Chapter 01: The Origins and Evolution of Diagnostic Medical Sonography MULTIPLE CHOICE A landmark book, The Theory of Sound, represented the beginning of the modern study of acoustics and was written by: a Sir Isaac Newton b Robert Boyle c Leonardo da Vinci d Lord Rayleigh ANS: D REF: Early real-time ultrasound systems relied on the use of _ transducers a linear array b phased-array c convex (curvilinear) d mechanical sectoring ANS: A REF: 16 Bi-stable imaging systems were replaced by grayscale methods because: a the image display was too slow b they failed to demonstrate subtle soft tissue interfaces c they had limited recording options d the phosphor-coated screens were subject to screen “decay.” ANS: B REF: 12 The destructive nature of ultrasound on biologic organisms and living tissue was first discussed in 1927 by: a Woods and Loomis b Langevin and Chilowsky c Howry and Holmes d Pierce and Firestone ANS: A REF: Which physician devoted his career to the study and development of noninvasive measurement of the peripheral vascular system? a John Reid b Don Baker c Rokuru Uchida d Eugene Strandness ANS: D REF: 15 Mobile real-time scanners eventually replaced bulky static scanners but retained the disadvantage of: a noise b sector artifacts c limited field of view d poor gain ANS: C REF: 17 Francis Fry and Elizabeth Kelly Fry are best known for their work in _ ultrasound a vascular b breast c obstetric d ophthalmic ANS: B REF: 12 Who first identified the characteristic motion patterns of the anterior leaflet of the mitral valve? a Carl Hellmuth Hertz b Claude Joyner c Inge Edler d Sven Effert ANS: C REF: 10 The phenomenon of piezoelectricity was discovered by: a the Curie brothers b Wild and Reid c Leopold and Donald d Langevin and Chilowsky ANS: A REF: Copyright © 2013, 2006, 1993 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ 10 The _ was the direct precursor to the imaging systems in use today a diasonograph b Searle Vidoson c Porta-Arm scanner d reflectoscope ANS: C REF: 11 Pythagoras observed: a that sound is produced by one object striking another b that sound is carried to the ears by the movement of air c the relationship between pitch and frequency d that sound travels in waves ANS: C REF: 12 Who was the first to compare sound waves with the waves produced by dropping a pebble into a calm body of water? a Archytas of Tarentum b Socrates c Leonardo da Vinci d Boethius ANS: D REF: 13 Who is thought to have originated the idea that sound travels in waves? a Galileo b Leonardo da Vinci c Sir Isaac Newton d Robert Boyle ANS: B REF: 14 Based on his experiments with bats, _ postulated that there was a range of sound beyond humans’ hearing a Francis Galton b Christian Doppler c Lazzaro Spallanzani d Wilhelm Roentgen ANS: C REF: 15 Focused high-energy ultrasound waves are used to: a visualize the interior of the body b remove unwanted tissue c produce cavitation d detect intracranial lesions ANS: B REF: 16 Who pioneered A-mode mapping of the human brain? a Douglass Howry b Karl Dussik c John Reid d John Wild ANS: B REF: 17 Who first considered using ultrasound to detect tissue thickness? a John Wild b Douglass Howry c Ian Donald d George Ludwig ANS: A REF: 18 A major limitation of bi-stable imaging stemmed from its: a need to use two oscilloscopes b cumbersome assembly c need to immerse patients in water d storage phosphor cathode ray tube ANS: D REF: 19 Who first produced ultrasound images of the fetal gestational sac? a Kenneth Gottesfield b Ian Donald c Phillipe Jeanty d Stuart Campbell ANS: B REF: 10 Copyright © 2013, 2006, 1993 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ 20 The development of sonar is linked to the invention of the: a reflectoscope b hydrophone c supersonic receiver d ultrasonic whistle ANS: B REF: 21 Who was the first American to detail the methods and advantages of fetal cephalometry? a Barry Goldberg b Lajos von Micsky c J Stauffer Lehman d Nathaniel Bronson ANS: A REF: 11 22 Floyd Firestone invented the: a ceiling-mounted transducer carriage b water path scanner c fast B-scanner d reflectoscope ANS: D REF: 23 Who is credited with first noting that the angle of reflection is equal to the angle of incidence? a Leonardo da Vinci b Francis Galton c Christian Doppler d Augustin Fresnel ANS: A REF: 24 _ can concentrate up to 1000 intersecting beams of ultrasound energy to destroy abnormal tissue a ARFI b HIFU c Thermal ablation d Elastography ANS: B REF: 28 25 Harmonic imaging is a(n): a quantitative method of distinguishing different types of tissue b ideal technology for studying the progression, stabilization, and potential regression of coronary atherosclerosis c technique that is somewhat underused except in specialty practices d All of the above are correct ANS: A REF: 21 Copyright © 2013, 2006, 1993 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ ... in specialty practices d All of the above are correct ANS: A REF: 21 Copyright © 2013, 2006, 1993 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ ... Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ 20 The development of sonar is linked to the invention of the: a reflectoscope b hydrophone c supersonic receiver... quantitative method of distinguishing different types of tissue b ideal technology for studying the progression, stabilization, and potential regression of coronary atherosclerosis c technique that is