Rural technology development and delivery RuTAG and its synergy with other initiatives

Design Science and Innovation Subir Kumar Saha M. R. Ravi Editors Rural Technology Development and Delivery RuTAG and Its Synergy with Other Initiatives Design Science and Innovation Series Editor Amaresh Chakrabarti, Centre for Product Design and Manufacturing, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India The book series is intended to provide a platform for disseminating knowledge in all areas of design science and innovation, and is intended for all stakeholders in design and innovation, e.g educators, researchers, practitioners, policy makers and students of design and innovation With leading international experts as members of its editorial board, the series aims to disseminate knowledge that combines academic rigour and practical relevance in this area of crucial importance to the society More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/15399 Subir Kumar Saha M R Ravi • Editors Rural Technology Development and Delivery RuTAG and Its Synergy with Other Initiatives 123 Editors Subir Kumar Saha Department of Mechanical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Delhi New Delhi, Delhi, India M R Ravi Department of Mechanical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Delhi New Delhi, Delhi, India ISSN 2509-5986 ISSN 2509-5994 (electronic) Design Science and Innovation ISBN 978-981-13-6434-1 ISBN 978-981-13-6435-8 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-6435-8 Library of Congress Control Number: 2019930699 © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd 2019 This work is subject to copyright All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd The registered company address is: 152 Beach Road, #21-01/04 Gateway East, Singapore 189721, Singapore Conference Organization Mentor Dr R Chidambaram, Former Principal Scientific Adviser to the Government of India Organizing Secretaries Prof S K Saha, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, India Prof M R Ravi, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, India Advisory Committee Dr Ketaki Bapat, Principal Scientific Adviser to the Government of India (PSA) Office, India Prof Abhijit P Deshpande, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, India Prof Anand B Rao, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, India Prof Manoj K Dhar, University of Jammu, India Prof Nalinaksh S Vyas, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, India Prof P B S Bhadoria, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, India Prof P L Dhar, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, India Prof R P Saini, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, India Prof R R Gaur, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, India Prof S K Kakoty, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, India Local Organizing Team Major S Chatterjee, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, India Mr Aditya Singh, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, India Mr Anil Sharma, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, India Mr Ashish Dahiya, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, India Mr Davinder Pal Singh, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, India v vi Conference Organization Mr Harsh Kumar Sharma, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, India Mr K Giri, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, India Mr Krishna, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, India Mr L D Kala, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, India Mr Mangal Sharma, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, India Mr Parmanand Nandihal, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, India Mr Prabhat Kumar, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, India Mr Raj Kumar Gupta, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, India Mr Sachin Kansal, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, India Mr Sasanka Sinha, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, India Mr Saurabh Chandrakar, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, India Mr Sreejath, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, India Mr Srijan Prabhakar, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, India Mr Suraj Bhat, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, India Mr Vishnu Sukumar, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, India Prof Debabrata Dasgupta, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, India Prof A K Gosain, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, India Prof Ajit Kumar, Indira Gandhi National Open University (IGNOU), India Prof B P Patel, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, India Prof D Ravi Kumar, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, India Prof Deepak Kumar, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, India Prof J Kumar, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, India Prof M R Ravi, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, India Prof Nomesh Bolia, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, India Prof P Hariprasad, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, India Prof P M V Subbarao, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, India Prof R Chattopadhyay, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, India Prof R Prasad, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, India Prof Ramakrishna, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, India Prof S Aravindan, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, India Prof S K Saha, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, India Prof S Kohli, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, India Prof S Sharma, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, India Prof Samrat Mukhopadhyay, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, India Prof V K Vijay, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, India Preface It was our great pleasure to host the first “International Conference on Rural Technology Development and Delivery (RTDD): RuTAG and its Synergy with other Initiatives” at IIT Delhi during March 9–11, 2018 For a long time, we have been thinking that the mainstream researchers must participate in the problems posed to us by the people living in rural areas Let us just cite a recent example of dust from stone carving industry which was posed to us Many laborers in the stone carving or cutting industry of Rajasthan are reported to have died of silicosis in their 30s–50s, which is really alarming It seems that the existing solutions are either not effective for the conditions in which the artisans work or too expensive to be afforded even by the employers of those artisans to stay competitive in the business Hence, there is a great need to take up such challenges Can we take up? In order to sensitize the researchers and more importantly our younger generation (like the UG and PG students), we thought that those who are already doing research on such problems must come together and share their work The conference was the result of that thought In fact, the same was reflected in the title of our Conference Souvenir “Researchizing Rural Problems,” a phrase we coined to emphasize the point of how to convert rural problems into research topics Publishing such work in the form of peer-reviewed papers in a monograph like this published by internationally reputed Springer with worldwide reach can ensure that the researchers get their personal satisfaction with professional rewards in the form of promotions and awards, etc Such satisfaction is expected to bring many new researchers, particularly the young ones, to dig out more research challenges from rural problems Such solutions and publications while satisfying the needs of the researchers are also expected to spread the real-life solutions designed or meant for a local need to a global community for the benefit of the latter This monograph contains 25 peer-reviewed papers that are presented during the conference, along with the summary of five keynote lectures and two panel discussions The acceptance rate of the papers is only about 37% which is on a par with many internationally renowned conferences or journals The papers were chosen from 28 oral presentations made during the conference based on a total of 63 full papers submitted online In order to enhance the interactions among the vii viii Preface researchers, particularly the students, 13 out of 63 papers were also selected for poster presentations Let us join hands to thank them, and we are sure the readers worldwide will benefit from this volume of RTDD 2018! New Delhi, India Subir Kumar Saha M R Ravi Message from the Mentor (Former Principal Scientific Adviser to the Government of India) I was extremely happy to participate in the capacity of the then Principal Scientific Adviser (PSA) to the Government of India in the “International Conference on Rural Technology Development and Delivery (RTDD): RuTAG and its Synergy with other Initiatives” at IIT Delhi during March 9–11, 2018 I must congratulate the team of RuTAG IIT Delhi, along with the other seven RuTAG Centers at Bombay, Guwahati, Kanpur, Kharagpur, Madras, Roorkee, and University of Jammu, to conceptualize the conference and successfully conduct it India’s technology needs range from nuclear and space to rural The office of the PSA, therefore, initiated the concept of the Rural Technology Action Group (RuTAG) in 2003–04 Since its original inception it has come a long way in its one and half decades of very successful operation It was also appropriate to share our experiences with the World Hence, the conference was very apt and timely While the RuTAG centers are engaged to find solutions for demand-driven rural problems, it is worth distilling the research content in them and document them in the form of good journal articles and/or conference papers so that the ambitions of young researchers (be they faculty or research students) are fulfilled These papers will help in knowledge and experience sharing among the researchers in this field around the World ix ... on Rural Technology Development and Delivery (RTDD): RuTAG and its Synergy with other Initiatives at IIT Delhi during March 9–11, 2018 I must congratulate the team of RuTAG IIT Delhi, along with. .. • Editors Rural Technology Development and Delivery RuTAG and Its Synergy with Other Initiatives 123 Editors Subir Kumar Saha Department of Mechanical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology. .. “International Conference on Rural Technology Development and Delivery (RTDD): RuTAG and its Synergy with other Initiatives at IIT Delhi during March 9–11, 2018, successful and the launch of this