Bài tập cuối tuần tiếng anh 8 tập 2 (đại lợi) (1)

ĐẠI LỢI BÀI TẬP CUỐI TUẦN TIẾNG ANH LỚP 8 TẬP 2 CÓ ĐÁP ÁN NHÀ XUẤT BẢN ĐẠI HỌC QUỐC GIA HÀ NỘI LỜI NÓI ĐẦU Các em học sinh thân mến Các em đang cầm trên tay một trong những cuốn sách hay nhất và quan trọng nhất trong quá trình học tiếng Anh của mình. Đó là cuốn sách Bài tập cuối tuần tiếng Anh lớp 8 tập 2. Cuốn sách được ra đời với bao công sức của tác giả, giáo viên giàu kinh nghiệm giảng dạy tiếng Anh. Cuốn sách được chia theo các đơn vị bài học và bám sát chương trình học tập trên lớp của các em. Đây là một tài liệu cực kỳ hữu ích nhằm giúp các em ôn tập, củng cố và nâng cao vốn tiếng Anh của mình. Trong mỗi đơn vị bài học, chúng tôi đều trình bày đầy đủ các nội dung sau: Phần lý thuyết: Tập trung vào trọng tâm ngữ pháp của bài học Phần Week 1: Tập trung vào việc thực hành kiến thức ngôn ngữ của các em. Các em sẽ được rèn luyện ngữ âm, từ vựng và ngữ pháp mẫu câu trong phần này. Phần Week 2: Phần này giúp rèn luyện và hoàn thiện cả 4 kỹ năng giao tiếp: Nghe Nói Đọc Viết tiếng Anh của các em. Kết hợp với các nội dung trong sách là đĩa CD phát âm chuẩn tiếng Anh của người bản ngữ. Chúng tôi tin rằng CD này sẽ hỗ trợ các em rất nhiều trong quá trình rèn luyện kỹ năng giao tiếp tiếng Anh của mình. Lời cuối cùng, chúng tôi mong muốn được gửi lời cảm ơn chân thành nhất tới độc giả, tới các em học sinh, các bậc phụ huynh và các quý thầy cô đã giúp đỡ chúng tôi rất nhiều trong quá trình biên soạn tài liệu quý báu này. Chúng tôi cũng mong muốn được lắng nghe những ý kiến góp ý chân thành nhất của các bậc phụ huynh và các thầy cô giáo để lần tái bản sau cuốn sách sẽ đầy đủ hơn, ý nghĩa hơn. Trân trọng Unit 7 POLLUTION A THEORY: LANGUAGE KNOWLEDGE ❶ PRONUNCIATION Stress in words ending in –ic and –al (Trọng âm của từ có đuôi –ic và đuôi –al) Các từ có đuôi –ic luôn có trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết ngay trước nó. Word ending in ic Transcription artistic elastic electronic specific scientific ɑːˈtɪstɪk ɪˈlæstɪk ɪˌlekˈtrɒnɪk spəˈsɪfɪk ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk – Các từ có đuôi –al không thay đổi trọng âm so với từ gốc . Root word Transcription Word ending in at Transcription music mjuːzɪk musical mjuːzɪkəl logic ˈlɒdʒɪk logical ˈlɒdʒɪkəl nation ˈneɪʃən national ˈneɪʃənəl chemistry kemɪstri chemical kemɪkəl practice præktɪs practical præktɪkəl ❷ VOCABULARY ENGLISH TYPE PRONUNCIATION VIETNAMESE acid rain n æsɪd reɪn mưa axit advertising billboard n ˈædvətaɪzɪŋ ˈbɪlbɔːd biển quảng cảo affect v əˈfekt gây ảnh hưởng air pollution n eər pəˈluːʃn ô nhiễm không khí almost adv ˈɔːlməʊst hầu như aquatic adj əˈkwætɪk sống ở dưới nước atmosphere n ˈætməsfɪər bầu không khí behaviour n bɪˈheɪvjər hành vi believe v bɪˈliːv tin tưởng birth defect n bɜːθ ˈdiːfekt khuyết tật bẩm sinh blood pressure n blʌd ˈpreʃər huyết áp breathing problem n ˈbriːðɪŋ ˈprɒbləm vấn đề thở change v tʃeɪndʒ thay đổi, sự thay đổi chemical adj ˈkemɪkəl thuộc hóa học come up with v kʌm ʌp wɪð nghĩ ra complain v kəmˈpleɪn phàn nàn contain v kənˈteɪn chứa đựng contaminant n kənˈtæmɪnənt chất gây ô nhiễm contamination n kəntæmɪˈneɪʃn sự ô nhiễm continue v kənˈtɪnjuː tiếp tục damage v, n ˈdæmɪdʒ phả hủy, sự phá hoại, tổn thất dead n ded chết decrease v dɪˈkriːs làm giảm die v daɪ chết dirty adj ˈdɜːti bẩn thỉu discharge v, n dɪsˈtʃɑːdʒ sự dỡ hàng, sự tháo ra disease n dɪˈziːz bệnh tật dramatic adj drəˈmætɪk nghiêm trọng dump v dʌmp đổ, vứt bỏ dust n dʌst bụi earth’s surface n ɜːθ ˈsɜːfɪs bề mặt trái đất environmental adj ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmentəl thuộc môi trường expose v ɪkˈspəʊz tiếp xúc factory n ˈfæktəri nhà máy float v fləʊt nổi fume n fjuːm khói thải

LỜI NÓI ĐẦU

Các em học sinh thân mến!

Các em đang cầm trên tay một trong những cuốn sách hay nhất và quan trọng

nhất trong quá trình học tiếng Anh của mình Đó là cuốn sách Bài tập cuối tuần tiếng Anh lớp 8 tập 2 Cuốn sách được ra đời với bao công sức của tác giả, giáo viên giàu

kinh nghiệm giảng dạy tiếng Anh Cuốn sách được chia theo các đơn vị bài học vàbám sát chương trình học tập trên lớp của các em Đây là một tài liệu cực kỳ hữu íchnhằm giúp các em ôn tập, củng cố và nâng cao vốn tiếng Anh của mình

Trong mỗi đơn vị bài học, chúng tôi đều trình bày đầy đủ các nội dung sau:

- Phần lý thuyết: Tập trung vào trọng tâm ngữ pháp của bài học

- Phần Week 1: Tập trung vào việc thực hành kiến thức ngôn ngữ của các em.

Các em sẽ được rèn luyện ngữ âm, từ vựng và ngữ pháp/ mẫu câu trong phần này

- Phần Week 2: Phần này giúp rèn luyện và hoàn thiện cả 4 kỹ năng giao tiếp:

Nghe - Nói - Đọc - Viết tiếng Anh của các em

Kết hợp với các nội dung trong sách là đĩa CD phát âm chuẩn tiếng Anh củangười bản ngữ Chúng tôi tin rằng CD này sẽ hỗ trợ các em rất nhiều trong quá trìnhrèn luyện kỹ năng giao tiếp tiếng Anh của mình

Lời cuối cùng, chúng tôi mong muốn được gửi lời cảm ơn chân thành nhất tớiđộc giả, tới các em học sinh, các bậc phụ huynh và các quý thầy cô đã giúp đỡ chúngtôi rất nhiều trong quá trình biên soạn tài liệu quý báu này Chúng tôi cũng mongmuốn được lắng nghe những ý kiến góp ý chân thành nhất của các bậc phụ huynh vàcác thầy cô giáo để lần tái bản sau cuốn sách sẽ đầy đủ hơn, ý nghĩa hơn Trân trọng!

A THEORY: LANGUAGE KNOWLEDGE

❶ PRONUNCIATION

Stress in words ending in –ic and –al (Trọng âm của từ có đuôi –ic và đuôi –al)

- Các từ có đuôi –ic luôn có trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết ngay trước nó.

Word ending in -ic Transcription

– Các từ có đuôi –al không thay đổi trọng âm so với từ gốc

Root word Transcription Word ending in -at Transcription

❷ VOCABULARY

ENGLISH TYPE PRONUNCIATION VIETNAMESE

advertising billboard n /ˈædvətaɪzɪŋ ˈbɪlbɔːd/ biển quảng cảo

WEEK 1

aquatic adj /əˈkwætɪk/ sống ở dưới nước

give presentation v /ɡɪv prezənˈteɪʃən/ thuyết trình

hearing loss n /ˈhɪərɪŋ lɒs/ sự mất khả năng nghe

land/soil pollution n /lænd/sɔɪl pəˈluːʃən/ ô nhiễm đất

radioactive pollution n /reɪdiəʊˈæktɪvˈluːʃən / pə ô nhiễm phóng xạ

thermal pollution n /ˈθɜːməl pəˈluːʃən/ ô nhiễm nhiệt

❸ GRAMMAR

1 Conditional sentences type 1

Câu điều kiện loại I

Câu điều kiện loại 1 được dùng để diễn tả điều kiện có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặctương lai

Cấu trúc:

Nói cách khác, ở câu điều kiện loại 1, mệnh đề IF dùng thì hiện tại đơn, mệnh đề

chính dùng thì tương lai đơn

Ví dụ:

If you study hard, you will pass the exam

Nếu bạn học chăm chỉ, bạn sẽ vượt qua kì thi.

If it is cool, I will go fishing

Nếu trời mát, tôi sẽ đi câu cá.

2 Conditional sentences type 2

Câu điều kiện loại II được dùng để diễn tả điều không thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặctương lai

Cấu trúc:

Ví dụ:

If I were a bird, I would be very happy

Nếu tôi là một con chim, tôl sẽ rất hạnh phúc.

If I had a million USD, I would buy that house.

Nếu tôi có một triệu đô la, tôi sẽ mua căn nhà đó.

Tóm tắt 2 loại câu điều kiện:

Type Forms Usage

1 lf + S + V(s, es), S + will/ can/ shall Điều có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại

Exercise 1: Choose the word which has different stress position.

Exercise 2: Mark the stress position of the words in the box Number 1 is an

example for you.

Exercise 3: Look at the picture and put the correct types of pollution under it.

1 2 .

3 4

5 6

7 8

Exercise 4: Match the word/ phrase with the correct definition.

No Term Opt Definition

1 acid rain A the increase In temperature of the earth’s atmosphere,

that is caused by the increase of particular gases, especially carbon dioxide

2 stream B a substance that causes death or harm if it is

swallowed or absorbed into the body

3 light pollution C rain that contains harmful chemicals from factory gases

and that damages trees, crops and buildings

4 contamination D things that you throw away because you no longer

want or need them

5 global warming E the process or fact of making a substance or place dirty

or no longer pure by adding a substance that is dangerous or carries disease

6 noise pollution F the mass of salt water that covers most of the earth’s

surface

7 ocean G the existence of too much artificial light in the

environment, for example from street lights, whichmakes it difficult to see the stars

8 poison H harmful or annoying levels of noise, as from airplanes,

industry, etc

10 rubbish J an act of making something less or smaller the state of

being made less or smaller

Your answer:

1 2 3 4 5

6 7 8 9 10

Exercise 5: Put the verbs in brackets: Conditional sentence type I or type II (1)

1 If you come with me, I (do) the shopping with you

2 Jimmy (help) his mother in the garden if she reads him a story thisevening

3 If it (ran) , I will stay at home

4 Our teacher will be happy if we (learn) the poem by heart

5 If they had enough money, they (buy) a new car

6 We (pass) the exam if we studied harder

7 If Pat (repair) his bike, he could go on a bicycle tour with us

8 She would get 100 pounds if she (sell) this old shelf

9 If I were you, I (invite) Jack to the party

10 If the weather (be) fine, the children can walk to school

Exercise 6: Put the verbs in brackets: Conditional sentence type I or type II (2)

1 If Tracy had a mobile phone, she (phone) all her friends

2 I will be very angry with Nick if he (forget) my CD again

3 If the boys win this match, their coach (invite) them to a barbecue

4 If you (not/ read) these articles, you will not know the facts aboutAfrica

5 You (get) very wet if you walked in this rain

6 The engine (not/ start) if Ben connected these two cables

7 If he (have) time, he will buy her some sweets

8 Maria would play in the school orchestra if she (practice) thetrumpet more often

9 We (not/ fetch) something to drink if Jim does not bring somesandwiches

10 If he (carry) the rucksack, I would pull the suitcase

Exercise 7: Choose the correct answers (1)

1 more help, I could call my neighbor

A Needed B Should I need C I have needed D I should need

2 Do you think there would be less conflict in the world if all people thesame language?

3 if you can give me one good reason for your acting like this, this incidentagain

4 Unless you all of my questions, I can’t do anything to help you

5 If someone into the store, smile and say, “May I help you?”

6 “Here’s my phone number”

“Thanks I’ll give you a call if I some help tomorrow”

7 If I weren’t working for an accounting firm, I in a bank

8 The death rate would decrease if hygienic conditions improved

9 The patient could not recover unless he an operation

A had undergone B would undergo C underwent D was undergoing

10 If she him, she would be very happy

Exercise 8: Choose the correct answers (2)

1 If I had enough money, I abroad to improve my English

2 The bench would collapse if they on it

3 If it convenient, let’s go out for a drink tonight

4 If you time, please write to me

5 I shouldn’t go there at night if I you

A am B was C be D were

6 If I get a pole, I will go fishing

7 If you had the chance, you go fishing?

8 If you a choice, which country would you visit?

9 She will accept the offer you persuade her

10 he would accompany you on the piano

Exercise 9: Choose the incorrect part (1)

1 If we meet at 9:30, we would have plenty of time

Exercise 10: Choose the incorrect part (2)

1 If the milkman conies, tell him to be leave two pints

2 I will call the office if I were you.

Exercise 1: Listen and write the headings for each paragraph (Track 14)

CAUSES OF AIR POLLUTION

Paragraph 1:

Paragraph 2:

Paragraph 3:

Paragraph 4:

Paragraph 5:

Exercise 2: Listen and complete the text (Track 15)

Solution to air pollution

Most people agree that to curb global warming, a variety of (1) need to be

taken On a personal level, driving and flying less, recycling, and conservation reduces a

person’s “carbon footprint” - the amount of carbon dioxide a person is (2) for

putting into the atmosphere

On a larger scale, governments are taking measures to limit (3) of carbon

dioxide and other greenhouse gases The Paris Agreement, a voluntary agreement

among 118 nations ratified on November 4, 2016, is one effort being enacted on a global

scale to combat (4) change As a part of the agreement, each country agreed

to take measures to combat climate change, with the ultimate goal of keeping the

post-industrial global temperature rise below two degrees Celsius Another method is to put

taxes on carbon emissions or higher taxes on gasoline, so that individuals and

(5) will have greater incentives to conserve energy and pollute less

Exercise 3: Read and put the headings into the correct paragraphs (There is

one extra)

1 Effect on health of humans

2 Effect on growth of plants

3 Decreased soil fertility

4 Toxic dust

5 Changes in temperature

6 Changes in soil structure

Effects of Soil Pollution

1 .: Considering how soil is the reason we are able

to sustain ourselves, the contamination of it has major consequences on our health

Crops and plants grown on polluted soil absorb much of the pollution and then pass

these on to us This could explain the sudden surge in small and terminal illnesses

2 .: The ecological balance of any system gets

affected due to the widespread contamination of the soil Most plants are unable to

adapt when the chemistry of the soil changes so radically in a short period of time Fungi

WEEK 2

and bacteria found in the soil that bind it together begin to decline, which creates anadditional problem of soil erosion.

3 .: The toxic chemicals present in the soil candecrease soil fertility and therefore decrease in the soil yield The contaminated soil isthen used to produce fruits and vegetables which lacks quality nutrients and may containsome poisonous substance to cause serious health problems in people consuming them

4 .: The emission of toxic and foul gases fromlandfills pollutes the environment and causes serious effects on health of some people.The unpleasant smell causes inconvenience to other people

5 .: The death of many soil organisms (e.g.earthworms) in the soil can lead to alteration in soil structure Apart from that, it couldalso force other predators to move to other places in search of food

Exercise 4: Read and answer the questions.

Water pollution is a major global problem which requires ongoing evaluation andrevision of water resource policy at all levels It has been suggested that water pollution

is the leading worldwide cause of deaths and diseases, and that it accounts for thedeaths of more than 14,000 people daily An estimated 580 people in India die of waterpollution related illness every day About 90 percent of the water in the cities of China ispolluted As of 2007, half a billion Chinese had no access to safe drinking water Inaddition to the acute problems of water pollution in developing countries, developedcountries also continue to struggle with pollution problems For example, in the mostrecent national report on water quality in the United States, 44 percent of assessedstream miles, 64 percent of assessed lake acres, and 30 percent of assessed bays andestuarine square miles were classified as polluted The head of China’s nationaldevelopment agency said in 2007 that one quarter the length of China’s seven mainrivers were so poisoned the water harmed the skin

Water is typically referred to as polluted when it is impaired by anthropogeniccontaminants and either does not support a human use, such as drinking water, orundergoes a marked shift in its ability to support its constituent biotic communities, such

as fish Natural phenomena such as volcanoes, algae blooms, storms, and earthquakesalso cause major changes in water quality and the ecological status of water

1 What is the leading worldwide cause of deaths and diseases?

Exercise 5: Look at the picture, answer the questions Then practise asking

and answering questions in oral speech.

1 What kind of vehicles are on the road?

Exercise 6: Describe the picture in front of the class (oral presentation)

Exercise 7: Rewrite each sentence, beginning as shown.

1 I didn’t have an umbrella with me so I got wet

Exercise 8: Rewrite the following sentences starting with if.

1 He can’t go out because he has to study for his exam

ENGLISH TYPE PRONUNCIATION VIETNAMESE

competition n /kɒmpəˈtɪʃən/ cuộc thi

summer camp n /ˈsʌmər kæmp/ trại hè

❸ GRAMMAR

Present tenses (Các thì hiện tại)

Có 4 thì hiện tại trong tiếng Anh Chúng được trình bày tóm tắt trong bảng sau

SIMPLE PRESENT (THÌ HIỆN TẠI ĐƠN)

PRESENT CONTINUOUS (THÌ HIỆN TẠI TIẾP DIỄN) CẤU TRÚC

The sun rises in the East

Tom comes from England

Thì hiện tại tiếp diễn diễn tả một hành động đang diễn ra và kéo dài dài một thời gian ở hiện tại.

Ví dụ:

Mary often goes to school bybicycle

I get up early every morning

Thì này cũng thường tiếp theo sau câu đề nghị, mệnh lệnh.

Ví dụ:

Look! The child is crying

Be quiet! The baby is sleeping in thenext room

Lưu ý: Ta thêm “es” sau các động từ tận

cùng là: o, ch, sh, ss, z Không dùng thì này với các động từchỉ nhận thức tri giác như: to see,

hear, understand, know, like, want, glance, feel, think, smell, love, hate, realize, seem, remember, forget, etc

Dấu hiệu Thường có các từ: always, every, Thường có các từ: now, at the

nhận biết: usually, often, generally, frequently moment, at present, right now

PRESENT PERFECT (THÌ HIỆN TẠI HOÀN THÀNH)

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS (THÌ HIỆN TẠI HOÀN THÀNH TIẾP

DIỄN) CẤU TRÚC

S + have/ has + been + V-ing

S + haven’t/ hasn’t + been + V-ingHave/ has + S + been + V-ing?

CÁCH DÙNG:

1 Diễn tả 1 hành động đã xảy ra

trong quá khứ nhưng kết quả còn liên quan đến hiện tại (Nhấn mạnh kết quả của hành động.)

Ví dụ:

We have been playing soccer fortwo hours

2 Diễn tả hành đã xảy ra hoặc chưa

xảy ra nhưng không xác định thời gian.

B PRACTICE

Exercise 1: Mark the stress position of the words in the box Number 1 is an

example for you.

Exercise 2: Look at the transcription and read them aloud Give the stress rule

of the words ending in ee and ese.

No Words Transcription

Exercise 3: Look at the picture and put the correct word under it.

1 2 3

4 5 6 .

7 8 9

Exercise 4: Match the word/ phrase with the correct definition.

No Term Opt Definition

2 debate B the language that you first learn to speak when you are

a child

4 exhibition D land that is under the control of a particular country or

ruler

5 garment E a collection of things, for example works of art, that are

shown to the public

that represents a program or a file

example of this

8 mother tongue H the spirit of a dead person that a living person believes

they can see or hear

9 puzzle I a formal discussion of an issue at a public meeting In

this, there are two or more speakers express opposingviews and then there is often a vote on the issue

10 territory J a game, etc that you have to think about carefully in

order to answer it or do it

Exercise 5: Put the verbs in brackets Present simple or present continuous.

1 I (not/belong) to this particular government committee

2 Hurry? The bus (come) (not/want) to miss it

3 Martha is a vegetarian She (not/eat) meat

4 I (look) for the manager I can’t find him anywhere

5 We are successful because we (take) the time to talk to our

customers

6 John (deaf) with all the enquiries about sales

7 At the moment we (make) a training video for Siemens

8 (you/know) what Mr Brown is doing? He is not in his office

9 Unemployment (fail) and is now down to 5.6%

10 Jane is doing some research in the library She needs it for a book she

(write)

Exercise 6: Put the verbs in brackets: Present perfect or present

perfect progressive (1)

1 How long (you/ know) Gerry?

2 You look dirty What (you/ do) all day?

3 How many times (Charles/ visit) New York?

4 She (learn) French words for hours, but she still doesn’t

remember all of them

5 The children (watch) videos for two hours

6 (he/ study) hard today?

7 Sorry, I’m late, (you/ wait) for long?

8 We (not/ see) Lisa recently

9 He (write) his essay all day, but he hasn’t finished yet

10 How long (he/ wait) for her?

Exercise 7: Put the verbs in brackets: Present perfect or present perfect

progressive (2)

1 You took tired (you/study) hard?

2 Mr Brown is new here, isn’t he? How long (he/work) for

the company?

3 I (lose) my wallet Have you seen it anywhere?

4 I (read) the magazine you lent me, but I

(not/finish) yet

5 (you/hear) the bad news? Simon (break)

his leg!

6 John (write) his novel since last year He

the first three chapters

7 What (you/do) I (wait) for you for

an hour

8 The painters (paint) the town hall since February

They (paint) nearly half of it now

9 I (know) Louise for ten years

10 Mr Brown (mark) the exams all morning, but he(not/read) them all.

Exercise 8: Choose the best option to complete the sentence.

1 She can’t come to the phone now because she tomorrow’s test

2 They must be at the sports ground now They usually basketball onFridays

3 I my work already I’m ready to go for a walk with you

4 I breakfast right now Can you call a tittle later?

5 I this book Can I borrow it tor a week or so?

6 Maria is good at languages She French, Spanish and German

7 So far, he five stories for children

8 We for their answer for two months already

9 She since Monday

10 She since noon Should we wake her up?

Exercise 9: Put the verbs in brackets in the correct form (1)

1 She always (remember) my birthday

2 Look! It (snow)

3 How long (know) Simon?

4 Can you hear those girls? What (they/ talk) this exam?

5 How many times (you/ take) this exam?

6 He (eat) six bars of chocolate today!

7 When I’m in Paris I (usually/stay) in the Hotel du Pont, but this

time I (stay) in the more expensive Hotel Notre Dame

8 (they/ arrive) already?

9 My father (be) an engineer, but he (not/work)

right now

10 My parents (live) in Sydney Where (your parents/

live) ?

Exercise 10: Put the verbs in brackets in the correct form (2)

1 Lucy (run) 2000 metres today

2 We (own) two cars, an estate car and a sports car

3 Can you drive? No, but I (learn) at the moment

4 Julie (cook) dinner Let’s go and eat!

5 Look! That woman (try) to steal that man’s wallet

6 I (drink) more water lately, and I feel better

7 I (clean) all morning – I’m fed up!

8 The River Nile (flow) into the Mediterranean

9 Sorry about the mess! I (bake)

10 The students (finish) their exams They’re very happy

Exercise 1: Listen and complete the text (Track 16)

6 Tips to Self Study English Effectively

1 Listen to music and learn from lyrics

Everyone likes music It’s very easy and interesting to learn English by listening to your

favourite

2 Watch English videos about your interests

This is good training for your English comprehension and Watching

interviews and reviews will help you become familiar with conversational English-how

you should communicate with other people

3 Watch English movies and TV shows

Watching English movies and TV shows also helps how you speak and

understand the language

4 Test your grammar with online English quizzes

WEEK 2

When you self-study, one possible problem is that you might miss the anderrors you’re making.

One easy way to test yourself is to do free online English quizzes These quizzes will testyour grammar, sentence construction, comprehension and a whole lot more

5 Chat with friends online

Chatting with friends online is a fun way to self-study English without even realizing it.It’s different from talking to a teacher, or studying in class, or even using English at workbecause it’s relaxed, and the is easy

6 Read e-books, articles and online magazines

Reading is as as listening when learning English Reading and listeningboth sharpen the mind and train you to think in English too

Exercise 2: Listen and answer the questions (Track 17)

1 How many people speak English as their first language?

Exercise 3: Read and complete the text with the words in the box.

Australia is a sovereign country comprising the (1) of the Australiancontinent, the island of Tasmania and numerous smaller islands It is the largest(2) in Oceania and the world’s sixth-largest country by total area Theneighbouring countries are Papua New Guinea, Indonesia and East Timor to the north;the Solomon Islands and Vanuatu to the north-east; and New Zealand to the south-east.Australia’s capital is Canberra, and its (3) urban area is Sydney.For about 50,000 years before the first British settlement in the late 18th(4) , Australia was inhabited by indigenous Australians, who spoke(5) classifiable into roughly 250 groups After the European discovery

of the continent by Dutch explorers in 1606 Australia’s eastern half was claimed byGreat Britain in 1770 and initially seeded through penal transportation to the colony ofNew South Wales from 26 January 1788 The (6) grew steadily insubsequent decades, and by the 1850s most of the continent had been explored and an

additional give self-governing crown colonies established On 1 January 1901, the six

colonies federated, forming the Commonwealth of Australia Australia has since

(7) a stable liberal democratic political system that functions as a

federal parliamentary constitutional monarchy comprising six states and several

(8)

Exercise 4: Read and match the bold words with their definition.

London is a leading global city in the arts, commerce, education, entertainment, fashion,

finance, healthcare, media, professional services, research and development, tourism

and transportation It is the world’s largest financial centre and has the fifth- or

sixth-largest metropolitan area GDP in the world London is a world cultural capital It is the

world’s most visited city as measured by international arrivals and has the world’s largest

city airport system measured by passenger traffic London is the world’s leading

investment destination, hosting more international retailers and ultra high-net-worth

individuals than any other city London’s universities form the largest concentration of

higher education institutes in Europe In 2012, London became the first city to have

hosted the modern Summer Olympic Games three times

London contains four World Heritage Sites: the Tower of London; Kew Gardens; the site

comprising the Palace of Westminster Westminster Abbey, and St Margaret’s Church;

and the historic settlement of Greenwich (in which the Royal Observatory Greenwich

defines the Prime Meridian 00 longitude, and GMT) Other famous landmarks include

Buckingham Palace, the London Eye Piccadilly Circus, St Paul’s Cathedral, Tower Bridge,

Trafalgar Square and The Shard London is home to numerous museums, galleries

libraries, sporting events and other cultural institutions, inducing the British Museum,

National Gallery, Natural History Museum, Tate Modern, British Library and West End

theatres

The London Underground is the oldest underground railway network in the world

No Words opt Definition

is being sent or taken

2 centre b a building or place that is easily recognized, especially

one which you can use to judge where you are

6 historic f a city which is the centre of government of a country or

smaller political area

7 landmark g important or likely to be important in history

8 numerous h the process of teaching or learning in a school or

college, or the knowledge that you get from this

Your answer:

1 2 3 4

5 6 7 8

Exercise 5: Look at the picture, answer the questions Then practise asking

and answering questions in oral speech.

1 Where is the scene?

Exercise 6: Describe the picture in front of the class (oral presentation)

Exercise 7: Answer the following questions.

1 How long have you been learning English?

Exercise 8: Write a short paragraph about how you learn English The ideas in

Exercise 7 are examples for you.

raise money v /reɪz ˈmʌni / quyên góp tiền

 Đem O trong câu chủ động làm S trong câu bị động, đem S trong câu chủ động

(A) The cat ate the mouse

 (P) The mouse was eaten by the cat

1.2 Động từ trong câu chủ động và bị động:

Tenses Active Passive

Simple present Lan cleans the floor every

morning The floor is cleaned by Lanevery morning

Simple past Nam broke the glasses The glasses were broken by

Nam

Present continuous The pupil is not doing some

exercises Some exercises are not beingdone by the pupil

Past continuous The mother was cooking

dinner at 6 yesterday Dinner was being cooked bythe mother at 6 yesterday

Present perfect The secretary has just

finished the report The report has just beenfinished by the secretary

Past perfect The boy had found the key

before 9 yesterday The key had been found bythe boy before 9 yesterday

Simple future Mr Brown will not teach our

class Our class will not be taughtby Mr Brown

Future perfect The students will have

written many compositions

Many compositions will havebeen written by thestudents

Modal verbs The students must do this

exercise in class This exercise must be done inclass by the students

1.3 Một số dạng bị động khác:

Cấu trúc: They/ People say/ think/ believe that

 (A) People say that Henry eats ten eggs a day

 (P1) It Is said that Henry eats ten eggs a day

 (P2) Henry is said to eat ten eggs a day

 (A) They thought that Mary had gone away

 (P1) It was thought that Mary had gone away

 (P2) Mary was thought to have gone away

2 Past perfect (Thì quá khứ hoàn thành)

2.1 Cấu trúc (form)

2.2 Cách sử dụng thì quá khứ hoàn thành (Usage)

Thì quá khứ hoàn thành dùng để diễn tả một hành động đã xảy ra trước một hànhđộng khác hoặc một thời điểm khác trong quá khứ:

We had had lunch when she arrived

Khi cô ấy đến chúng tôi đã ăn trưa xong.

I went out for a walk with them after I had finished my essay

Tôi đi dạo với họ sau khi tôi đã hoàn thành bài luận của mình

2.3 Dấu hiệu nhận biết thì quá khứ hoàn thành (signals)

Trong câu thường có các từ: before, after, when by, by the time, by the end of + time

Ví dụ:

(A) People built that bridge in 1998

 (P) That bridge was built in 1998 (by people) Ta nên bỏ “by people”

Chú ý:

Khẳng định S + had + PII

Phủ định S + had + not (hadn’t) + PII

Nghi vấn Had + S + PII?

Exercise 2: Look at the transcription and read them aloud Give the stress rule

of the words ending in ogy and aphy.

No Words Transcription