Bốn cấu trúc so…that, such…that, enough…to, too…to là những cấu trúc rất thông dụng trong tiếng Anh nhằm nhấn mạnh tính chất của sự vật, hiện tượng dẫn đến một kết quả được đề cập. I. Cấu trúc so….that…. (quá ... đến nỗi...) 1. Dùng với tính từ S + be+ so + adj + that + S + V Ví dụ: It was so dark that I couldn’t see anything. (Trời quá tối đến nỗi tôi không thể nhìn thấy bất kỳ thứ gì.) Ngoài ra: đối với động từ chỉ tri giác như seem, look, sound, feel,…thì ta cũng áp dụng như công thức với “be”
Trang 1CẤU TRÚC TOO, ENOUGH, SO …THAT, SUCH… THAT Bốn cấu trúc so…that, such…that, enough…to, too…to là những cấu trúc rất thông dụng trong
tiếng Anh nhằm nhấn mạnh tính chất của sự vật, hiện tượng dẫn đến một kết quả được đề cập Trong bài viết này, Kienthuctienganh xin phép được giới thiệu những công thức liên quan đến 4 cấu trúc trên Hi vọng bạn đọc sẽ nhận được nhiều điều bổ ích
I Cấu trúc so….that… (quá đến nỗi )
1 Dùng với tính từ
S + be+ so + adj + that + S + V
Ví dụ:
It was so dark that I couldn’t see anything (Trời quá tối đến nỗi tôi không thể nhìn thấy bất kỳ thứ gì.)
Ngoài ra: đối với động từ chỉ tri giác như seem, look, sound, feel,…thì ta cũng áp dụng như
công thức với “be”
Ví dụ:
I felt so tired that I decided to see a doctor (Tôi cảm thấy quá mệt đến nỗi tôi đã quyết định đi gặp bác sĩ.)
2 Dùng với trạng từ
S + V + so + adv + that + S + V
Ví dụ:
The student had behaved so badly that he was dismissed from the class (Cậu học sinh kia đã cư
xử quá vô lễ đến nỗi cậu ta đã bị đuổi khỏi lớp.)
3 Dùng với danh từ số nhiều đếm được
S + V+ so many/ few + plural/ countable noun + that + S + V
Ví dụ:
The Smiths had so many children that they formed their own basketball team (Gia đình nhà Smith đã có quá nhiều con đến nỗi họ đã thành lập một đội bóng rổ.)
4 Dùng với danh từ không đếm được
S + V + so much/ little + uncountable noun + that + S + V
Ví dụ:
He had so much money that he didn’t know what to do with it (Anh ta có quá nhiều tiền đến nỗi anh ấy không biết làm gì với nó.)
5 Dùng với danh từ đếm được số ít
S + V + so + adj + a/ an + singular noun + that + S + V
Ví dụ:
It was so disappointing a result that we didn’t accept (Đó là một kết quả quá thất vọng đến nỗi chúng tôi không thể chấp nhận được.)
II Cấu trúc such…that… (quá đến nỗi )
S + V + such + (a/an) + adj + noun + that + S + V
Trang 2Ví dụ:
He is such a popular man that everyone knows him (Anh ta quá nổi tiếng đến nỗi mọi người đều biết anh ấy.)
Lưu ý: Cấu trúc so…that cũng có ý nghĩa tương tự such…that nên ta cũng có thể đổi câu ví dụ trên thành:
He is so popular that everyone knows him
III Cấu trúc too…to (quá đến nỗi không thể )
1 Dùng với tính từ
S + be + too + adj + (for O) + to_V
Ví dụ:
He is too short to play basketball (Anh ta quá thấp đến nỗi không thể chơi bóng rổ.)
2 Dùng với trạng từ
S + V + too + adv + (for O) + to_V
Ví dụ:
They spoke too quickly for me to understand (Họ đã nói quá nhanh đến nỗi tôi không thể hiểu được.)
IV Cấu trúc enough to (đủ….để làm gì…)
1 Dùng với tính từ
S + be + adj + enough + (for O) + to_V
Ví dụ:
He isn’t tall enough to play basketball (Anh ta không đủ cao để chơi bóng rổ.)
2 Dùng với trạng từ
S + V + adv + enough + (for O) + to_V
Ví dụ:
They spoke slowly enough for me to understand (Họ đã nói đủ chậm để tôi có thể hiểu được.)
3 Dùng với danh từ
S + V + enough + noun + (for O) + to_V
Ví dụ:
I have enough time to do this exercise (Tôi có đủ thời gian để làm bài tập này.)
V Các lưu ý khi làm bài tập về 4 dạng cấu trúc trên
S1 + V1 + so + adj + that + S2 + V2 + O2
Nếu S1 là vật mà O2 nhắc lại vật đó và dùng với từ “it”:
• Trong cấu trúc: So/ such … that, ta giữ lại từ “it”
• Trong cấu trúc: Too … to; enough … to ta bỏ từ “it”.
Ví dụ:
The water was so cold that the children couldn’t swim in it
Trang 3→ It was such cold water that the children couldn’t swim in it.
→ The water was too cold for the children to swim in
→ The water is not warm enough for the children to swim in
VI Bài tập
Exercise 1: Use SO or SUCH, TOO, ENOUGH:
1 The sun shone _ brightly that she had to put on her glasses
2 There were _ few students registered that the class was cancelled
3 We had _ wonderful memories of that place that we decided to return
4 It was a nice day that we decided to go to the beach
5 The book looked _ interesting that we decided to read it
6 Ray called at _ an early hour that we weren’t wake yet
7 There were many people on the bus that we decided to walk
8 The benefit was _ great a success that the promoters decided to repeat it
9 I’ m not rich _to help you
10 This room is _ dark for us to study
Exercise 2: Rewrite the following sentences as directed:
1 It was such an expensive house that nobody can buy it
→ The house was so
2 The food was so good that we ate all of it
→ It was
3 The patient was too weak to get up
→ The patient was so
4 This room is too dark for me to study
→ This room is so
5 This room is too small for us to take the meeting
→ This room isn’t _
6 The test was so difficult that we couldn’t do it
→ The test was not
7 The map is so old that I couldn’t read it
→ The map is too _
8 He spoke so fast that we couldn’t hear him well
→ He didn’t
Exercise 3: Combine these pairs of sentences using "so…… that":
1 That woman was very tall She could almost touch the ceiling
2 This coat is very big I can't wear it
3 The coffee was so strong She couldn't go to sleep
4 That bag was very heavy None of us could carry it
5 The stadium is very large It can hold 60,000 people
6 Those lessons are very difficult He can't understand them
7 She was very busy She couldn't do the housework
8 The climate was very bad All the plants couldn't grow well
9 I'm very tired I couldn't keep my eyes open
Trang 410 That boy is very lazy He never does his homework
Exercise 4: Combine these pairs of sentences using "too to":
1 The bag was very heavy She couldn't carry it
2 He is very old He can't run
3 She is very young She can't go to school
4 Tom is very short He can't play volleyball
5 It's very late We can't go to the movies
6 The question was very hard We couldn't answer it
7 The TV program is very exciting The children won't miss it
8 You're very young You can't drive that car
9 She was tired She didn't go anywhere
10 These shoes are very small I can't wear them
Exercise 5: Combine these pairs of sentences using "such that" :
1 Tom was a tall man He could almost touch the ceiling
2 Mary is a good swimmer She has won two gold medals
3 He drank strong coffee He couldn't go to sleep
4 It was a long walk The children got tired
5 He told interesting stories They all like him
6 The boy made rapid progress It surprised everybody
7 He had a difficult exercise He couldn't do it
8 The speaker gave a long talk Most of the audience felt sleepy
9 We watched an exciting competition We didn't want to go home
10 It was an excellent show We all enjoyed it
Exercise 6: Rewrite the sentences using "enough" instead of "too to":
1 He is too old to wear this colored shirt
2 She is too weak to carry this box
3 This pen is too expensive for me to buy
Trang 54 Bill was too stupid to understand what I had said
5 This bag is too heavy for her to carry
6 The test was too difficult for them to do
7 I'm too poor to help you with the money
8 This book is too dull to read
9 The room is too dark for us to study
10 The shelf is too high for her to reach
Trang 6
Exercise 2: Rewrite the following sentences as directed:
1 The house was so expensive that nobody can buy
2 It was such good food that we ate all of
3 The patient was so weak that he couldn’t get up
4 This room is so dark that I can’t study
5 This room isn’t large enough for us to take the meeting
6 The test was not easy enough for us to do
7 The map is too young for me to read
8 He didn’t speak slowly enough for us to hear well
Exercise 3: Combine these pairs of sentences using "so… that":
1 That woman was so tall that she could almost touch the ceiling
2 This coat is so big that I can't wear
3 The coffee was so strong that she couldn't go to sleep
4 That bag was so heavy that none of us could caryfn
5 The stadium is so large that it can hold 60,000 people
6 Those lessons are so difficult that he can't understand
7 She was so busy that she couldn't do the housework
8 The climate was so bad that all the plants couldn't grow well
9 I'm so tired that I couldn't keep my eyes open
10 That boy is so lazy that he never does his homework
Exercise 4: Combine these pairs of sentences using "too to":
1 The bag was too heavy for her to carry
2 He is too old to run
3 She is too young to go to school
4 Tom is too short to play volleyball
5 It's too late to go to the movies
6 The question was too hard for us to answer
7 The TV program is too exciting for children to miss
8 You're too young to drive that car
9 She was too tired to go anywhere
10 These shoes are too small to wear
Exercise 5: Combine these pairs of sentences using "such that":
1 Tom was such a tall man that he could almost touch the ceiling
2 Mary is such a good swimmer that she has won two gold medals
3 He drank such strong coffee that he couldn't go to sleep
4 It was such a long walk that the children got tired
5 He told such interesting stories that they all like him
6 The boy made such rapid progress that it surprised everybody
7 He had such a difficult exercise that he couldn't do it
8 The speaker gave such a long talk that most of the audience felt sleepy
9 We watched such an exciting competition that we didn't want to go home
10 It was such an excellent show that we all enjoyed it
Exercise 6: Rewrite the sentences using "enough" instead of "too to":
1 He isn’t young enough to wear this colored shirt.2 She isn’t strong enough to carry this box
3 This pen isn’t cheap enough for me to buy
4 Bill wasn’t intelligent enough to understand what I had said
5 This bag isn’t light enough for her to carry.6 The test wasn’t easy enough for them to do
7 I’m not rich enough to help you with the money.8 This isn’t interesting enough to read
9 The room isn’t bright enough for us to study
10 The shelf isn’t short enough for her to reach