Bài viết đánh giá xu thế biến đổi khí hậu trên khu vực Tây Nguyên thông qua nghiên cứu sự tăng lên của nhiệt độ, thay đổi về lượng mưa cũng như sự gia tăng các hiện tượng cực đoan.
N G H I N CLfu-TRflOBOI DANH GIA XU THE BIEN DOI KHi HAU TREN KHU VirC TAY NGUYEN IS HOANG OCfC Cl/fiNG, TS MAI VAN KHIEM ThS VU VAN THANG, ThS N G U Y I N DANG Ni^U V\$r\ Khoa hoc Khf tuat\q Thuy vin v^ M6\ tmo'ng Ket qui tfnh toan cho tha'y, trung hlnh cho ca vung Tdy Nguyen, khodng 50 ndm qua, nhi6t dd khOng trung binh ndm da tdng len khoang 0,60C Nhi§t dd mua khO tdng ga^n gdp dOi so vdi nhi@t dp mua mifa Lifdng mifa mua kho, mua mifa b Tay Nguyen deu co xu the'tdng, do lu'tfng mifa nam da tdng khoing % 50 ndm qua Dd'i vdi cac chi sd'cifc doan lien quan dd'n nhidt dd, h l u hd't cac chi sd'dd^u cho tha'y sir gia tdng c(ia cac hl$n tirorng cifc doan nhifng ndm qua Cac chi sd'cifc doan lidn quan dd'n lifdng mifa cung thd' hidn sif gia tdng cac hi$n tucrng cifc doan hdu dd'i vdi lifdng mifa Idn cd ve sd'ngay va lirorng Md'dau THE CLIMATE CHANGE TDEND rOD TAY NGUYEN DEGION Summary Calculation results showed, the increasing rate of annual temperature averaged over Tay Nguyen region was about Q.^K during the past 50 years In which, Ihe increasing rate ot the dry season was as nearly twice as that of the rainy season The rainfall of both rainy and dry seasons has been increasing which mainly made the annual total rainfall increase by about 10% during the past 50 years Referring to the climate extreme events calculated from dally temperature and rainfall, there were an increasing rate of most indices Especially, climate extreme indices related to the bight threshold were increasing faster On the other hand, climate extreme events referred to rainfall showed the increasing rate in terms of both the number of days and amount CONGNGHEVIETNAnr S6'20 nam 2013 Bien doi hau da va dang diln tren quy mo to^n c^u va la thach ttiufc Idn doi vdi ngUdi Bieu hien ro rang nhat cua bien d6i hau la si; tang len cua nhiet dp, thay d6i ve li/dng maa cung nhu su gia tang cac hien tadng cifc doan Trong nhQng nam gan day, da cd nhieu cong trinh nghien cufu cong bd' cac ket qua danh gia bien doi hau nt/dc noi chung va khu vac Tay Nguyen ndi rieng Tuy nhien, d mot khia canh nao dd, nhiJfng danh gia vSn chua day dCi va chUa the hi§n di/dc xu the bien ddi cDa cac hien tadng ci^c doan mdt each ro rang Nhom chuyen gia ETCCDI (Export Team on Climate Change Detection and Indices) da dapc lap bdi To chLfc Khi tadng the gidi (WIVIO) nham xay dUng cd s6 khoa hgc v6 danh gia bi§n doi hau, xay dang c^c chi s6 hau cac doan va giup de cac nadc thudc WI^O danh gia bien doi hau ETCCDI da cong bo 27 chi so cac doan hau dadc tinh toan ta so li§u cua nhi§t toi cao, toi thap va ladng maa Djnh nghTa va phadng phap tfnh to^n 27 chi so dadc cong bo t^i trang web http://etccdi.pacificclimate org/indices.shtml Hien nay, bo chi s6' da va dang dUdc sif dung bien rong rai d nhieu nadc trgn the gidi, bao cao AR4 (IPCC, 2007) va di; kien AR5 Od cung \k cac chT so hku can ban dagfc sii dung cdng tac nghien cQu cac cac trj h§u va bien doi hau d khu vac Tay Nguyen, nhif cac chi so: TX^ (nhiet dp toi cao cao nhat thang), TX^ (nhiet tdi cao thap nh^t thang), TN (nhiet dp tdi thap cao nhat thang), TN„ (nhiet dp td'i th§'p ligay tha'p nh^t thang) Viec tinh toan cac chi sd cac doan NGHieNOJU-TRflO ©61 hau d khu vac Tay Nguyen dapc daa tren cac chi so' ci,fc doan va cac khuyen cao cua ETCCDI So lieu sir dung va phumig phap nghien ciHi So li$u sCt dgng So lieu nhi§t dp trung binh thang, lapng maa th^ng cCia cac trgm ti§u bilu cho cac tinh bao gom: Kon Tum, Pleiku (Gia Lal), Budn Ivla Thudt (Dak L^k), Dak Ndng va Bao Ldc (Lam Ddng) Thdi gian cCia chuoi sd lieu thudc vao khk nang cd so' lieu cua mdi tram va mdi yeu to' tren khu vac nghien cufu giai dogn 1960-2010 Sd' lieu ddi vdi lupng maa, nhidt dd tdi cao va nhiet dp toi thap tai trgm (Pleiku, Budn Fvia Thudt, Da Lat, Ayunpa, Bao Ldc, Dak Ndng) ti§u bieu cho toan bp Tay Nguyen dupc sis dgng de tinh toan cac chi sd hau cUc doan PhUdng phip nghien cCfu Ddi vdi nhiet dp va lapng mUa thang, mua va nam: mQc dd bien ddi va xu the bidn ddi cOa cac yeu td hau nhiet dp, IUdng mua dapc danh gia thdng qua tham sd sau: a) Dp Idch tieu chuan (S): S = b) Bien suat (Sr): g '' \-Y,{x,-3^ =^*100% X lien quan den nhiet dp va lUpng maa Tuy nhien, ETCCDI cung khuyen cao, ap dung cac chi sd vao cac vung khf hau khac nhau, cac djnh nghTa (ngudng cue doan) can ph^i dupc xay dang lai cho the hien dupc tfnh cue doan tren khu vuc Khi tinh toan cho khu vUc Tay Nguyen, dUa tren cac chi sd cue doan va cac khuyen cao cua ETCCDI, cung nhu cac dac trUng hau tren khu vUc, chung tdi da lua chpn va xac djnh Igi cac ngadng cue doan cho khu vUc Tay Nguyen (bang 1, bang 2) Bing 1: danh sach cac chisd ci/c doan khf hiu lidn quan den nhiet dd dUdc tinh toan cho khu vUc Tay Nguyen STT ' ' ^ " ^ Vdi bj, va b, dupc udc tinh theo phuong phap binh phUPng tdi thieu: b, =-^ SS ngSv fiSng ndng gay g i l S6 ng^y irong nSm co Tx (nhiS cao nhSl ng^y] >3T'C rgSy SU35 ng^y n i r g ndng s a ngSiy r a m c6 T i (nrti* dOcaonh^tnqay} >3S°C ngSy TXx Man Tmax -ihiBl dp loi eao n g i / cao nhat =C TN, MaK Tmin Nhi^t DO tdi ttiflp ngUy cao °C TXn MIn Tmax TNn M l T-nir Nhiai d6 t6i cao ng^y t h i p nhal Ihann Nhtet d6 i6\ tnSo r g ^ / Ihap n h l l thdng r °C T N I Op Dfim l^nh S6 ng^y c6 Tm < pliSn vi 10% ngiy B TX10p Ngay l^nh So cd T i < phSr v( 10% ngSy ' TN90p DSm ndng S6 c6 Tm > phfln v| 90% rigSy TXSOp NgSy nong So co Tx > phSr vj 90% ngSy 10 Bing 2: danh sich cic chJsdciJc doan hau n quan den lupng mUa dUOc tinh loan cho khu vijc Tiy Nguyen Ten chi so E)|nh nghiB chi s6 STT Kl h i t u ' RXiday LUOng mua Bn nhit RXSday Luong mua Ion nhfit Lupng mua Ifln nhSt thdng Tdc dp bien ddi theo thdi gian dupc xac dinh theo phUPng phap phan ti'ch xu thd Theo phUdng phap nay, mdi quan he giQa yeu td x va thdi gian t dupc xac dinh dUdi dang phUdng trinh tuyen tinh: x, = b„ +b,t SU37 Luang mua ng^y lOn rihi\ thang QOnvj mm mm 16ng lupng mua nSm chia cho so mm/day long ndm CO lupng mua 31,0 mm ^ ' SDU Chlsficiiongddmi/a R50 S6 co lupng mua vuol S6 ngdy ndm c6 lupng mua >50 nguengSO mm/ngay ngdy S R100 SS co lupng mua uUpl SS ngdy irong ndm cii lupng mua ngueng 100 mm^gay 3100 mm ngdy ' CDD Ng^V khe h^n tijc SS lei da c6 lupng m j a phdn VI95% mm g Rggp NgSysieuam S i ngdy ndm c6 lupng mua > phan VI 99% mm ; b^=Dc — byt Ket qua va thao ludn Cac dac trang thu dacfc tC/ phacing trinh bao gom: toe xu thS': b,; goc xu the: b„; he so tUOng quan Tinh toan cac chT sd cQc doan hau: nhdm chuyen gia ETCCDI da dUara djnh nghTa vaphudng phap tfnh toan ddi vdi 27 chi sd hau ci/c doan M&c dQ va xu the'bien doi hang nam cua nhi^t dQ Mdc bien dot cua nhiet dp trung binh tren cac tfnh cua Tay Nguyen va trung binh khu vuc Tay Nguyen dapc danin gia thdng qua tham sd chuan sai (S) va bien suat (Sr %) Trung binh tren khu v\ic Tay Nguyen, vao thang I, co chuan sai cua nhiet dp trung binh la 1,1 °C, thang VII la 0,6°C va chung cho o-on - on.a TapchKHOflHM So20„an,20,3 CONGNCHEVIETNlSf ' NGHI€NCLftJ-TRfiOTOt ca nam la 0,8°C; bien suat cCia nhiet dp trung binh (Sr % ) tUdng Qng cho cac thang I, VII va ca nam lan lupt la 5,6%, 2,4% va 3,7% (b&ng 3) Ndi chung, trdn khu vuc Tay Nguyen, mQc dp bien doi cua nhidt dd trung binh, xet vd tri sd tuy$t ddi cua chuln sai hay bien suat, tUdng ddi ldn mua kho, nhd mua mUa va ca nam mQc dd bidn ddi khdng nhieu Bing 3: chuin sai (S) vi bidn suat (Sr) cua nhlet trung binh khu VI/C Tiy Nguydn Die trUng VII Nam S 1,1 5,6 0,6 0,8 2,4 3,7 Sr (%) %) (b&ng 4) Trung binh tren khu vMc TSy Nguy§n, vao mua khd, cd chuln sai oDa lupng mUa miia kh6 ' 149,9 mm, mOa mua la 354,0 mm va chung oho ck nam la 419,4 mm; bidn suat cua IUdng maa (Sr %) tUPng Qng cho cac mCia khd, mua mUa va ck nam lan lupt la 45,3%, 18,5% va 18,3% MQc dp bien ddi cCia lupng mua, xet ve tri s6 tuyet ddi c&a chuan sai hay bien suat, tQdng ddi Idn mija khd, nhd mua mua va ck nam mQc dd bidn doi khdng nhidu Bang 4: chuin sai (S) vi bien suit (Sr) cua lupng mUa khu vi/c Tiy nguydn Sac triTng Mua kho MCia maa Nam S 149,9 354,0 419,4 Xu thSbiSn dSi cua nhiet dd trung binh: tinh xu the Sr(%) 45,3 18,5 18,3 cua nhiet dp dUpc the hien thong qua dau cua he sd Xu the bien doi cua ladng mda: tinh xu the ciia tUPng quan r^, giQa nhiet dd (x) va thdi gian (t) hoac da'u cCia h§ sd b^ va toe dp xu the cua nhiet dd dupc lupng mUa dUpc the hidn thdng qua dau cua hk the hien thdng qua dp Idn hd sd b^ cua phUdng trinh sd tadng quan r^, giQa nhiet dd (x) va thdi gian (t) hoac dau cCia h i sd b,, va tdc dd xu thd cOa IQpng xu the mUa dapc thd hien thdng qua dp Idn he sd b, cQa Hlnh la, l b va 1c bilu diln xu thd bien doi cQa phadng trinh xu thd Hinh 2a, 2b va 2c bieu diln nhiet dp trung binh thang I, thang VII va trung binh xu the bien ddi cCia lapng mua mCia khd, mua mUa nam cCia khu vQc Tay Nguydn thdi ky 1960-2010 va lupng mUa nam cua khu vt/c Tay Nguy§n thdi Trong 50 nam khao sat nhiet dp trung binh mua ky 1960-2010 Trong 50 nam khko sat lUpng mUa kho, mua mua va ca nam ddu cd xu the tang vdi mua khd, mua mua va lapng maa ca nam deu cd xu tdc dp xu the lan lupt la 0,028°C/nam, 0,016°C/nam the tang vdl tdc dd xu thd l^n lupt la 5,47 mm/nam, va 0,019°C/nam Nhidt dd trung binh mua khd tang 6,36 mm/nam va 11,6 mm/nam Lupng mUa mua nhanh hdn nhiet dd trung binh mCia mua va c^ nam khd tang it hdn lupng mua mua mua va it hdn nhidu (hinhl) so vdi lupng mua ca nam (hlnh 2) iB ^^^''^v "'' "^'^f lilsiSISIiiil ! 8»,,l "'•""" ||SESS|i|8||| Hlnh 1: xu the bien doi cda nhi^t dd trung binh thing I (a), VII (b) vi trung binh nam (c) khu vt/c Tiy Nguydn Hlnh 2: xu thg bien dSi cUa IUdng mua mOa ifhd (a), tnUa mua (b) vi ludng mua nim (c) khu vuc Tiy Nguyen I i i :8B.S8S§S§|g nim MCrc d^ va xu the bien d6i hing nam cua lir^ng mi/a Mdc dd bien doi cua lupng mua mua khd (tQ thang XI ddn thang IV), mua mUa (tQ thang V ddn thang X) va ca nam tren cac tfnh cua Tay Nguyen va trung binh khu vuc Tay Nguydn dupc danh gia thdng qua tham sd chuan sai (S) va bien suat (Sr 62 TGP cH KHOAHQC So 20 nam 2013 CONG NGHE VIET N m lln™r(ntm) Xu the bien dSl cua cic chi s6 ri/c doan h$u Xu the biin doi cic hien tt/fng a/i den nhiet dd: oan lien quan TCi kSt qud tinh toan xu thS bien < ::hl so r NGHI€NCQU-TRR0£)6l Ket qua tinh toan xu thd bidn doi cac chi sd cQc trj cua nhiet dp tdi cao va tdi thap cho tha'y, nhiet dp tdi cao tuyet ddi cd xu the giam tren hau het cac tram, vdi xu the khoang -0,48C den -0,24C/10 VôôMô ,?*"'"ã*.ã,., nam Xu the tang nhe cua nhiet dp tdi cao tuyet ddi chf tdn tai d cac tram Pleiku va Budn Ma Thudt Trong dd, gia trj thap nhit cua nhiet dp td'i cao (TXn), gia tri cao nha't cua nhidt dd tdi thip (TNx) va kiL/\ nhiet dp td'i thip tuyet ddi cd xu hQdng tang ro rang cho thay, sd nang ndng (SU35) va nang nong d cac trgm Dac biet la ddi vdi nhiet dp td'i thap trdn gay gat (SU37) tang tren hlu hdt cac tram Tuy cac trgm d phia Nam khu vac Tay Nguyen cd to'c nhien, xu the tang la khong nhieu, phd bien dudi dp tang nhanh nha't Xu the bien doi cua nhiet dp td'i ngay/10 nam, nhit t^i tram Budn Ma Thudt cao va tdi thap dudi ngadng phan v| 10% (TXlOp cd xu thd tang cao nhat la 1,71 ngay/10 nam Tuy - lanh va TN10p - dem lanh): tQ kdt qua tinh nhien, xu thd giam l^i xult hien mdt sd tram nhQ toan cho thay, xu the g\km so cd TX dQdi phan Ayunpa (SU35: -1,51 ngay/10 nam) va trgm Dak vi 10% d cac tram phia Bac va tang d cac tram phia Ndng (SU35: -0,31 ngay/10 nam), dac bidt la xu thd Nam khu vQc Tay Nguyen Ddi vdi TNlOp, ket qua giam dang ke tai tr^im Ayunpa vdi xu the giSm la 3,1 tinh toan cho thly xu hudng giam dang ke d hau het ngay/10 nam (bang va hinh 3) cac tram, vdi mQc dp giam tQ den hdn ngay/10 nam Sd ndng (TXlOp) cd xu hadng tang ro rdt d hau hdt cac tram, vdi mQc dp tang khoSng Bing 5: xu thd bidn dSi cac chi sd cue doan hau lidn quan din nhiet dd (trung binh trdn 10 nim) tai mdt sd tr^m quan trie tQ den ngay/10 nam Duy nhat chi cd xu the giam tgi tram Bao Ldc, vdi mQc dp giiim khoang trdn khu vUc Tiy Nguyen 2,63 ngay/10 nam Dd'i vdi sd dem ndng (TNQOp), SUSS SU}7 TX, TX, TN, TN, TXIflp TXSOp TNIDp TN9l)p ket quS tinh toan cho thly xu hQdng tang dang ke trdn tat Cci cac tram tinh toan, vdi mQc dp tang -4,72 3,ao Pleiku 0,08 0,05 0.01 0,35 Q,22 0,31 •0,51 1,31 bien tQ de'n tren ngay/10 nam f^i:"''^^'' >"'* m l U : :>•:%! v i i , BuinMaThu^ 1.71 0.03 0.07 0.40 0,09 0,38 0,52 0,51 0,63 GaL^t 0,00 0,00 •0,32 0,13 0,10 0,34 -0,35 1,34 -2,00 1,98 Ayunpa •1,51 -3,10 -0,29 0.04 0.33 0.95 0.99 0,99 -5,44 6,78 BioLoc 0.02 0,00 •0.24 -0,23 0,29 0,64 3,4B -2,63 •4,97 5,48 OJkNong 0,04 •0,13 •0,48 •0,17 0,32 1,04 1,12 2,09 -6,19 7,66 • » • ' • » • tl • ,.> • < -la I'-s 1- \ / ^s V" ,.\ •, (^^ • • •• •• • • • 0,42 NhQ vay, cd the nhan thly rang, mac du nhiet dp td'i cao tuyet ddi cd xu hUdng gicim hoac khdng thay doi dang ke tren hau het cac tram, nhUng sd nang ndng, nang ndng gay gat, cac ngUdng cua nhidt dp tdi thap, cac ngadng nong va dem ndng tang Idn, dac biet la sd dem ndng co xu hudng tang ro ret nhit Ben canh dd, sd dem lanh va Ignh cung giam di tren hlu hdt cac tram tfnh toan Kdt q u i phu hpp vdi xu the am len toan cau va am len lanh tho Vidt Nam Ket qua cung cho thly, mQc dp khac nghiet ve ngQdng nhiet dp cao tang len nhQng nam qua Xu the bien doi cic hien tapng ct/c doan lien quan de'n Iddng mda: Tis ket qua tinh toan cho thly, lupng maa cue dgi (RXiday) tang tren da sd cac tram (Pleiku, Budn Ma Thudt, B^o Ldc), vdi mQc dp tang nhanh nhat la 12,75 mm/10 nam (Budn Ma Thudt) Tuy nhien lupng mua ci^c dai Igi giam d cac trgm Da Lgt va Ayunpa, giam mgnh nhit la -17,15 Hlnh 3: xu thd bidn ddi cCia sd ngiy ning ndng • Tmax > 3S'C mm/10 nam (Ayunpa) Ddi vdi IQpng mUa cQc dgi (ngdy/10 nim - trai) vi sd ning ndng gay gat -Tmax > 37°Ctrong lien tiep (RX5day) cung tang dang kd (ngiy/10 nim - phai) tren da sd cac tram, vdi mQc dp tang nhieu nhat la vtli \,>, r^ S6'20 nam 2013 TapcH KHOflHI CONG NGHE VIET N/ f ^ ^H NGHI6N CLfu-TRflOTOI khoang 35,46 mm/10 nam (Ayunp j va ,noang tQ 5,67 den 49,78 mm/10 nam (tgi Da Lat va Ayunpa) (bang 6) Nhu vgy, cd the thly ring nhOng nam qua xu thd tang ddi vdi cac hidn tupng cQc doan ddi vdi ngudng mua Idn tr§n khu vQc TSy Nguyen ia chu ydu Xu thd giam chi xult hien tgi mdt sd trgm nhQ Ayunpa Ketlnan 24,17 mm/10 nam tai tram Bao Ldc Xu hQdng giam cua RXSday xult hien d Ayunpa va Dak Ndng, vdi xu hadng gi^m lan iQdt la -9,89 mm/10 nam va 4,04 mm/10 nam NhQ vay, cd the thly RXiday va RXSday tang trdn hlu het cac trgm va chi gilim trgm Ayunpa va Oak Ndng Ddi vdi mUa Idn (R50) va mua rat Idn (R10D), ket qua tinh toan cung cho thly xu hudng tang tren hlu hdt cac tram Trong dd, tang nhieu nhat ia dd'i vdi R50 tai trgm Budn Ma Thupt, Bao Ldc va Dak Nong vdi mQc dp tang khoang ngay/10 nam Tuy nhien, ket qua tinh toan xu the bien ddi cua sd khd han (CDD) va sd am Qdt (CWD) cho tha'y rang, cac chi sd cd xu the giam trdn da sd cac trgm Dgc biet xu thd giam Idn hdn doi vdi CDD, vdi mQc dp giam Idn nhat khoang ngay/10 nam tgi trgm Da Lat Trong dd, xu the bien doi tai cac tram khac va xu thd bidn ddi cua CWD chf khoang tQ den ngay/10 nam Ket qua tinh toan cung cho thly, xu the bien ddi cija R95p va R99p la tang tren da sd cac trgm, vdl mQc dd tang khoang tQ 28,12 den khoing 75,62 mm/10 nam (R95p) va tang khoang 7,8 den 55,89 mm/10 nam (R99p) Xu the giam cua R9Sp Bing 6: xu the bien ddi cda cic ch! sd ct/c doan hiu lidn quan ddn lapng mUa (trung binh tren 10 nim) t^i mdt so' tram trdn khu vpc Tiy Nguyen ^"•^,0111 so MQc dp bien ddi cCia nhidt dd trung binh d Tiy Nguyen tUPng ddi Idn mUa khd, nho mua maa va ca nam mQc dd bien ddl khong nhidu Trong 50 nam qua nhidt dd trung binh mua khd, mua maa va ca nam deu cd xu the tang vdi tdc dd xu thd mua khd tang nhanh hdn nhiet dp trung binh mua mua va ca nam MQc dp bien ddi cCia lupng mua Tay Nguyen tUdng ddi ldn mua khd, nho mua mua va ca nam Trong SO nSm qua lapng mUa mua khd, mua mUa va IUdng mUack nam deu cd xu the tang vdi tdc dp tang mua mua khd it hdn lupng mua mua mua va it hPn nhidu so vdi lupng mua ca nam Xu thd gia tang cac hiSn tupng cue doan lidn quan d i n nhiet dp cao d khu vUc Tay Nguyen nhQng nam qua la tUPng ddi ro ret Hlu het cac chi sd cQc doan li§n quan ddn nhiet dp deu tang, ngoai trQ nhi^t dp tdi cao tuy§t ddi Cac hien tupng cQc doan lien quan den ngudng mua Idn ctio thly cd sQ gia tang vd lapng vk sd xult hien Dang luu y la sd khong mUa Igi cd xu hudng giam, dac biet la vung cao • Tai li$utiiani khao Nguyin Dilc NgO, chCi bien (2007): Bien d6i khf hau Nhd xuSt biin Khoa hpc vk Ky thuat Nguyin Trpng Hieu, Phgm Thi Thanh HUdng, Nguyin Manh CUcing (2009): Bten ddi h§u d Vigt Nam, Ha Noi Nguyin Van Thang va nnk (2010): Nghign cdu Snh hufing cua bien doi khf h$u d^n cac dieu kiSn ti/ nhien, tai nguySn thiSn nhien va d^ xuSt c4c giSi phdp chi^n lU(?c phong tranh, giSm nhe va thich nghi, phyc vu phdt triln b^n vQng kinh te - xk h^i fl Vigt Nam, Bao cio tdng ket de tai c^p nhi ni/dc KC 08 13/0610 RXtday RXSday R50 H100 CDD CWD R95p R»9p 0,75 6,48 0,59 0.02 -2,36 -1,27 32,79 7,84 Buon Ma ThuAl 12,75 16,46 0,8 0,19 1,46 0,17 74,85 34,8 Da Lgt -1,37 5,99 0,23 -0,02 -6,16 1,77 28,12 -5,67 WMO, No 1500 (2009): Guidelmr extremes in a changing climate in support of for adaptation Ayunpa -17,15 -9,89 -0,24 1,99 -0,94 -35,46 •49,78 http://etccdi.pacificciimate.org/indices.^ G^oLoc 7,19 24,17 0,92 0,13 0,31 -1,23 66,52 41,91 Dak Nong -8,2 -4,04 1.05 0,36 -1,68 -1,73 75,62 55,89 Pleto IPCC Climate Change (2007): Synthesis Report -0.4 « CONiNCHma - - - - - - http://www.climdex.org/ on Analysis of ' '"ned decisions ... dau cCia h i sd b,, va tdc dd xu thd cOa IQpng xu the mUa dapc thd hien thdng qua dp Idn he sd b, cQa Hlnh la, l b va 1c bilu diln xu thd bien doi cQa phadng trinh xu thd Hinh 2a, 2b va 2c bieu... kho, mua mua va ca nam ddu cd xu the tang vdi mua khd, mua mua va lapng maa ca nam deu cd xu tdc dp xu the lan lupt la 0,028°C/nam, 0,016°C/nam the tang vdl tdc dd xu thd l^n lupt la 5,47 mm/nam,... 1: xu the bien doi cda nhi^t dd trung binh thing I (a), VII (b) vi trung binh nam (c) khu vt/c Tiy Nguydn Hlnh 2: xu thg bien dSi cUa IUdng mua mOa ifhd (a), tnUa mua (b) vi ludng mua nim (c) khu