FOOD POISONING A M EDICAL D ICTIONARY , B IBLIOGRAPHY , AND A NNOTATED R ESEARCH G UIDE TO I NTERNET R E FERENCES J AMES N P ARKER , M.D AND P HILIP M P ARKER , P H D., E DITORS www.ebook3000.com ii ICON Health Publications ICON Group International, Inc 4370 La Jolla Village Drive, 4th Floor San Diego, CA 92122 USA Copyright ©2003 by ICON Group International, Inc Copyright ©2003 by ICON Group International, Inc All rights reserved This book is protected by copyright No part of it may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the publisher Printed in the United States of America Last digit indicates print number: 10 Publisher, Health Care: Philip Parker, Ph.D Editor(s): James Parker, M.D., Philip Parker, Ph.D Publisher's note: The ideas, procedures, and suggestions contained in this book are not intended for the diagnosis or treatment of a health problem As new medical or scientific information becomes available from academic and clinical research, recommended treatments and drug therapies may undergo changes The authors, editors, and publisher have attempted to make the information in this book up to date and accurate in accord with accepted standards at the time of publication The authors, editors, and publisher are not responsible for errors or omissions or for consequences from application of the book, and make no warranty, expressed or implied, in regard to the contents of this book Any practice described in this book should be applied by the reader in accordance with professional standards of care used in regard to the unique circumstances that may apply in each situation The reader is advised to always check product information (package inserts) for changes and new information regarding dosage and contraindications before prescribing any drug or pharmacological product Caution is especially urged when using new or infrequently ordered drugs, herbal remedies, vitamins and supplements, alternative therapies, complementary therapies and medicines, and integrative medical treatments Cataloging-in-Publication Data Parker, James N., 1961Parker, Philip M., 1960Food Poisoning: A Medical Dictionary, Bibliography, and Annotated Research Guide to Internet References / James N Parker and Philip M Parker, editors p cm Includes bibliographical references, glossary, and index ISBN: 0-597-83915-8 Food Poisoning-Popular works I Title www.ebook3000.com iii Disclaimer This publication is not intended to be used for the diagnosis or treatment of a health problem It is sold with the understanding that the publisher, editors, and authors are not engaging in the rendering of medical, psychological, financial, legal, or other professional services References to any entity, product, service, or source of information that may be contained in this publication should not be considered an endorsement, either direct or implied, by the publisher, editors, or authors ICON Group International, Inc., the editors, and the authors are not responsible for the content of any Web pages or publications referenced in this publication Copyright Notice If a physician wishes to copy limited passages from this book for patient use, this right is automatically granted without written permission from ICON Group International, Inc (ICON Group) However, all of ICON Group publications have copyrights With exception to the above, copying our publications in whole or in part, for whatever reason, is a violation of copyright laws and can lead to penalties and fines Should you want to copy tables, graphs, or other materials, please contact us to request permission (E-mail: iconedit@san.rr.com) ICON Group often grants permission for very limited reproduction of our publications for internal use, press releases, and academic research Such reproduction requires confirmed permission from ICON Group International Inc The disclaimer above must accompany all reproductions, in whole or in part, of this book www.ebook3000.com iv Acknowledgements The collective knowledge generated from academic and applied research summarized in various references has been critical in the creation of this book which is best viewed as a comprehensive compilation and collection of information prepared by various official agencies which produce publications on food poisoning Books in this series draw from various agencies and institutions associated with the United States Department of Health and Human Services, and in particular, the Office of the Secretary of Health and Human Services (OS), the Administration for Children and Families (ACF), the Administration on Aging (AOA), the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the Healthcare Financing Administration (HCFA), the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), the Indian Health Service (IHS), the institutions of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the Program Support Center (PSC), and the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) In addition to these sources, information gathered from the National Library of Medicine, the United States Patent Office, the European Union, and their related organizations has been invaluable in the creation of this book Some of the work represented was financially supported by the Research and Development Committee at INSEAD This support is gratefully acknowledged Finally, special thanks are owed to Tiffany Freeman for her excellent editorial support www.ebook3000.com v About the Editors James N Parker, M.D Dr James N Parker received his Bachelor of Science degree in Psychobiology from the University of California, Riverside and his M.D from the University of California, San Diego In addition to authoring numerous research publications, he has lectured at various academic institutions Dr Parker is the medical editor for health books by ICON Health Publications Philip M Parker, Ph.D Philip M Parker is the Eli Lilly Chair Professor of Innovation, Business and Society at INSEAD (Fontainebleau, France and Singapore) Dr Parker has also been Professor at the University of California, San Diego and has taught courses at Harvard University, the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Stanford University, and UCLA Dr Parker is the associate editor for ICON Health Publications www.ebook3000.com vi About ICON Health Publications To discover more about ICON Health Publications, simply check with your preferred online booksellers, including Barnes & Noble.com and Amazon.com which currently carry all of our titles Or, feel free to contact us directly for bulk purchases or institutional discounts: ICON Group International, Inc 4370 La Jolla Village Drive, Fourth Floor San Diego, CA 92122 USA Fax: 858-546-4341 Web site: www.icongrouponline.com/health www.ebook3000.com vii Table of Contents FORWARD CHAPTER STUDIES ON FOOD POISONING Overview The Combined Health Information Database Federally Funded Research on Food Poisoning E-Journals: PubMed Central 30 The National Library of Medicine: PubMed 31 CHAPTER NUTRITION AND FOOD POISONING 75 Overview 75 Finding Nutrition Studies on Food Poisoning 75 Federal Resources on Nutrition 76 Additional Web Resources 77 CHAPTER ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE AND FOOD POISONING 79 Overview 79 National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine 79 Additional Web Resources 81 General References 82 CHAPTER PATENTS ON FOOD POISONING 83 Overview 83 Patents on Food Poisoning 83 Patent Applications on Food Poisoning 91 Keeping Current 95 CHAPTER BOOKS ON FOOD POISONING 97 Overview 97 Book Summaries: Federal Agencies 97 Book Summaries: Online Booksellers 99 The National Library of Medicine Book Index 101 Chapters on Food Poisoning 101 CHAPTER MULTIMEDIA ON FOOD POISONING 105 Overview 105 Video Recordings 105 Bibliography: Multimedia on Food Poisoning 106 CHAPTER PERIODICALS AND NEWS ON FOOD POISONING 107 Overview 107 News Services and Press Releases 107 Newsletter Articles 110 Academic Periodicals covering Food Poisoning 112 APPENDIX A PHYSICIAN RESOURCES 115 Overview 115 NIH Guidelines 115 NIH Databases 117 Other Commercial Databases 120 APPENDIX B PATIENT RESOURCES 121 Overview 121 Patient Guideline Sources 121 Finding Associations 124 APPENDIX C FINDING MEDICAL LIBRARIES 127 Overview 127 Preparation 127 Finding a Local Medical Library 127 Medical Libraries in the U.S and Canada 127 www.ebook3000.com viii Contents ONLINE GLOSSARIES 133 Online Dictionary Directories 135 FOOD POISONING DICTIONARY 137 INDEX 185 www.ebook3000.com FORWARD In March 2001, the National Institutes of Health issued the following warning: "The number of Web sites offering health-related resources grows every day Many sites provide valuable information, while others may have information that is unreliable or misleading."1 Furthermore, because of the rapid increase in Internet-based information, many hours can be wasted searching, selecting, and printing Since only the smallest fraction of information dealing with food poisoning is indexed in search engines, such as www.google.com or others, a non-systematic approach to Internet research can be not only time consuming, but also incomplete This book was created for medical professionals, students, and members of the general public who want to know as much as possible about food poisoning, using the most advanced research tools available and spending the least amount of time doing so In addition to offering a structured and comprehensive bibliography, the pages that follow will tell you where and how to find reliable information covering virtually all topics related to food poisoning, from the essentials to the most advanced areas of research Public, academic, government, and peer-reviewed research studies are emphasized Various abstracts are reproduced to give you some of the latest official information available to date on food poisoning Abundant guidance is given on how to obtain free-of-charge primary research results via the Internet While this book focuses on the field of medicine, when some sources provide access to non-medical information relating to food poisoning, these are noted in the text E-book and electronic versions of this book are fully interactive with each of the Internet sites mentioned (clicking on a hyperlink automatically opens your browser to the site indicated) If you are using the hard copy version of this book, you can access a cited Web site by typing the provided Web address directly into your Internet browser You may find it useful to refer to synonyms or related terms when accessing these Internet databases NOTE: At the time of publication, the Web addresses were functional However, some links may fail due to URL address changes, which is a common occurrence on the Internet For readers unfamiliar with the Internet, detailed instructions are offered on how to access electronic resources For readers unfamiliar with medical terminology, a comprehensive glossary is provided For readers without access to Internet resources, a directory of medical libraries, that have or can locate references cited here, is given We hope these resources will prove useful to the widest possible audience seeking information on food poisoning The Editors From the NIH, National Cancer Institute (NCI): http://www.cancer.gov/cancerinfo/ten-things-to-know www.ebook3000.com www.ebook3000.com 182 Food Poisoning between individuals of the same species, or between individuals of different species [NIH] Trauma: Any injury, wound, or shock, must frequently physical or structural shock, producing a disturbance [NIH] Trichomoniasis: An infection with the protozoan parasite Trichomonas vaginalis [NIH] Tuberculosis: Any of the infectious diseases of man and other animals caused by species of Mycobacterium [NIH] TYPHI: The bacterium that gives rise to typhoid fever [NIH] Typhimurium: Microbial assay which measures his-his+ reversion by chemicals which cause base substitutions or frameshift mutations in the genome of this organism [NIH] Typhoid fever: The most important member of the enteric group of fevers which also includes the paratyphoids [NIH] Typhoid fever: The most important member of the enteric group of fevers which also includes the paratyphoids [NIH] Tyramine: An indirect sympathomimetic Tyramine does not directly activate adrenergic receptors, but it can serve as a substrate for adrenergic uptake systems and monoamine oxidase so it prolongs the actions of adrenergic transmitters It also provokes transmitter release from adrenergic terminals Tyramine may be a neurotransmitter in some invertebrate nervous systems [NIH] Tyrosine: A non-essential amino acid In animals it is synthesized from phenylalanine It is also the precursor of epinephrine, thyroid hormones, and melanin [NIH] Ulcer: A localized necrotic lesion of the skin or a mucous surface [NIH] Ulceration: The formation or development of an ulcer An ulcer [EU] Unconscious: Experience which was once conscious, but was subsequently rejected, as the "personal unconscious" [NIH] Uraemia: An excess in the blood of urea, creatinine, and other nitrogenous end products of protein and amino acids metabolism; more correctly referred to as azotemia In current usage the entire constellation of signs and symptoms of chronic renal failure, including nausea, vomiting anorexia, a metallic taste in the mouth, a uraemic odour of the breath, pruritus, uraemic frost on the skin, neuromuscular disorders, pain and twitching in the muscles, hypertension, edema, mental confusion, and acid-base and electrolyte imbalances [EU] Uremia: The illness associated with the buildup of urea in the blood because the kidneys are not working effectively Symptoms include nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, weakness, and mental confusion [NIH] Ureters: Tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder [NIH] Urethra: The tube through which urine leaves the body It empties urine from the bladder [NIH] Uric: A kidney stone that may result from a diet high in animal protein When the body breaks down this protein, uric acid levels rise and can form stones [NIH] Urinary: Having to with urine or the organs of the body that produce and get rid of urine [NIH] Urinary tract: The organs of the body that produce and discharge urine These include the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra [NIH] Urinary tract infection: An illness caused by harmful bacteria growing in the urinary tract [NIH] Dictionary 183 Urine: Fluid containing water and waste products Urine is made by the kidneys, stored in the bladder, and leaves the body through the urethra [NIH] Urticaria: A vascular reaction of the skin characterized by erythema and wheal formation due to localized increase of vascular permeability The causative mechanism may be allergy, infection, or stress [NIH] Vaccine: A substance or group of substances meant to cause the immune system to respond to a tumor or to microorganisms, such as bacteria or viruses [NIH] Vacuoles: Any spaces or cavities within a cell They may function in digestion, storage, secretion, or excretion [NIH] Valine: A branched-chain essential amino acid that has stimulant activity It promotes muscle growth and tissue repair It is a precursor in the penicillin biosynthetic pathway [NIH] Valinomycin: A cyclododecadepsipeptide ionophore antibiotic produced by Streptomyces fulvissimus and related to the enniatins It is composed of moles each of L-valine, D-alphahydroxyisovaleric acid, D-valine, and L-lactic acid linked alternately to form a 36-membered ring (From Merck Index, 11th ed) Valinomycin is a potassium selective ionophore and is commonly used as a tool in biochemical studies [NIH] Vancomycin: Antibacterial obtained from Streptomyces orientalis It is a glycopeptide related to ristocetin that inhibits bacterial cell wall assembly and is toxic to kidneys and the inner ear [NIH] Vascular: Pertaining to blood vessels or indicative of a copious blood supply [EU] Vasculitis: Inflammation of a blood vessel [NIH] Vasodilator: An agent that widens blood vessels [NIH] Vector: Plasmid or other self-replicating DNA molecule that transfers DNA between cells in nature or in recombinant DNA technology [NIH] Vegetarianism: Dietary practice of consuming only vegetables, grains, and nuts [NIH] Vein: Vessel-carrying blood from various parts of the body to the heart [NIH] Venous: Of or pertaining to the veins [EU] Venules: The minute vessels that collect blood from the capillary plexuses and join together to form veins [NIH] Vesicular: Composed of or relating to small, saclike bodies Pertaining to or made up of vesicles on the skin [EU] Vesicular Exanthema of Swine: A calicivirus infection of swine characterized by hydropic degeneration of the oral and cutaneous epithelia [NIH] Vesicular Exanthema of Swine Virus: The type species of the genus Calicivirus, an RNA virus infecting pigs The resulting infection is an acute febrile disease which is clinically indistinguishable from foot and mouth disease Transmission is by contaminated food [NIH] Veterinary Medicine: The medical science concerned with the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases in animals [NIH] Vibrio: A genus of Vibrionaceae, made up of short, slightly curved, motile, gram-negative rods Various species produce cholera and other gastrointestinal disorders as well as abortion in sheep and cattle [NIH] Vibrio cholerae: The etiologic agent of cholera [NIH] Villous: Of a surface, covered with villi [NIH] Viral: Pertaining to, caused by, or of the nature of virus [EU] 184 Food Poisoning Virulence: The degree of pathogenicity within a group or species of microorganisms or viruses as indicated by case fatality rates and/or the ability of the organism to invade the tissues of the host [NIH] Virulent: A virus or bacteriophage capable only of lytic growth, as opposed to temperate phages establishing the lysogenic response [NIH] Virus: Submicroscopic organism that causes infectious disease In cancer therapy, some viruses may be made into vaccines that help the body build an immune response to, and kill, tumor cells [NIH] Vitamin A: A substance used in cancer prevention; it belongs to the family of drugs called retinoids [NIH] Vitro: Descriptive of an event or enzyme reaction under experimental investigation occurring outside a living organism Parts of an organism or microorganism are used together with artificial substrates and/or conditions [NIH] Vivo: Outside of or removed from the body of a living organism [NIH] Welchii: A genus of anerobic spore-forming bacteria of the family Bacillaceae [NIH] White blood cell: A type of cell in the immune system that helps the body fight infection and disease White blood cells include lymphocytes, granulocytes, macrophages, and others [NIH] Windpipe: A rigid tube, 10 cm long, extending from the cricoid cartilage to the upper border of the fifth thoracic vertebra [NIH] Wound Infection: Invasion of the site of trauma by pathogenic microorganisms [NIH] Xenograft: The cells of one species transplanted to another species [NIH] X-ray: High-energy radiation used in low doses to diagnose diseases and in high doses to treat cancer [NIH] X-ray therapy: The use of high-energy radiation from x-rays to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors Radiation may come from a machine outside the body (external-beam radiation therapy) or from materials called radioisotopes Radioisotopes produce radiation and can be placed in or near the tumor or in the area near cancer cells This type of radiation treatment is called internal radiation therapy, implant radiation, interstitial radiation, or brachytherapy Systemic radiation therapy uses a radioactive substance, such as a radiolabeled monoclonal antibody, that circulates throughout the body X-ray therapy is also called radiation therapy, radiotherapy, and irradiation [NIH] Yeasts: A general term for single-celled rounded fungi that reproduce by budding Brewers' and bakers' yeasts are Saccharomyces cerevisiae; therapeutic dried yeast is dried yeast [NIH] Yersinia: A genus of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic rod- to coccobacillus-shaped bacteria that occurs in a broad spectrum of habitats [NIH] Zymogen: Inactive form of an enzyme which can then be converted to the active form, usually by excision of a polypeptide, e g trypsinogen is the zymogen of trypsin [NIH] 185 INDEX A Abdominal, 4, 98, 133, 137, 146, 150, 155, 162, 169, 170 Abdominal Pain, 4, 98, 137, 155, 162 Abscess, 39, 137 Acetylcholine, 137, 168 Actin, 6, 137, 167 Acute renal, 137, 158 Adenosine, 137, 143, 171, 180 Adjuvant, 137, 156 Adolescent Nutrition, 99, 137 Adsorption, 84, 93, 94, 137 Adsorptive, 137 Adverse Effect, 137, 178 Aerobic, 87, 137, 166 Aerosols, 23, 137 Affinity, 15, 18, 25, 137, 138, 163, 178 Aflatoxins, 58, 138 Agar, 84, 89, 93, 138, 148, 160 Agonist, 50, 138 Alertness, 138, 143 Algorithms, 138, 142 Alimentary, 60, 138 Alkaline, 138, 143 Allergen, 23, 84, 94, 138, 177 Alternative medicine, 110, 138 Amenorrhea, 138, 139 Amine, 138, 158 Amino Acid Sequence, 7, 90, 138, 139, 156 Amino Acids, 88, 138, 141, 142, 156, 169, 170, 172, 173, 182 Ammonium Sulfate, 93, 138 Amphetamine, 138, 142 Ampicillin, 57, 139 Amplification, 9, 92, 139 Anaerobic, 139, 174, 176, 184 Anaesthesia, 139, 160 Anal, 98, 139, 152, 154, 164 Anal Fissure, 98, 139 Analogous, 15, 139, 181 Anemia, 111, 139, 164 Anergy, 139, 180 Animal model, 19, 26, 28, 139 Anions, 139, 162, 177, 180 Anorexia, 98, 99, 118, 139, 155, 182 Anorexia Nervosa, 98, 99, 139 Antagonism, 15, 139, 143, 180 Anthrax, 9, 139 Anthropogenic, 25, 139 Antibacterial, 22, 85, 90, 91, 139, 150, 179, 183 Antibiotic, 5, 7, 9, 22, 25, 29, 31, 43, 52, 64, 139, 143, 170, 176, 179, 183 Antibodies, 8, 27, 93, 139, 140, 157, 158, 159, 160, 164, 171 Antibody Specificity, 13, 140 Anticoagulant, 140, 173 Antigen, 14, 90, 93, 137, 139, 140, 147, 149, 158, 159, 160, 161, 177 Antigen-presenting cell, 140, 149 Anti-infective, 140, 154, 159, 162 Anti-Infective Agents, 140, 154 Antimicrobial, 4, 17, 21, 22, 37, 102, 140 Antioxidants, 99, 140, 154, 170 Antiserum, 89, 140 Anuria, 140, 163 Anus, 139, 140, 143 Apoptosis, 8, 140, 144 Appendicitis, 98, 140 Aqueous, 140, 142, 148, 151, 159 Arginine, 140, 168 Aromatic, 140, 142, 171 Arterial, 140, 173 Arteries, 140, 142, 143, 147, 165 Arterioles, 140, 143, 144 Aspartic, 141, 144 Aspartic Acid, 141, 144 Assay, 19, 25, 46, 141, 160, 176, 182 Astringents, 141, 165 Astrovirus, 102, 141 Asymptomatic, 141, 169 Attenuated, 7, 23, 141 Attenuation, 26, 141 Autodigestion, 141, 169 Autoimmune disease, 22, 141 Autoimmunity, 22, 141 B Bacteremia, 141, 176 Bacterial Proteins, 6, 27, 141 Bacterial toxin, 4, 61, 141 Bactericidal, 91, 141 Bacteriophage, 38, 141, 176, 184 Bacterium, 6, 12, 22, 85, 88, 141, 158, 176, 182 Base, 39, 142, 148, 149, 153, 155, 156, 162, 163, 180, 182 186 Food Poisoning Base Sequence, 142, 148, 155, 156 Benign, 97, 142, 157, 175 Bile, 142, 155, 159, 163 Bile Ducts, 142, 155 Biliary, 102, 142, 144, 169 Biliary Tract, 142, 144, 169 Bilirubin, 142, 155 Bioassays, 22, 142 Biochemical, 7, 21, 88, 142, 154, 163, 177, 183 Biogenic Amines, 43, 142 Biological Warfare, 13, 142 Biosynthesis, 17, 19, 142 Biotechnology, 14, 30, 31, 39, 101, 106, 110, 117, 142 Bioterrorism, 15, 16, 142 Bladder, 142, 160, 182, 183 Bloating, 142, 160, 162 Blood Coagulation, 142, 144, 176, 180 Blood pressure, 142, 166, 178 Blood vessel, 142, 152, 158, 162, 178, 180, 181, 183 Blot, 18, 143 Body Fluids, 143, 154, 178 Body Regions, 143, 146 Bone Marrow, 143, 160, 164, 166 Bowel, 4, 98, 139, 143, 150, 152, 161, 162, 163, 170, 179 Bowel Movement, 98, 143, 150, 179 Brachytherapy, 143, 161, 162, 174, 184 Bradykinin, 143, 168, 172 Branch, 118, 131, 143, 151, 170, 174, 178, 180 Breakdown, 143, 150, 155 Broad-spectrum, 139, 143 Bronchi, 143, 152, 180, 181 Bronchial, 143, 158, 180 Bronchodilator, 143, 146 Buccal, 143, 164 Bulimia, 98, 143 C Caffeine, 98, 143 Calcium, 84, 94, 143, 144, 146 Calculi, 144, 157 Calicivirus, 95, 102, 144, 183 Calpain, 8, 144 Campylobacter, 4, 26, 34, 39, 59, 102, 111, 144 Campylobacter Infections, 4, 144 Capillary, 5, 43, 143, 144, 183 Capsules, 144, 156 Carbohydrate, 144, 168, 172 Carbon Dioxide, 144, 148, 149, 154, 176 Carcinogenic, 19, 144, 161, 173 Cardiac, 143, 144, 151, 152, 167, 176 Carrier State, 45, 144 Case report, 39, 73, 144 Caspases, 8, 144 Causal, 67, 144, 152, 158, 177 Cecum, 20, 144, 163 Celiac Disease, 98, 99, 144 Cell Death, 140, 145, 167 Cell Division, 141, 145, 166, 171 Cell membrane, 84, 94, 145, 162, 171 Cell Movement, 7, 145 Cell Physiology, 29, 145 Cell proliferation, 14, 145 Cell Respiration, 145, 166, 176 Cell Size, 145, 154 Cellular Structures, 145, 166 Cellulose, 145, 171 Central Nervous System, 137, 138, 143, 145, 156, 157, 177, 180 Chemokines, 11, 145 Child Care, 102, 145 Chlorophyll, 145, 148 Chloroplasts, 145, 148 Cholera, 9, 102, 145, 177, 183 Cholesterol, 98, 99, 142, 145, 155, 163 Chromatin, 140, 145 Chromosomal, 20, 139, 145, 172 Chromosome, 145, 156, 157 Chronic, 145, 159, 161, 163, 169, 179, 182 Civilization, 4, 146 Clenbuterol, 40, 49, 146 Clinical trial, 5, 117, 146, 174, 175 Cloning, 29, 142, 146 Codons, 146, 156, 169 Cofactor, 146, 173, 180 Cohort Studies, 146, 152 Colic, 98, 146 Colitis, 24, 98, 146, 161, 162 Collagen, 146, 156, 172, 173 Colloidal, 146, 151, 177 Colorectal, 98, 146 Colorectal Cancer, 98, 146 Complement, 146, 147, 156, 164, 171, 177 Complementary and alternative medicine, 79, 82, 147 Complementary medicine, 79, 147 Complementation, 20, 147 Computational Biology, 117, 147 Concomitant, 24, 147 Conduction, 147, 180 Index 187 Conjunctiva, 147, 161 Conjunctivitis, 23, 147 Connective Tissue, 143, 146, 147, 156 Constipation, 84, 94, 98, 99, 147, 162 Consumption, 15, 40, 42, 49, 50, 56, 92, 147, 149, 155, 176 Contamination, 5, 10, 16, 25, 87, 92, 106, 122, 141, 147, 155, 176 Contraindications, ii, 147 Coronary, 147, 165 Coronary Thrombosis, 147, 165 Cross-Sectional Studies, 148, 152 Crystallization, 29, 148 Culture Media, 86, 138, 148 Curative, 148, 180 Cutaneous, 139, 148, 162, 164, 170, 183 Cyanobacteria, 22, 148 Cyclic, 7, 8, 17, 143, 144, 148, 157, 168, 180 Cysteine, 144, 145, 148 Cysteine Endopeptidases, 144, 148 Cytokines, 15, 145, 148 Cytoplasm, 140, 145, 148, 151, 166, 167 Cytoskeletal Proteins, 144, 148 Cytoskeleton, 7, 148 Cytotoxic, 88, 148, 175 Cytotoxicity, 20, 148 D Dairy Products, 36, 87, 148 Databases, Bibliographic, 117, 149 Decarboxylation, 142, 149, 158 Decubitus, 62, 149 Decubitus Ulcer, 62, 149 Degenerative, 149, 158 Dehydration, 145, 149 Deletion, 21, 140, 149 Dendrites, 149 Dendritic, 18, 149 Dendritic cell, 18, 149 Density, 6, 149, 154, 163, 168, 178 Dental Caries, 22, 149 Deprivation, 21, 149 Depsipeptide, 8, 149 Dermatitis, 23, 149 Detoxification, 21, 149 Deuterium, 149, 159 Developed Countries, 24, 149, 154 Diagnostic procedure, 83, 110, 149 Diagnostic Services, 149, 174 Dialyzer, 149, 157 Diaphragm, 150, 158 Diarrhoea, 43, 150, 155 Dietitian, 105, 106, 150 Digestion, 6, 138, 142, 143, 150, 151, 160, 162, 163, 179, 183 Digestive system, 84, 94, 150 Digestive tract, 98, 150, 178 Dilatation, 150, 173 Diploid, 147, 150, 171 Direct, iii, 10, 13, 21, 29, 44, 70, 84, 87, 89, 90, 94, 150, 175 Disease Outbreaks, 16, 150 Disinfection, 13, 150 Dissociation, 137, 150 Distal, 150, 151 Diuresis, 143, 150, 180 Diverticula, 150 Diverticulitis, 98, 99, 150 Diverticulum, 150 Drive, ii, vi, 75, 102, 108, 111, 150 Drug Interactions, 150 Drug Resistance, 70, 150, 151 Drug Tolerance, 150, 151 Duodenum, 142, 151, 179 Dura mater, 151, 165, 169 Dyes, 13, 151, 154, 170 Dysentery, 4, 8, 9, 43, 151 Dyspepsia, 151, 160 E Effector, 11, 12, 21, 137, 146, 151 Efficacy, 15, 151 Egg Yolk, 35, 93, 151 Electrode, 6, 151 Electrolyte, 102, 134, 151, 154, 163, 172, 178, 182 Electrophoresis, 31, 33, 40, 42, 151, 160 Embryo, 151, 160 Emergency Medicine, 65, 98, 151 Emergency Treatment, 151 Emetic, 44, 46, 70, 151 Emulsions, 138, 151 Enamel, 149, 151 Endemic, 145, 152, 164, 179 Endothelium, 152, 168 Endothelium-derived, 152, 168 Enteritis, 93, 152 Enterococcus, 71, 152 Enterocolitis, 11, 27, 152 Enterotoxins, 12, 152 Environmental Exposure, 23, 152 Environmental Health, 23, 33, 59, 60, 116, 118, 152 Environmental Pollutants, 152, 172 Enzymatic, 26, 142, 144, 147, 149, 152, 158 188 Food Poisoning Enzyme, 151, 152, 153, 157, 158, 163, 165, 171, 172, 180, 184 Epidemic, 45, 55, 60, 80, 92, 152, 179 Epidemiologic Factors, 102, 152 Epidemiologic Studies, 60, 152 Epidemiological, 27, 30, 32, 33, 38, 45, 46, 152 Epigastric, 152, 169 Epinephrine, 142, 152, 182 Epithelial, 17, 18, 152, 158 Epithelial Cells, 18, 152, 158 Erythema, 152, 183 Erythrocytes, 139, 143, 144, 152, 158, 175, 177 Esophagus, 150, 153, 157, 171, 175, 179 Ether, 17, 153 Eukaryotic Cells, 148, 153, 160, 169 Evacuation, 147, 153, 163 Excipients, 153, 154, 170 Excitation, 153, 154 Excrete, 140, 153, 163 Exhaustion, 139, 153, 164 Exocrine, 153, 169 Exogenous, 137, 153 Exotoxin, 12, 29, 153 External-beam radiation, 153, 162, 174, 184 Extracellular, 8, 147, 153, 178 F Family Planning, 117, 153 Fat, 32, 34, 99, 118, 143, 149, 153, 163, 168, 172 Fatigue, 118, 153 Fatty acids, 22, 84, 94, 153, 177 Feces, 87, 89, 147, 153, 179 Fermentation, 153, 155, 176 Fetus, 153, 173 Filtration, 87, 153, 163 Fish Products, 153, 177 Fixation, 153, 177 Flatus, 154, 155 Flavoring Agents, 154, 170 Flow Cytometry, 17, 25, 154 Fluid Therapy, 102, 154 Fluorescence, 17, 30, 154 Fluorescent Dyes, 154 Fold, 29, 154 Food Additives, 123, 154 Food Chain, 92, 154 Food Coloring Agents, 154 Food Handling, 5, 100, 106, 111, 154 Food Inspection, 89, 108, 155 Food Preservatives, 154, 155 Food Services, 27, 155 Foodborne Illness, 3, 4, 27, 106, 155 Fractionation, 138, 155 Frameshift, 155, 182 Frameshift Mutation, 155, 182 Fumigation, 137, 155 Fungi, 106, 155, 165, 166, 167, 179, 184 Fungicide, 59, 155 G Gallbladder, 137, 142, 150, 155 Gallstones, 98, 155 Gangrenous, 155, 177 Gas, 98, 144, 154, 155, 159, 160, 162, 168, 180 Gastric, 141, 155, 157, 158, 179 Gastritis, 81, 93, 98, 99, 155 Gastroenteritis, 98, 99, 102, 141, 155, 176 Gastrointestinal, 4, 14, 20, 24, 36, 37, 68, 98, 102, 143, 152, 155, 163, 165, 177, 180, 183 Gastrointestinal tract, 4, 102, 155, 163, 177 Gavage, 154, 155 Gelatin, 88, 148, 156, 180 Gene, 12, 14, 21, 24, 25, 28, 68, 86, 87, 89, 90, 101, 142, 156, 169, 175 Gene Amplification, 89, 90, 156 Gene Expression, 13, 24, 28, 156 Genetic Code, 156, 168 Genetic Engineering, 91, 142, 146, 156 Genetics, 19, 21, 22, 29, 156, 166 Genomics, 29, 156 Genotype, 94, 95, 156, 171 Gestation, 156, 170 Gland, 156, 165, 169, 177, 179, 181 Glucose, 68, 145, 156, 157, 171 Glutamic Acid, 156, 173 Gluten, 144, 156 Glycine, 156, 164 Goats, 148, 156 Gout, 99, 156 Governing Board, 157, 173 Graft, 157, 158 Gram-negative, 22, 90, 91, 148, 157, 172, 174, 176, 183, 184 Gram-Negative Bacteria, 22, 148, 157, 172 Gram-positive, 22, 28, 29, 91, 152, 157, 179 Gram-Positive Bacteria, 22, 28, 157 Guanylate Cyclase, 157, 168 H Habitat, 92, 157 Handwashing, 106, 157 Index 189 Haploid, 157, 171 Haptens, 137, 157 Headache, 134, 143, 157, 161 Health Promotion, 106, 157 Heartburn, 98, 99, 157, 158, 160 Hemodialysis, 111, 149, 157, 163 Hemoglobin, 139, 153, 157 Hemolymph, 90, 158 Hemolysis, 152, 158 Hemolytic, 24, 158 Hepatitis, 98, 111, 158 Hepatocytes, 158 Heredity, 156, 158 Heterogeneity, 137, 158 Heterotrophic, 155, 158 Hiatal Hernia, 98, 99, 158 Histamine, 38, 52, 54, 142, 158 Histidine, 158 Homeopathic remedies, 98, 158 Homologous, 29, 158, 177 Hormone, 142, 152, 158, 162, 181 Horseradish Peroxidase, 10, 158 Host, 6, 9, 11, 12, 17, 20, 21, 24, 27, 28, 29, 141, 144, 154, 158, 160, 184 Host-cell, 9, 158 Humoral, 18, 159 Humour, 159 Hybrid, 159 Hybridization, 70, 88, 159, 166 Hydrogen, 21, 138, 142, 144, 149, 159, 166, 167, 168, 169, 174, 180 Hydrogen Peroxide, 21, 159, 180 Hydrolysis, 88, 141, 159, 171, 172 Hyperaemia, 147, 159 Hypersensitivity, 138, 159, 177 Hyperuricemia, 157, 159 Hypotonic Solutions, 159, 166 Hysteria, 45, 159 I Ice Cream, 93, 159 Id, 77, 81, 123, 130, 132, 159 Ileal, 27, 159 Ileum, 144, 159 Immune response, 12, 18, 137, 139, 140, 141, 157, 159, 160, 164, 177, 180, 184 Immune Sera, 159, 160 Immune system, 122, 140, 141, 158, 159, 160, 164, 170, 183, 184 Immunity, 18, 30, 159, 181 Immunization, 93, 160, 177 Immunoassay, 13, 160 Immunocompromised, 29, 102, 160 Immunodiffusion, 138, 160 Immunoelectrophoresis, 138, 160 Immunologic, 23, 160, 175 Immunology, 11, 19, 21, 24, 27, 33, 44, 55, 63, 70, 137, 154, 158, 160 Implant radiation, 160, 161, 162, 174, 184 Impregnation, 13, 160 In situ, 6, 25, 160 In Situ Hybridization, 25, 160 In vitro, 7, 11, 14, 18, 19, 24, 25, 26, 29, 61, 80, 160, 176, 181 In vivo, 7, 8, 11, 14, 15, 18, 19, 21, 26, 27, 30, 160 Incision, 160, 162 Incontinence, 98, 160 Incubated, 13, 160 Incubation, 13, 85, 160 Indicative, 99, 160, 170, 183 Indigestion, 98, 99, 160, 163 Induction, 8, 24, 28, 30, 160 Industrial Waste, 6, 161 Infancy, 99, 161 Infarction, 148, 161, 165 Infectious Diarrhea, 102, 161 Inflammatory bowel disease, 98, 161 Influenza, 98, 161 Ingestion, 8, 12, 17, 23, 48, 139, 161, 172, 176 Inhalation, 23, 137, 161, 172 Initiation, 28, 161, 178, 179 Inner ear, 161, 183 Insecticides, 161, 170 Intensive Care, 7, 161 Intensive Care Units, 7, 161 Intermittent, 154, 161, 170 Internal radiation, 161, 162, 174, 184 Interstitial, 143, 159, 161, 162, 184 Intestinal, 4, 11, 17, 20, 24, 27, 86, 92, 144, 152, 161, 164 Intestine, 18, 20, 143, 146, 152, 162, 163, 179 Intoxication, 19, 162, 181 Intracellular, 18, 21, 28, 29, 143, 144, 161, 162, 168, 172 Intravenous, 71, 134, 162 Intrinsic, 138, 162 Invasive, 28, 54, 102, 159, 162 Invertebrates, 158, 162 Iodine, 21, 162 Ionizing, 152, 162, 175 Ions, 142, 150, 151, 159, 162, 166, 172 Irradiation, 3, 61, 99, 108, 162, 184 190 Food Poisoning Irritable Bowel Syndrome, 98, 99, 162 Irritants, 151, 162 Ischemia, 149, 162 Isotonic, 162, 166 J Joint, 12, 101, 162 K Kb, 29, 116, 162 Keratolytic, 149, 162 Kidney Failure, 111, 163 Kidney Failure, Acute, 163 Kidney Failure, Chronic, 163 L Lactose Intolerance, 98, 163 Lag, 16, 163 Large Intestine, 144, 146, 150, 162, 163, 175, 178 Latent, 163, 173 Laxative, 138, 163 Lethal, 11, 27, 141, 163 Leukocytes, 143, 145, 148, 163, 166 Library Services, 130, 163 Life cycle, 155, 163 Ligands, 15, 163 Lipid, 151, 163 Lipophilic, 163, 172 Lipopolysaccharide, 18, 22, 157, 163 Lipoprotein, 157, 163 Liver, 40, 50, 102, 137, 142, 144, 150, 153, 155, 158, 163, 180 Localized, 149, 154, 161, 164, 171, 182, 183 Locomotion, 164, 171 Longitudinal study, 15, 164 Loop, 27, 164 Lumen, 18, 164 Lupus, 98, 164 Lymphatic, 152, 161, 164, 181 Lymphocyte, 18, 140, 164 Lymphoid, 139, 164 Lymphoma, 50, 164 Lysostaphin, 37, 164 Lytic, 24, 164, 177, 184 M Macrophage, 9, 18, 164 Major Histocompatibility Complex, 14, 164 Malabsorption, 99, 144, 164 Malaria, 58, 164, 165 Malaria, Falciparum, 164, 165 Malaria, Vivax, 164, 165 Malnutrition, 99, 165 Marine Toxins, 17, 165 Mastitis, 165, 177 Meat, 4, 37, 40, 57, 63, 88, 92, 123, 165 Meat Products, 37, 165 Mediate, 18, 29, 165 Medical Records, 165, 176 MEDLINE, 117, 165 Melanin, 165, 171, 182 Membrane, 30, 145, 147, 149, 153, 157, 165, 167, 169, 171, 172, 176 Memory, 139, 165 Meninges, 145, 151, 165 Meningitis, 5, 40, 165 Mental Health, iv, 5, 116, 119, 165, 174 Mercury, 6, 15, 58, 59, 154, 165 Metabolic disorder, 156, 165 Methicillin Resistance, 25, 165 MI, 105, 135, 165 Microbe, 165, 181 Microbiological, 7, 41, 92, 100, 166 Microorganism, 85, 146, 166, 170, 184 Micro-organism, 61, 80, 101, 149, 166, 177 Microscopy, 17, 19, 21, 25, 30, 158, 166 Migration, 11, 18, 166 Mitochondria, 9, 166, 169 Mitochondrial Swelling, 70, 166, 167 Mitosis, 140, 166 Modeling, 19, 23, 166 Modification, 15, 156, 166 Molecular, 6, 7, 11, 12, 14, 19, 20, 21, 24, 27, 29, 31, 57, 117, 120, 139, 140, 142, 147, 166, 180 Molecular Probes, 24, 166 Molecular Structure, 140, 166 Molecule, 19, 140, 142, 147, 150, 151, 152, 153, 156, 159, 166, 168, 169, 171, 172, 175, 183 Monitor, 6, 24, 166, 168 Monoclonal, 162, 166, 174, 184 Monocytes, 9, 163, 166 Mononuclear, 166 Motion Sickness, 166, 167 Mucosa, 11, 144, 152, 164, 167 Mucus, 151, 167 Mutagenesis, 20, 21, 25, 167 Mutagens, 155, 167 Mutate, 25, 167 Myalgia, 161, 167 Mycotoxins, 138, 167 Myocardium, 165, 167 Myofibrils, 144, 167 N Nasal Mucosa, 161, 167 Index 191 Nausea, 4, 118, 119, 134, 155, 160, 167, 182 Necrosis, 33, 140, 161, 165, 167, 176 Need, 3, 6, 24, 26, 27, 97, 99, 101, 102, 105, 110, 118, 122, 124, 137, 167 Neoplastic, 164, 167 Nerve, 149, 167, 169, 176, 179 Nervous System, 139, 145, 167, 180, 182 Neural, 159, 167 Neurologic, 4, 167 Neurologic Manifestations, 4, 167 Neuromuscular, 4, 137, 167, 176, 180, 182 Neuropeptides, 144, 167 Neurotoxic, 58, 167, 177 Neurotoxin, 17, 167 Neutrons, 162, 167, 174 Neutrophil, 11, 168 Nitric Oxide, 21, 168 Nitrogen, 21, 138, 148, 154, 163, 168 Nosocomial, 7, 12, 25, 168 Nuclear, 153, 167, 168 Nuclei, 4, 156, 166, 167, 168, 174 Nucleic acid, 25, 90, 92, 94, 95, 142, 156, 159, 160, 167, 168 Nucleic Acid Hybridization, 159, 168 Nucleocapsid, 168, 181 Nucleus, 140, 145, 148, 149, 153, 166, 168, 174, 179 Nutritive Value, 154, 168 O Occupational Exposure, 23, 168 Oliguria, 163, 168 Opacity, 149, 168 Open Reading Frames, 29, 168 Operon, 21, 169, 175 Organ Culture, 169, 181 Organelles, 148, 166, 169 Organophosphorus Compounds, 48, 169 Osmotic, 159, 166, 169, 177 Osteoporosis, 98, 169 Ovaries, 169, 180 Oxidation, 140, 169 P Pachymeningitis, 165, 169 Palate, 84, 94, 169 Palliative, 169, 180 Pancreas, 102, 137, 150, 169 Pancreatic, 98, 169 Pancreatic cancer, 98, 169 Pancreatitis, 33, 169 Paralysis, 5, 169, 178, 180 Parasite, 154, 170, 182 Parasitic, 151, 170 Paresthesia, 170, 180 Patch, 23, 170 Pathogen, 8, 9, 10, 17, 18, 21, 25, 27, 29, 87, 88, 89, 92, 160, 170 Pathogenesis, 11, 15, 20, 21, 25, 28, 29, 50, 170 Pathologic, 140, 147, 159, 170 Pathologic Processes, 140, 170 Pathophysiology, 102, 170 Patient Education, 122, 128, 130, 135, 170 Penicillin, 25, 29, 139, 165, 170, 183 Peptide, 14, 90, 91, 164, 170, 172, 173, 180 Perinatal, 58, 170 Peritoneal, 102, 111, 170 Peritoneal Cavity, 170 Peritoneal Dialysis, 111, 170 Peritoneum, 170 Pesticides, 99, 161, 170 Phagocyte, 21, 170 Pharmaceutic Aids, 154, 170 Pharmaceutical Preparations, 145, 156, 170 Pharmacologic, 171, 181 Pharynx, 161, 171 Phenotype, 7, 18, 27, 147, 171 Phenylalanine, 171, 182 Phosphates, 88, 171 Phospholipases, 29, 171 Phospholipids, 153, 163, 171 Phosphorus, 144, 169, 171 Phosphorylase, 144, 171 Physical Examination, 23, 102, 171 Physiologic, 138, 142, 162, 171, 175 Physiology, 98, 171 Pigment, 93, 142, 145, 171 Pilot study, 43, 171 Plants, 87, 141, 142, 144, 145, 154, 156, 171, 179, 181 Plasma, 139, 145, 156, 158, 159, 163, 171, 177 Plasma cells, 139, 171 Plasma protein, 171, 177 Plasmid, 20, 46, 72, 156, 172, 183 Platelet Aggregation, 168, 172 Platelets, 144, 168, 172, 177 Platinum, 164, 172 Polybrominated Biphenyls, 22, 172 Polychlorinated Biphenyls, 22, 172 Polymerase, 172, 175, 178 Polymorphic, 31, 57, 172 Polypeptide, 14, 138, 146, 159, 172, 173, 184 192 Food Poisoning Polyposis, 146, 172 Polysaccharide, 53, 140, 145, 172 Porins, 17, 172 Posterior, 139, 169, 172 Postmenopausal, 169, 172 Postnatal, 15, 172 Potassium, 8, 40, 172, 183 Potentiates, 21, 173 Potentiating, 20, 173 Practice Guidelines, 119, 173 Precursor, 151, 152, 171, 173, 182, 183 Predisposition, 21, 173 Prenatal, 15, 151, 173 Prevalence, 21, 23, 173 Probe, 9, 19, 25, 173 Progression, 30, 139, 173 Progressive, 151, 157, 163, 167, 173 Proline, 25, 146, 173 Promoter, 12, 173 Proportional, 156, 173 Prospective study, 164, 173 Protein C, 20, 29, 138, 141, 163, 173 Protein Conformation, 138, 173 Protein S, 101, 142, 156, 173, 179 Proteus, 106, 174 Protocol, 26, 174 Protons, 159, 162, 174 Protozoa, 9, 151, 166, 174, 179 Public Health Nursing, 16, 174 Public Policy, 117, 174 Publishing, 4, 30, 174 Pulmonary, 142, 147, 163, 174 Pulmonary Edema, 163, 174 Pulse, 166, 174 Purulent, 137, 174 Pyrogenic, 15, 29, 31, 174 R Race, 166, 174 Radiation, 152, 153, 154, 155, 161, 162, 174, 175, 184 Radiation therapy, 153, 155, 161, 162, 174, 184 Radioactive, 4, 159, 160, 161, 162, 166, 168, 174, 175, 184 Radiolabeled, 162, 174, 175, 184 Radiological, 50, 175 Radiology, 175 Radiotherapy, 143, 162, 175, 184 Randomized, 16, 151, 175 Reactive Oxygen Species, 21, 175 Receptor, 7, 14, 18, 19, 20, 86, 140, 175, 177, 180 Recombinant, 14, 86, 90, 175, 183 Rectum, 140, 143, 146, 150, 154, 155, 160, 161, 163, 175, 180 Red blood cells, 152, 158, 175 Refer, 1, 143, 146, 153, 155, 164, 168, 175 Reflective, 27, 175 Reflux, 98, 175 Refraction, 175, 179 Regimen, 151, 175 Regulon, 28, 175 Regurgitation, 157, 175 Repressor, 20, 169, 175 Respiration, 144, 166, 175, 176 Respiratory Paralysis, 176, 177 Resuscitation, 151, 176 Retinoids, 176, 184 Retrospective, 16, 47, 176 Retrospective study, 47, 176 Reversion, 176, 182 Rhabdomyolysis, 33, 176 Rhinitis, 176, 177 Rigidity, 171, 176 Risk factor, 23, 63, 106, 152, 173, 176 Ristocetin, 176, 183 Rod, 141, 174, 176, 184 Rodenticides, 170, 176 Rotavirus, 102, 176 S Salivary, 150, 169, 176 Salivary glands, 150, 176 Salmonella enteritidis, 33, 42, 51, 52, 93, 176 Salmonella Food Poisoning, 32, 57, 63, 72, 100, 176 Salmonellosis, 6, 17, 64, 92, 102, 176 Sanitation, 9, 61, 106, 177 Saprophyte, 141, 177 Saturate, 86, 177 Saxitoxin, 19, 177 Scatter, 25, 177 Screening, 5, 10, 92, 146, 177 Seafood, 19, 23, 24, 39, 44, 108, 111, 177 Secretion, 6, 11, 158, 159, 167, 177, 183 Senile, 169, 177 Sensitization, 23, 177 Sensor, 12, 177 Sepsis, 29, 32, 177 Septic, 174, 177 Septicaemia, 177 Serologic, 160, 177 Serotonin, 142, 177 Serotypes, 11, 24, 65, 141, 177 Index 193 Serum, 10, 90, 140, 146, 159, 162, 163, 177 Serum Albumin, 10, 177 Sexually Transmitted Diseases, 98, 177 Shock, 15, 29, 31, 178, 182 Side effect, 137, 159, 178, 181 Sigma Factor, 28, 178 Signs and Symptoms, 167, 178, 182 Silicon, 17, 27, 178 Silicon Dioxide, 178 Skeletal, 167, 176, 178 Skeleton, 137, 162, 178 Skull, 178, 180 Small intestine, 27, 142, 144, 151, 152, 158, 159, 162, 178 Smallpox, 9, 178 Smooth muscle, 143, 144, 158, 178, 180 Snails, 68, 178 Sodium, 157, 178 Somatic, 159, 166, 178 Sound wave, 147, 175, 178 Spastic, 162, 178 Specialist, 124, 178 Specificity, 5, 26, 28, 31, 92, 138, 140, 179 Spectrum, 15, 39, 179, 184 Spinal cord, 145, 151, 165, 167, 169, 176, 179 Spirometry, 23, 179 Sporadic, 41, 46, 60, 68, 95, 179 Spores, 141, 179 Stimulant, 138, 143, 158, 179, 183 Stimulus, 150, 151, 153, 163, 179 Stomach, 52, 98, 137, 141, 150, 153, 155, 158, 167, 170, 171, 175, 178, 179 Stomach Ulcer, 98, 179 Stool, 160, 162, 163, 179, 180 Strand, 87, 172, 179 Streptococcal, 29, 179 Streptococci, 22, 179 Streptococcus, 22, 152, 179 Streptomycin, 57, 179 Stress, 21, 28, 102, 155, 162, 167, 173, 179, 183 Subacute, 161, 179 Subclinical, 161, 179 Subspecies, 179, 180 Substance P, 176, 177, 179, 180 Suction, 153, 180 Superantigens, 12, 14, 29, 180 Superoxide, 21, 180 Superoxide Dismutase, 21, 180 Suppositories, 156, 180 Symptomatic, 23, 169, 180 Synergistic, 21, 180 Systemic, 4, 24, 142, 152, 161, 162, 174, 180, 181, 184 T Teichoic Acids, 157, 180 Temporal, 30, 180 Tenesmus, 151, 180 Tetrodotoxin, 53, 68, 180 Theophylline, 22, 180 Therapeutics, 15, 29, 180 Thrombin, 172, 173, 180 Thrombomodulin, 173, 180 Thrombosis, 173, 181 Thymus, 160, 164, 181 Thyroid, 21, 162, 181, 182 Thyroid Gland, 181 Thyroiditis, 21, 181 Tissue Culture, 19, 28, 181 Topical, 141, 159, 181 Torovirus, 102, 181 Toxemia, 48, 181 Toxic, iv, 6, 8, 15, 22, 24, 29, 31, 32, 71, 138, 141, 148, 152, 153, 159, 165, 172, 181, 183 Toxicity, 8, 15, 22, 25, 71, 150, 165, 176, 181 Toxicology, 33, 43, 47, 48, 52, 80, 118, 181 Toxins, 8, 10, 12, 14, 17, 19, 24, 26, 29, 37, 42, 53, 55, 58, 60, 87, 140, 142, 161, 165, 167, 181 Toxoid, 86, 181 Trace element, 178, 181 Tracer, 158, 181 Trachea, 143, 171, 181 Transfection, 142, 181 Transfer Factor, 160, 181 Transplantation, 33, 160, 163, 164, 181 Trauma, 157, 167, 169, 182, 184 Trichomoniasis, 98, 182 Tuberculosis, 102, 147, 164, 182 TYPHI, 9, 182 Typhimurium, 9, 11, 13, 20, 27, 35, 36, 46, 55, 59, 60, 62, 92, 93, 182 Typhoid fever, 9, 20, 102, 182 Tyramine, 142, 182 Tyrosine, 8, 182 U Ulcer, 149, 179, 182 Ulceration, 149, 182 Unconscious, 159, 182 Uraemia, 169, 182 Uremia, 163, 182 Ureters, 182 Urethra, 182, 183 194 Food Poisoning Uric, 157, 159, 182 Urinary, 4, 144, 160, 168, 174, 182 Urinary tract, 4, 174, 182 Urinary tract infection, 5, 174, 182 Urine, 140, 142, 150, 160, 163, 168, 182, 183 Urticaria, 23, 183 V Vaccine, 5, 14, 15, 86, 137, 174, 183 Vacuoles, 29, 169, 183 Valine, 183 Valinomycin, 8, 183 Vancomycin, 7, 22, 25, 183 Vascular, 152, 161, 168, 181, 183 Vasculitis, 169, 183 Vasodilator, 143, 158, 183 Vector, 86, 183 Vegetarianism, 98, 183 Vein, 162, 168, 183 Venous, 173, 183 Venules, 143, 144, 183 Vesicular, 144, 178, 183 Vesicular Exanthema of Swine, 144, 183 Vesicular Exanthema of Swine Virus, 144, 183 Veterinary Medicine, 28, 117, 183 Vibrio, 9, 31, 36, 43, 49, 57, 63, 70, 72, 73, 80, 89, 91, 102, 111, 145, 183 Vibrio cholerae, 102, 145, 183 Villous, 144, 183 Viral, 95, 102, 161, 183 Virulence, 7, 9, 11, 12, 15, 20, 24, 27, 28, 29, 55, 141, 181, 184 Virulent, 9, 12, 184 Virus, 94, 95, 111, 141, 156, 158, 168, 178, 181, 183, 184 Vitamin A, 119, 184 Vitro, 25, 26, 184 Vivo, 11, 15, 30, 184 W Welchii, 45, 48, 59, 61, 69, 184 White blood cell, 139, 160, 163, 164, 167, 168, 171, 184 Windpipe, 171, 181, 184 Wound Infection, 25, 184 X Xenograft, 139, 184 X-ray, 154, 162, 168, 174, 175, 184 X-ray therapy, 162, 184 Y Yeasts, 155, 171, 184 Yersinia, 9, 27, 35, 102, 184 Z Zymogen, 173, 184 Index 195 196 Food Poisoning ... 82 CHAPTER PATENTS ON FOOD POISONING 83 Overview 83 Patents on Food Poisoning 83 Patent Applications on Food Poisoning 91 Keeping... Chapters on Food Poisoning 101 CHAPTER MULTIMEDIA ON FOOD POISONING 105 Overview 105 Video Recordings 105 Bibliography: Multimedia on Food Poisoning. .. outbreaks of foodborne illness that may affect hundreds to thousands of people The increased market for convenience foods makes Food Poisoning careful handling and storage of foods mandatory, but food