Reported speech A. Câu phát biểu - He said : “ I have lost my pen this morning.” He said that he had lost his pen that morning. - She said to him: “I will go with you tomorrow.” She told him that she would go with him the next day. Ghi nhớ : muốn đổi một câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp, ta phải : + Giữ nguyên động từ giới thiệu said hoặc đổi said to thành told nếu có túc từ. + Thay đổi đại từ nhân xưng, tính từ sở hữu… Ngôi thứ 1(I/we/me/my ) đổi thành ngôi thứ như chủ từ(subject)ở mệnh đề chính. Ngôi thứ 2 (you/your)đổi thành ngôi thứ của túc từ. Ngôi thứ 3(he/she/they ) giữ nguyên không đổi. + Thay đổi thì của động từ trong câu : bằng cách cho lùi về quá khứ một bậc. Direct speech Reported speech - simple present - simple past - present cont - past continuous - present perfect - past perfect - simple past - past perfect - past continuous - past perfect continuous - present per.cont - past perfect continuous - simple future - present conditional (should/would) - past perfect - past perfect - perfect conditional - unchanged (khơng đổi) + Thay m ộ t s ố t ừ th ờ i gian & à n ơ i ch ố n. - now - then - today / tonight - that day / that night -tonight - that night - tomorrow - the following day / the next day - yesterday - the previous day / the day before - next week / month… - the following week / month… - last week /month… - the week before /the month before… - the day before yesterday - two days before - the day after tomorrow - in two days’ time - ago - before - tomorrow morning - the following morning - last Tuesday - the Tuesday before - right now - at once - here - there - this / these - that / those - He said : “ I’ll come here to take this book.” He said that he would come there to take that book. - They said to us : “You must do this work right now.” They told us that we had to do that work at once. * Khi câu động từ giới thiệu ở hiện tại đơn, thì của động từ trong câu gián tiếp không đổi và các từ chỉ thời gian hoặc nơi chốn vẫn giữ nguyên. - The doctor says to her : “You will have to stay here until tomorrow.” The doctor tells her that she will have to stay here until tomorrow. B Câu hỏi - She said to me : “Do you like swimming ?” She asked me if/whether I liked swimming. - Tom said : “Has she finished her home work ?” Tom wanted to know if she had finished her homework. - He asked me : “Why did you come home so late last night?” He asked me why I had come home so late the night before. - Mary said : “ What’s he doing now?” Mary wondered what he was doing then. Ghi nhớ: Đổi said thành asked + object, wondered hay wanted to know C Câu mệnh lệnh - The teacher said : “Go to the blackboard, John.” The teacher told John to go to the blackboard. - He said to them : “Don’t be late tomorrow.” He told them not to be late the next day. Ghi nhớ : Đổi said hay said to thành told hay asked + Object. + Dùng to để thay thế cho dấu hai chấm và ngoặc kép khi là câu mệnh lệnh xác đònh và dùng not to khi là câu mệnh lệnh phủ đònh. Tóm tắt Câu gián tiếp (reported speech) Statements (Câu phát biểu) * S + said + (that) + clause * S + told + O + (that) + clause Commands (Câu mệnh lệnh) * S + told + O + to infinitive * S + told + O + not + to infinitive Wh-questions (Câu hỏi nội dung) * S + asked + (O) + wh-… + clause * S + wondered + wh-… + clause * S + wanted to know + wh-… + clause Yes-no questions (Câu hỏi có không) * S + asked + (O) + if / whether + clause * S + wondered + if /whether + clause * S + wanted to know + if / whether + clause I/ Put into the reported speech : 1/ Tom said : “I want to buy a bicycle for my brother.”- _________________________________________________________ 2/ She said : “I once spent my vacation in this village.”- _________________________________________________________ 3/ The librarian said : “Don’t make noise, boys “- _________________________________________________________ 4/ They said to me : “You taught us last year.”- _____________________________________________________ 5/ Mr.Pike said : “Our house cost us much money.”- _________________________________________________________ 6/ He said to his sister : “ I can’t find my hat anywhere in this room.”- _________________________________________________________ 7/ My father said to them : “My secretary is going to finish this job.”- _________________________________________________________ 8/ They said : “We can’t meet you here either today or tomorrow.”- _________________________________________________________ 9/ My friend said : “I think it won’t rain tomorrow.”- _________________________________________________________ 10/ He said : “Your car need repairing, Sam.” - _________________________________________________________ 11/ They said : “The Browns has ever lived in this house.”- ___________________________________________ 12/ He said : “I’ll expect you to come here tomorrow.”- _________________________________________________________ 13/ The students said : “ We’ll be sitting for our next exam next Friday.”- ______________________________________________________ II/ Change to the reported speech: 1/ Mr. Smith said : “Where are you going on your vacation this year ?”- _______________________________________________________ 2/ She said : “Did the mechanis finish repairing your car ?”- _________________________________________________________ 3/ She said : “Why has David been looking so miserable lately ?”- _________________________________________________________ 4/ I asked my friend : “Was anyone hurt in the car accident last month ?”- ______________________________________________________ 5/ She asked me : “How old are you now ?”- _________________________________________________________ 6/ He said to her : “Have you been to town today ?”- _________________________________________________________ 7/ John said : “How long does it take you to get to London, Mary ?”- _________________________________________________________ 8/ The policeman asked the little girl : “What’s your name ?”- _________________________________________________________ 9/ Mr. Green said to his secretary : “Who did you talk to a few minutes ago ?”- __________________________________________________ 10/ Paul said : “Can you swim, Mary ?”- _________________________________________________________ 11/ He said : “Where can I find her in this town ?”- _________________________________________________________ 12/ She asked her son : “Do you know which is the cup you used ?”- _________________________________________________________ 13/ Helen said : “What did you say, Jack ?”- _________________________________________________________ 14/ She said to him : “ Why didn’t you get up early this morning ?”- _________________________________________________________ 15/ He said : “Will it rain tonight ?”- _________________________________________________________ III : Turn into the reported speech: 1/ The manager said : “ Come into my office, please.”- _________________________________________________________ 2/ The teacher said to us : “Don’t make so much noise.”- _________________________________________________________ 3/ Mr.Green said : “Please come to our dinner tonight, Bill.”- _________________________________________________________ 4/ Susan said to Tom : “Don’t call me again at this late hour.”- _________________________________________________________ 5/ She said to the boy : “Show me what you have in your hand.”- _________________________________________________________ 6/ The policeman ordered : “Stay where you are and don’t touch anything.”- ____________________________________________________ 7/ The old lady said : “Will you please water these flowers for me.”- _____________________________ 8/ She said : “Don’t leave your coat on this chair.”- ____________________________________ 9/ She said to him : “Don’t speak to me like that and behave yourself.”- ____________________ 10/ Peter said : “Would you mind lending me your dictionary till next Monday.”- _________________________________________________________ I/ Make the correct choice: 1.When they got to the theatre, the play ______ . a.was beginning b.has begun c.will begin d.had begun 2.If he ______ my invitation, I will be sad. a.refused b.refuses c.will refuse d.refuse 3.He told me he ______ very ill since the day before. a.had been b.was c.would be d.has been 4. ______ Sue needed some money to buy a camera, she cashed a cheque. a.Until b.Although c.If d.Because 5. ______ carefully before you answer my questions. a.Think b.Thinking c.To think d.Thought 6.When these tables are ______ steel, they are very heavy. a.made from b.making from c.made of d.making of 7.When your money ______ in a bank, it gives you an interest. a.is put b.is putting c.puts d.put 8.Everyone was amazed to see the man. a.interested b.surprised c.excitedd.bored 9.Can you ______ life without electricity. a.think b.imagine c.memorize d.regret 10.We’ve just bought a new ______ cooker . a.electricity b.electric c.electrical d.electrically 11.I’m really ______ with my job. a.tired b.excited c.attracted d.bored 12.My aunt ______ living in the countryside. a.is used for b.is used to c.used tod.is using 13.Mr Thomas ______ work on Sunday. a.used to b.is used to c.used d.is used for 14.She asked me what ______ then. a. I am doing b.I have been doing c.I was doing d.I were doing 15.He wishes he ______ school at the age of 14. a.didn’t leave b.hadn’t left c.wouldn’t leave d.hasn’t left 16.How long ago ______ to learn French? a.did you begin b.have you begun c.you began d.do you begin 17. ______ planets are there in the solar system? a.How much b.How c.How many d.Where 18.English ______ all overthe world. a.is speaking b.speaks c.spoke d.is spoken 19.What an amazing sight! a.surprising b.interesting c.exciting d.boring 20.We should learn all the new words by heart in order to _____ our vocabulary. a.do b.make c.create d.enrich 21.This room ______ since I was here. a.was painted b.was painting c.has been painted d.has been panting 22.Did you speak to Mrs Baker ______ ? a.lately b.yesterday c.the day before d.so far 23.Unless you ______ more careful, you will have an accident. a.were b.are c.will be d.drive 24.We have met the writer ______ book is a best - seller. a.who b.whom c.his d.whose 25.I am accustomed to living on my own. a.used to b.fond of c.kind to d.interested in 26.The child ________ parents died in the air crash is living with his aunt. a.who b.whom c.whose d.that 27.This place ________ the site of an animal market. a.used to be b.used to being c.used for being d.was used to being 28.We will miss the plane if we ________ now. a.leave b.don’t leave c.left d.didn’t leave 29. The city in ________ we were born is very small. a.it b.which c. that d.where 30. She has studied French _______. a.5 years ago b.for 5 years c.since 5 years d.in 5 years 31. What did you do last night ? -I _______ to the movies after I ______ my homework. a.went/do b.had gone / did c.go /did d.went/had done 32.He was introduced to a well-known artist. a.famous b.unknown c.dangerous d.humourous 33.Martin, _______ mother is Spanish, speaks both Spanish and English. a.his b.who c.that d.whose 34.Yesterday at a restaurant, I _______ Pam , an old friend of mine. a.had seen b.have seen c.saw d.see 35. I haven’t seen her _______ years. a.in b.with c.since d.for 36.I’m very pleased _______ I’ll go to London next week. a.with b.that c.so that d.since 37.He _______ playing football five years ago. a.started b.has started c.is starting d.had started 38/ Tom’s away ______ the moment. He is on holiday ______ France. a. in / in b. in / at c. at / at d. at / in 39/ She always goes for a walk with her dog ______ Sunday mornings. a. in b. on c. at d. during 40/ He arrived ______ Hanoi at 8.30 in the evening. a. to b. at c. in d. for 41/ In England, people drive ______ the left side of the road. a. in b. about c. at d. on 42/ We are leaving Hanoi ______ Ho Chi Minh City at 2 o’clock this afternoon. a. for b. in c. to d. at 43/ What was happening when he arrived ______ the airport ? a. to b. at c. in d. for 44/ It will be ready ______ two weeks. a. for b. in c. with d. during 45/ He lives in a flat ______ the fifth floor. a. on b. in c. at d. above 46/ We didn’t go ______ the party because some friends came to stay with us. a. to b. for c. at d. in 47/ He gave up his job ______ he was ill. a. in spite of b. although c. because of d. because 48/ If I ______ time. I would have gone shopping. a. have had b. had c. had had d. would have 49/ I wish I ______ to type when I was a student. a. had learnt b. would learn c. would have learnt d. learnt 50/ ______ he quits smoking, he will die. a. If b. Unless c. Although d. Because 51/ He spent a whole day ______ the radio. a. repairing b. to repair c. repaired d. repair 52/ More newspapers ______ in this city. a. are selling b. are being sold c. sell d. sold 53/ She sings more ______ than you do. a. beautifully b. beautiful c. well d. badly 54/ The bill ______ before the fifth of the month. a. had to pay b. had to be paid c. had paid d. paid 55/ The tea was ______ hot for her to drink. a. so b. enough c. too d. very 56/ If it doesn’t rain, they ______ for a picnic. a. would go b. have gone c. go d. will go 57/ It was such ______ that nobody believed it. a. crazy story b. crazy c. a crazy story d. story 58/ Their crop was ______ good that they decided to give a party. a. very b. too c. such d. so 59/ She asked how long ______ us to get there. a. it would take b. it will take c. would it take d. will it take 60/ Mrs White ______ on the radio in her car while she ______ home yesterday. a. was turning / was driving b. was turning / drove c. turned / was driving d. turned / drove 61/ She ______ to some music when she suddenly heard a siren. a. listening b. is listening c. was listening d. listened 62/ She looked in her mirror ______ an ambulance behind her. a. saw b. had seen c. and was seeing d. and saw 63/ His plan is similar ______ hers. a. with b. for c. to d. as 64/ This country is very rich _______ natural resources. a. in b. at c. for d. on 65/ Your mother is very kind ______ me. a. to b. of c. with d. for 66/ Smoking is not _________ here. a. allowing b. allowed c. to allow d. allow 67/ He never takes his parents’ _________. a. adviser b. advisory c. advice d. advices 68/ He is ________waiting for the last bus. a. patient b. patiently c. patience d. impatient 69/ With the help of a computer, you can make a business plan ________ . a. likely b. easy c. hardly d. easily 70/ She joined the English speaking club out of ________. a. curiosity b. curious c. curiously d. being curiosity 71/ The child ________ parents died in the air crash is living with his aunt. a. who b. whom c. whose d. that 72/ This place ________ the site of an animal market. a. used to be b. used to being c. used for being d. was used to being 73/ ________ she doesn’t work harder, she’ll lose her job. a. If b. Unless c. Until d. Although 74/ We will miss the plane if we ________ now. a. leave b. don’t leave c. left d. didn’t leave 75/ The day of the meeting ________ again. a. will change b. will be changed c. changes d. will be changing 76/ Unless they ________ a lamp beside that hole, somebody will fall into it. a. don’t leave b. leave c. won’t leave d. will leave 77/ The workers repaired the bridge ________. a. tomorrow b. next week c. last week d. since yesterday 78/ The city ________ we were born is very small. a. which b. in where c. in that d. where 79/ She has studied French _______. a. 5 years ago b. for 5 years c. since 5 years d. in 5 years 80/ They left very early in the morning ________nobody could see them. a. so that b. unless c. if d. because 81/ He is ________ of collecting coins. a. interested b. disappointed c. excited d. fond 82/ What did you do last night ? -I _______ to the movies after I ______ my homework. a.went / do b. had gone / did c. go / did d. went / had done 83/ He wishes he ________ Jane to his party yesterday. a. invited b. would invite c. has invited d. had invited 84/ This is ________ that it is not worth keeping. a. such old furniture b. such an old furniture c. very old furniture d. an old furniture 85/ The lesson was so _______ that most of them fell asleep in the middle. a. uninteresting b. interesting c. bored d. exciting 86/ Those pictures are _______ . a. extreme beautiful b. extremely beautiful c. extremely beautifully d. extreme beautifully 87/ You are very different _______ your brother. a. with b. as c. from d. for 88/ Many cultural_______ were held by the government. a. actions b. activities c. acts d. active 89/ She has a good _______ of science. a. know b. knew c. known d. knowledge 90/ After making a tour____ Thailand, he arrived _____ Tan Son Nhat airport yesterday. a. of / in b. in / in c. in / at d. of / at 91/ The hotel is very famous _____ its pleasant atmosphere. a. with b. for c. about d. in II/ Identify the one underlined word or phrase that must be changed 1. Almost 300 million people had visited America’s national parks every year. a b c. d 2. We have ever read Oliver Twist writing by Charles Dickens. a b c d 3. The police made the robbers telling the true. a b c d 4. The artist whom pictures we saw yesterday is also a concert pianist. a b c d 5. The eyes of some fish enables them to see what is going on in the water a b c d 6. What do you buy flowers? – Because today is Mary’s birthday. a b c d 7. Yesterday, they have been working hard all day so that they could go home early. a b c d 8. Although his bad cough, he kept on smoking. a b c d 9. Will you see any film directed by Stephen yet ? a b c d 10. Although my tiredness, I continue working on the broken machine. a b c d 11. How many time does it take you to come to school? a b c d 12. You have to study harder unless you will fail the examination. a b c d . của động từ trong câu : bằng cách cho lùi về quá khứ một bậc. Direct speech Reported speech - simple present - simple past - present cont - past continuous. Reported speech A. Câu phát biểu - He said : “ I have lost my pen this morning.” He