Test bank for experiencing childhood and adolescence 1st edition by belsky

1 Developmental scientists are: A) primarily researchers B) researchers and practitioners from a variety of disciplines C) primarily psychologists D) primarily practitioners Which theoretical stage of human development did not exist as a defined life stage until the twentieth century? A) old age B) adolescence C) infancy D) childhood Which of the following does NOT describe developmental science? A) Developmental science is multidisciplinary B) Developmental science is a pseudoscience C) Developmental science examines variations in development D) Developmental science is interested in parenting practices Which of the following relates to the statistical study of populations? A) attrition B) adolescence C) demographics D) cohort A culture that values social harmony over individual achievement is called: A) collectivist B) individualistic C) developed D) developing Jennifer has just graduated high school and is a freshman in college, at the young age of 16 Which stage of development is she in? A) childhood B) pre-adolescence C) adolescence D) emerging adulthood According to traditional behaviorists, all voluntary actions are determined by: A) operant conditioning B) classical conditioning C) social learning theory D) attachment theory Cognitive behaviorists/social learning theorists place primary emphasis on: A) learning through observation B) attachment theory C) genetics D) the use of operant conditioning Dr Styler studies universal human tendencies that are shared by all people He speculates that these are biological predispositions that helped promote human survival Dr Styler MOST likely is a(n): A) traditional behaviorist B) cognitive behaviorist C) behavioral genetics researcher D) evolutionary psychologist 10 Built-in temperamental tendencies may cause people to act in specific ways The term for this nature/nurture interaction is: A) evocative forces B) unidirectional forces C) latent forces D) heritability 11 Genetic tendencies shape human environments The two terms that explain the different ways that “nature shapes nurture” are _ forces A) evocative and active B) interactive and disjunctive C) evocative and reactive D) reactive and proactive Page Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ 12 Behaviorists emphasize the crucial role of _ on behaviour A) environmental influences B) genetic influences C) cognitive processes D) normative and non-normative influences 13 Cassie is conducting a study of the relationship between depression and anxiety Cassie is performing _ research A) experimental B) correlational C) causal D) unidirectional 14 Dr Immaculata tests groups of people and uses numerical scales and statistics She is conducting: A) interview research B) naturalistic observation C) qualitative research D) quantitative research 15 A potential bias of the longitudinal Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Study, conducted in 1972–1973, lies with: A) infants B) researchers C) elite, high functioning D) teachers 16 Dr Jones, who is a psychologist, studies development So does Ms Stevens, who is a teacher, and Professor Johnson, who is a biologist This demonstrates how developmental science is: A) challenging B) scientific C) multidimensional D) multidisciplinary 17 “They are born at around the same time as we are, and we travel through life during the same point in history.” This description refers to a person's: A) social group B) social class C) club D) cohort 18 Developmentalists seek to understand all of the following EXCEPT: A) the universal and predictable ways in which a person develops B) individual differences in human development C) the impact of life transitions D) the diagnosis and treatment of mental illness 19 Which of the following is NOT something a developmental scientist would be interested in? A) Does parental divorce lead to negative outcomes in adolescents? B) How boys and girls adjust to entering elementary school? C) What are the differences in statistics used in the varying research approaches? D) How does corporal punishment impact children? 20 Joe lives in a society that prizes independence, competition, and personal success Joe lives in a(n) _ culture A) collectivist B) individualistic C) developed D) developing 21 According to traditional behaviorists, activities that are _ or rewarded will be learned A) improved B) increased C) reinforced D) ignored 22 Which is an example of self-efficacy? A) John believes that he is competent in psychology so he works very hard in this class B) Jean feels good about himself as a person C) Jacqui likes to reward herself for doing well D) Jill tries to place herself in difficult situations Page Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ 23 Dr Lee is interested in determining the degree to which genetics influence intelligence, so she compares the intelligence test scores of identical and fraternal twins Dr Lee's field of study is: A) behavioral genetics B) evolutionary psychology C) attachment theory D) developmentalism 24 Which is NOT an example of a bidirectional relationship? A) Ms Taylor enjoys doing homework with her son in the evening B) Mary feels happy when she sees her upbeat friend C) Ng becomes annoyed when he sees his moody and unpredictable neighbor D) Professor Erikson notices that when she is lecturing, she does not make eye contact with her shy students 25 Eighteen-year-old Bethany is trying to determine who she is as a person and what she wants to in life According to Erik Erikson's framework, Bethany's current life challenge is: A) basic trust B) initiative C) identity D) role confusion 26 Dr Beech uses many different approaches to understand behavior and is interested in the ways in which these influences interact Dr Beech is adopting the _ approach A) nature vs nurture B) developmental systems C) humanistic D) behaviour genetics 27 Professor Carter is conducting a study that involves watching children in a classroom and rating their behavior Professor Carter is using which measurement method? A) survey analysis B) self-report design C) laboratory research D) naturalistic observation 28 Miguel decides to study the relationship between exercise and health He picks a group of older people, assesses how much they work out, and then relates these scores to measures of blood pressure and other signs of illness Joe's strategy of relating variables as they naturally occur is called: A) correlational research B) naturalistic observation C) self-report D) experimental research 29 A developmental research strategy that involves testing the same group repeatedly over years is called: A) correlational research B) longitudinal research C) cross-sectional research D) qualitative research 30 Dr Williams was interested in studying anxiety levels and physical healthy and activity among 12-, 25-, 35-, and 45-year-old individuals Dr Williams provided the participants with a measure of anxiety and then had them participate in certain physical activities This would be an example of a _ study A) correlational B) qualitative C) longitudinal D) cross-sectional 31 Compared to people in Asian countries, U.S residents are more likely to have a collectivist worldview A) True B) False 32 Attitudes and values within each major ethnic group in the United States are very similar A) True B) False 33 The differences in values and attitudes between men and women are almost all biological in origin A) True B) False Page Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ 34 According to traditional behaviorists, the way to extinguish behavior is to stop reinforcing it A) True B) False 35 According to Bandura, modelling refers to watching and imitating another person's behavior A) True B) False 36 Freud believed that self-awareness is the key to mental health A) True B) False 37 Bowlby's attachment theory emphasizes the importance of the parent–child relationship in early childhood A) True B) False 38 Bowlby embraced the importance of nurture, but rejected the importance of nature A) True B) False 39 Evolutionary psychologists emphasize the importance of reinforcement in determining behavior A) True B) False 40 Behavioral geneticists conduct research on hereditary influences in behaviors and attitudes A) True B) False 41 Piaget was interested in charting how the amount that children know gradually increases A) True B) False 42 Ecological developmental systems theorists stress that many different forces shape behaviour A) True B) False 43 Developmentalists conduct research to find out the scientific “truth.” A) True B) False 44 Correlational studies can determine cause-and-effect relationships A) True B) False 45 Cross-sectional studies compare different age groups at the same time A) True B) False 46 Longitudinal studies are inexpensive and easy to carry out A) True B) False 47 Qualitative studies include statistical analyses A) True B) False 48 The scientific study of development is called _ 49 If Janet is a baby boomer and Jamila is a millennial, then Janet and Jamila are members of different _ 50 _ is the term that refers to one's income and level of education Page Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ 51 To say that developmental science draws on neuroscience, nursing, psychology, and biology indicates that the field of study is _ 52 Harmonious family and group relationships are of primary importance in _, while independence and achievement are highly valued in individualistic cultures 53 The developmental science term for environmental forces that shape behavior is _ 54 _ explain why people act the way they 55 In traditional operant behaviorist terminology, people learn through _ 56 In cognitive behavioral terms, a person who has low _ will be less likely to accept a challenging task than his counterpart 57 Freud referred to the mass of instincts that drive human behavior “unconsciously” as people's _ 58 According to John Bowlby, children's early experiences with _ shape their ability to love 59 Evolutionary psychologists emphasize the roots of human behavior 60 The field that explores the biological and environment contribution to human differences is called _ 61 A scientist studying how early life events might change the outer cover of human DNA, and so have far-reaching consequences throughout life, is working in the new field called _ 62 For Erikson, each life stage involves a particular developmental challenge, or _ 63 A researcher who looks at many different influences on behavior advocates the _ perspective 64 The disadvantage of correlational studies is that they not allow a researcher to determine _ 65 In a(n) _, the researcher assigns groups to different treatments and looks at the results 66 Cross-sectional studies tell researchers about differences between or among _ 67 The volunteers who remain in a longitudinal study for years tend to be a(n) _ group, much better than average 68 When researchers sample groups of people, use objective measures such as questionnaires, and rely on “numbers” or statistics to find answers, these scientists are conducting _ 69 A developmental scientist might study all of these topics EXCEPT: A) parenting practices and how they affect normal child development B) cross-cultural concepts about the right age to toilet train children C) emotional development during childhood D) travel and its economic impact on a nation's wealth 70 A developmentalist might study all of these topics EXCEPT: A) when children reach milestones such as walking or puberty B) what drugs work best for people with schizophrenia C) what happens to children once they start public education D) how an individual's personality may change over time 71 Which of the following is NOT a predictable milestone in development? A) walking B) attachment C) speaking D) divorce Page Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ 72 Which of the following would NOT be considered a context of development? A) social class B) culture C) heredity D) family environment cohort 73 Which person's statement is referring to his or her cohort? A) “We live in the same area of the country.” B) “We play tennis together every week.” C) “We were born around the same time.” D) “We are of the same ethnic group.” 74 A cohort refers to a: A) group of friends B) group of people who were born around the same time C) family group D) group of people who live in the same neighborhood 75 When Aracelly tells you she is a baby boomer, Aracelly is referring to her _ A) society B) cohort C) income D) gender 76 Millennial, Generation X, and baby boomer are terms that refer to a person's: A) social class B) cohort C) society D) group of friends 77 Which person is NOT a baby boomer? A) Cesar, who was in college during the late 1960s B) Callista, who is 65 C) Cami, who is 40 D) Corrine, who is about to retire 78 Which person MOST likely is a baby boomer? A) Selma, who is about to turn 65 B) Kimiko, who is in her late seventies C) Kevin, who became a grandpa last year D) Tan, who just got his Ph.D 79 All are true of the baby-boom cohort EXCEPT that they: A) were teenagers during the late 1960s B) are entering their young-old years C) are an incredibly large cohort D) have had little impact on Western society 80 Today, the baby-boom cohort is: A) in the aging phase of life B) in young adulthood C) almost completely dead D) all in middle age 81 Which person is NOT a member of the baby-boom cohort? A) David, who was born in 1946 after his dad returned from World War II B) Adrianna, who entered college at age 18, during the late 1960s C) Lynnette who was born during the Great Depression D) Liang, who retired in 2013 at age 63 82 A woman who says she is a baby boomer: A) grew up during World War II B) grew up during the 1980s C) reached her teens during the 1960s or 1970s D) reached her teens in the 1980s Page Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ 83 A scientist studying demography (or demographics) would look at: A) how prevalent schizophrenia is in the population B) the symptoms of schizophrenia C) the heredity component of schizophrenia D) new treatments for schizophrenia 84 In general, over the past century global fertility rates have: A) risen B) remained stable C) declined D) followed a U-shaped curve 85 The main early twentieth-century change revolutionizing childhood was: A) a dramatic decline in infant and childhood mortality B) the fact that children develop earlier C) the rise of single-parent families D) women in the workforce 86 Which world region has the lowest fertility rates? A) Europe B) North America C) East Asia D) Africa 87 Childhood got longer because of: A) schooling—the need for more education B) economic pressures—the need for kids to stay at home C) biology—children reaching puberty at younger ages D) family changes—more single-parent moms 88 When José is explaining some historical facts about childhood, he would MOST likely say that in previous centuries people: A) cared more about nurturing children than people today B) cared more about childhood education than people today C) were defined as adults right after college D) engaged in activities viewed today as child abuse 89 The modern “caring” view of childhood was NOT influenced by: A) the writings of Locke and Rousseau, who felt childhood was a special period B) medical advances which have increased life expectancy C) the need for children to receive an education D) advances in birth control The decline in the two parent family 90 Over the centuries, childhood has become much: A) longer B) more difficult C) more stressful D) simpler 91 For people born in the eighteenth century, all of the following are true EXCEPT that they would: A) be far more likely to die during early childhood than today B) be far less likely to go to school than today C) begin their “adult life” at a far younger age than today D) have an adolescence 92 Carlos, in his twenties, is trying to decide on a career Carlos is in the life stage called: A) emerging adulthood B) wandering adulthood C) immaturity D) post adolescence 93 All are true of emerging adulthood EXCEPT that it: A) refers to the time from age 18 through the late twenties B) is the time when people explore their place in the adult world C) came into being because people now live for a long time D) tends to be a very unhappy life stage Page Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ 94 All are true of the twentieth-century rise in life expectancy EXCEPT that it: A) was caused by dramatic medical advances B) occurred in the first half of the century C) allowed children to work to help the family from an early age D) allowed parents to feel comfortable in forming an attachment to their children 95 The twentieth-century rise in life expectancy occurred when scientists were able to: A) cure or prevent many viral and bacterial diseases B) slow the progress of many chronic diseases C) make inroads in curing heart disease D) allow people to live happier lives 96 Which age group has benefited MOST from the disease-control advances that produced the twentieth-century life-expectancy rise? A) infants and young children B) adults in their thirties C) midlife adults D) elderly people 97 Sara is describing some effects of the twentieth-century life-expectancy strides Which statement is NOT correct? A) “People today are unlikely to die from eating impure foods.” B) “People today receive less vaccinations than in previous centuries.” C) “People today expect to survive beyond childhood.” D) “Parents today have the ability to limit their family size.” Test Bank for Experiencing Childhood and Adolescence 1st Edition by Belsky 98 “Income inequality”Full refers to the widening income gap between: file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ A) the very rich (1 percent) and the rest of the population B) the young and old C) minorities and everyone else D) women and men 99 What question would a person ask to BEST understand someone's socioeconomic status? A) “What is your education level?” B) “What is your medical history?” C) “What is your income?” D) “What is your education level?” and “What is your income?” 100 All of the following statements relate to a person's socioeconomic status, EXCEPT: A) “He is earning over $300,000 year.” B) “He is living under the poverty line.” C) “She has a Ph.D.” D) “She just turned 65.” 101 Which nation is a developed country? A) Zaire B) Pakistan C) Indonesia D) Japan 102 “This country has a high median income and high life expectancy.” This statement describes a(n): A) primitive society B) developing nation C) developed nation D) individualistic society 103 Mariah says, “Obedience to family comes first.” Obi says, “Honesty and independence are my main values in life.” Compared to Obi's cultural worldview, Mariah's cultural worldview is _ A) narcissistic B) caring C) collectivist D) individualistic 104 In collectivist cultures, people tend to: A) value their own needs over the good of the community B) live in intergenerational families C) care greatly about personal success D) want to succeed economically above all else in life Page Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ 105 In individualistic cultures, people tend to prioritize: A) arranged marriages B) independence C) obedience D) suppressing feelings 106 Who has the MOST individualistic worldview? A) Pedro, who puts his college plans on hold because his grandparents are ill and he feels “family comes first” B) Kim, who is preparing for her wedding to Jules, the man her parents picked to be her husband C) Marta, who wants to go to school to become a doctor, but will easily give up this plan to preserve family harmony, if her father and brothers object D) Dimitrios, who wants to raise his daughters to be self-sufficient and to openly speak their minds 107 The nation with the LEAST collectivist worldview is: A) the United States B) India C) China D) Bangladesh 108 Emerging adults from collectivist cultures have all of the following tendencies EXCEPT: A) being more reticent about sharing feelings B) not wanting to leave home to go to college C) placing enormous value on subordinating personal needs to the group D) wanting to live independently from their families Test Bank for Experiencing Childhood and Adolescence 1st Edition by Belsky 109 Ata has a collectivist worldview Maya has an individualistic worldview Which statement is NOT a good prediction Full file at and https://TestbankDirect.eu/ about Ata and Maya? A) Ata values obedience more than Maya B) Maya values independence more than Ata C) Maya values self-assertion more than Ata D) Ata is more unhappy than Maya 110 Which of these people is likely to live the longest? A) Donald, a farmer in the U.S Midwest B) Raquel, who works in a factory in the Honduras C) Abdul, who runs a shop in Morocco D) Delun, a third-grade teacher in Canada 111 Which is the largest U.S minority group? A) Asian Americans B) Hispanics C) Blacks D) American Indians 112 Data about the population in the United States indicates that in 2020 there will be many more _ A) Hispanics B) Whites C) American Indians D) African Americans 113 Each major ethnic minority group in the United States is: A) very similar B) composed of people from a variety of countries, with different attitudes and worldviews C) becoming more isolated D) growing dramatically as a fraction of the U.S population 114 Imagine it is 2020 in the United States People are apt to see all of the following changes EXCEPT: A) more Hispanics B) less Whites C) more biracial and multiracial people D) more American Indians 115 Gender differences in attitudes and lifestyles: A) are mainly biological B) are mainly shaped by society C) are shaped by biology and society D) stay the same over time Page Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ 116 What is the number of childbirths per female referred to as? A) pregnancy rate B) fertility rate C) birth rate D) conception rate 117 _ percent of the world's population is still giving birth at rates that exceed the level needed to replace the population A) Two B) Three C) Five D) Seven 118 Theories in developmental science: A) predict why people act the way they B) are concerned only with genetic traits C) are only useful in isolated cases D) involve conducting statistical tests 119 If Dr Im believes in a nurture explanation of development, she might make all of the following statements EXCEPT: A) “Personality depends on how people are treated during infancy.” B) “Gender differences in friendship styles are programmed at birth.” C) “Good teachers can raise intelligence test scores in children from impoverished homes.” D) “With effort, people can be anything they want to be in life.” Test Bank for Experiencing Childhood and Adolescence 1st Edition by Belsky 120 Which comment would be made by a behaviorist? A) “I can explain Full human behavior by looking at the reinforcers.” file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ B) “I want to understand people's inner motivations.” C) “Each person perceives reality differently.” D) “Human behavior is very complicated.” 121 According to B F Skinner, behaviors that are _ will be learned A) stopped B) reinforced C) observed D) beneficial 122 At the mall, JoJo sees a big lollipop and asks her father to get it When her father says “no,” JoJo falls to the floor, kicking and screaming After ignoring JoJo's tantrum for a few minutes, her father gives in and buys the lollipop JoJo immediately becomes quiet A traditional behaviorist observing this scene would make all of the following comments EXCEPT: A) “JoJo has learned 'If I scream long enough, I will be reinforced.'” B) “If the father had ignored JoJo's tantrum, the screaming would extinguish.” C) “JoJo is basically a bad girl.” D) “The father has put JoJo on a variable reinforcement schedule, which should cause huge problems the next time they visit the mall!” 123 Which statement refers to a variable reinforcement schedule? A) Sometimes I get “A”s when I study and sometimes I don't So if I happen not to get an “A” on this test, I know I have to keep studying and eventually I will succeed B) If I don't get an “A” on this test, I will give up C) If I get an “A” on this test, I'm a genius D) I love teachers who give mainly “A”s 124 Which is NOT an example of operant conditioning? A) When Tiffany cries, the family gives her attention, so she has learned to cry a lot B) Bao gives her husband a kiss when he does yard work, so now he mows the grass every few days C) After a car accident, a person refuses to drive D) A child who loves the food that he watches his friends eat 125 If a traditional behaviorist notices that a nursing home resident's memory has seriously declined, this person MOST likely would say that the resident: A) is not being reinforced for remembering anything B) has developed Alzheimer's disease C) is being overmedicated D) is lonely and depressed Page 10 Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ 126 If a traditional behaviorist notices that a child is acting out at a restaurant, this person would most likely say that this boy or girl: A) is being given attention for acting out B) has ADHD C) has not been given enough love D) has a biological problem 127 A behaviorist might give all of the following child rearing tips EXCEPT: A) “Pay attention to good behaviors.” B) “Be consistent Never reward a child who acts inappropriately.” C) “Don't pay attention to a child who is acting up.” D) “Give a child total, unconditional love.” 128 Imagine that a couple visits a behavioral therapist for help with their child The psychologist MOST likely would: A) train the couple to reinforce positive activities B) encourage the parents to explore their inner motivations C) comment on the parents' early childhood experiences D) help the parents understand their unconscious motives 129 A behaviorist is giving child rearing advice Which tip is this person LEAST likely to give? A) Ignore bad behavior (or not reinforce it) by paying attention to a child B) Pay attention when a child does something positive and reinforce a child for good behavior C) To encourage a child to persist at an activity, reinforce the child every time he performs that action D) To discipline a child, be consistent Never give in because the child whines Test Bank for Experiencing Childhood and Adolescence 1st Edition by Belsky 130 Link statements (1),Full (2), and the correct behavioral terms file(3) at to https://TestbankDirect.eu/ (1) “Sometimes when I study, I get 'A's and sometimes I don't So I keep plugging along.” (2) “Even though I failed this test, I know I'm a terrific student So I keep studying because I have faith in myself.” (3) “I watched my brother studying; that's how I learned to study hard.” A) (1) = high self-efficacy; (2) = modeling; (3) = variable reinforcement schedule B) (1) = variable reinforcement schedule; (2) = high self-efficacy; (3) = modeling C) (1) = reinforcement; (2) = variable schedule; (3) = modeling D) (1) = variable reinforcement schedule; (2) = modeling; (3) = high self-efficacy 131 A cognitive behaviorist MOST likely would make all of the following statements EXCEPT: A) “You can predict children's behavior by looking at their feelings of competence.” B) “Children learn by watching and imitating people.” C) “Children learn only when they are given concrete rewards.” D) “The best way to change children's behavior is to work with their thoughts.” 132 Jorge is an 8-year-old boy According to social-learning theory, which person would Jorge be MOST likely to model? A) Maria, a 4-year-old girl who lives down the street B) Uncle Pedro, who is incredibly kind and involved with Jorge C) Mr Taylor, the principal at the high school in town D) Spot, Jorge's dog 133 Phyllis is terrified of going to fifth grade A behaviorist might make all of the following statements about this issue EXCEPT: A) “Phyllis is emotionally disturbed.” B) “Phyllis is not being reinforced at school.” C) “Phyllis may have low efficacy feelings with regard to making new friends.” D) “The school should develop more reinforcing activities for children like Phyllis 134 Which teenager is NOT showing high self-efficacy? A) Annie enrolls in a challenging service-learning course B) Petra auditions for a starring role in a school play C) Maurice likes to stretch his physical capacities by rock climbing D) Crista only interacts with people she knows well because she is shy 135 With regard to studying, link the examples to the following: (1) modeling and (2) self-efficacy A) (1) “My best friend studies and makes good grades, so I am inspired to study.” (2) “I know I can well academically, so I study a lot.” B) (1) “I know I can well academically, so I study a lot.” (2) “My best friend studies and makes good grades, so I am inspired to study.” C) (1) “The last test I studied for I got an A, so I'll study for this one too.” (2) “I'm in the habit of studying.” D) (1) “I hate studying.” (2) “I love studying.” Page 11 Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ 136 Joanna gets a “C” on her first test and then decides to work very hard because she believes that with extra effort she can succeed in class According to cognitive behaviorists, Joanna has: A) high self-efficacy B) good ego strength C) good genetics D) high self-esteem 137 Which statement would a behaviorist NOT make? A) “Children can succeed if they try hard.” B) “Children can succeed if they are rewarded by teachers for doing well.” C) “Children can succeed if their parents encourage them to work hard.” D) “Children can succeed if they get a high score on an intelligence test.” 138 Daniel gets an “A” on his high-school science test and Eva gets a “C.” Which conclusion is NOT one a behaviorist might make? A) Eva may have low self-efficacy with regard to science B) Daniel is more genetically gifted than Eva C) Eva may not have been reinforced for doing well in school in the past D) Daniel may have been reinforced for doing well in science in the past 139 A psychoanalytic theorist might make all of the following statements EXCEPT: A) “Personality depends on how parents treat a child during early childhood.” B) “Personality is shaped by unconscious feelings stemming from childhood.” C) “Self-understanding is the key to a successful life.” Test Bank for Experiencing Childhood and Adolescence D) “People's behavior is rational.” 1st Edition by Belsky Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ 140 If a teenager visits a psychoanalytic therapist for treatment, that therapist MOST likely would: A) discuss early childhood experiences B) identify the reinforcers shaping behaviors C) give homework exercises to employ between sessions D) give self-efficacy training 141 An emerging adult goes to a psychologist for therapy If this mental health professional is psychoanalytically oriented, the therapist MOST likely would focus on: A) increasing the reinforcements B) understanding the person's unconscious motivations C) increasing the person's efficacy feelings D) providing medications 142 All are goals of psychoanalytic treatment EXCEPT: A) promoting ego strength B) promoting self-understanding C) understanding one's childhood motivations and feelings D) changing the reinforcers 143 If a psychoanalyst labels a person as having a “strong ego,” that individual will MOST likely feel: A) complimented for being told she is mentally healthy B) angry at being called a narcissist C) puzzled because the therapist has not mentioned the id D) anxious because the superego is most important in development 144 Yael has coped very well with serious life stresses A psychoanalytic theorist would say Yael's behavior shows: A) high self-efficacy B) good ego strength C) positive motivation D) high self-esteem 145 When Freud said, “Where id there was, ego there will be,” he was referring to the goal of psychoanalytic treatment When Freud used the term “libido,” he was referring to: A) sexual impulses driving behavior B) the goal of psychoanalytic treatment C) feelings of love for the therapist D) a transfer of unconscious impulses 146 Which is the correct order of Freud's psychosexual stages? A) anal, oral, phallic B) oral, anal, phallic C) phallic, oral, anal D) anal, phallic, oral Page 12 Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ 147 Baby Chiara just turned one According to Freud, Chiara is in the _ stage A) oral B) anal C) phallic D) basic trust 148 Both psychoanalytic and attachment theorists believe: A) early caregiving experiences determine adult mental health B) nurture is the only influence shaping human behavior C) reinforcers determine how people act D) genetics determines how people behave 149 Which advice would an attachment theorist give to a new mom? A) “Don't spoil your baby by giving her too much attention.” B) “Human beings need to be independent Don't let your baby get too attached.” C) “Once your baby begins to walk, try to leave him alone.” D) “Give your baby a lot of love, so he will have loving relationships later in life.” 150 Attachment theory BEST explains why: A) kids learn to hit a baseball B) why 2-year-olds cannot be physically separated from their caregivers C) a third grader believes that she can well in math class D) a child cleans his room after his mother nags him Test Bank for Experiencing Childhood and Adolescence 1st Edition by Belsky 151 Dr Schatzman is a fan of attachment theory Which statement is he LEAST likely to make? A) “The way parents during infancy determines adult mental health.” Fulltreat filechildren at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ B) “The attachment response is biologically programmed to come out when babies start to walk.” C) “People need to have a significant other during every stage of life.” D) “It's unhealthy to get too attached to people.” 152 Which statement would an attachment theorist be MOST likely to make? A) “Humans need unconditional love in the first year of life.” B) “People need reinforcement for acting appropriately.” C) “Children need the right environment to express their genetic talents.” D) “Children need severe discipline in order to behave well.” 153 look at the genetic tendencies that humans share as a species A) Evolutionary psychologists B) Behavioral geneticists C) Traditional behaviorists D) Behavioral genetic researcher 154 Dr Chuang is an evolutionary psychologist Which research paper is she MOST likely to have written? A) “The effects of experimenter praise on children's accuracy in a card-selection task.” B) “The impact of parental modeling on children's performance of household chores.” C) “Changes in efficacy feelings in third grade.” D) “Biologically built-in activity preferences among boys versus girls.” 155 An evolutionary psychologist MOST likely would say that to understand behavior, one should look to: A) whether a trait increases the chance of human survival B) a person's reinforcers C) an individual's efficacy feelings D) how parents raise their children 156 Tanisha gets “C”s and “D”s in math while Freddie always gets “A”s In understanding these differences, an evolutionary theorist would be interested in whether: A) there are genetic variations between individuals in math abilities B) Freddie has been reinforced more than Tanisha for performing well in math C) math abilities are biologically built into being male D) math abilities can be increased by stimulating efficacy feelings 157 Which is the main difference between an evolutionary psychologist and a behavioral geneticist? A) Evolutionary psychologists speculate about the genetic basis of traits that are common to all human beings; behavioral geneticists conduct research on the genetics of human differences B) Evolutionary psychologists conduct research on the genetics of human differences; behavioral geneticists speculate about the genetic basis of traits that are common to all human beings C) Evolutionary psychologists focus on nature; behavioral geneticists believe mainly in nurture D) Evolutionary psychologists believe mainly in nurture; behavioral geneticists focus on nature Page 13 Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ 158 The term “monozygotic” refers to identical twins, and “dizygotic” twins are _ A) identical B) unrelated C) fraternal D) individuated 159 The girls in a math class tend to worse than the boys A behavioral genetic researcher would be interested in exploring: A) to what degree these individual differences are genetic B) whether teachers reinforce males more for performing well in math C) whether math abilities are biologically built into being male D) whether males have higher math self-efficacy than females 160 The girls in Andre's math class tend to worse than the boys An evolutionary theorist would MOST likely be interested in exploring: A) to what degree these individual differences are genetic B) whether teachers reinforce males more for performing well in math C) whether math abilities are biologically built into being male D) whether males have higher math self-efficacy than females 161 If someone says that the heritability of a trait is high, that trait is: A) mainly genetically determined B) mainly environmentally determined C) two-thirds heredity and one-third environment D) 25 percent environmental and 75 percent genetic Test Bank for Experiencing Childhood and Adolescence 1st Edition by Belsky 162 Which is the highest heritability Full file at score? https://TestbankDirect.eu/ A) 0.4 B) 0.65 C) –0.7 D) 0.28 163 If the heritability of an intelligence quotient (IQ) score is 0.75, people should conclude that: A) three-fourths of IQ scores are genetic B) IQ scores are about the same wherever a person lives C) IQ scores are mostly genetic D) IQ scores are mostly environmental 164 Dr Patel is a behavioral geneticist He would be LEAST likely to conduct a study that compares: A) identical twins and fraternal twins' test scores on risk taking B) adopted children's personalities to the personalities of their biological parents C) child-rearing practices in India and the United States D) pairs of identical twins raised apart and reunited in adulthood 165 According to the Swedish twin adoption study, _ is the most heritable ability A) sexual orientation B) general intelligence C) mechanical ability D) political affiliation 166 When Dr Hernandez compares happiness in a sample of fraternal and identical twins, she finds fraternal twins' scores on this trait differ a great deal, while identical twins' scores are virtually “the same.” Dr Hernandez would conclude that happiness is: A) mainly genetic B) mainly environmental C) due to our upbringing D) greater for identical twins than fraternal twins 167 Which is a twin/adoption study? A) A researcher compares the personalities of identical twins separated at birth, adopted into different families and reunited as adults B) A researcher compares an adopted child's personality with the personalities of her biological and adoptive parents C) A researcher adopts a child who is a twin D) A researcher gives birth to twins and gives them up for adoption 168 When researchers conducted twin and adoption studies, they discovered that: A) genetics were surprisingly influential in shaping a variety of behaviors B) the environment was surprisingly influential in shaping a variety of behaviors C) most traits were 50 percent genetic and 50 percent environmental D) most traits were 75 percent genetic and 25 percent environmental Page 14 Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ 169 Which quality is the most genetically determined? A) intelligence B) political views C) happiness D) where a person is born 170 Rosario adopts a child and then meets the child's biological parents Generalizing from the behavioral genetic findings, Rosario's child is apt to be more like: A) Rosario B) the biological parents C) either Rosario or the child's biological parents, depending on what is being tested D) about 50 percent of the time, like Rosario 171 Which is an evocative heredity/environment relationship? A) Kerry is crabby when she wakes, so her dad makes an effort to cheer her up B) Josh is always smiling, but his mother cannot understand what he is so happy about C) When things not go Ian's way, he loses his temper So Ian's family goes out of their way to help him calm down D) Alex is an argumentative child, so people are always fighting with her 172 Jocasta put on plays for the neighborhood children in elementary school She gravitated to drama in high school, majored in theater in college, and is now starring on Broadway The genetic term about behavior that BEST describes Jocasta's career path is _ forces A) evocative B) bidirectional C) evolutionaryTest Bank for Experiencing Childhood and Adolescence 1st Edition by Belsky D) active Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ 173 Which is an example of an evocative heredity/environment relationship with a child genetically prone to be grumpy? A) A child is temperamentally grumpy, so everyone starts yelling at him, and he gets even grumpier B) A mother takes special care to be kind to her grumpy child C) A child is genetically prone to be grumpy, so he always hits other children D) A child shares his biology with his parents, so his parents are grumpy 174 Which is a bidirectional relationship? A) Jorge is temperamentally unpleasant, so everything disturbs him B) Ara is temperamentally unpleasant, so people avoid her C) Sean is temperamentally unpleasant, so he goes into therapy D) Kei is temperamentally unpleasant, so she withdraws to the house 175 Which is an active heredity/environment relationship? A) Oma loves painting, so she takes many art classes in school B) Cory's parents push him unwillingly into taking art classes C) Fatimah gets rewarded by her parents for enrolling in art D) Carl comes from a family of great artists 176 Ralph's grandmother was born in 1925 Ralph was born in 1990 If both Ralph and his grandmother took the intelligence quotient (IQ) test, who would MOST likely get more items correct? A) Ralph would get more items correct B) Ralph's grandmother would get more items correct C) No one can make predictions D) Both would get the same number of items correct since they are from the same family 177 The main message of the text's heredity environment discussion is that: A) children need the right environment to fully express their inborn talents B) children can overcome every obstacle if they try hard, often enough C) children can anything if given the right environment D) children's life fate lies totally in their genetic makeup 178 Which example does NOT refer to promoting the right person–environment fit? A) Alana is gifted in music, and so she is sent to an arts camp B) Adrian gets overwhelmed by stress, and so his parents put him in calm situations C) Alice is very active, and so her teachers give her a lot of outdoor playtime D) Adam loves cooking, and so his father enrolls him in a soccer league 179 What is the chapter's take-away message with regard to nature and nurture? A) Success comes when the environment is tailored to fit children's strengths B) As genetics is so important, changing the environment does not often work C) It is easy to separate out what is genetic from what is environmental D) Children around the world have a good chance of expressing their genetic gifts Page 15 Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ 180 Which action does NOT involve providing a good person–environment fit? A) A principal builds recess into the school day, because she knows kids biologically need to run around B) A town provides good public transportation, for low-income parents and children without cars C) Regan tries to baby-proof the house so her 2-year-old will not hurt himself D) Noah gives Ritalin to a child with ADHD, because the child has trouble sitting still in class 181 Which is the BEST conclusion about the impact of nature and nurture on development? A) Genetics totally determines how people's lives turn out B) Parents totally determine how children's lives turn out C) An adult should push children into unfamiliar environments to expand the child's potential D) Adults need to pick environments that bring out children's inborn genetic abilities and talents 182 Which example illustrates an epigenetic effect? A) A baby who is born premature is at risk of having learning problems during life B) A child whose mother has learning problems has these same problems in school C) A toddler who comes from a poor family is at risk of having learning problems in school D) An elementary school girl whose siblings have learning problems is at risk of having these same difficulties 183 A researcher interested in epigenetics would MOST likely study the impact of: A) events in utero on behavior throughout life B) breast-feeding on infant weight gain C) reading to children in elementary school grades D) closeness with children on parents well-being Test Bank for Experiencing Childhood and Adolescence 1st Edition by Belsky 184 Baby Clara just turned year old According to Erikson, her life task is _ A) basic trust Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ B) initiative C) integrity D) autonomy 185 Which is NOT a difference between Erikson and Freud? A) Freud believed that development ends at age 5, whereas Erikson believed people develop throughout life B) Freud believed sexuality drives behavior, whereas Erikson believed an individual's main mission is becoming an independent self and having caring relationships C) Freud believed stages of development end after early childhood, whereas Erikson believed people develop into old age D) Freud believed childhood is crucially important, whereas Erikson did not believe childhood is important 186 Erikson's MOST important contribution to human development was: A) spelling out the principle that people develop throughout the lifespan B) showing that children think and reason differently than adults C) making Freud's work accessible to the public D) showing that human behavior obeys basic laws of learning 187 For Erikson, each life stage is characterized by a particular: A) sociocentric challenge B) cultural role C) psychosocial task D) prosocial quest 188 Piaget was MOST interested in: A) children's reading capacities B) affection between mothers and infants C) young children's strange ideas about the world D) identity in teens 189 Which is the BEST illustration of Piaget's concept of accommodation? A) Jonas realizes that his previous way of classifying minority groups masks huge differences in cultures B) Lydia realizes that since she has lived to age 19, she already knows most of the material C) Ines realizes that she is not on the same wavelength as the book's author D) Hiro realizes that his liberal beliefs are correct 190 Which is the BEST example of Piaget's concept of assimilation? A) Nate relates what his teacher is saying to his own “knowledge base.” B) Irena agrees with everything her teacher says C) Jesse takes good notes on what her teacher says D) Paulo vows to become exactly like his teacher Page 16 Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ 191 Piaget studied cognitive development by: A) observing and questioning children B) measuring how much children know at different ages C) comparing children on different abilities D) analyzing children's relationships with their parents 192 According to Bronfenbrenner's ecological-developmental-systems theory: A) family is the main influence on people's lives B) friends are the main influence on people's lives C) cohort is the main influence on people's lives D) lives are shaped by many different influences—including friends, family, school system, and culture 193 Bronfenbrenner believed all of these influences affect children's behavior EXCEPT: A) family relationships B) the school system C) culture D) climate 194 Which statement would an ecological-developmental-systems theorist MOST likely make? A) “One theory alone does not reveal the complexity of human behavior.” B) “Experts need to research in the laboratory, where they can isolate single variables.” C) “Biology and culture are completely separate.” D) “It is important to believe in a single theory.” Test Bank for Experiencing Childhood and Adolescence 1st Edition by Belsky 195 Which collaborative research program BEST illustrates the ecological-developmental-systems perspective? A) Behaviorists work formulate a treatment plan for autism spectrum disorder Fulltogether file at to https://TestbankDirect.eu/ B) Psychoanalytic therapists work together to help depressed adolescents C) A geneticist, a psychologist, and a sociologist work together to understand the complex causes of school phobia in children D) A school district hires Piagetian educators to work together to overhaul its curriculum 196 Steven and Thomas are twins but they not look like each other This means that they are _ twins A) dizygotic B) identical C) monozygotic D) adopted 197 Michael is in the eighth grade and is able to start learning higher order mathematics, such as Algebra Piaget would say that he is in which stage of development? A) sensorimotor B) preoperations C) concrete operations D) formal operations 198 Stacey grew up in a low-income neighborhood and her parents often struggled financially Stacey went to college after she graduated from high school and earned a degree She is now a nurse and could be considered middle class based on her education and income level Stacey has _ A) downward spiral B) attachment C) upward mobility D) attrition 199 Professor Johnson is examining the influence of media portrayals of refugees on participant's attitudes regarding immigration policy Which of the following is a variable included in this research? A) attitudes about media B) increase in immigration C) changes in deportation policy D) attitudes regarding immigration policy 200 Professor Johnson is examining the influence of media portrayals of refugees on participant's attitudes regarding immigration policy Which of the following is the independent variable in this research? A) attitudes about media B) increase in immigration C) media portrayals of refugees D) attitudes regarding immigration policy Page 17 Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ 201 You are reviewing a correlational research article for class and have to provide a critique Which of the following is NOT something you would consider? A) The participants in the study B) The time frame it took to conduct the study C) The measures used in the study D) The interpretations of the findings 202 Dianne is conducting interviews with children whose parents have divorced Which best describes her research approach? A) qualitative B) cross-sectional C) longitudinal D) correlational 203 When researchers explore the relationship between students' grades and their current happiness, they are conducting a: A) correlational study B) true experiment C) cross-sectional study D) longitudinal study 204 Dr Hardy is studying the correlation between physical exercise and teenagers' health Which is the MOST likely representative sample? A) teenage marathon runners B) hospitalized teens C) a random group of teenagers Test for Experiencing Childhood and Adolescence 1st Edition by Belsky D) teenagers who areBank best friends Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ 205 If a researcher goes to a playground and records the frequency of aggressive acts among a sample of first graders, the researcher is employing _ as a measurement technique A) self-report B) expert assessment C) naturalistic observation D) experimental manipulation 206 If Rory gives parents a questionnaire to determine their child-rearing skills, he is using _ A) self-reports B) naturalistic observation C) ability tests D) qualitative research 207 The measurement technique that involves watching people's behavior is called _ A) naturalistic observation B) self-reports C) observer evaluations D) ability tests 208 A psychology professor wants to measure “parent aggressiveness.” Which is the BEST strategy? A) Visit each home and chart how often parents hit their children B) Develop a questionnaire asking parents, “How often you hit your children?” C) Go down the street and ask neighbors, “Does the parent hit the children a lot?” D) No approach is ideal, because each has its own problems and biases 209 Choose the correct name for each measurement technique: (1) watching children and coding their behavior; (2) giving questionnaires to a group A) (1) self-report; (2) naturalistic observation B) (1) naturalistic observation; (2) self-report C) (1) correlation; (2) experiment D) (1) experiment; (2) correlation 210 Before taking this class, a student visits the “Rate my Professors” website to read comments about the professor The student should: A) be confident that these responses are based on a representative sample B) be cautious, as these responses involve a non-representative sample C) be confident that these responses are completely unbiased D) conclude that these responses are completely useless Page 18 Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ 211 Which researcher is selecting a representative sample? A) Adela, whose study of parenting involves giving questionnaires to middle-class moms B) Barnabas, whose research on child stress polls boys whose parents have divorced C) Charlotte, whose investigation of adolescents' friendships samples students from five high schools of varying sizes D) Dragan, whose study of teenagers' health beliefs involves talking to adolescents in the hospital 212 If Tikana explores the relationship between college students' height and happiness, and finds that taller students are happier, she can conclude: A) being tall causes people to be happy B) not much, because there may be many reasons to explain this association C) being happy causes people to grow taller, because they are less stressed D) happiness cannot be measured 213 Which research question MUST be tested by using a correlational strategy? A) Do parents who frequently hit their children have more aggressive children? B) Does reinforcement promote learning? C) Do children with autism spectrum disorders respond best to a certain medication? D) Does providing snacks help children focus better on a laboratory task? 214 Dr Rodriquez is studying the effects of alcohol consumption on teenagers' memory He randomly assigns people to four groups Three groups consume varying amounts of alcohol, and one group is given only soft drinks This research design is called a(n): A) experiment B) correlational study C) longitudinalTest study.Bank for Experiencing Childhood and Adolescence 1st Edition by Belsky D) naturalistic study Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ 215 To measure whether older people are calmer than younger people, a researcher gives 20-year-olds, 40-year-olds, and 60-yearolds a questionnaire This research technique is called a(n): A) experiment B) longitudinal study C) cross-sectional study D) correlational study 216 To find out if happiness increases at older ages, Samantha gives 10-year-olds, 16-year-olds, and 24-year-olds a happiness test If Samantha finds that, on average, scores increase in each older group, what should she conclude? A) As children get older, they get happier B) Older children are happier, but it is unclear if happiness increases with age C) Nothing It is a lousy study because it is not constructed well D) As children get older, it takes them more time to answer test questions 217 A friend wants to explore age differences in happiness for her Ph.D thesis She should MOST likely conduct a: A) cross-sectional study, because it will allow her to find out which people get happier over time B) cross-sectional study, because it will demand less time than other types of studies C) longitudinal study, because it will be more accurate that other types of studies D) longitudinal study, because it is easier to carry out than other types of studies 218 In a cross-sectional study, a researcher finds that college students are happier than teenagers Which is the BEST conclusion from this study? A) As children get older, they get happier B) College students are happier because they live apart from their parents C) Everyone gets happier as they go to college D) Today's college students are happier than teens 219 A friend is arguing that longitudinal research is the best way to study development Which statement should this person NOT make? A) These studies alone can reveal information about individual differences B) These studies alone can show how people really change over time C) These studies alone can reveal how early experiences relate to later behaviours D) Today, these studies are relatively easy to carry out 220 All of the following are difficulties involved in conducting longitudinal research EXCEPT that these studies: A) are expensive and take years (or decades) to complete B) demand a huge sample because people drop out over time C) not show how individual people change over time D) only offer information about how “the best people” age and develop, but not the average person Page 19 Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ 221 Longitudinal research has all of these qualities EXCEPT that it: A) takes a long time to carry out B) requires a huge sample as people drop out as the study goes on C) tends to show how the “best people” develop, not the average person D) tends to show how the worst functioning people change 222 Which person is conducting a qualitative study of divorce? A) Cynthia interviews five people about how their divorce emotionally affected them B) Alek gives a group of divorced people standard measures of mental health C) Katya tracks the impact of divorce on disease rates D) Yuri looks at the frequency of divorces today compared to 10 years ago 223 Which is a new research trend in developmental science? A) more use of single measures exploring questions B) more use of sole researchers C) relying much more on statistics in doing research D) many more international collaborative studies 224 Ask about the family size(s) of your grandmother, great grandmother and mother How many siblings did each woman have? Do your findings converge with the demographic phenomenon that (with the exception of the baby boom) fertility rates have been steadily decreasing? Then you might ask about each woman's years of education, and discuss how your findings relate to the idea that during the past 100 years, schooling has increased 225 Joey and Cyril are bornBank on the for sameExperiencing day, but Joey lives in Canada and and Cyril was born and growing up Haiti Statistically Test Childhood Adolescence 1stis Edition byinBelsky speaking, what differences between Joey and Cyril might you predict during childhood? Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ 226 Explain how you might teach table manners to a 4-year-old, using operant conditioning 227 Brandi, a high school senior, seeks help from the counselling center for her extreme shyness, and is offered a choice of treatments She can have sessions with a behavioral therapist, work with a psychoanalyst, or get therapy from a person who follows the developmental systems perspective Explain in a sentence how each treatment would differ from the others 228 Dr Ragan, a behaviorist, is the new director of an organization that prepares people to return to college after they have dropped out Dr Ragan's mission is to design a program to assist clients in their efforts to successfully reenter school Using the principles of traditional behaviorism, modeling, and self-efficacy, spell out some strategies that Dr Regan might employ 229 Spell out the main similarity and difference between John Bowlby's attachment theory and traditional psychoanalytic theory 230 A psychologist wants to determine the heritability (or genetic contribution) of children's empathy Describe how the psychologist might design this study What findings would suggest that political attitudes are highly genetic? 231 Give an example each of evocative and active genetic/environment forces and how they have shaped the person you are Then give an example of either an optimum or poor person–environment fit that you have experienced this semester 232 Compare and contrast Erikson's and Freud's ideas 233 Explain Piaget's concepts of assimilation and accommodation, and give a concrete example of those processes 234 A developmentalist is studying the relationship between parenting practices and children's sociability Her plan is to watch each family's interactions at home, and then observe each child's relationships with peers at school Name the type of measurement she uses, and spell out its advantage and disadvantages 235 Melissa and Ramon want to conduct a study to determine if exercise promotes adolescent health Melissa plans to test this question using a correlational approach, while Ramon decides to conduct an experiment Describe what each student's research might look like and discuss the respective pluses and minuses of each plan 236 After researchers conduct a cross-sectional study, they find that older people are more satisfied with their family relationships than are younger people How should the researchers interpret this finding? 237 List the pluses and minuses of conducting longitudinal research 238 Take a specific concept, term, or theory in this chapter and discuss how it applied to your childhood Page 20 Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Answer Key 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 B B B C A C A A D A A A B D C D D D C B C A A A C Test Bank for Experiencing Childhood and B D Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ A B D B B B A A A A B B A B A A B A B B developmental science cohorts Socioeconomic status (or “SES”) multidisciplinary collectivist cultures nurture Theories reinforcement self-efficacy id caregivers biological (or “inborn”) behavior genetics epigenetics psychosocial task developmental systems what causes what (or “cause and effect”) experiment cohorts elite (or “select”; “special”; or other synonym of “elite”) quantitative research D B D C C B B B Page 21 Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Adolescence 1st Edition by Belsky 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 C A D A C C A A A C A D D A D A D C A A B D D D D C D B B D A D D D B A B D C B B A B A B C A D A A D A C B C B A D A A D B D A B D A B A B A A D B D A A D Test Bank for Experiencing Childhood and Adolescence 1st Edition by Belsky Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Page 22 Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 A C A C A C A B C C B A A A A B D D A B A A A D A D D A A A D A C C A A A D D A C A D C D C B A A C C A A D B B C B A A C B B D D C D A D Test Bank for Experiencing Childhood and Adolescence 1st Edition by Belsky Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Page 23 Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ 233 234 235 236 237 238 Test Bank for Experiencing Childhood and Adolescence 1st Edition by Belsky Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Page 24 Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ ... D Test Bank for Experiencing Childhood and Adolescence 1st Edition by Belsky Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Page 23 Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ 233 234 235 236 237 238 Test. .. B A B A A D B D A A D Test Bank for Experiencing Childhood and Adolescence 1st Edition by Belsky Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Page 22 Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ 155 156... career path is _ forces A) evocative B) bidirectional C) evolutionaryTest Bank for Experiencing Childhood and Adolescence 1st Edition by Belsky D) active Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/