature Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Test Bank for Methods in Behavioural Research 2nd Canadian Edition by Cozby Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ 12) Professor White finds that students who read a daily newspaper display more knowledge of current events than students who not read a daily newspaper This identification of a cause of behaviour is an example of what type of evidence? A) Cognitive awareness B) Temporal precedence C) Elimination of alternative explanations D) Covariation of cause and effect 12) 13) When 13) 14) The 14) 15) The 15) 16) The 16) 17) Which 17) students assume that their textbook must be correct, they are relying on _ as a way of knowing A) creativity B) experience C) authority D) the a priori method four goals of scientific research are to A) describe, prescribe, eliminate, and undermine behaviour B) describe, prescribe, explain, and undermine behaviour C) describe, predict, explain, and determine the causes of behaviour D) describe, predict, eliminate, and determine the causes of behaviour statement, "Participants in quiet environments score consistently higher on math achievement tests than participants in noisy environments" is an example of behaviour; while the statement, "The difference between participants in quiet versus noisy rooms on math achievement scores occurs because there is less distraction in quiet rooms" is an example of behaviour A) explaining; predicting B) describing; determining the cause of C) explaining; determining the cause of D) describing; predicting statement, "Obese persons eat faster than non-obese persons" is an example of behaviour; and the statement, "The different eating habits of obese and non-obese persons are caused by physiological factors" is an example of behaviour A) explaining; describing B) explaining; predicting C) predicting; explaining D) describing; explaining of the following goals of science is most important for changing behaviour? B) Determination of cause C) Prediction D) Description A) Explanation 18) When Dr Jones attempts to determine reasons why female defendants are rated more leniently than male defendants, he is attempting to meet which goal of science? A) Determining cause of behaviour B) Describing behaviour C) Predicting behaviour D) Explaining behaviour Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ 18) Test Bank for Methods in Behavioural Research 2nd Canadian Edition by Cozby Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ 19) Martha observes which food item is purchased the most in the student cafeteria Martha's behaviour best illustrates which goal of science? A) Predicting behaviour B) Describing behaviour C) Determining cause of behaviour D) Explaining behaviour 19) 20) Which 20) 21) Which of the following is NOT a requirement for identifying a cause of a behaviour? A) Observational analysis B) Elimination of alternative explanations C) Temporal precedence D) Covariation of cause and effect 21) 22) In determining the cause of behaviour, which principle considers the order in which two events occur together? A) Observational analysis B) Covariation of cause and effect C) Temporal precedence D) Elimination of alternative explanations 22) 23) Dave 23) 24) In 24) of the following is NOT a goal of science? A) Predicting behaviour B) Eliminating behaviour C) Determining the cause of behaviour D) Describing behaviour knows that when Ken drinks alcohol he becomes very talkative This identification of a cause of behaviour is an example of what type of evidence? A) Observational analysis B) Temporal precedence C) Elimination of alternative explanations D) Covariation of cause and effect determining the cause of behaviour, the principle of _ considers that when the cause is present, the effect occurs; but, when the cause is not present, the effect does not occur A) observational analysis B) elimination of alternative explanations C) temporal precedence D) covariation of cause and effect Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Test Bank for Methods in Behavioural Research 2nd Canadian Edition by Cozby Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ 25) A researcher finds that people who own more than two cars have bigger homes, more garage space, and make more money than people who own only one or two cars The researcher's inference that having more than two cars causes people to have homes with bigger garages is lacking which type of causal evidence? A) Temporal precedence B) Elimination of alternative explanations C) Historical precedence D) Covariation of cause and effect 25) 26) The 26) 27) The 27) 28) The 28) 29) The 29) statement "People eat more when they are alone than when they are with friends" is an example of _ behaviour A) predicting B) explaining C) determining the cause of D) describing statement, "High school seniors with higher SAT scores will have higher college GPAs" is an example of behaviour The statement "Males have higher average quantitative SAT scores than females" is an example of behaviour A) predicting; explaining B) predicting; describing C) describing; predicting D) explaining; describing statement, "The average intelligence test score of children living in the Nation's capital city is 108" is an example of a(n) of behaviour; the statement "Children from smaller families have higher intelligence test scores than children from larger families" is an example of a(n) of behaviour A) explanation; explanation B) description; explanation C) description; description D) explanation; description fundamental characteristic of the scientific approach is A) falsifiability B) empiricism C) intuition D) authority statement best illustrates the scientific goal of explaining behaviour? in assigned guilt ratings between attractive and unattractive defendants is due to a physical attractiveness stereotype B) Fourth grade boys run faster than fourth grade girls C) Men not like to go shopping with women D) Females who commit a crime will be rated more leniently than males who commit the same crime 30) Which 30) A) Differences 31) When you accept unquestionably what your own personal judgment tells you about the world, you are relying on _ A) skepticism B) scientific understanding C) intuition D) authority Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ 31) Test Bank for Methods in Behavioural Research 2nd Canadian Edition by Cozby Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ 32) John has decided to purchase several copies of a new children's book because he has a feeling that the availability of this book will be scarce in the future Which of the following best explains John's behaviour? A) Empirical evidence B) Skepticism C) Authority D) Intuition 32) 33) The 33) 34) The 34) 35) Administrators at the county's juvenile hall have implemented a reward program to decrease disruptive behaviour during meal times The scientific approach would dictate that the program A) address theoretical issues B) integrate intuition in the design of the program C) modify theoretical concepts D) be evaluated to determine whether or not it is having the intended effect 35) 36) Which statement best illustrates the scientific goal of predicting behaviour? A) People drink more beer at a football games than at an opera B) Plants that are played music will grow more than plants that are not played music C) Females have more conservative attitudes towards casual sex than males D) People who live in warm climates have different attitudes about the environment than people who live in cold climates 36) 37) Claims 37) 38) A 38) problem with using intuition to make conclusions about human behaviour is that A) intuitions are never correct contrary to what people believe B) it is more time-consuming than the scientific approach C) it rarely leads to meaningful insight D) it is easy to draw erroneous conclusions because our biases affect our perceptions empirical approach to science requires that A) skepticism should be avoided when data are being presented B) only knowledge presented by an authority figure be deemed correct C) knowledge be based on observations D) ideas based on intuition not be examined that are made on the basis of evidence that is designed to appear scientific, but which lack underlying scientific data, are referred to as A) plagiarism B) fraud C) illusory correlations D) pseudoscience major area of applied research that evaluates the social reforms and innovations that occur in the government, industry, and mental health settings is _ research A) theory-oriented B) industrial C) program evaluation D) governmental Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Test Bank for Methods in Behavioural Research 2nd Canadian Edition by Cozby Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ 39) The advantage of employing the scientific approach over other ways of knowing about the world is that it A) allows scientists the opportunity to show the public their findings are always correct B) provides an objective set of rules for gathering, evaluating, and reporting information C) allows scientists to show that the explanations we make for the actions we observe are always correct D) allows one to rule out intuition and authority as sources of ideas about behaviour 39) 40) People 40) 41) Research 41) are likely to believe information presented by a speaker who is seen as prestigious, trustworthy, and credible because of a reliance on A) authority B) informational bias C) pseudoscientific information D) intuition studies designed to answer practical problems are referred to as B) basic research research C) quantitative research D) didactic research A) applied 42) Determining the cause of a behaviour is difficult because A) explanations that are initially satisfying may turn out to be inadequate B) it is difficult to know the true cause or all causes of behaviour C) describing, predicting, explaining, and determining cause are all closely connected D) satisfactory explanations may be discarded or revised as new evidence is gathered 42) 43) Which 43) is NOT a characteristic of scientific inquiry as described by Goodstein's evolved theory of science? A) Science will grow when there is open exchange and competition among ideas B) Scientists search for observations that will verify their ideas about the world C) Peer review of research is unnecessary with well designed studies D) Scientists must report their observations accurately to others 44) Accepting the information in a professor's lecture without question is a reliance on A) authority C) scientific evidence B) intuition D) pseudoscientific 45) A information general rule to help detect pseudoscience is to be highly when scientific assertions are made based on evidence that is _ A) skeptical; reputable B) convinced; reputable C) skeptical; vague D) convinced; vague Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ 44) 45) Test Bank for Methods in Behavioural Research 2nd Canadian Edition by Cozby Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ 46) The process by which scientists with expertise in a particular field judge the scientific merit of another's research within that same field is referred to as _ A) peer review B) falsifiability C) skepticism D) intuition 46) 47) Dr 47) 48) Scientists 48) 49) You 49) 50) Determining 50) 51) One 51) Pentel conducts research to determine whether or not an after-school program improves school performance in fifth-grade children Dr Pentel is most likely engaged in _ A) theoretical research B) a program evaluation C) basic research D) topical research use intuition and their positions of authority A) to generate ideas for research B) whenever they need to replicate another scientist's findings C) to draw conclusions about behaviour D) under no circumstances have just read an article in a popular magazine that stated, "People who jog live longer than people who don't jog." As a scientist, you would probably A) accept the statement as true B) want to see the study that lead to this conclusion C) begin jogging D) assume that the statement is false the cause of behaviour is an important goal of science because A) we cannot predict behaviour without knowing the cause of behaviour B) it makes the scientist appear more credible C) it is important to know the cause of behaviour if we want to change a behaviour D) we cannot describe behaviour without knowing the cause of behaviour reason for why the use of intuition results in erroneous conclusions is A) we have a tendency to conclude that there must be a causal relationship when we observe the co-occurrence of two related events B) intuitions are never correct C) it is unethical to employ intuition in research D) our perceptions are always incorrect Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Test Bank for Methods in Behavioural Research 2nd Canadian Edition by Cozby Full file atKey https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Answer Testname: UNTITLED1 1) B 2) A 3) B 4) A 5) D 6) B 7) B 8) A 9) A 10) D 11) B 12) D 13) C 14) C 15) B 16) D 17) B 18) D 19) B 20) B 21) A 22) C 23) B 24) D 25) B 26) D 27) B 28) C 29) B 30) A 31) C 32) D 33) D 34) C 35) D 36) B 37) D 38) C 39) B 40) A 41) A 42) C 43) C 44) A 45) C 46) A 47) B 48) A 49) B 50) C Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Test Bank for Methods in Behavioural Research 2nd Canadian Edition by Cozby Full file atKey https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Answer Testname: UNTITLED1 51) A 10 Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/