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ITCertifyhome.com The Only Way to get Certified Quickly. Exam :640-606SG Title:Support 2.0 (CIT) Study Guide Version Number:May,2003 You are now prepared to pass your exam. This ITCer- tifyhome will provide you with all the knowledge abo- ut the real certification exams. We hope you will take full advantage of this tool. The Use of this ITcertifyhome is strictly for the purchaser. Illegal dissemination is harmful to everyone. So be fair to yourself and us. For Support, please go to ITcertifyhome.com and click on "Support" link. For future updates to this ITcertifyhome, please check our website at http://www.ITcertifyhome.com/Login.asp If the version number has changed for this file, you can download the updated file. Get ITcertifyhome Product .Get your Certified . And Get your career moving! Study Faster. Study Smarter. Save Time.Save Money. - 2 - TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Tables Introduction 11. Support Resources for Troubleshooting 1.1 Network Media Test Equipment 1.2 Network Monitors 1.3 Protocol Analyzers 1.4 Network Management Systems 1.5 CiscoWorks 1.5.1 CiscoWorks for Switched Internetworks Software (CWSI) Campus 1.5.2 TrafficDirector Remote Monitoring Software 1.6 Simulation and Modeling Tools 1.7 Cisco Connection Online (CCO) 2. Understanding Troubleshooting Methods 2.1 The steps and scope of systematic troubleshooting 2.2 The Problem-Solving Model 2.3 A Baseline Model of the Network 3. Identifying Troubleshooting Targets 3.1 Data Link Troubleshooting 3.1.1 Troubleshooting Physical and Data Link Protocol 3.1.2 Clearing Interface Counters 3.2 The show Commands 3.3 Token Ring Soft Errors 3.4 Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP) 3.4.1 Common Protocol Characteristics 3.4.2 Protocol Connection Troubleshooting 3.4.2.1 TCP Connection Sequence 3.4.2.2 Novell Connection Sequence - 3 - 3.4.2.3 AppleTalk Connection Sequence 4. Applying Cisco Troubleshooting Tools 4.1 Routing and Switching Processes 4.2 Switching in Different Routers Models 4.2.1 The 7000 Series 4.2.2 The 7500 Series 4.2.3 The 4000, 3000, and 2500 Series 4.3 The debug Tool 4.4 Error Messages 4.5 Reachability and Path Tests 4.5.1 The ping Command 4.5.2 The traceroute Command 4.6 Gathering further information 4.6.1 The show version Command 4.6.2 The show buffers Command 4.6.3 The show memory Command 4.6.4 The show processes Command 4.6.5 The show controllers cxbus Command 4.6.6 The show stacks Command 4.6.7 Core Dumps 5. Diagnosing and Correcting Campus TCP/IP, Novell Networking and AppleTalk Problems 5.1 Cisco IOS Troubleshooting Tools and Commands for TCP/IP, IPX and AppleTalk. 5.1.1 The ping , traceroute and test Commands 5.1.2 The show ip , show ipx and show appletalk Commands 5.1.2.1 The show ip Commands 5.1.2.2 The show ipx Commands 5.1.2.3 The show appletalk Commands 5.1.3 The debug ip , debug ipx and debug apple Commands 5.1.3.1 The debug ip Commands 5.1.3.2 The debug ipx Commands 5.1.3.3 The debug apple Commands 5.2 General Problem Isolation Method for TCP/IP Connectivity 5.2.1 Browser Issues in Microsoft Products 5.2.2 Redistribution between IP Routing Protocols 5.3 Problem Isolation in IPX Networks - 4 - 5.3.1 IPX Frame Type 5.3.2 ipx gns-response-delay 5.3.3 Specific IPX Problems, Causes, and Possible Actions 5.3.3.1 Client cannot connect to the local LAN’s server 5.3.3.2 Client cannot connect to a remote LAN’s server. 5.3.3.3 NetBIOS applications on the client cannot access a remote server. 5.3.3.4 No connectivity over the IPX router. 5.3.3.5 Router does not propagate SAP updates. 5.4 AppleTalk Configuration and Troubleshooting Checklist 5.4.1 Common AppleTalk Faults 5.4.2 Common AppleTalk Symptoms 5.4.3 Solving Common AppleTalk Problems 5.4.3.1 Configuration Mismatches 5.4.3.2 Duplicate Cable Range/Network Numbers 5.4.3.3 Phase I/Phase II Incompatibility 5.4.3.4 Unstable Routes 5.4.3.5 ZIP Storms 5.4.3.6 Old Zone Names Appearing in the Chooser 5.4.3.7 Zones do not Appeare in the Chooser 6. Diagnosing and Correcting Catalyst Problems 6.1 CiscoWorks for Switched Internetworks (CWSI) 6.2 Catalyst 5000 Switches 6.2.1 Embedded RMON Agent and SwitchProbe 6.2.2 Catalyst Switch LEDs 6.2.3 Cable, Speed, and Media 6.2.4 Catalyst Power-on Self-Test 6.2.5 Catalyst 5000 Spanning Tree 6.2.6 Troubleshooting Catalyst 5000 6.2.6.1 VLAN Trunking Protocol (VTP) and Interswitch Trunk Links (ISLs) 6.2.6.2 Using ping 6.2.6.3 The Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP) 6.2.6.4 The show Commands 6.2.6.3 The set and clear Commands 6.2.7 Catalyst Symptoms, Problems, and Suggested Actions 6.2.7.1 Connection a Designated Local Switch is not Working 6.2.7.2 Communication Problems between the Terminal or Modem and the Switch 6.2.7.3 Cannot Access Switch from Remote Devices 7. Troubleshooting VLANS on Routers and Switches 7.1 Troubleshooting Cisco IOS Configuration - 5 - 7.2 VLAN Design Issues for Troubleshooting 7.3 Switch/Router Configuration Consistency 7.4 Router VLAN Diagnostic Tools 7.4.1 The show Commands 7.4.2 The debug Commands 7.5 Problem Isolation in Router/Switch VLAN Networks 8. Diagnosing and Correcting Frame Relay Problems 8.1 Frame Relay Troubleshooting 8.2 The Frame Relay Diagnostic Tools 8.2.1 Frame Relay Loopback Testing 8.2.2 The show Commands 8.2.3 The debug Commands 8.3 Frame Relay Problem Isolation 9. Diagnosing and Correcting ISDN BRI Problems 9.1 ISDN Components and Reference Points 9.2 BRI Channels 9.2.1 ISDN BRI Layer 1 9.2.2 ISDN Layer 2 9.2.3 ISDN Layer 3 9.2.4 ISDN End-to-End Circuit 9.2.5 PPP over B Channel - 6 - LIST OF TABLES TABLE 3.1 TABLE 3.2 TABLE 3.3 TABLE 3.4 TABLE 3.5 TABLE 3.6 TABLE 4.1 TABLE 4.2 TABLE 4.3 TABLE 6.1 TABLE 6.2 TABLE 6.3 TABLE 7.1 TABLE 9.1 The show interfaces fddi Fields The show interfaces atm Fields Token Ring Isolating Soft Errors Token Ring Nonisolating Soft Error The show novell traffic Fields The show appletalk traffic Fields Commands for Logging Message Destinations Logging Message Severity Levels Common Failure Reported by the show stacks Command Cable Length Limitations The show system Command Fields The show test Command Fields Default VLANs on a Catalyst 5000 Switch ISDN Reference Points - 7 - Cisco CCNP Support - Certified Internetwork Troubleshooting (CIT) Exam Code: 640-606 Certifications: Cisco CCNP Routing and Switching Certification Core Prerequisites: Cisco CCNA Routing and Switching Certification Exam 640-607. About This Study Guide This Study Guide is based on the current pool of exam questions for the Cisco 640-606 – Support exam. As such it provides all the information required to pass the Cisco 640-606 exam and is organized around the specific skills that are tested in that exam. Thus, the information contained in this Study Guide is specific to the 640-606 exam and does not represent a complete reference work on the subject of Internetwork Troubleshooting. Topics covered in this Study Guide includes Traffic and Data link Fundamentals: Identifying troubleshooting targets for connection-oriented and connectionless protocols, Identifying common data link layer characteristics and key troubleshooting targets a campus LAN environment, Identifying connection sequences and key troubleshooting targets within TCP/IP, and Identifying connection sequences and key troubleshooting targets within Novell IPX; Troubleshooting Tools, Methods and Targets: Identifying the types and purposes of tools commonly used for network troubleshooting, Describing and identifying how to use the Cisco information resources, Listing the preferred methods for escalation of troubleshooting issues to Cisco's service and support programs; Using the Cisco IOS Troubleshooting Commands and Debugging Utilities: Using troubleshooting tools and minimizing their impact on a Cisco router's switching type and data flow, and Identifying and using Cisco IOSTM software commands and debug utilities to filter, capture and display protocol traffic flows; Implementing Efficient Troubleshooting Methods: Describing an efficient problem-solving method; Implementing Problem Isolation for TCP/IP and Novell IPX: Explaining the use of problem isolation techniques to list the symptoms of common TCP/IP and IPX problems on routed networks, and Applying diagnostic tools to solve network problems; Troubleshooting VLANC on Switches and Routers: Explaining how Cisco routers and switches use VLAN technology, Applying diagnostic tools to switched and routed VLAN configuration problems, and Using Cisco IOS router troubleshooting commands and Catalyst switch troubleshooting commands; Problem Isolation and Resolution on Catalyst Switches: Explaining Catalyst technology, Describing troubleshooting and problem isolation techniques to list the symptoms of Catalyst 5000 and VLAN problems on switched Ethernet Networks, and Applying diagnostic tools to solve Catalyst 5000 problems; Problem Isolation and Resolution for ISDN BRI: Using Cisco IOS commands and problem isolation techniques to identify the symptoms of common ISDN BRI problems, and Applying diagnostic tools to solve ISDN BRI problems; and Problem Isolation and Resolution for Frame Relay WANs: Using Cisco IOS commands and problem isolation techniques to identify the symptoms of common WAN and Frame Relay problems, and Applying diagnostic tools to solve Frame Relay problems. - 8 - Intended Audience This Study Guide is targeted specifically at people who wish to take the Cisco CCNP 640-606 – Support (CIT) exam. This information in this Study Guide is specific to the exam. It is not a complete reference work. Although our Study Guides are aimed at new comers to the world of IT, the concepts dealt with in this Study Guide are complex and require an understanding of material provided for the Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA) exam 640-607. Knowledge of CompTIA’s A+ course would also be advantageous but is not a requirement. Note: There is a fair amount of overlap between this Study Guide and the 640- 604 and 640-605 Study Guides. We would not advise skimming over the information that seems familiar as this Study Guide either expands on the information, as it does in relation to the 640-607 Study Guide, or approaches the information from a different angle. How To Use This Study Guide To benefit from this Study Guide we recommend that you: • Although there is a fair amount of overlap between this Study Guide and the 640-607, 640-604 and 640- 605 Study Guides, the relevant information from those Study Guides are included in this Study Guide. This is thus the only Study Guide you will require to pass the 640-606 exam. • Study each chapter carefully until you fully understand the information. This will require regular and disciplined work. Where possible, attempt to implement the information in a lab setup. • Be sure that you have studied and understand the entire Study Guide before you take the exam. Note: Remember to pay special attention to these note boxes as they contain important additional information that is specific to the exam. Good luck! - 9 - 1 . Support Resources for Troubleshooting Today’s networks are mission critical resources, this makes the network support task very essential. Should a component break down or be misconfigured, the network support engineers must be able to diagnose and fix the problem in a timely manner while allowing connectivity through alternate devices. A variety of tools has been created to help network support engineers. 1.1 Network Media Test Equipment There are three classes of equipment for testing the physical layer medium: • Volt/Ohm meters and digital multimeters used to check for cable connectivity and continuity. • Cable testers or scanners, also test for connectivity but are more sophisticated than Volt/Ohm meters. Are able report cable conditions such as attenuation, near-end crosstalk (NEXT), and noise. Can also provide the measurement of a cable’s impedance. • TDRs and OTDRs, devices that provide time domain reflectometer (TDR and optical TDR or OTDR for fiber-optic cable testing), wire-map, and traffic monitoring functionality. Can locate opens, shorts, kinks, sharp bends, crimps, and impedance mismatches. 1.2 Network Monitors A Layer 2 tool used to capture, display and save traffic passing through a network cable. Can take the raw data and provide information on frame sizes, number of erroneous frames, MAC addresses, number of broadcasts, etc. Network monitors can: • Monitor network activity over a period of time, making it possible to establishing a network baseline. • Assist in network capacity planning by observing patterns of changing network utilization. • Identify traffic overloads and bottlenecks. 1.3 Protocol Analyzers Similar to network monitors but are capable of interpreting and displaying the packet, segment, and other (higher) protocol data units (PDUs). Can be used to study the format or behavior of certain protocols; to check time delays between request and response. 1.4 Network Management Systems Most networks deploy a variety of topologies, protocols, applications, and remote access technologies and techniques. Network management systems are tools that can be used to understand, monitor, troubleshoot, modify, scale, and secure networks. Five key functional areas of network management are: • Fault management • Performance management [...]... of logging messages TABLE 4.2: Logging Message Severity Levels Level Name Severity Description Syslog Definition emergencies 0 System unusable LOG_EMERG alerts 1 Immediate action required LOG_ALERT critical 2 Critical condition LOG_CRIT errors 3 Error condition LOG_ERR warnings 4 Warning condition LOG_WARNING notifications 5 Normal significant condition LOG_NOTICE informational 6 Informational messages... RP and a Switch Processor (SP) The SP only had an Autonomous Switch Cache The SSP has both an Autonomous Switch Cache and a Silicon Switch Cache However, autonomous and silicon switching are not enabled by default You can enable either or both of these switching options on a per-protocol basis at each interface of a router The commands for enabling and disabling fast switching, autonomous switching,... established a connection with its neighbor • S, which indicates that the CMT process has established a connection with its neighbor and that the bits received during the CMT signaling process indicate that the neighbor is one Physical type in a singleattached station (SAS) • B, which indicates that the CMT process has established a connection with its neighbor and that the bits received during the CMT... Route/Switch Processor instead of having two separate components for RP and SSP This eliminates the slow 153 Mbps system bus previously needed to connect the RP and SSP • The switch cache of the 7500 series router, called Optimum Switch Cache, is faster than the Silicon Switch Cache of the 7000 router Fast switching in the 7500 router is enabled by default and it is accomplished using the Fast Switch... using the Fast Switch Cache located in the Route Switch Processor (RSP) The second type of switching performed by the 7500 router is called optimum switching and is faster than the 7000 router’s Silicon Switch Cache The Optimum Switch Cache is also located on the RSP By default, optimum switching is enabled for IP on all supported interfaces However, it must be manually enabled on each interface for... debug command: • with the timestamp service to see a timestamp with each line of the debug output Load the timestamp service the using the router(config)#service timestamps debug [ datetime | uptime] command; • with the terminal monitor command to see the debug output from within a Telnet session; • to diagnose a specific facility, task, or protocol Before using the debug command, monitor the router's... Software (CWSI) Campus CWSI Campus is a suite of network management applications that provide remote monitoring, configuration, and management of switched internetworks 1.5.2 TrafficDirector Remote Monitoring Software Considered an excellent fault and performance management tool It is a part of the CWSI Campus suite of network management applications and can be used to monitor traffic on network segments Can... table (ZIT), along with the cable ranges that fall within that zone If you specify a zone_name along with this which provides statistics about AppleTalk traffic The output from this command is displayed in sections and can be used as a monitoring, troubleshooting, or network baselining tool command, then only the specified zone and the corresponding cable ranges will be displayed if it is in the ZIT •... • established a connection with its neighbor and that the bits received during the CMT signaling process indicate that the router’s neighbor is a Physical M-type concentrator that serves as a Master to a connected station or concentrator unk, which indicates that the network server has not completed the CMT process Cmt signal bits Shows the transmitted and received CMT bits Status Status value displayed... which is called distributed switching, makes the processing of packets more than three times faster than silicon switching To enable or disable distributed switching for a protocol on a VIP card, use the following interface configuration command: Router(config-if)# [no] [protocol] route-cache distributed Netflow switching was introduced with Cisco IOS version 11.1(2) It identifies a flow based on the . ITcertifyhome .com and click on "Support" link. For future updates to this ITcertifyhome, please check our website at http://www.ITcertifyhome .com/ Login.asp. ITCertifyhome .com The Only Way to get Certified Quickly. Exam :640-606SG Title:Support 2.0 (CIT) Study Guide Version Number:May,2003