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The aim of this research is to investigate the mental well-being levels of individuals who are educated in university preparatory classes according to different variables. In the research, a descriptive screening model has been used.
Vol 7, 2020 A new decade for social changes ISSN 2668-7798 www.techniumscience.com 772668 779000 Technium Social Sciences Journal Vol 7, 214-225, May 2020 ISSN: 2668-7798 www.techniumscience.com Examination of mental well-being levels of individuals who are studying at university and who are receiving compulsory physical education according to different variables ĩnal Tỹrkỗapar1, Yavuz Yasul2 Kyrgyzstan Turkey Manas University School of Physical Education and Sports, Kyrgyzstan -Kahramanmara Sỹtỗỹ Imam University School of Physical Education and Sport, Turkey, 2Ondokuz Mayis University Vocational High School of Bafra, Samsun, Turkey turkcaparunal@hotmail.com1, yavuzyasul@gmail.com2 Abstract The aim of this research is to investigate the mental well-being levels of individuals who are educated in university preparatory classes according to different variables In the research, a descriptive screening model has been used The study group consists of male and female participants in preparatory classes at Kyrgyzstan Turkey Manas University in the 20192020 academic year To evaluate the Mental Well-Being level, "Personal Information Form" prepared by the researcher and the data of the research, "Mental Well-Being Scale", a scale original name being "Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale" -developed by Tennant and his fellows (2007) adapted to Turkish by Keldal (2015) was used Independent Samples T Test for frequency distributions, normality analyses and binary group comparisons, and one way ANOVA test for more than two group comparisons were conducted to provide descriptive information about the participants As a result, there has been no significant difference in the answers given to questions such as gender, age and division variables, number of close friends, who help you the most when you encounter a problem, which sport branch you are engaged in, who encouraged you to exercise, how long you spend on your daily workouts, and specify some of your reasons to exercise However, it has been determined that there is a meaningful difference in the answers given to the question of how long you have been playing this sport Keywords mental well-being, preparatory class, education Introduction Mental well-being is a term that dates back to Aristotle, the student of Socrates from 4th century B.C, and which discusses increasing the experiences that gives happiness, decreasing the experiences that gives sadness, covering all the times satisfied (Şahin, 2013) Mental well-being provides information about how the individual perceives himself or herself and the characteristics of his or her life (Akt: Peref et al., 2013) Ryff (1989) states that mental well-being also includes autonomy, establishing positive bonds with other individuals, self-acceptance, environmental control, life purpose and individual development According to Diener, mental well-being is expressed as a personal evaluation related to the satisfaction that 214 Technium Social Sciences Journal Vol 7, 214-225, May 2020 ISSN: 2668-7798 www.techniumscience.com the person receives from life and the positive and negative feelings in the individual This evaluation process covers the person's reactions to different cases, his / her emotional state, his / her ideas about satisfaction from life, his / her friendships in his / her work environment, his / her satisfaction from different life areas (Koyuncu, 2015) According to another definition, mental well-being refers to the person's experience and gains as a result of negative or positive feelings in spite of the results he has made With the emergence of Positive Psychology, the current psychological strength of individuals has been taken into account and the strengths of the individual's nature, instead of the weaknesses, have been examined (Şahin, 2013) This has been an important factor in the emergence and study of the concept of mental well-being Positive feelings' being more intense than negative feelings in a person's life indicates that mental well-being is better in the person's life; and it has been indicated that negative and positive feelings in the person's life are relevant with each other, yet still different and free structures (Malkoỗ, 2011) Mental well is primarily unique to the person and takes place in the person's life Besides, not the absence of negative factors, it also covers the positive measurements and mental well-being does not comprise a short evaluation of a life influence field, it covers a basic evaluation of the whole life in every aspect (Gündoğdu and Yavuzer, 2012) The concept of well-being is seen in the literature as the definition of general mental health (Diener et al., 1998) Rather than describing states without pathology as well-being, positive psychology is based on operative functions, in other words, its positive aspects (Ryan and Deci, 2001, Myers and Diener, 1995) In fact, if we look at the researches in this aspect, it can be observed that research in the aspect of positive psychology is more limited (Ryff and Singer, 1996; Akın, 2013) The concept of being good comes across as a concept that includes positive mental health, general happiness and life satisfaction (Dursun, 2012) Mental well-being can be described as a roof concept that covers all these well-being assessments Mental well-being is regarded as individual's current satisfaction of emotional, cognitive, behavioral and environmental state, the feeling of prosperity and in this context, not having a mental confusion (Sawyer et al., 2001) One of the elements of mental well-being is the state of being happy Because mental well-being is measured by the psychological and sociological activities of individuals based on the feelings of satisfaction and taste of life Activities that add positive emotions to people cause them to enjoy life and be happy In this context, sport has an important place Because people reach both physical and mental satisfaction and also reduce stress levels by doing exercises This makes them happy and be pleased with life (Şenduran, 2008) Since people have to have a strong psychological structure in dealing with the negative situations they face, it is necessary to investigate the concept of mental well-being in more detail (Önder and Gülay, 2008) Sports have a very important place in terms of social activities and it also has many benefits We can refer to these benefits as physiological, psychological and social benefits It has been found out that sports have positive contributions to developing school success as well as the individual's self-esteem, self-confidence, healthy communication, socialization and sense of belonging (Balkaya, 2005) Exercises are very important in terms of protecting both the physiological and psychological health of people All these have a positive effect on social peace (Muratlı, 1997) People who participate in sports activities show social, psychological and mental development The most important thing that will benefit the person at the point of mental wellbeing is to get support from outside the family, which is one of the most important elements 215 Technium Social Sciences Journal Vol 7, 214-225, May 2020 ISSN: 2668-7798 www.techniumscience.com that provides this benefit at this point in sports activities Sport is a very important area where individuals communicate with a large number of people and develop different bonds Sport also prevents the person from being introverted Extroverted adolescents also receive rewards for being active in this matter by engaging in many physical activities thanks to sports, increasing their level of mental well-being At the same time, since introverted adolescents experience negative emotions, while extroverted adolescents experience positive emotions, extroverted adolescents are quite advanced in terms of mental well-being (Gün, 2006) The aim of this study is to determine the mental well-being levels of the preparatory class students who study at the university and take compulsory physical education courses according to different variables Research Design The research is descriptive and in this research the mental well-being levels of all preparatory students who studied at the University and took compulsory physical education and sports courses has been examined The research is in the screening model Screening models are research approaches made on a selected sample group from the universe that includes large groups, aiming to examine a situation that exists in the past or in the present as it exists The event, individual or object that is the subject of research, is tried to be defined in its own conditions and as it exists (Karasar, 1994) Research Group The study group of this search consists of 67 male and 121 female participants in preparatory classes of all departments at Kyrgyzstan Turkey Manas University in the 20192020 academic year Data Collection Tools The “Personal Information Form” prepared by the researcher has been used to determine the demographic characteristics of the preparatory class students participating in the study This form consists of elements of gender, age, department and the number of close friends, along with the questions "Who helps you the most when you face with a problem? Which branches of sports are you occupied in? How long have you been occupied with this sport? Who encouraged you to this sport? How much time you spare time for this sport? What are your reasons to exercise?" etc To evaluate the mental well-being levels of individuals, "Personal Information Form" prepared by the researcher and the data of the research, "Mental Well-Being Scale", a scale original name being "Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale"-developed by Tennant and his fellows (2007) and adapted to Turkish by Keldal (2015) was used The Mental WellBeing Scale consists of 14 positive substances and has an answer key of Likert type From the scale, the lowest score that can be taken is 14, and the highest is 70 High scores on the scale indicate high mental (psychological) well-being To measure the reliability of the scale, Cronbach Alpha internal consistency coefficient and compound reliability have been examined As a result of the explanatory factor analysis, it has been observed that the scale explained a large part of the total variance When compared with the original form of the scale and the adaptation of the scale to Turkey samples (Cronbach Alpha =.92), validity and reliability values have been seen to be high 216 Technium Social Sciences Journal Vol 7, 214-225, May 2020 ISSN: 2668-7798 www.techniumscience.com Analysis of the data Frequency distributions have been made to provide descriptive information about the individuals involved in the study Normality analyses have been performed to determine whether the data obtained showed a normal distribution Independent Samples T Test has been used for binary group comparisons and One Way Anova test was used for group comparisons of more than two The results Table Analysis results by gender variable of the research group Mean Gender N SD t* Ranks Male 67 56.4925 7.25796 1.162 Female 121 55.1901 7.41767 p>0,05; * Independent sample t test p 247 In Table 1, there is no statistically significant difference in mental well-being score averages according to the gender variable of the research group Table Analysis results by age variable of the research group Age N 17 71 18 98 19 19 p>0,05; *One-Way Anova Mean Ranks 54.9437 56.2449 55.2632 SD 7.12919 7.62262 7.01460 F* p 669 513 In Table 2, there is no statistically significant difference in mental well-being score averages compared to the age variable of the research group Table Analysis results by the research group's number of close friends (C.F) variable The Number of N Mean Ranks SD F* p C.F 1-3 95 54.9255 7.16058 1.838 177 4-6 93 56.3871 7.57862 p>0,05; *One-Way Anova In Table 3, there is no statistically significant difference in mental well-being score averages according to the answers given to the question of the number of close friends of the research group Table Analysis results by department variable of research group Department N Mean Ranks SD F* 217 p Technium Social Sciences Journal Vol 7, 214-225, May 2020 ISSN: 2668-7798 www.techniumscience.com TranslationInterpreting Studies 30 International Relations 12 Preparatory 10 Accounting 28 Russian Literature 13 Chinese Literature Sociology 11 Office Management 17 Tourism 19 Gastronomy 14 Sport 26 p>0,05; *One-Way Anova 55.4333 8.52050 52.9167 56.5000 55.7143 56.1538 58.6250 52.0909 54.8235 58.8947 58.6429 53.6923 7.82140 11.24722 6.15754 5.72780 4.98390 5.28118 6.70108 6.57347 5.58304 8.28381 1.409 180 In Table 4, there is no statistically significant difference in mental well-being score averages according to the department variable of the research group Table Analysis results of the research group based on the variable time devoted to your daily training Duration of N Mean Ranks SD F* p Daily Trn Hour 136 55.3088 7.45904 Hours 41 56.0732 7.04056 959 385 Hours 11 58.3636 7.44678 p>0,05; *One-Way Anova In Table 5, there is no statistically significant difference in mental well-being score averages according to the daily time allocated for training variable of the research group Table Analysis results by the research group's variable of "Who encouraged you to exercise?" Encouragement N Family 52 Teacher 43 Friend 83 Relative 10 p>0,05; *One-Way Anova Mean Ranks SD F* p 56.5577 54.0930 55.6747 57.5000 6.85255 7.83099 7.35528 7.91974 1.116 334 In Table 6, there is no statistically significant difference in mental well-being score averages when looking at the answers to the question of "Who encouraged you to exercise?" asked by the research group Table Analysis results of the research group on the question "Who helped you when you encountered a problem?" WHY** N Mean Ranks SD F* p 218 Technium Social Sciences Journal Vol 7, 214-225, May 2020 ISSN: 2668-7798 www.techniumscience.com Family 96 54.8438 Mother 37 56.2162 Father 42 57.0952 Relative 13 55.3846 p>0,05; *One-Way Anova, ** Who helped you 8.28992 5.31839 6.59937 7.39976 1.000 334 In Table 7, there is no statistically significant difference in mental well-being score averages according to the answers given to the question of "Who helped you the most when you needed help?" Table Analysis results of research group's exercising Mean Reason of Exercising N SD F* p Ranks For Being Healthy 151 55.5166 7.44657 Because I love the competition 58.3333 4.45720 289 834 Because my bodybuild is fit 27 55.7407 6.68864 Because I want to be a professional 56.2500 13.22561 p>0,05; *One-Way Anova In Table 8, there is no statistically significant difference in mental well-being score averages according to the answers given to the question of "What are the reasons for you to exercise?" Table Analysis results of the research group to the question of "Which branch of sports are you engaged in?" Which branch of sports are N Mean Ranks SD F* p you engaged in? Basketball 38 55.9737 6.42414 Football 37 56.4324 7.65775 Swimming 21 55.0000 7.60263 1.795 132 Volleyball 37 57.7027 6.38951 Other 55 53.7818 8.05695 p>0,05; *One-Way Anova In Table 9, there is no statistically significant difference in mental well-being score averages according to the answers given to the question "Which branch of sports are you engaged in?" Table 10 Analysis results of the research group to the variable of "How long have you been engaged in this sport?" How long have you been Mean N SD F* p LSD engaged in this sport? Ranks 1-6a 91 54.2637 6.69799 7-12b 24 58.9167 7.31239 c 13-18 11 55.4545 7.27136 19-24d 11 60.3636 6.36039 2.270 031 d>b,a,f e 25-35 20 55.8000 7.21548 b>f 36-48f 10 53.2000 8.48266 219 Technium Social Sciences Journal Vol 7, 214-225, May 2020 ISSN: 2668-7798 www.techniumscience.com 49-59g 60+j p