After reading chapter 13, you should be able to: Discuss the importance of benefits as a part of employee compensation, summarize the types of employee benefits required by law, describe the most common forms of paid leave, identify the kinds of insurance benefits offered by employers,...
Fundamentals of Human Resource Management 11e Chapter 13 Ensuring a Safe and Healthy Work Introduction § § § Management has both legal and moral responsibilities to provide a safe and healthy workplace Workrelated accidents, injuries, and illnesses are costly Approximately 4,500 workrelated deaths and approximately 3.1 million injuries and illness are reported each year in the United States Fundamentals of Human Resource The Occupational Safety and Health Act OSHA § § § § § Created by Occupational Safety and Health Act in 1970 Established health and safety standards and empowered OSH Administration to ensure standards are met Authorized inspections and fines for violations Requires employers to keep records of illnesses and injuries, and calculate accident ratios Applies to almost every U.S. business engaged in interstate commerce Fundamentals of Human Resource TheOccupationalSafetyand HealthAct OSHAsSixInspectionPriorities Đ Imminentdanger Đ Fatalitiesandcatastrophes § Where an accident is about to occur Accidents that have led to serious injuries or death must be reported within 8 hours Employee complaints • Employees have right to call OSHA Fundamentals of Human Resource The Occupational Safety and HealthAct Đ Referrals Đ Followưups Đ fromotherfederal,stateorlocalagencies,individuals,or newsmedia inspection of industries with the highest injury or illness rates Planned or Programmed Investigations • of industries with high injury rates meat processing roofing and sheet metal lumber and wood products Fundamentals of Human Resource chemical processing transportation warehousing TheOccupationalSafetyand HealthAct OSHAsRecordưKeepingRequirements Đ Industrieswithhighincidencesofinjury(incidentrates)must keeprecordsforOSHA § § Form 300 must be maintained by employers Must report any workrelated illness; report injuries that require medical treatment besides first aid, involve loss of consciousness, restriction of work or motion, or transfer to another job Incidence rate: number of illnesses, injuries or lost workdays as it relates to a common base of fulltime employees Fundamentals of Human Resource Must an injury or illness at work be recorded? Fundamentals of Human The Occupational Safety and Health Act OSHA Punitive Actions § § § Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1990 allows fines up to $70,000 if violation is severe, willful and repetitive Fines can be for safety violations or failure to keep adequate records Courts have backed criminal charges against executives when they have willfully violated health and safety laws FundamentalsofHumanResource OSHA:AResourceforEmployers OSHAProvides Đ Đ Educationandtrainingforemployeesandemployers Assistancewithcreatingasaferworkplace • • • Developing management commitment Facilitating employee involvement Worksite analysis to analyze possible hazards Hazard prevention and control Training for employees, supervisors and managers Fundamentals of Human Resource OSHA: A Resource for Employers The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) § Researches work hazards and sets OSHA standards § Makes recommendations to prevent work related illness and injury Fundamentals of Human Resource 10 Contemporary Safety and Health Issues smokefree environment Smoking results in higher costs in several ways § Higher absenteeism § Lost productivity due to breaks § Disciplinary and accident rates § Increased healthcare costs • • More frequent hospitalization Longer hospital stays Fundamentals of Human Resource 15 Contemporary Safety and Health Issues smokefree environment Employers discourage smoking by: § Prohibiting smoking during work hours § Banning smoking on premises § Requiring employees to quit smoking § Requiring larger contribution to health insurance for smokers Fundamentals of Human Resource 16 Contemporary Safety and Health Issues repetitive stress injuries § § § Injuries resulting from continuous, repetitive movements, such as typing. Also referred to as musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) The most frequent injury is carpal tunnel syndrome, which occurs in the wrist Ergonomics, or fitting the work environment to the individual, can prevent repetitive motion injuries Fundamentals of Human Resource 17 Contemporary Safety and Health Issues STRESS! § § We feel negative stress in the face of constraints, demands, and pressure Significant costs to U.S. corporations annually in healthcare claims The American Institute of Stress, www.stress.org, offers a wealth of information, including this questionnaire that assesses stress levels: http://www.stress.org/workplacestress/ Fundamentals of Human Resource 18 Major sources of stress Fundamentals of Human Resource 19 Contemporary Safety and Health Issues Fundamentals of Human Resource 20 Contemporary Safety and Health Issues Symptoms of Stress Fundamentals of Human Resource 21 Contemporary Safety and Health Issues Đ WhatHRcandotoreduceemployeestress Matchindividualstotheirjobs Clarifyexpectations Redesignjobs Offerinvolvementandparticipation FundamentalsofHumanResource 22 ContemporarySafetyandHealth Issues ReducingStress Đ DilemmasforHRMinclude: Balancing the need to energize people with the need to minimize dysfunctional stress Deciding how much an employer can intrude on employees’ personal lives Fundamentals of Human Resource 23 Contemporary Safety and Health Issues § Burnout is a function of three concerns: • • • § Chronic emotional stress with emotional and/or physical exhaustion Lowered job productivity Dehumanizing of jobs Four techniques HR can use to reduce burnout: • • • • Identification Prevention Mediation Remediation CareerBuilder has a quiz to help diagnose burnout Click here Fundamentals of Human Resource 24 Employee Assistance Programs § Employee Assistance Programs (EAPs) are costeffective counseling to help employees overcome problems such as: § § § § Substance abuse Bereavement Childparent problems Marriage problems Fundamentals of Human Resource 25 The Employee Assistance Program EAP Services § § § § § Employees visits with counselors at company expense; usually visits are offsite Help control rising health insurance costs Confidentiality is guaranteed For every dollar spent on EAP programs, studies estimate a return of $5.00 to $16.00 in savings Employees and supervisors must be familiar with and trust the program and perceive EAPs as worthwhile Fundamentals of Human Resource 26 Wellness Programs Wellness Programs § § § § § § Keep employees healthy; include smoking cessation, physical fitness, weight control, etc. Designed to cut employer health costs and lower absenteeism Employees must view programs as having value Must have top management support Should also provide services for employees’ families Need opportunities for employee input FundamentalsofHumanResource 27 InternationalSafetyandHealth Healthandsafetyconcernsforforeignworkassignments Đ Healthrelateditems Đ Upưtoưdatehealthcertificateprovidingrecordsofemployeevaccinations General first aid kit that includes overthecounter and prescription medications and other supplies that might not be available to U.S. workers abroad Safety concerns • Emergency plans help expatriates anticipate medical needs and locate resources • U.S. Department of State “hotline” provides travel alerts about such issues as terrorist activity or disease outbreaks • Security concerns prompt recommendations regarding travel modes, attire, and “blending in” • U.S. State Department has a website and an app for travelers: click here Fundamentals of Human Resource 28 True or False? 1. It’s not management’s responsibility to provide a safe and healthy workplace False! 2. OSHA applies to almost every U.S. business engaged in interstate commerce True! 3. Most attorneys recommend companies cooperate with OSHA inspectors True! 4. Smoking bans work best when they take a “cold turkey” approach False! 5. HR should clarify expectations of employees in an effort to reduce worker stress True! 6. EAPs give employees visits with counselors at the company’s expense True! Fundamentals of Human Resource 29 ... Major sources of stress Fundamentals of Human Resource 19 Contemporary Safety and Health Issues Fundamentals of Human Resource 20 Contemporary Safety and Health Issues SymptomsofStress FundamentalsofHumanResource... related illness and injury Fundamentals of Human Resource 10 Contemporary Safety and Health Issues workplace violence indoor air quality smokefree environment repetitive stress injuries Fundamentals of Human Resource ... The American Institute of Stress, www.stress.org, offers a wealth of information, including this questionnaire that assesses stress levels: http://www.stress.org/workplacestress/ Fundamentals of Human Resource