start Automotive Technology: Principles, Diagnosis, and Service, 3rd Edition By James D Halderman ©©2008 2009Pearson PearsonEducation, Education,Inc Inc Pearson PearsonPrentice PrenticeHall Hall- -Upper UpperSaddle SaddleRiver, River,NJ NJ07458 07458 OBJECTIVES: After studying Chapter 9, the reader should be able to: • • • • Describe what tool is best to use for each job Discuss how to safely use hand tools Explain the difference between the brand name (trade name) and the proper name for tools Explain how to maintain hand tools Automotive Technology: Principles, Diagnosis, and Service, 3rd Edition By James D Halderman ©©2008 2009Pearson PearsonEducation, Education,Inc Inc Pearson PearsonPrentice PrenticeHall Hall- -Upper UpperSaddle SaddleRiver, River,NJ NJ07458 07458 KEY TERMS: adjustable wrench • aviation tin snips • beam-type torque wrench • box-end wrench • breaker bar (flex handle) cheater bar • chisel • clicker-type torque wrench • cold chisel • close end • combination wrench • crowfoot socket dead-blow hammer • diagonal (side-cut or dike) pliers • double-cut file • drive size • easy out • extension files • fitting wrench • flare-nut wrench • flat-tip (straight blade) screwdriver • hacksaw • locking pliers Continued Automotive Technology: Principles, Diagnosis, and Service, 3rd Edition By James D Halderman ©©2008 2009Pearson PearsonEducation, Education,Inc Inc Pearson PearsonPrentice PrenticeHall Hall- -Upper UpperSaddle SaddleRiver, River,NJ NJ07458 07458 KEY TERMS: (cont.) multi-groove adjustable pliers • needle-nose pliers • nut splitter offset left aviation snip • offset right aviation snip • openend wrench • punch • ratchet • removers screwdriver • seal driver • seal puller • single-cut file • slip-joint pliers • snap-ring pliers • socket • socket adapter • straight cut aviation snip • stud removal tool • stud remover tin snips • torque wrench • tube-nut wrench • universal joint • utility knife ã VISE GRIPS water pump pliers ã wrench Automotive Technology: Principles, Diagnosis, and Service, 3rd Edition By James D Halderman ©©2008 2009Pearson PearsonEducation, Education,Inc Inc Pearson PearsonPrentice PrenticeHall Hall- -Upper UpperSaddle SaddleRiver, River,NJ NJ07458 07458 WRENCHES Wrenches are the most used hand tool by service techs Most are constructed of forged alloy, usually chrome-vanadium steel The wrench is formed, hardened, tempered to reduce brittleness, and then chrome plated There are several types of wrenches Figure 9–1 A forged wrench after it has been forged but before the flashing, extra material around the wrench has been removed Automotive Technology: Principles, Diagnosis, and Service, 3rd Edition By James D Halderman ©©2008 2009Pearson PearsonEducation, Education,Inc Inc Pearson PearsonPrentice PrenticeHall Hall- -Upper UpperSaddle SaddleRiver, River,NJ NJ07458 07458 Open-End Wrench An open-end wrench is used for bolts or nuts that not require a lot of torque It can be easily placed on a bolt or nut with an angle of 15 degrees The disadvantage of an open-end wrench is lack of torque that can be applied, as the open jaws of the wrench only contact two flat surfaces of the fastener An open-end wrench has two different sizes; one at each end Figure 9–2 A typical open-end wrench The size is different on each end and notice that the head is angled 15 degrees at each end Automotive Technology: Principles, Diagnosis, and Service, 3rd Edition By James D Halderman ©©2008 2009Pearson PearsonEducation, Education,Inc Inc Pearson PearsonPrentice PrenticeHall Hall- -Upper UpperSaddle SaddleRiver, River,NJ NJ07458 07458 Box-End Wrench A box-end wrench, is also called a close-end wrench, has two different sizes; one at each end It is placed over the top of, and grips the points of the fastener Figure 9–3 A typical box-end wrench is able to grip the bolt or nut at points completely around the fastener Each end is a different size Figure 9–4 The end of a box-end wrench is angled 15 degrees to allow clearance for nearby objects or other fasteners A box-end wrench should be used to loosen or to tighten fasteners Continued Automotive Technology: Principles, Diagnosis, and Service, 3rd Edition By James D Halderman ©©2008 2009Pearson PearsonEducation, Education,Inc Inc Pearson PearsonPrentice PrenticeHall Hall- -Upper UpperSaddle SaddleRiver, River,NJ NJ07458 07458 Most service technicians purchase combination wrenches, which are open at one end and have the same size box on the other end Figure 9–5 A combination wrench has an open end at one end and a box end at the other A combination wrench allows the tech to loosen or tighten a fastener using the box end of the wrench, and turn it around to use the open end to increase the speed of rotating the fastener Continued Automotive Technology: Principles, Diagnosis, and Service, 3rd Edition By James D Halderman ©©2008 2009Pearson PearsonEducation, Education,Inc Inc Pearson PearsonPrentice PrenticeHall Hall- -Upper UpperSaddle SaddleRiver, River,NJ NJ07458 07458 Adjustable Wrench An adjustable wrench is often used where the exact size wrench is not available or when a large nut, such as a wheel spindle nut, needs to be rotated but not tightened Figure 9–6 An adjustable wrench Adjustable wrenches are sized by the overall length of the wrench and not how far the jaws open Common sizes include 8, 10, and 12 inch An adjustable wrench should not be used to loosen or tighten fasteners because the moveable jaws can loosen their grip on the fastener, causing it to become rounded Continued Automotive Technology: Principles, Diagnosis, and Service, 3rd Edition By James D Halderman ©©2008 2009Pearson PearsonEducation, Education,Inc Inc Pearson PearsonPrentice PrenticeHall Hall- -Upper UpperSaddle SaddleRiver, River,NJ NJ07458 07458 Line Wrenches Called flare-nut wrenches, fitting wrenches, or tube-nut wrenches Designed to grip almost all the way around a nut used to retain a fuel or refrigerant line, and yet able to be installed over the line Figure 9–7 The end of a typical line wrench, which shows that it is capable of grasping most of the head of the fitting Automotive Technology: Principles, Diagnosis, and Service, 3rd Edition By James D Halderman 10 ©©2008 2009Pearson PearsonEducation, Education,Inc Inc Pearson PearsonPrentice PrenticeHall Hall- -Upper UpperSaddle SaddleRiver, River,NJ NJ07458 07458 Electric soldering pencil This type is less expensive and creates less heat than an electric soldering gun A typical electric soldering pencil (iron) creates 30 to 60 watts of heat, suitable for soldering smaller wires and connections Butane-powered soldering iron Is portable and very useful for automotive service work because an electrical cord is not needed Butane powered irons produce about 60 watts of heat Most service techs who electrical-related work should have: Wire cutters Wire crimpers Wire strippers Heat gun A digital multimeter, abbreviated DMM, is necessary for electrical diagnosis and trouble-shooting It is usually capable of measuring the following units of electricity: DC Volts AC Volts Automotive Technology: Principles, Diagnosis, and Service, 3rd Edition By James D Halderman Ohms Amperes 66 ©©2008 2009Pearson PearsonEducation, Education,Inc Inc Pearson PearsonPrentice PrenticeHall Hall- -Upper UpperSaddle SaddleRiver, River,NJ NJ07458 07458 TOOL SETS AND ACCESSORIES A beginning service tech may wish to start with a small set of tools before spending money on an expensive, extensive tool box Figure 9–43 A typical large tool box, showing just one of many drawers Figure 9–42 A typical beginning technician tool set that includes the basic tools to get started Continued Automotive Technology: Principles, Diagnosis, and Service, 3rd Edition By James D Halderman 67 ©©2008 2009Pearson PearsonEducation, Education,Inc Inc Pearson PearsonPrentice PrenticeHall Hall- -Upper UpperSaddle SaddleRiver, River,NJ NJ07458 07458 BASIC HAND TOOL LIST Continued Automotive Technology: Principles, Diagnosis, and Service, 3rd Edition By James D Halderman 68 ©©2008 2009Pearson PearsonEducation, Education,Inc Inc Pearson PearsonPrentice PrenticeHall Hall- -Upper UpperSaddle SaddleRiver, River,NJ NJ07458 07458 BASIC HAND TOOL LIST (cont.) Continued Automotive Technology: Principles, Diagnosis, and Service, 3rd Edition By James D Halderman 69 ©©2008 2009Pearson PearsonEducation, Education,Inc Inc Pearson PearsonPrentice PrenticeHall Hall- -Upper UpperSaddle SaddleRiver, River,NJ NJ07458 07458 BASIC HAND TOOL LIST (cont.) Continued Automotive Technology: Principles, Diagnosis, and Service, 3rd Edition By James D Halderman 70 ©©2008 2009Pearson PearsonEducation, Education,Inc Inc Pearson PearsonPrentice PrenticeHall Hall- -Upper UpperSaddle SaddleRiver, River,NJ NJ07458 07458 BASIC HAND TOOL LIST (cont.) Continued Automotive Technology: Principles, Diagnosis, and Service, 3rd Edition By James D Halderman 71 ©©2008 2009Pearson PearsonEducation, Education,Inc Inc Pearson PearsonPrentice PrenticeHall Hall- -Upper UpperSaddle SaddleRiver, River,NJ NJ07458 07458 BASIC HAND TOOL LIST (cont.) Continued Automotive Technology: Principles, Diagnosis, and Service, 3rd Edition By James D Halderman 72 ©©2008 2009Pearson PearsonEducation, Education,Inc Inc Pearson PearsonPrentice PrenticeHall Hall- -Upper UpperSaddle SaddleRiver, River,NJ NJ07458 07458 BASIC HAND TOOL LIST Automotive Technology: Principles, Diagnosis, and Service, 3rd Edition By James D Halderman (cont.) 73 ©©2008 2009Pearson PearsonEducation, Education,Inc Inc Pearson PearsonPrentice PrenticeHall Hall- -Upper UpperSaddle SaddleRiver, River,NJ NJ07458 07458 “Hide Those from the Boss” An apprentice technician started working for a dealership and put his top tool box on a workbench Another technician observed that, along with a complete set of good-quality tools, the box contained several adjustable wrenches The more experienced technician said, “Hide those from the boss.” If any adjustable wrench is used on a bolt or nut, the movable jaw often moves or loosens and starts to round the head of the fastener If the head of the bolt or nut becomes rounded, it becomes that much more difficult to remove Need to Borrow a Tool More Than Twice? Buy It! Most service technicians agree that it is okay for a beginning technician to borrow a tool occasionally However, if a tool has to be borrowed more than twice, then be sure to purchase it as soon as possible Also, whenever a tool is borrowed, be sure that you clean the tool and let the technician you borrowed the tool from know that you are returning the tool These actions will help in any future dealings with other technicians Automotive Technology: Principles, Diagnosis, and Service, 3rd Edition By James D Halderman 74 ©©2008 2009Pearson PearsonEducation, Education,Inc Inc Pearson PearsonPrentice PrenticeHall Hall- -Upper UpperSaddle SaddleRiver, River,NJ NJ07458 07458 SAFETY TIPS FOR USING HAND TOOLS The following safety tips should be kept in mind whenever you are working with hand tools: Always pull a wrench toward you for best control and safety Never push a wrench Keep wrenches and all hand tools clean to help prevent rust and to allow for a better, firmer grip Always use a 6-point socket or a box-end wrench to break loose a tight bolt or nut Use a box-end wrench for torque and an open-end wrench for speed Continued Automotive Technology: Principles, Diagnosis, and Service, 3rd Edition By James D Halderman 75 ©©2008 2009Pearson PearsonEducation, Education,Inc Inc Pearson PearsonPrentice PrenticeHall Hall- -Upper UpperSaddle SaddleRiver, River,NJ NJ07458 07458 Never use a pipe extension or other type of “cheater bar” on a wrench or ratchet handle If more force is required, use a larger tool or use penetrating oil and/or heat on the fastener (If heat is used to remove a fastener, always replace it with a new part.) Always use the proper tool for the job If a specialized tool is required, use the proper tool and not try to use another tool improperly Never expose any tool to excessive heat High temperatures can reduce the strength (“draw the temper”) of metal tools Never use a hammer on any wrench or socket handle unless you are using a special “staking face” wrench designed to be used with a hammer Replace any tools that are damaged or worn Automotive Technology: Principles, Diagnosis, and Service, 3rd Edition By James D Halderman 76 ©©2008 2009Pearson PearsonEducation, Education,Inc Inc Pearson PearsonPrentice PrenticeHall Hall- -Upper UpperSaddle SaddleRiver, River,NJ NJ07458 07458 HAND TOOL MAINTENANCE Most hand tools are constructed of rust-resistant metals but they can still rust or corrode if not properly maintained For best results and long tool life, the following steps should be taken: Clean each tool before placing it back into the tool box Keep tools separated Moisture on metal tools will start to rust more readily if the tools are in contact with another metal tool Line the drawers of the tool box with a material that will prevent the tools from moving as the drawers are opened and closed This helps to quickly locate the proper tool and size Release the tension on all “clicker-type” torque wrenches Keep the tool box secure Automotive Technology: Principles, Diagnosis, and Service, 3rd Edition By James D Halderman 77 ©©2008 2009Pearson PearsonEducation, Education,Inc Inc Pearson PearsonPrentice PrenticeHall Hall- -Upper UpperSaddle SaddleRiver, River,NJ NJ07458 07458 SUMMARY Wrenches are available in open end, box end, and combination open and box end An adjustable wrench should only be used where the proper size is not available Line wrenches are also called flare-nut wrenches, fitting wrenches, or tube-nut wrenches and are used to remove fuel or refrigerant lines Sockets are rotated by a ratchet or breaker bar, also called a flex handle Continued Automotive Technology: Principles, Diagnosis, and Service, 3rd Edition By James D Halderman 78 ©©2008 2009Pearson PearsonEducation, Education,Inc Inc Pearson PearsonPrentice PrenticeHall Hall- -Upper UpperSaddle SaddleRiver, River,NJ NJ07458 07458 SUMMARY (cont.) Torque wrenches measure the amount of torque applied to a fastener Screwdriver types include straight blade (flat tip) and Phillips Hammers and mallets come in a variety of sizes and weights Pliers are a useful tool and are available in many different types, including slip-joint, multigroove, linesman’s, diagonal, needle nose, and locking pliers Other common hand tools include snap-ring pliers, files, cutters, punches, chisels, and hacksaws Automotive Technology: Principles, Diagnosis, and Service, 3rd Edition By James D Halderman 79 ©©2008 2009Pearson PearsonEducation, Education,Inc Inc Pearson PearsonPrentice PrenticeHall Hall- -Upper UpperSaddle SaddleRiver, River,NJ NJ07458 07458 end Automotive Technology: Principles, Diagnosis, and Service, 3rd Edition By James D Halderman 80 ©©2008 2009Pearson PearsonEducation, Education,Inc Inc Pearson PearsonPrentice PrenticeHall Hall- -Upper UpperSaddle SaddleRiver, River,NJ NJ07458 07458