Page of This chapter has 50 questions Scroll down to see and select individual questions or narrow the list using the checkboxes below questions at random and keep in order Multiple Choice Questions - (45) Odd Numbered - (25) Short Answer Questions - (5) Even Numbered - (25) In 1925, the Scopes "Monkey Trial" legally established evolution as a valid scientific theory legally established evolution as a "coexistent theory on the creation of humankind." overturned the State of Tennessee's ban on teaching the theory of evolution in public schools → upheld the State of Tennessee's ban on teaching the theory of evolution in public schools Multiple Choice Question Which of the following is NOTtrue about evolution? It is accepted by virtually all scientists in every country of the world → It inherently conflicts with the teachings of Christianity It is at the very heart of anthropology It is an extremely well supported theory Multiple Choice Question The main subfields of anthropology are → archaeology, linguistic anthropology, cultural anthropology, and biological anthropology architectural anthropology, biological anthropology, linguistic anthropology, and cultural anthropology biological anthropology, evolutionary anthropology, cultural anthropology, and linguistic anthropology cultural anthropology, biological anthropology, archaeology, and evolutionary anthropology Test Bank for Biological Anthropology 2nd Edition by Fuentes Multiple Choice Question Full file atis https://TestbankDirect.eu/Test-Bank-for-Biological-Anthropology-2nd-Edition-by-Fuen Biological anthropology also called evolutionary anthropology forensic anthropology → physical anthropology primatology Multiple Choice Question _ is the patterns of behavior we exhibit in our families, relationships, religions, laws, moral codes, songs, art, business, and everyday interactions Ethnography Ethnology → Culture Evolution Multiple Choice Question _ is the comparative study of cultures around the world Ethnography → Ethnology Anthropology Holistic anthropology Multiple Choice Question Ecology is the study of fossils over a significant geological time period climatological influences on evolution animals → the interrelationships between living organisms and their environments Multiple Choice Question Active participation in the learning process is called → critical thinking the scientific method creative learning innovative learning Multiple Choice Question Philosophical inquiries and religious doctrines are examples of holistic modes of investigation comparative methods of investigation scientific methods of investigation → nonscientific modes of investigation Multiple Choice Question Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/Test-Bank-for-Biological-Anthropology-2nd-Edition-by-Fuen Page of 10 The scientific method prevents biases resulting from personal and cultural factors → is influenced by personal and cultural factors reduces potential effects of personal and cultural factors through repetitive experimentation None of the above Multiple Choice Question 11 Evolution is factual theoretical → both factual and theoretical neither factual nor theoretical Multiple Choice Question 12 _ was the first to clearly lay out a theory of evolution Charles Darwin Erasmus Darwin → Lamarck Cuvier Multiple Choice Question 13 _ is the system of naming and classifying organisms Binomial nomenclature Zoonomia Test Bank for Biological Anthropology 2nd Edition by Fuentes → Taxonomy Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/Test-Bank-for-Biological-Anthropology-2nd-Edition-by-Fuen Genus, species Multiple Choice Question 14 _ is the study of a specific culture → Ethnography Ethnology Anthropology Holistic anthropology Multiple Choice Question 15 The study of the rock and soil layers of the earth is called → stratigraphy geology strata chronology mineralogical anthropology Multiple Choice Question 16 The idea that the earth revolves around the sun is called ethnocentric theory → heliocentric theory contracentric theory elliptocentric theory Multiple Choice Question 17 Which of the following is NOT true about the Greek and Roman philosophers' ideas on "essentialism"? It provided an explanation for variations in different forms of an organism It dictated that each organism has a true, ideal form → It dictated that no organism has a true, ideal form It dictated that representatives of an organism have slight deviations Multiple Choice Question 18 The Greek scala naturae, or great chain of being was the belief that all forms of life evolved from one ‘link.' was the core idea from which Darwin developed his notion of natural selection → ranked all forms of life on the planet from most important to least important was the belief in the fixity of nature Multiple Choice Question 19 The test portion of scientific methodology is designed to prove that a hypothesis is right → prove that a hypothesis is wrong prove that a hypothesis is either right or wrong see which variables really need to be tested Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/Test-Bank-for-Biological-Anthropology-2nd-Edition-by-Fuen Page of Multiple Choice Question 20 Science differs from all other modes of investigating human beings and the world around us in that the methodology used produces irrefutable proof of being right → can only prove something wrong produces replicale proof of being right produces irrefutable proof of studying the wrong variables Multiple Choice Question 21 The hypothetical-deductive approach to scientific inquiry entails the first support for a hypothesis such that it does not need to be retested making baseline observations first, rather than testing a hypothesis first making baseline observations on nonexisting knowledge first → testing a hypothesis as a first step, rather than making baseline observations first Multiple Choice Question 22 A is a set of hypotheses that is supported again and again by multiple researchers → theory paradigm fact robust theory Multiple Choice Question 23 A consists of a set of supported hypotheses that all interconnect and act as a powerful tool for explaining Test Bank for Biological Anthropology 2nd Edition by Fuentes natural phenomena paradigm Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/Test-Bank-for-Biological-Anthropology-2nd-Edition-by-Fuen model theory → robust theory Multiple Choice Question 24 A is a predominant way of thinking about ideas → paradigm hypothesis theory robust theory Multiple Choice Question 25 A is a testable explanation of the observed facts paradigm → hypothesis theory robust theory Multiple Choice Question 26 Which of the following is true about science? It seeks to resolve disagreements of "expert" opinion It can answer questions such as, "Why are we here?" → It is self-correcting It provides ultimate "truths" Multiple Choice Question 27 Darwin first used the phrase, "survival of the fittest" in the first edition of On the Origin of Species → in a later edition of On the Origin of Species during a talk on natural selection never (he never personally used this phrase) Multiple Choice Question 28 Evolution via natural selection → is neutral is goal-directed leads to increased structural complexity creates higher forms Multiple Choice Question 29 Within the context of science, which of the following is the definition of parsimony? dividing organisms into categories Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/Test-Bank-for-Biological-Anthropology-2nd-Edition-by-Fuen Page of → separating species on the basis of similar anatomical traits species evolving over a similar amount of time the simplest explanation is the most likely Multiple Choice Question 30 Which of the following is the definition of uniformitarianism? Species' biological traits not change over time → Geological processes observed in the present are the same as those in the past The environment has been uniform since the beginning of time The speed at which evolution occurs is uniform Multiple Choice Question 31 Regarding the 1925 Scopes "Monkey Trial," which of the following is NOT true? → One year after the trial, the law against teaching evolution was removed from Tennessee law books Scopes was fined $100 One year after the trial, the verdict was overturned The trial ended with Scopes being convicted of breaking the law Multiple Choice Question 32 Which of the following is the BEST definition of reproductive success? the number of offspring an organism has the number of mating opportunities an organism has → the number of surviving offspring an organism has the number individuals withAnthropology which an organism mates Test Bank offor Biological 2nd Edition by Fuentes Multiple Choice Question Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/Test-Bank-for-Biological-Anthropology-2nd-Edition-by-Fuen 33 Regarding the teaching of evolution in U.S high schools, which of the following is NOT true? Science standards in some states require that the discussion of evolution is labeled as only one theory among many in explaining life on this planet Science standards in some states require that disclaimer stickers be placed on all science textbooks dealing with evolution Science standards in some states prohibit the mention of evolution in the classroom Science standards in some states require that when biological change over time is discussed, the word → evolution can only be mentioned once Multiple Choice Question 34 Which one of the following is NOT descriptive of Carolus Linnaeus? He was a Swedish naturalist → He was an atheist He was interested in understanding God's wisdom He is considered to be the "father" of taxonomy Multiple Choice Question 35 Regarding evolution, which one of the following is true? Evolution claims that people are descended from monkeys Evolution claims that people are descended from apes Evolution tries to disprove the teachings of the Bible → Evolution does not present an irreconcilable conflict with religious values Multiple Choice Question 36 Regarding science, which of the following statements is true? It is a belief system It is a system of expert validation It is a body of truth → It is a methodology Multiple Choice Question 37 Which one of the following was NOT believed by Linnaeus? → that organisms should be catalogued based on evolutionary historical similarities that no new species could arise that nature was constructed "in the hand of God" that no substantial change could occur in living forms Multiple Choice Question 38 Which one of the following is NOT a part of critical thinking? systematic assessment of information → accepting what you hear at face value actively participating in the learning process Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/Test-Bank-for-Biological-Anthropology-2nd-Edition-by-Fuen Page of taking control of the information presented to you and examining it Multiple Choice Question 39 Natural selection is the result of all of the following EXCEPT → bigger organisms surviving at a higher rate than smaller organisms existing variation in organisms the interaction of organisms with their environment heritable variation in organisms Multiple Choice Question 40 Lamarck proposed a process of evolution with three major components Which one of the following was NOT one of the three components of evolution proposed by Lamarck? the law of use and disuse the inheritance of acquired characteristics the will to change → the environment does not challenge organisms Multiple Choice Question 41 Which of the following is NOT one of the basic ideas shared by Darwin and Wallace? that heritable variation occurs in nature → that some organisms need more food than others that the environment poses a challenge to organisms that some variants better than others Test Bank for Biological Anthropology 2nd Edition by Fuentes Multiple Choice Question 42 Which of the following is NOT a primate? Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/Test-Bank-for-Biological-Anthropology-2nd-Edition-by-Fuen humans → presimians prosimians apes Multiple Choice Question 43 Which of the following is NOT a part of the scientific method? hypothesis formulation testing and retesting → reasoning observation Multiple Choice Question 44 Scientific collaboration is all of the following EXCEPT → minimizing the quality of tests and data using the published results of other scientists' work performing experiments and observations together getting multiple views on various issues Multiple Choice Question 45 Which of the following is the definition of niche? specific evolution specific adaptation → specific environment specific theory Multiple Choice Question 46 Define anthropology and explain what its four subfields are, and what they encompass In your answer, also give an example of a specific study that could be conducted in each of the four subfields of anthropology Explanation: Answers will vary Short Answer Question 47 Describe what science is and how it works Discuss the steps of the scientific method Explain how the scientific method proves something right/wrong Explanation: Answers will vary Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/Test-Bank-for-Biological-Anthropology-2nd-Edition-by-Fuen Page of Short Answer Question 48 Discuss whether evolution is a fact or a theory Detail from where our ideas about evolution come In your answer, be sure to name and mention the ideas of at least three of the following great thinkers; John Ray, Carolus Linnaeus, Comte de Buffon, Erasmus Darwin, Jean Baptiste Lamarck, Georges Cuvier, or Charles Lyell Explanation: Answers will vary Short Answer Question 49 Discuss three specific beliefs before AND three specific beliefs after the scientific revolution that helped shape the way people viewed the natural world In your answer, be sure to use and define concepts such as stasis, fixity of species, the great chain of being, etc Explanation: Answers will vary Short Answer Question 50 Darwin and Wallace realized that in order for evolutionary change by natural selection to occur, several conditions must exist/be met Name and describe these conditions Test Bank for Biological Anthropology 2nd Edition by Fuentes Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/Test-Bank-for-Biological-Anthropology-2nd-Edition-by-Fuen Explanation: Answers will vary Short Answer Question Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/Test-Bank-for-Biological-Anthropology-2nd-Edition-by-Fuen ... nomenclature Zoonomia Test Bank for Biological Anthropology 2nd Edition by Fuentes → Taxonomy Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu /Test- Bank- for- Biological- Anthropology- 2nd- Edition- by- Fuen Genus,... tool for explaining Test Bank for Biological Anthropology 2nd Edition by Fuentes natural phenomena paradigm Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu /Test- Bank- for- Biological- Anthropology- 2nd- Edition- by- Fuen... withAnthropology which an organism mates Test Bank offor Biological 2nd Edition by Fuentes Multiple Choice Question Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu /Test- Bank- for- Biological- Anthropology- 2nd- Edition- by- Fuen