Closeup Workbook key

Closeup Workbook key Angela Healan, Katrina Gormley, Diana Shotton Karen Ludlow, close upAngela Healan, Katrina Gormley, Diana Shotton Karen Ludlow, close upAngela Healan, Katrina Gormley, Diana Shotton Karen Ludlow, close upAngela Healan, Katrina Gormley, Diana Shotton Karen Ludlow, close upAngela Healan, Katrina Gormley, Diana Shotton Karen Ludlow, close upAngela Healan, Katrina Gormley, Diana Shotton Karen Ludlow, close upAngela Healan, Katrina Gormley, Diana Shotton Karen Ludlow, close upAngela Healan, Katrina Gormley, Diana Shotton Karen Ludlow, close up

Unit 1

Reading

A

Questions 1 and 5

B

1d 2c 3c 4a 5d 6a 7a 8b

Vocabulary

A

1 dysfunctional

2 aberrant

3 maladjusted

4 malfunction

5 misbehave

B

1h 2d 3a 4b 5g 6f 7e 8c

C

1 principled

2 conduct

3 head

4 vulnerable

5 prone

6 disorders

D

1 on

2 pain

3 terms

4 out

5 down

6 between

7 on

8 beyond

E

1c 2d 3d 4d 5b 6c 7b 8d

Grammar

A

1 are/’re drifting/have drifted

2 has been venting

3 has treated

4 is/’s always peering

5 have been conducting

6 have/’ve just settled

B

1 They have tested a range of

hypotheses

2 Rashid has completed the trial

study

3 The scientist is analysing the

data

4 I’m/am putting the samples into

the machine

5 Leon has been interviewing (the)

subjects for hours

6 Ms Clarkson has been working

all morning

7 The brain processes images in

13 milliseconds

8 He appreciates your hard work.

C

1 tasted

2 had been driving

3 was tasting

4 have met

5 had driven

6 ’re/are meeting

7 Do you see

8 haven’t been walking D

1 She would be a research assistant, but now she

supervises the lab used to

2 That’s strange; Barb used never

to talk to her neighbours across

the street used to never / never

used to

3 They ran the results through the

computer and after they have, they wrote up a detailed report

had/did

4 Henry didn’t used to be so difficult to work with, but he’s

been under a lot of stress use

5 In the mornings, my dog would

always beg me to take him for a

walk He loves going out will

6 He rarely made a mistake in his

research, but when he does, he

wouldn’t admit it so readily did

7 Marcos was being a teacher at that school, but he retired a few

years back used to be

8 We’re soaking up the rays on

the beach, just like we did every

time we go on holiday do

E

1 have

2 did

3 would

4 not

5 are

6 been

7 used

8 has

Listening A

Q1: reason, to bully Q2: companies, face up to bullying Q3: factor, reduces a charity’s donor pool

Q4: charities, should change approach

Q5: previous studies Q6: saddest, how jealousy affects, friendship

B 1c 2b 3c 4a 5a 6c Writing

A Well-adjusted individuals are often …

Maladjusted individuals can

be …

constructive content meticulous open positive sympathetic

apathetic discontented dissatisfied neurotic violent withdrawn

B

1 It addresses the topic mostly

appropriately, but it needs examples of when the opposite

is true, such as how negative feelings make people feel lazy

or overeat

2 It does not address the topic

appropriately It should include examples of people who lead difficult lives due to a lack of care as children and how they can seek help from mental health specialists as adults, for instance

3 It does not address the topic

appropriately It should include ideas about students who feel unfairly punished and how it breeds resentment, and how students should do activities such as write essays about what their behaviour can lead to in later life, for example

C

Sample answers:

1 Young people today don’t often

have much real contact with the outside world

WORKBOOK C2 KEY

2 There are a few things young

people can do to be more of a

part of their community

Topic questions: Are young

people too disconnected from

the harsh realities of society?

What can young people do to

learn more about the challenges

people face in life?

D

Sample answer:

Violence in schools is a fact of life

that many students must face on a

daily basis It is ironic that the very

place a young person might go to

educate themselves and improve

their lives could be the setting for

an act of violence Of course, some

youths harbour dark feelings and are

perhaps undergoing difficulties that

cause them to act negatively

Some students feel withdrawn

and apathetic about school and

life in general, and perhaps their

discontent is displayed through

obsessive or neurotic behaviour

Their dissatisfaction with life,

their family or themselves can,

for instance, push them to harm

other students who are otherwise

content In other words, they want

to vent their anger on others so that

they feel the way they do, which

obviously is not a constructive form

of expression

There are a few ways to address

these students’ concerns so that

their negativity does not adversely

affect other students A key

example is for teachers to reach

out to troubled youths and make

an effort to show an interest in their

lives Often, withdrawn students

feel isolated from society and a

welcoming approach might pull

them out of their rut Another way

is for educators to have an open

dialogue with parents to ensure

positive forms of communication

exist between families, teachers and

students Lastly, although it does

not address the underlying issues

of school violence, making sure that

students know the rules and the

consequences of acting up in class

or against others might also curb the

urge to behave violently

Naturally, it takes great effort to

eradicate violence from our schools,

but it is a phenomenon that affects

everyone involved Not a single

youth should feel like they are all

alone, or that it is them against the world We all face difficulties sometimes; therefore, having a positive outlet for our negative feelings keeps us in the right mental place

Unit 2 Reading A

Q1: what robots, allowed to do Q2: tales of man against machine, ease our fears

Q3: intimate, chore, unnerved we become

Q4: fears, overblown, fictional stories

Q5: awareness, informed choices Q6: aware, threat, machines, problematic

Q7: imagining, worst-case scenario, robot-controlled tasks

Q8: desire, menial tasks, automatically

Q9: well-being, hands of robots, appalling

Q10: fears of machines, always there, not, visible

B 1C 2D 3A 4B 5B 6D 7B 8C 9A 10D

Vocabulary A

1 censors

2 sensors

3 ingenuous

4 ingenious

5 decompose

6 disintegrate

7 omit

8 emit B

1 principal

2 eradicate

3 utilitarian

4 tangible

5 fusion

6 dissolved

7 revolutionary

8 deduct C

1 wear and tear

2 touch and go

3 more or less

4 back and forth

5 safe and sound

6 little by little

7 back to front

8 time after time D

1 breach

2 engines

3 on

4 intelligence

5 off

6 system

7 infancy

8 behind E

1b 2c 3d 4a 5b 6c 7a 8b Grammar

A

1 Will you be needing a ride to

the airport?

2 I shan’t surf the net until I

finish/have finished my/the assignment

3 They are not to share data with

unauthorised personnel

4 The director is to promote Julie

to lead scientist

5 By the time John arrives/has

arrived, the guests will have left

B

1 ‘ll/will fall

2 ‘ll/will be entering

3 ‘ll/will have explored

4 will remain

5 will have completely finished C

1 to hear

2 just about to

3 that the mission will

4 being

5 is brewing

6 to utilise

7 envisage

8 counting

9 sure to

10 going D

1 The ideas he was generating

would revolutionise farming technology

2 Sorry, but he was never going to

find a cure for baldness!

3 The actions world leaders took

then would affect generations of people

4 Something was going to happen

that would revolutionise our working lives

1c 2b 3b 4d 5a 6c

Listening

A

Students will listen for facts in Task 2

and opinions in Task 1

B

1D 2H 3A 4B 5E 6C 7A 8F 9D

10H

Writing

A

1B 2F 3F 4O 5O 6B 7F 8B

B

1 attentive; informative;

welcoming; preoccupied

2 dazzling; impractical

3 avid; obsessed

C

When it comes to using technology,

I have to admit I’m not someone

who’s used a lot of it before a

newbie But I wanted to attend one

of those places where they feature

the latest in technology a tech expo,

so I decided to go with a friend

While perusing the floor, I came

across a booth with a number of

devices that you can wear on your

head or body wearable devices I

tried one on, but honestly, I had a bit

of trouble using it A representative

who was very good and highly

skilled proficient in its use helped

me get started I thought for sure it

would take hours and hours just to

learn basic tasks be a steep learning

curve However, after about 20

minutes, I had mastered it and I

really felt like someone who knows

everything about technology a tech

whiz! The representatives handed

me some information that lists the

device’s selling points promotional

information, but I was hesitant to

invest in one It had a price tag that

was far too high for me to ever be

able to afford an exorbitant price

tag, so I’ll stick with my cheap

smartphone

D

Sample answer

I recently attended a thoroughly

entertaining tech expo in London

which featured all the latest

technological gadgets – laptops,

notebooks, smartphones, games

consoles and more I had a fantastic time sampling new technology and poring over all the material on offer

Some things had me scratching my head as to how useful they might be for the market, but I was nonetheless dazzled by the array of equipment spread across the exhibition floor

The tech expo was relatively inexpensive to attend, as I only paid 12 euros for entry, which is about half of what I’ve paid to attend other venues The site was expansive; set in a refurbished warehouse in an industrial district

of London, it covered what seemed like half a football field Each tech company’s representative seemed welcoming and attentive, as well as knowledgeable once you conversed with them

I spent several hours sampling devices, and what was most impressive was the latest in games consoles Being an avid gamer, it’s mesmerising to see the virtual worlds that exist in these games

I was especially pleased with this aspect of the expo The only drawback was with the wearable devices Honestly, I’m not sure why tech companies focus so much energy on making these devices

There were watches, glasses, bracelets, belts and even gloves

The screens, if they had them, were too small, as usual The buttons were too difficult to operate and it just didn’t live up to expectations

I suppose they have an application somewhere in our world, but for the most part, they seem impractical, at least for me

All in all, I’d say going to the tech expo was a riveting experience It probably won’t appeal to casual tech users, but if you’re a bit of a tech whiz, I would urge you to go while it’s still on The expo runs until the end of this week and more information can be found on their website at www.londontechexpo

co.uk

Review 1 Vocabulary A

1d 2c 3d 4a 5c 6c 7a 8d 9c 10b 11a 12a 13b 14b 15b 16a 17a 18a 19c 20c

Grammar B

1d 2b 3b 4b 5b 6c 7c 8d 9c 10b 11b 12d 13c 14c 15c 16b 17a 18a 19b 20d

Use of English C

1b 2a 3d 4d 5d 6a 7a 8d D

1 abnormal

2 integration

3 inseparable

4 unintelligible

5 misspent

6 aberrant

7 incurable

8 unconditionally E

1 were

2 used/had

3 had

4 have

5 from

6 not

7 to

8 would F

1 is bound to be found on other

planets

2 shall not keep my ideas

3 argument is looming

4 predict (that) the event will be

5 expected him to pay for

6 wasn’t trying to be Unit 3

Reading A

‘Sloppy mistakes aside’

B 1G 2E 3D 4F 5A 6H 7C

Vocabulary

A

1 tolerant

2 corrupt

3 humane

4 brutal

5 callous

6 merciful

7 prejudiced

8 apathetic

B

1 do away with

2 face up to

3 comes down to

4 cut back on

5 came out of

C

1d 2c 3a 4b 5c

D

1 came/went

2 formed

3 fallen

4 get

5 turning

E

1 intolerable

2 impoverished/poor

3 disregard

4 misappropriation

5 disreputable

6 unlawfully/lawlessly

7 fraudulent

8 distrustful/mistrustful

Grammar

A

2 The plate of canapés was

quickly devoured by the starving

travellers

4 The money was laundered

through a corrupt foreign bank

5 The streets were lined with

protesters in anticipation of the

prime minister

6 Ninety per cent of the residents

were vaccinated (by medical

workers) in one day

Sentence 6 does not need

an agent because it can be

assumed that ‘medical workers’

did the vaccinating

The other sentences cannot be

made into the passive because

the verbs are intransitive

B

1 treated poorly

2 generous inundation of

3 heavy reliance on

4 feigned ignorance C

1 The grant for the charity is

under review

2 The new nursery is under

construction

3 The burglar is under arrest.

4 Carol is under suspicion of theft.

5 The fort is under attack.

D

1 have had their homes destroyed

2 has had their farmland stricken

3 had a tenth of its buildings

consumed

4 had/got a route bulldozed

5 were having/getting aid

delivered

6 are currently having/getting

their health checked

E

1 of the charity have been under

scrutiny

2 workers haven’t got the new

school constructed

3 had (the) beachgoers running

for

4 is expected to be

5 is under occupation Listening

A

passionate, nuisance, wary, overrated, strict, feels sorry, ignored, unaware, appreciates, concern

B 1b 2c 3a 4c 5b 6a 7a 8a Writing

A

1 I saved

2 solution

3 man's best friend

4 go up in smoke

5 forced to flee

6 animal abuse

The better choices either made the title personal, used a play on words, such as a rhyme, or used more dramatic language to grab the reader’s attention

B

Suggested answers:

1 Treating animals well shows

that we are kind people and the opposite shows that we are uncaring

2 People talk a lot about helping

and making a change, but it’s what they do that shows who they really are

3 It’s important to take care of

ourselves and our loved ones, and in doing that, we can extend our help to others

4 We can do things today to

shape the future in the way we want it to be

C

1 5; 3; After all, can you imagine

what it would be like having to leave your home?

2 1; 2; What would life be like if

nature were completely ruined?

3 4; 4; How would you like living

in a place as polluted as this?

D

Sample answer:

Giving a best friend a home

Every morning as I leave my house, I’m greeted by my neighbour’s adoring cat She’s allowed to roam around freely and, like clockwork, she knows when I’m off for work I’ve got two cats of my own who see me when I wake up, but it’s remarkable how the cat next door is smart enough to know my daily schedule Isn’t it amazing how intelligent and loving animals are? They are all deserving of a home, but sadly there are many who haven’t got one Shouldn’t they have a place to call their own?

It’s an issue that concerns me deeply,

so I’ve visited my local animal shelter

to see how I can help There I met the most wonderful staff who are so very caring for animals, provide a safe place for them to stay and do

so on a limited budget They also play with and nurture them, but the goal is to find them a permanent home

I’ve decided to assist them however

I can I urge local shops to put out small collection jars for stray pets

I explain that the money goes to the animal shelter, so that they can provide better care I also post notices on social media to try to get pets adopted So far I’ve managed

to place three cats and two dogs.

Although my neighbourhood is

largely free of strays, it’s important

to get stray cats and dogs into a

shelter, so that they can get medical

treatment and other basic services

As the saying goes, ‘Society can be

judged by how it treats animals,’ so

we shouldn’t neglect them, should

we?

Take it from me – it’s a rewarding

experience to help out a pet in

need With just a little effort, you can

make a difference in the lives of the

most wonderful creatures on Earth –

our best friends!

Unit 4

Reading

A

Suggested answers:

Q1: d; Q2: a, d

B

1c 2d 3b 4b 5b 6a

Vocabulary

A

1 lobby

2 throng

3 dynasty

4 flock

5 troupe

6 diaspora

7 pack

8 choir

B

1 one-side one-sided

2 long-gone long-lost

3 most best

4 brain-boggling mind-boggling

5 incorrect wrong

6 dense thick

7 quick-lived short-lived

8 levels degrees

C

1 detract

2 up

3 dominating

4 get

5 met

6 base

7 on-and-off

8 lose

D

1 shrinkage

2 contradictory

3 proximity

4 homogenous

5 interdependence

6 globalisation

7 connectivity

8 antisocial E

1c 2a 3c 4b 5d 6b 7d 8b Grammar

A

1 You can check your emails

remotely almost anywhere

2 She couldn’t locate her friend’s

profile on Twitter

3 They should have said thanks

when they left the party

4 He may/might have registered

multiple accounts on the same site

5 We mustn’t/can’t send texts

while driving a vehicle

6 Hadn’t we better invite the

O’Hares to the wedding?

7 I won’t create an online profile

because I prefer anonymity

B

1 can’t have recognised

2 needn’t have deleted/didn’t

have to delete

3 shouldn’t have uploaded

4 will spend

5 Can I post C

1 Don’t (you) dare mention

2 daren’t/doesn’t dare publish

3 need I say

4 needn’t apologise

5 needn’t have bought D

1b 2c 3b 4c E

1 will

2 cannot

3 not

4 ought

5 must

6 can

7 should/must

8 have

Listening A

Suggested answer:

A piece of factual information that contradicts or clarifies an opinion or widely held belief that the speaker just voiced

B 1c 2b 3d 4a 5b Writing

A 1b 2c 3d 4a B

1

A good crowdfunding campaign takes organisation, and *I would like

to advertise it through social media,

✓ in hopes that more community members will donate I would also like your office to endorse the campaign publicly, as ✓ that will help

us reach our goals

2

I am writing in response to the ban on mobile phone use that the board has imposed on educational institutions ✓ Hindering our ability

to communicate with one another

is a path towards isolation ✓ What

it achieves is it makes individuals resent the very place that they are supposed to learn

3

Exchanging pleasantries with our neighbours is about as far as most people go in getting to know one another these days It’s this lack of contact that I have witnessed in our neighbourhood, so *I am taking it upon myself to organise a meet-and-greet at our town hall this coming Saturday

4

✓ My main argument against social media is that ✓ if misused, it can harm a person’s reputation and even result in a loss of friends or a job Had I known of the dangers, I might not have opened an account

As such, *I would like to share my advice for staying out of harm’s way

C 1

Suggested answer:

Personally, I protect myself online simply because posting an inappropriate comment or photo can result in a ruined reputation When

you upload personal details to social

media sites or the internet at large,

you create a permanent record

Furthermore, it can be accessed by

hackers, causing a threat as regards

privacy issues Careful consideration

of what we post online is of utmost

importance

Question answers

A magazine editor; an experience;

Main paragraph 1

2

Suggested answer:

Going forward, what I see is a

community coming together in a

common area enjoying one another’s

company and getting to know one

another better What this results in

is cooperation, increased interaction

and mutual trust Having trust in a

community serves as a cornerstone

for sharing ideas and protecting one

another Were it not for trust, would

communities not struggle to survive?

Question answers:

A council/local government official; a

plan; Main paragraph 3

D

Suggested answer:

To whom it may concern:

I am writing to ask your help in

remodelling a run-down community

theatre Returning this once-majestic

theatre back to its former state is

a desire expressed by many of our

fellow citizens I would like to start a

crowdfunding campaign to do that,

and I would like you to come on

board with the project

Personally, I believe a key aspect

of a strong community is being

able to come together with your

neighbours, help one another in

times of need, share ideas about

cooperation, and build mutual trust

Remodelling the community theatre

is a terrific way to achieve this, and

giving community members a way

to directly take part is the reason I

would like to use a crowdfunding

campaign to raise money

Of course, a good crowdfunding

campaign takes organisation I plan

to create a profile for the theatre,

with photos of how it once was and

ideas for future use I would like to

advertise the campaign through

social media; what this will achieve is

that more community members will

learn about it and donate I would also like your office to endorse the campaign publicly, as that will help

us go the extra mile in reaching our goals

I hope to achieve a fully funded theatre remodelling from the campaign and to get the theatre

up and running as soon as possible

I also hope that the crowdfunding campaign puts community members with like-minded ideas in touch with one another With your help, I believe we can make this a reality

Going forward, what I see is a community that comes closer together through shared ideas, cooperation and increased interaction No sooner had I realised how crowdfunding could make this happen than I penned this letter to your office I look forward to working with you to help our community grow

Yours faithfully, (Student’s name)

Review 2 Vocabulary A

1c 2c 3a 4d 5c 6c 7b 8d 9b 10b 11c 12d 13a 14c 15d 16b 17a 18d 19c 20c

Grammar B

1d 2c 3d 4a 5c 6d 7b 8a 9b 10a 11c 12d 13d 14d 15c 16b 17d 18d 19d 20a

Use of English C

1c 2a 3c 4c 5a 6d 7b 8d D

1 will

2 is

3 burying

4 face

5 being

6 better

7 not

8 together E

1 distraction

2 analogous

3 recreational

4 unconsciously

5 disregard

6 intolerant

7 irreparable

8 shrinkage F

1 were under review by the

2 he should not/shouldn’t have/

ought not to have yelled

3 show being cancelled

4 are getting their house

repainted by the

5 would not/wouldn’t dare

mention the incident that happened

6 can’t/cannot/couldn’t/could not have paid for

Unit 5 Reading A

Suggested answers:

(text) permanence, testament to man’s ability, create something that’s

… opposite, ice hotels, bars and restaurants, large ice structures such

as these, massive structure, fanfare, eventually razed, deeper connection, sliver of what we face in life, latter

is certainly proof that mankind’s determination knows no boundaries (missing paragraphs)

takes a bit of letting go, smaller municipalities, adjacent ice-skating rink and toboggan slide, that depressing thought, grandiose as

an entire village, This misfortune, visitors pay hundreds of euros a night to stay in, in neighbouring China, That … cannot be said about ice sculptures, Designed by Russian architect

B 1G 2A 3E 4H 5B 6D 7C Vocabulary

A

1 inspiration

2 initiative

3 ineptness

4 criticism

5 setback

6 prevalence B

1 high

2 rude

3 mean

4 rosy

5 fast

6 rough

C

1 in

2 up

3 caught

4 leapt

5 In

6 corner

7 retrospect

8 to

D

1 throw

2 get

3 held

4 fell

5 make

6 plucked

7 hold

8 ahead

E

1b 2b 3b 4d 5d 6a 7b 8a

Grammar

A

1 Unless we learn how to solve

problems, life will be difficult./

Life will be difficult unless we

learn how to solve problems

2 They would survive the night

providing (that) we gave them

shelter./Providing (that) we gave

them shelter, they would survive

the night

3 Given the choice, she would

have studied abroad./She would

have studied abroad given the

choice

4 But for keeping your job, you

would have lost your house./You

would have lost your house but

for keeping your job

5 Supposing the scandal hadn’t

occurred, could John be

president?/Could John be

president supposing the scandal

hadn’t occurred?

6 You’ll graduate from university

as/so long as you pass your

exams./As/So long as you pass

your exams, you’ll graduate

from university

B

1 Had

2 Were

3 But

4 Given

5 What

6 If C

1 would not have given

2 are going to search

3 had stood

4 wouldn't have

5 were sitting

6 would have cheated

7 wouldn't be driving

8 were to go

D

1 could

2 aren’t

3 must

4 will

5 might

6 won’t E

1b 2c 3c 4a 5d 6a 7b 8a Listening

A

Suggested answers:

particularly impressed, reply, inspired, conducted, women’s wear collection, take up, While going to work, most recent, top influence, words of his songs

B

1 live performances

2 personal anecdotes

3 ballet dancer

4 slabs of meat (in a butcher’s

shop)

5 (graceful) giraffes

6 (mindless) doodles

7 subconscious/dreams

8 bluegrass Writing A

2 and 3 complement each other, 1 contrasts with 2 and 3

B

1 2 & 3

2 1 & 2

3 2 & 3

4 1 & 3 C

1S 2E 3R 4S 5E

D

Suggested answer:

How effective are aptitude tests in judging our skills? Two contrasting views on the subject are the usefulness of tests in screening potential employees, and the flaws

of tests that overlook otherwise valuable skills and experience

In some cases, tests can be valuable There are companies that administer aptitude tests to assess

a multitude of skills, such as how well an employee can demonstrate leadership, how good they are at problem solving and how adept they are at using numbers This can give hiring managers an idea

of who to hire and where to put them Additionally, these tests are

an inexpensive way of analysing a person’s skill set They cannot take the place of a face-to-face interview entirely, but they can provide an extra layer of knowledge about a candidate’s skills

On the other hand, it should be noted that testing does not always give the most accurate reading of

a person’s abilities Some people have test anxiety, which translates into poorer test performance Were they in a comfortable working environment, one might find that their skill set outperforms other candidates with higher test scores Also, it is worth bearing in mind that there may be barriers in the tests that can be more problematic for some candidates An individual whose language skills are not as well-honed as a native speaker’s might do poorly on a test, when the reality is that their specific skills are compatible with the company All things considered, testing does provide an insight into a person’s abilities We should, however, keep

in mind that it can never reveal the whole picture

Unit 6 Reading A

Students’ own answers

B 1a 2d 3b 4d 5c 6b

Vocabulary

A

1 stimulus

2 blackmail

3 squander

4 proxy

5 settlement

6 misuse

7 concessions

8 incur

B

1 spendthrift

2 shady

3 above board

4 entitled

5 corner

6 corrupt

7 go

8 crack

C

1 soar

2 abuse

3 red

4 bribery

5 opulent

6 bet

7 cuts

8 tape

D

1 line

2 of

3 side

4 egg

5 off

6 lane

7 into

8 last

E

1d 2d 3b 4c 5d 6a 7a 8b

Grammar

A

1 was, had

2 situations, circumstances

3 did, would

4 after, until

5 credit, account

6 will, had

7 a, no

8 loses, lost

B

1 such

2 Such

3 So

4 So

5 so

6 such

C

1 would prefer

2 had better

3 it’s time

4 If only

5 would rather

6 wish

7 as if

8 better D

1 had

2 only

3 such

4 under

5 little

6 until

7 no

8 once E

1 would prefer to

2 it had such terrible / of such

terrible

3 not one (good) reason could

4 only after Catherine had finished

eating did she

5 No sooner had they got their

lottery winnings

Listening A

Handling debt, speakers’

experiences, speakers’ feelings

B 1F 2G 3E 4A 5C 6D 7C 8B 9G 10E

Writing A 1C 2A 3B 4C 5B B

Prompt 1:

A; underlined key words: Microloans, very small loans, help families start small businesses, prospective merchants, helping hand, beneficial Phrases:

dreams fulfilled helping the poor jumpstart the economy stepping stone

Prompt 2:

C; underlined key words: non-violent crimes, go to different, sometimes nicer, prisons than violent offenders,

Is it important to keep, separate or, live with other criminals

Phrases:

punishment fits the crime rehabilitation programme safety concerns

severity of offence

C

12 21 31 41 52 62 D

Suggested answer:

Prompt 1:

People are sometimes faced with moral dilemmas at work They uncover information that the company they work for has been hiding from the public, perhaps to preserve the company’s image or perhaps to avoid legal troubles Not saying anything makes them guilty, but betraying their employer could end their career While whistle-blowers can be beneficial to society, one can see how they could be considered traitors to the people who employed them

A very beneficial aspect of a whistle-blower is when they reveal information that pertains to matters

of public safety Let’s take into consideration a car manufacturer that has been hiding the fact that its automobiles have been failing safety standards They are doing this

in order to avoid having to spend

a huge amount of money to fix a manufacturing process But these cars are going out on the road and a faulty brake or an explosive electrical system could kill someone It is not hard to see how an employee with high moral standards could have an issue with keeping this knowledge a secret

On the other hand, an employee that has signed a confidentiality agreement with an employer takes it upon themselves to keep company secrets just that – a secret By violating a contract, they are in a sense going against their word It

is damaging to their character and their careers suffer because other companies may be wary of hiring them Perhaps it could be said that whatever problems they discovered within the company should be handled internally Of course, perhaps they attempted that first and they did not get the outcome they were looking for

To conclude, while it may be

beneficial for society to come

forward with damaging information

about your employer, there is

very much a risk of being given a

negative label for doing good It is a

shame, but one must imagine that a

whistle-blower’s positive impact on

society must serve as compensation

for the damage done to their

careers

Prompt 2:

It goes without saying that teenagers

should learn about managing their

money We all know that money

does not end with cash; there is

plastic money to be considered as

well Obviously, there are pitfalls to

avoid when it comes to using credit

cards and perhaps the best way for

teenagers to learn about them is to

use credit cards while they are still

living with their parents

First of all, a few complicated

things have got to be learnt about

credit cards, such as interest rates,

minimum payments and so forth

Having a parent around to help

a young person navigate these

features will make them better

equipped at using them A mum or

dad can explain that the higher the

balance on a card, the more money

that is paid in interest, and it can

be quite high They can also inform

them of how much they will have to

pay per month based on any given

balance and what happens if they

miss a payment or get so far behind

that the bank will start calling them

Another reason parental supervision

might be a good idea is due to the

deceptive nature of buying things

with credit cards It is easy to use

them to pay for things, rather than

forking out the cash But teenagers

can easily forget that they will have

to pay the balance at the end of the

month or even what that balance

is at any given point in time They

can run up their accounts quickly

and then be stuck with a bill they

cannot pay With parents around,

they can ask for help if they get into

trouble Perhaps making some of the

mistakes early on before it can really

damage their finances is beneficial

as well

In short, while it might be a good

idea to promote the avoidance

of credit cards altogether, you

can never know what your son

or daughter is going to do with their finances once they have their freedom from home For this reason, allowing them to use credit cards during their teenage years

is a practical way for them to get educated about their use

Review 3 Vocabulary A

1c 2d 3b 4c 5c 6d 7d 8a 9c 10d 11d 12a 13a 14d 15b 16c 17b 18c 19a 20c

Grammar B

1b 2b 3d 4a 5d 6c 7c 8b 9b 10d 11c 12c 13b 14d 15d 16d 17b 18c 19d 20a

Use of English C

1b 2c 3a 4d 5a 6d 7b 8d D

1 inspiration

2 motivation

3 extravagantly

4 miserly

5 criticism

6 misuse

7 undervalued

8 powerless E

1 only

2 supposing

3 rather

4 what

5 had

6 would

7 no

8 such F

1 but for the coach’s interference,

they would have

2 attend the conference providing

(that) the entrance fee

3 it’s time (that) Stacy moved

4 had better apply today before

it’s too

5 were not so/less irritable, he

wouldn’t get

6 under no circumstances should

she open

Unit 7 Reading A

He describes an experience he had

as a child with his dad

B 1C 2D 3A 4H 5F 6B 7E Vocabulary

A

1 track

2 whim

3 buzz

4 tip

5 drain

6 eye

B

1 invasion

2 place

3 spelt

4 bitter

5 phenomenon

6 difference

7 indulge

8 drive C

1 picturesque

2 educated

3 undesirable

4 fearlessness

5 graphically

6 baggage

7 rarity

8 provincial D

1 spur

2 ear

3 upon/across/onto

4 on

5 sense

6 off

7 catch

8 throw E

1a 2b 3d 4b 5a 6b 7b 8d Grammar

A

1 perfectly clean

2 immensely stressed

3 positively glowing

4 annoyingly loud

5 dangerously high

6 unbelievably charming

B

1a 2c 3b 4c 5c 6c

C

1 hardly

2 virtually

3 Barely

4 scarcely

5 practically

6 almost

D

1 puppies alive

2 fire was ablaze

3 passengers aboard

4 patient was aglow

E

1 The people responsible for the

damage should/must come

forward

2 Concerned citizens met in the

town hall

3 The damaged goods were

destroyed

4 Belongings damaged by/in the

fire will be/are going to be/have

been/are being replaced

5 Responsible people pay bills on

time

6 Residents concerned about

flooding should/can/could call

this number

F

1 nowhere

2 few

3 never

4 particular

5 bit/little

6 with/by

7 barely

8 which

Listening

A

I’ve got a lot on my plate = I’m very

busy at the moment

B

1a 2b 3c 4c 5c 6a 7b 8c

Writing

A

a b2 c d1 e2 f g h1

B

1 Making a difference a world

away

For those looking for some

work experience and who

have a desire to go out into

the world, there are few better opportunities than

to volunteer abroad It can provide experience in tackling real-world problems while giving individuals a different perspective on life It is even

a perfect fit for those who have amassed a great deal of experience and knowledge during their professional lives and who want communities

in need around the globe to benefit from this

2 Know what you are getting into

For some, volunteering abroad seems like a luxury for the young and well-off, but many staffing agencies who find volunteers for organisations

in host countries stress that this does not have to be the case These agencies can help individuals find organisations willing to pay for volunteers

to travel to the host country, providing they have the right skill set They can also drastically cut down on volunteers’

travel expenses by providing accommodation While they do not offer a stipend, they can make sure you spend very little while you are there

Key points c and f contrast with the texts

C

12 21 32 41 52 61 D

Suggested answer:

International volunteering is a rewarding, beneficial experience, but to make the best of it, certain conditions must be met This pertains to both the volunteers who get involved and the organisations who seek them

Firstly, most volunteers have hugely different backgrounds from the local individuals who run the organisations in the host country

As a result, there can be a clash of cultures between volunteers and management There can also be vast differences in educational levels between volunteers and local staff

Volunteers should do their best to respect the way locals are running their organisation so as to foster cooperation and unity for the task at

hand

By the same token, organisations should do their best to choose the right individuals and make sure they are ready for the job when they arrive An organisation tasked with rebuilding schools might do better with an international volunteer who knows how to build things,

as opposed to someone trained in sustainable agriculture Additionally, making sure the volunteer has had some kind of training about what the organisation does and what the volunteer should expect on the job can go a long way in helping them

to settle into their roles

In brief, while international volunteers are a valuable resource and make positive efforts overall, volunteers as well as organisations should ensure that they are the right fit for the position and that basic training needs are fulfilled That way, both sides are getting as much out

of the experience as possible

Unit 8 Reading A B 1C 2B 3A 4D 5B 6E 7A 8B 9E 10C

Vocabulary A

1 criterion

2 curricula

3 alumni

4 stimuli

5 parentheses

6 appendix

7 phenomena

8 indices

9 matrices

10 bacterium B

1 receptive

2 infinite

3 intimate

4 retentive

5 indicative

6 argumentative

7 inexplicable

8 intelligible