CÁC yếu tố TÁC ĐỘNG đến kết QUẢ XUẤT KHẨU CỦA CÁC DOANH NGHIỆP RAU QUẢ TẠI VIỆT NAM tt tiếng anh

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING LAC HONG UNIVERSITY NGUYỄN ĐỨC THUẬN FACTORS AFFECTING THE EXPORT RESULTS OF FRUITS AND VEGETABLES ENTERPRISES IN VIETNAM SUMMARY OF DOCTORAL THESIS IN BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION Dong Nai, 2020 The thesis was completed at Lac Hong University Science instructors: Dr Tran Anh Minh Dr Nguyen Van Nam Reviewer 1: Reviewer 2: Reviewer 3: The thesis will be defended in front of the Judging Council at Lac Hong University at:……………date………….month………………2020 The thesis can be found at: Library of Lac Hong University CHAPTER PREFACE INTRODUCTION In this chapter, the author gives the preface of the thesis, including: practical research context, theoretical context; research objectives and questions, research subject and scope, research methods including qualitative and quantitative research, academic and practical contributions of the thesis and the structure of the thesis 1.1 RESEARCH CONTEXT 1.1.1 Practical research context Vietnam is at the threshold of economic integration, which is both an opportunity and a challenge for our country, various economic issues are directly affected as Vietnam's import-export As a developing country, Vietnam is still a trade deficit one Joining trade organizations, signing bilateral and multilateral trade agreements has created many opportunities for Vietnam to promote its strengths, remove restrictions on export market and created a new trade environment The growth of export and its contribution to economic development in recent years is an example which shows that Vietnam has effectively taken the advantages of these opportunities The average growth rate of annual export turnover in the period of 2010 2017 is high In 2010, Vietnam's export scale was only US $ 72.23 billion, ranked out of 10 ASEAN countries (be ranked behind Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, Brunei, Myanmar) with an export value of about 62.31% of GDP, by the end of 2017, this scale reached US $ 214.32 billion in 2017 (an increase of 2.97 times) and became the fourth highest commodity export country in ASEAN (be ranked behind Thailand, Maylaysia, and Singapore) with an export value of about 95.77% of GDP Among the current exports, Coffee, Cashew, Fruits and Vegetables is one of the main export commodities of Vietnam The year of 2017 was a turning point for vegetables industry of Vietnam when export turnover reached US $ 3.5 billion and surpassed rice and coffee to become the second major export item in agricultural, forestry and aquatic products of Vietnam (be ranked behind the cashew product) However, besides the achievements of the current export turnover, Vietnamese exporters in general and fruits and vegetables exporters in particular are also facing a lot of difficulties while the role of Vietnam Vegetables Association is still tepid, capital and business size are limited, management capacity of leaders of enterprises is weak, they have not known much about foreign markets, and there has been no appropriate export marketing strategy In addition, technical barriers and trade protection from importing countries have increased, strong competition pressure due to market openness (especially when Vietnam is an official member of the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP), it will greatly affect the export activities of enterprises in general and fruits and vegetables enterprises in particular Especially, in the globalization process, competition is getting more and more, and enterprises that want to be successful need to identify the factors affecting export results in order to have a suitable direction (Ayan & Percin, 2005) Meanwhile, there is very little research on the export activities of enterprises in emerging markets (Leonidou et al., 2002) Therefore, it is necessary to have a research to help policy makers get a general picture of fruit and vegetable export results through: (1) Literature review of export results; and (2) Quantification of the factors affecting the export results of fruits and vegetables enterprises in the current period; and (3) The necessary implications to promote export activities for enterprises 1.1 Theoretical research context When conducting research on export results, scientists approach in two directions: (i) micro perspective, enterprise perspective by quantitative method through survey of exporting enterprises using primary data (Peter and Ramadhani, 1998; Katsikeas et al, 1995; Craig, 2003; Tuba and Selcuk, 2005; Miltiadis et al, 2008; Seyed, 2012; Salem, 2014; Tran Thanh Long et al, 2014; Bui Thanh Trang and Le Tan Buu, 2015), or (ii) approach at macro perspective, economy perspective by quantitative method using Gravity model through the criteria of the economy using secondary data (Nguyen Quynh Huy, 2018; Tran Nhuan Kien and Ngo Thi My, 2015; Drama et al., 2014; Hatab et al., 2010) However, the researches are mainly conducted in developed countries that have many differences in the level of economic and cultural development compared to Vietnam From the practical and theoretical issues mentioned above, an empirical research is needed to identify and quantify the factors affecting the export results of fruits and vegetables exporting companies in Vietnam On that basis, several research implications are proposed to promote exporting activities of fruits and vegetables in particular and Vietnam's agricultural products in general Therefore, the author chose the thesis: "Factors affecting the export results of fruits and vegetables enterprises in Vietnam" as the topic of doctoral thesis of economics majoring in business administration 1.2 RESEARCH OBJECTIVES AND QUESTIONS 1.2.1 Objectives of thesis Overall objectives The overall objectives of the thesis are to identify and quantify the factors affecting export results of fruits and vegetables exporting enterprises of Vietnam On that basis, several management suggestions are proposed to improve the fruits and vegetables export results of enterprises of Vietnam Mục tiêu cụ thể/ Specific objectives To achieve the overall objectives above, the thesis has 03 specific objectives as follows: Identify factors affecting export results of Vietnam's fruits and vegetables exporting enterprises; Measure the relationship between export results and factors affecting export results of fruits and vegetables enterprises; Propose several management suggestions to improve export results of fruits and vegetables enterprises 1.2.2 Research questions From the research objectives above, the thesis needs to answer the following questions: What are the factors that affect the export results of Vietnam's fruits and vegetables exporting enterprises? How is the relationship between export results and factors affecting export results of fruitss and vegetables exporting enterprises? What are the basic and necessary administrative implications for improving the export results of Vietnam's fruits and vegetables exporting enterprises? 1.3 RESEARCH SUBJECT AND SCOPE OF THE THESIS 1.3.1 Research subject The research subject of the thesis is the export results of Vietnam's fruits and vegetables exporting enterprises Surveyed subjects: heads/ deputy heads of departments or higher levels in fruits and vegetables exporting enterprises in Ho Chi Minh City and the Mekong Delta 1.3.2 Research scope of the thesis The research of thesis was implemented in the following scope: Theoretical approach: Export results can be approached in three ways (Katsikeas et al., 2000; Altıntas et al., 2007): (1) Economic/Financial perspective (Economic/ Financial), (2) Nonfinancial/ Noneconomic perspective (Nonfinancial/ Noneconomic), and (3) Generic perspective (Generic) In the research, the author measured the export results based on a generic perspective approach Spatial approach In the thesis, fruits and vegetables exporting enterprises in Ho Chi Minh City and the Mekong Delta were surveyed Góc tiếp cận mặt thời gian/ Time approach Qualitative and quantitative researches were conducted in the period from 04/2016 to 04/2017 1.4 RESEARCH METHODS 1.4.1 Methodology: Qualitative research was conducted through 02 focus group discussions with fruits and vegetables exporting enterprises for establishment of model and adjust the observed variables Quantitative research was conducted through direct interviews with the surveyed subjects to carry out testing of model and research hypotheses 1.4.2 Về phương pháp công cụ xử lý thông tin (Method/Tools): (1) Method of secondary data collection: Secondary data were collected through the Statistical Yearbook of the General Statistics Office, World Bank over the years of 2017, 2016, 2015, 2014, 2013, 2012, 2011 and 2010 (2) Method of primary data collection: Group discussion: the author conducted a focus group discussions with the subjects to re-identify the factors affecting the export results of fruits and vegetables exporting enterprises; and adjusted the observed variables which were to be used to measure research concepts; Investigation and survey: the author conducted investigations and surveys two times: (i) the first time: conducting direct interviews with 100 respondents who were the surveyed subjects through the detailed questionnaire by the convenience sampling method to adjust and re-identify the scale structure; (ii) the second time: conducting direct interviews with 300 respondents who were the surveyed subjects to test the models and research hypotheses (3) Tools for data process and testing of research model: The data is encrypted and cleaned by SPSS 20.0 software to evaluate the scale using the Reliability Analysis through Cronbach's Alpha coefficient, Exploratary Factor Analysis EFA, Confirmatory Factor Analysis CFA and Structural Equation Modeling SEM were used to test the model and the research hypotheses through SPSS 20.0 software 1.5 CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE THESIS Academic and practical contributions of the thesis are as follows: 1.5.1 Academic contributions: Firstly, the research results of the thesis have proved that: the export results of fruits and vegetables enterprises are directly affected by: (1) Export marketing strategy; (2) Characteristics of vegetables industry; (3) Characteristics and capabilities companies; (4) Foreign market characteristics; (5) Management characteristics; (6) Domestic market characteristics Secondly, the research results of the thesis have added the scale system of export results and factors affecting the export results of fruits and vegetables exporting enterprises to the theoretical scale system 1.5.2 Practical contributions: Firstly, the research results help managers of fruits and vegetables exporting enterprises, policy makers, and researchers have a comprehensive picture of the factors affecting the export results of fruits and vegetables enterprises On that basis, there are appropriate policies to promote export activities of enterprises Secondly, the thesis is a reference source on the overall approach for researchers, policy makers, business managers who are interested in the export sector in general and fruits and vegetables export in particular 1.6 STRUCTURE OF THE THESIS The thesis consisting of 05 chapters is presented in the following order: Chapter 1: Preface Chapter 2: Literature review and research model Chapter 3: Research design Chapter 4: Research results Chapter 5: Conclusions and implications SUMMARY OF CHAPTER Chapter presented an overview, or an overall picture, of the thesis of the author from the research context, identification of the research objectives and questions, research subject and scope, research methods to be used to the contributions of the thesis CHAPTER LITERATURE REVIEW AND RESEARCH MODEL INTRODUCTION In this chapter, the author presented the export theory On that basis, the author proposed models and research hypotheses for fruits and vegetables export cases in Vietnam market 2.1 BACKGROUND THEORY OF EXPORT 2.1.1 Absolute advantage theory of Adam Smith 2.1.2 Comparative advantage theory of David Ricardo 2.1.3 Heckscher – Ohlin theory 2.1.4 Competitive advantage theory of Michael Porter 2.1.5 New institutionalism theory 2.1.6 Resource theory 2.1.7 Industrial organization theory 2.1.8 Social network theory 2.2 THEORY OF EXPORT RESULTS 2.2.1 Concept of export results An enterprise when exporting goods to a foreign country needs to conduct a series of activities: market research, assessment of export capacity of enterprise, identifying products, demand and customers’ liking in the target market, finding funding, organizing export activities, etc After a deal, or a certain period of time the achievements of an enterprise will be reflected through the export results Therefore, it can be said that the export results of an enterprise are multidimensional picture of the successes and failures of an enterprise when exporting products to foreign market 2.2.2 Measurement method In this research, the author measured the export results based on an overall approach (consistent with the research of Katsikeas et al, 2000; Altintas et al, 2007; Nguyen Viet Bang et al (2017) 2.2.3 Theoretical models on factors affecting export resutls Model of author Madsen (1987) Model of Aaby and Slater (1989) Model of Gemünden (1991) Model of Gemünden (1998) Model of Katsikeas et al (2000) Model of Leonidou et al (2002) Model of Sousa et al (2008) Model of Moghaddam et al (2012) Model of Chen et al (2016) 2.3 OVERVIEW OF EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCHES ON EXPORT RESULTS 2.3.1 International researches Research of authors Peter and Ramadhani (1998) Research of author Katsikeas et al (1995) Research of Craig (2003) Research of Tuba and Selcuk (2005) Research of author Boughanmi et al (2007) Research of Miltiadis et al (2008) Research of Seyed (2012) Research of authors Adu-Gyamfi and Korneliussen (2013) Research of Drama et al (2014) Research of Salem (2014) Research of authors Edril Özdemir (2016) 2.3.2 Domestic researches Research of Tran Thanh Long et al (2014) Research of Bui Thanh Trang and Le Tan Buu (2015) Research of author Nguyen Viet Bang et al (2017) Research of author Nguyen Quynh Huy (2018) General assessment An overview of experimental researches on export results of domestic and foreign scientists showed that scientists mainly use quantitative research approach at the perspective of enterprises through export surveys However, the researches 10 The model and research hypotheses are presented as Figure 2.10 Characteristics and capabilities of enterprise Export marketing strategy Characteristics of vegetables industry Management characteristics Foreign market characteristics Export results Domestic market characteristics Trade association Figure 2.10: Proposed research model SUMMARY OF CHAPTER Chapter presented the theoretical basis of export, including: background theory of export, review of theoretical models on factors affecting export results, overview of relevant studies of domestic and foreign scientists on export results On that basis, the thesis proposed research models and hypotheses for the case study of export results of fruits and vegetables enterprises in Vietnam 11 CHAPTER RESEARCH DESIGN INTRODUCTION In this chapter 3, the author presents the used research design to evaluate scales, test models and research hypotheses including: the entire process, research implementation schedule, qualitative and preliminary quantitative research results 3.1 RESEARCH PROCESS 3.1.1 Introduction to the research program The research process of the thesis is implemented through 03 steps including: (1) Qualitative research - Research the theory of preliminary design of scales (2) Quantitative research - preliminary research (3) Quantitative research - official research Collected data is processed using SPSS 20.0 software 3.1.2 Research process Through the arguments about the factors affecting the results of fruit and vegetable businesses, the study interprets the research process through three specific steps as follows: Step 1: Qualitative research Step 2: Preliminary quantitative research Step 3: Official research The official study was conducted by quantitative methods through direct interviews with 300 respondents who were the subjects surveyed through the official questionnaire (official scale) according to the convenient sampling method from January 2017 to April 2017 12 Step 1: Foreign market characteristics Export marketing Export Domestic strategy results characteristics market Trade association Step 2: Mơ hình thang Characteristics of vegetables industry Characteristi cs đo nháp and capabilities Cơ sở lý thuyết of enterprise Mô hình điều chỉnh Thảo luận nhóm Step 3: tập trung lần Vấn đề nguyên cứu Cronbach’s Thang đo nháp Alpha Kiểm tra hệ số Cronbach’s Alpha; Định Kiểm tra tương quan biến tổng lượng sơ (n=100) Kiểm tra hệ số KMO; tính tương quan EFA biến quan sát; trọng số EFA phương sai trích Thang đo thức Định lượng thức (n=300) Kiểm tra hệ số Cronbach’s Alpha; Kiểm tra tương quan biến tổng (Source: author's construction) Diagram 3.1 Research process 13 3.2 QUALITATIVE RESEARCH Qualitative research was conducted through focus group discussions with the survey subjects 3.2.1 First qualitative research 3.2.1.1 First qualitative research design 3.2.1.2 Results of the first qualitative research:  10/10 corporate managers agreed that export results were affected by: export marketing strategy, company characteristics and capabilities, industry characteristics, management characteristics, foreign market characteristics, domestic market characteristics such as the model of Chen et al (2016)  8/10 business executives believe that export results are influenced by a factor outside Chen and et al (2016) that is the role of the Association and it is also agreed that the role of the Association has the effect of promoting export activities of enterprises 3.2.2 Second qualitative research 3.2.2.1 Design of second qualitative research 3.2.2.2 Results of the second qualitative research: The results of the discussion also showed that the managers agreed to adjust the words to suit the reality of the fruit and vegetable industry in Vietnam Specifically: 36 observed variables (statements) used to measure the concept of export results and factors affecting export results have been formed 3.3 PRELIMINARY QUANTITY RESEARCH 3.3.1 Design of preliminary quantitative research: 3.3.2 Results of the preliminary quantitative research results: 3.3.2.1 The scale of Export results 3.3.3.2 Export Marketing Strategy Scale 3.3.3.3 Characteristics and capacity of enterprise management scale 3.3.3.4 Industry Scale 3.3.3.5 Management characteristics Scale 3.3.3.6 Domestic Market Scale 14 3.3.3.7 Foreign Market Scale 3.3.3.8 The role of association Scale 3.3.3.9 As for Exploratary Factor Analysis results 3.4 OFFICIAL QUANTITY RESEARCH The official study was conducted by quantitative methods and designed as follows: 3.4.1 Survey subjects The author conducted direct interviews with the survey subjects of fruit and vegetable exporting enterprises in Ho Chi Minh City and the Mekong Delta 3.4.2 Research sample and sampling method Due to time and budget limitations when conducting the research, the author followed the convenient sampling method through direct interviews with the survey subjects with official questionnaires 3.4.3 Data processing technology Data collected from the survey subjects were assessed by reliability analysis method through Cronbach's Alpha coefficient, EFA analysis method, CFA analysis method and SEM linear structure model are used to test the model and research hypotheses SUMMARY OF CHAPTER This chapter presents the research design used to evaluate scales, test models and research hypotheses The research process is carried out in 03 steps including qualitative and quantitative research 15 CHAPTER RESEARCH RESULTS INTRODUCTION In this chapter 4, the author presents the results of assessing the scale; model test results and research hypotheses First, the author conducted the assessment of the scale by the reliability analysis method through Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient and EFA analysis method Satisfactory scales will continue to be evaluated by CFA analysis Finally, SEM linear structure model is used to test the model and research hypotheses 4.1 OFFICIAL FORM OF RESEARCH The official research sample was selected by the convenient method by direct interviews with the survey subjects through detailed questionnaires Specifically: 4.1.1 Survey subjects: The author conducted direct interviews with the survey subjects that are fruit and vegetable exporters in the Mekong Delta 4.1.2 Research sample and sampling method: The author conducts convenient sampling by direct interview technique through detailed questionnaire for 300 enterprises 4.2 RESULTS OF STATISTICS DESCRIPTION OFFICIAL SAMPLES OF THE RESEARCH Regarding type of enterprise: Among 287 valid responses, there are 143 votes being limited companies (accounting for 49.8%), 75 votes are private enterprises (accounting for 26.1%) and 69 votes are other enterprises (accounting for 24%) Regarding firm size: Among 287 valid responses, 114 were small businesses (accounting for 39.7%), 130 were medium enterprises (accounting for 45.3%) and 43 were other businesses (accounting for 15%) 4.3 RESULTS OF RELIABILITY ANALYSIS OF THE SCALES 4.3.1 Export result Scale 4.3.2 Export marketing strategy Scale 4.3.3 Characteristics and enterprise management capacity Scale 4.3.4 Industry Scale 16 4.3.5 Management characteristics Scale 4.3.6 Market for domestic markets Scale 4.3.7 Overseas market Scale 4.3.8 The role of association Scale Conclusion: Among 34 observed variables used to measure 08 research concepts, only the HH5 variable was excluded (because there was a correlation coefficient the sum is less than 0.3) Therefore, all 33 observed variables are all used in the exploratory factor analysis in the next section 4.4 RESULTS OF DISCOVERING FACTORS Conclusion: 33 observed variables used to measure the concept of export results and the factors affecting export results all meet the conditions in EFA analysis, 4.5 RESULTS OF STATUS FACTORS Regarding the results of testing the general reliability and extracted variance Regarding the results of testing the value of distinguishing between, unidirectional, convergent values of research concepts The testing results are shown in Figure 4.9; show that the model has Chi2 value=532,469; df=467; Cmin / df=1,140 with p=0,01 (