forestry: nghề làm rừngdisappointment: sự thất vọng, nỗi thất vọng disappoint: làm ai thất vọng disappointed: bị thấtvọng disappointing: gây thất vọng disappointingly: 1 cách đáng thất v
Trang 1UNIT 6: THE ENVIRONMENT
A VOCABULARY
No
1 achieve /əˈtʃiːv/ v đạt được, giành được The team has achieved a lot of success
2 complain /kəmˈpleɪn/ v than phiền, khiếu nại
He is always complaining about everything
3 complaint /kəmˈpleɪnt/ n sự than phiền, lời phàn nàn You have no groundsfor complaint
4 cover /ˈkʌvə/ v che phủ, che đậy The food is covered with plastic wrap
5 creature /ˈkriːtʃər/ n sinh vật, loài vật The strange creatures
come from outer space
6 deforestation /ˌdiːˌfɔːrɪˈsteɪʃn/ n sự tàn phá rừng, hiện tượng rừng bị
tàn phá
There has been rising deforestation recently
7 deliberate /dɪˈlɪbərət/ adj thong thả She spoke in a slow anddeliberate way
8 disappointed /dɪsəˈpɔɪntɪd/ adj thất vọng His parents were disappointed with his
result
People here have to suffer a disgusting smell from a garbage dump
10 dynamite /ˈdaɪnəmaɪt/ n thuốc nổ Using dynamite for fishing is illegal
11 environment /ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt/ n môi trường It's time for us to save our environment
12 exhaust fume /ɪɡˈzɔːst fjuːm/ n khí thải There are too many exhaust fumes in the
air
13 fence /fens/ n hàng rào, rào chắn (bằng gỗ, kim loại) There is a green fence around his house
14 fine /faɪn/ v phạt hành chính He was fined for dangerous driving
15 flow /fləʊ/ n dòng chảy She tried to stop the flow of blood from the
wound
16 fly /flaɪ/ n con ruồi Look! There is a fly in your cup of coffee
17 fly /flaɪ/ v bay I fly back to London this evening
Trang 2there was foam on his moustache.
19 folk /fəʊk/ n người (cách nói thông tục) Her parents are country folk.
into the river
21 hedge /hedʒ/ n hàng rào (hàng cây tiếp nhau), bờ giậu This hedge is private
22 junkyard /dʒʌŋkjɑːd/ n bãi chứa đồ phế thải
Old cars have been moved to the junkyard
in the south of the city
23 leaf – leaves /liːf//liːvz/ sing.n.pl n. lá cây A lot of leaves fell down on the road after
the heavy rain
24 litter /ˈlɪtə/ v vứt rác bừa bãi, bày bừa Please do not litter
covered the sun
26 minimize /ˈmɪnɪmaɪz/ v giảm thiểu tối đa The authority must findurgent solutions to
minimize pollution
It is not easy to persuade him to do the right thing
28 persuasive /pəˈsweɪsɪv/ adj mang tính thuyết
30 pollute /pəˈluːt/ v làm ô nhiễm, gây ô nhiễm The explosion polluted the town with dioxin
31 pollution /pəˈluːʃ(ə)n/ n sự ô nhiễm Environmental pollution is a serious
problem
32 prevent /prɪˈvent/ v ngăn chặn, phòng chống Locks won't prevent a burglar from getting in
33 prohibit /prə(ʊ)ˈhɪbɪt/ v cấm, ngăn cấm Smoking is prohibited here.
34 provide /prəˈvaɪd/ v cung cấp This club provides a good service for this
area
36 questionnaire /ˌkwestʃəˈneə/ n bản câu hỏi Please complete this questionnaire and
return it to us
Trang 337 raw sewage /rɔː suːɪdʒ/ n nước thải chưa qua xử lý
Many factories have discharged raw sewage into rivers
38 recycle /riːˈsaɪk(ə)l/ v tái chế This envelope is made from recycled paper
The number of homeless cases has been reduced slightly
40 respiratory /ˈrespərətɔːri/ adj thuộc hô hấp
Living in the polluted environment can cause some respiratory diseases
41 reuse /riːˈjuːz/ v sử dụng lại, tái sử
dụng
These milk bottles can
be reused
42 rock /rɒk/ n đá, hòn đá, tảng đá There are dangerous rocks around the island
There are at least twenty people in the row
44 sand /sænd/ n cát They mix sand and cement to make
47 spoil /spɔɪl/ v làm hỏng The rain spoiled the performance
48 spray /spreɪ/ v phun ra Champagne sprayed everywhere
dụng
Take the trash out of the house
50 unpolluted /ʌnpəˈluːtɪd/ adj không bị ô nhiễm, chưa bị ô nhiễm This river seems to be unpolluted
51 wrap /ræp/ v gói, bọc lại The book is carefully wrapped
Trang 4forestry: nghề làm rừng
disappointment: sự thất
vọng, nỗi thất vọng disappoint: làm ai thất vọng disappointed: bị thấtvọng
disappointing: gây thất vọng
disappointingly: 1 cách đáng thất vọng
environment: môi trường
harm: sự thiệt hại harm: làm hại harmful: có hại
harmless: vô hại harmfully: có hạipollution: sự ô nhiễm
pollutant: chất gây ô
nhiễm (chemicals,
factory waste)
polluter (n): tác nhân gây
ô nhiễm (cars, factories,
kindness: sự tử tế
unkindness: không có
lòng tốt
kind: tử tế, tốt bụngunkind: không tử tế
kindly: một cách tử tế
unkindly: không tử tế
reduction: sự cắt giảm reduce: cắt giảm, làm
giảmdirection: lời hướng dẫn,
sự chỉ dẫn
director: nhà đạo diễn
direct: hướng dẫn, chỉdẫn
direct: trực tiếpindirect: gián tiếp
directlyindirectly
energy: năng lượng energize: tiếp năng
lượng energetic: năng động, đầy năng
lượng
energetically
recycling: việc tái chế recycle: tái chế recycled: đã được
tái chếsuggestion: lời đề nghị suggest: đề nghị
prohibition: sự ngăn
cấm, luật cấm prohibit: cấm prohibitive: nhằm ngăn cấm, ngăn cản prohibitively: có chiều hướng ngăn
cảnpoliteness: sự lịch sự
impoliteness: sự bất lịch
sự
polite: lịch sự, lễ phép
impolite: bất lịch sự
politely: một cách lịch sự
impolitely: một cáchbất lịch sự
volunteer: tình nguyện;
người tình nguyện
volunteer: tình nguyện
voluntary: tự nguyện
voluntarily: một cách tự nguyện
provider: người cung cấp
provision: sự cung cấp,
provide: cung cấp provisional: tạm
thời, lầm thời
provisionally: tạm thời, lâm thời
Trang 5protection: sự bảo vệ
protector: người bảo vệ,
bảo hộ, giám hộ
protect: bảo vệ protective: che chở
protected: được bảo
vệ che chởunprotected: không được bảo vệ, che chở
protectively: không được che chở, bảo vệ
complaint: sự phàn nàn complaint: phàn nàn
prevention: sự ngăn
ngừa, ngăn cản prevent: ngăn ngừa preventive: ngăn ngừa, phòng ngừa
care: sự chăm sóc care + for: chăm sóc,
nuôi nấng careful: cẩn thậncareless: bất cẩn carefully > < carelessly
* PRACTICE
Choose the word or phrase (A, B, C or D) that best fìts the blank space in each sentence
1 I’m that people have spoiled this area
A glad B pleased C disappointed D satisfied
2 Everyone must take part in _deforestation
A permitting B protecting C persuading D preventing
3 is a piece of land full of rubbish
A Junkyard B Garbage C Hedge D Treasure
4 The local authority should _ the fish catching by electricity
A protected B prohibit C permit D allow
5 Farmers usually use to kill insects and weeds
A dynamite B bags C power D pesticides
6 Plastic bags are very _ to dissolve, so they will cause pollution
7 We can protect our environment by pollution
A covering B providing C minimizing D supplying
8 The government should do something the environmental pollution
9 The students were divided small groups
10 I found this letter _ a pile of books
Give correct formation of these words
1 The air in the city is (pollute)
2 Please listen to the lecture _ (care)
3 An accident happened because of driving _ (care)
4 He was _ that they were not coming (disappoint)
5 Air and water can make people fall ill (pollute)
6 Plastic bags will cause (pollute)
7 Mr Brown is one of the (conserve)
8 We should make our world (pollute)
Trang 69 I’m _ that you didn’t do your homework (disappoint)
10 Listen me you can solve the problem (care)
- Tính từ bổ nghĩa danh từ và đại từ
Eg: It is a white shirt (while là tính từ đứng trước danh từ shirt và bổ nghĩa cho danh từ shirt)Eg: - She is intelligent
- He looks happy
2 Adverbs (trạng từ)
Eg: He is a good student He studies well
=> Trạng từ có chức năng bổ nghĩa cho tất cả các từ loại ngoại trừ danh từ và đại từ.Eg: - She spoke softly (trạng từ softly bổ nghĩa cho động từ thường speak)
- He runs fast (trạng từ fast bổ nghĩa cho động từ thường run)
- She answered me coldly
- It is terribly hot today (trạng từ terribly bổ nghĩa cho tính từ hot)
- The little girl was badly treated
EXERCISE 1 Choose the correct form
1 - I heard Daniel isn’t very ……… (good/ well)
- Well, he fell and hurt himself quite ……… (badly/ bad)
2 – There was a ……… (terrible/ terribly) accident on this road two days ago, wasn’tthere?
- Yes, two people were killed and the driver of the car was ……… (serious/seriously) injured
3 - The weather was so ……… (awful/ awfully) yesterday
- Yes, it was raining quite ……… (heavy/ heavily) so we stayed at home all day
4 - You haven’t cleaned the floor ……… (proper/ properly) It’s still …………
……… (dirty/ dirtily)
- Oh, sorry It is still……… (dirty/ dirtily)
5 - You didn’t look very ……… (happy/ happily) last night
- Well, I was disappointed that I did so ……… (bad/ badly) in the exam
6 – Can you remember what happen?
- I can’t remember ……… (clear/ clearly) It all happened so ……… (sudden/suddenly)
7 - Don’t go up that ladder It doesn’t look ……… (safe/ safely)
- Don’t worry I’ll climb ……… (careful/ carefully)
Trang 78 - Did you go to Sally’s birthday party?
- Yes, It was really a ……… (cheerful/ cheerfully) party Everybody at the party was
……… (colorful/ colorfully) dressed
9 – Why do you look so ……… (nervous/ nervously)?
- Oh, my! I’ve just got a mistake I interrupted my boss while he was on the phone
10 – Have you seen Richard ……… (recent/ recently)?
- Yes, I just met him at Rose’s party two days ago He seemed very ………
(unhappy/ unhappily) He smiled ……… (sad/ sadly) at me when he saw me 11 I am staying in a very ……… (comfortable/ comfortably) hotel in the South of France, near a ……… (nicely/ nice) beach Unfortunately, it has been very ……… (coldly/ cold) and the hotel itself is very ……… (expensive/ expensively) 12 Another problem is that the chief cooks ……… (badly/ bad) The food is not ……… (delicious/ deliciously) and I have been ……… (hungry/ hungrily) most of the time because I have had ……… (great/ greatly) difficulty in finding anything ……… (suitable/ suitably) on the menu 13 However, I have been very impressed by the ……… (beautifully/ beautiful) surroundings and the ……… (kind/ kindly) people It is true that I have suffered a bit from boredom but I always do when I’m not ……… (fully/ full) occupied 14 Sometimes I feel ……… (sleepy/ sleepily) in the middle of the day and have a ……… (shortly/ short) nap, which I am very ……… (thankfully/ thankful) for Unfortunately, I sleep quite ……… (bad/ badly) at night because the people in the room next to me snore ……… (terribly/ terrible) 15 Anyway, I’m leaving this Friday The driver will ……… (probable/ probably) take me two or three days as long as the traffic isn’t too ……… (bad/ badly) I’ll get in touch ……… (immediately/ immediate) as soon as I get home and maybe we can arrange to meet up for the meal EXERCISE 2 Put in the adverbs 1 Emma’s toothache was terrible Emma’s tooth ached ………
2 Henry was angry Henry shouted ………
3 I’m happy sitting here I can sit here ………
4 He was very thoughtful standing there He stood there ………
5 The children seemed cheerful The children played ………
6 The switch is automatic The machine switches itself off ………
7 James is very good at speaking English James speaks English ………
8 The debate should be public We need to debate the matter ………
9 She was charming She walked ……… in front of the audience 10 Everyone was enthusiastic Everyone discussed the idea ………
11 The man had a soft voice The man spoke ………
12 Claire wears expensive clothes Claire dresses ………
13 The runners made a low start They started the race ………
14 The building has to be secure Did you lock all the doors ………
15 I had a strange dream last night I dreamed ………
B Thành phần theo sau tính từ
1 Adjective + to + Vo (Tính từ được theo sau bởi động từ nguyên mẫu có to)
Form: S + be (is/ are/ am) + adj + to + V1
Eg: It is interesting to learn English
Trang 8S be adj to + V1
2 Adjective + that - clause
Form: S + be (is/ are/ am) + Adjective + that – clause (that + S + V)
Trong đó “that-clause” bổ sung nghĩa cho adjective; mang nghĩa “rằng, là, mà”
Eg: I am pleased that you are working hard
adj that-clause
Mệnh đề that (that- clause) thường đứng sau tính từ diễn tả cảm xúc, sự chắc chắn: sad, pleased, excited, disappointed, delighted, glad, afraid, sorry, thankful, certain, sure,
EXERCISE 1 Combine these sentences using Adj + that clause
0 He is worried His business is not going well
-> He is worried that his business is not going well
1 We were disappointed She didn’t keep her promise
III Adverb clauses of reason (mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ lý do)
Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ lý do bắt đầu bằng Because / Since / As nói lên lý do của sự việc được thể hiện qua mệnh đề chính Hai mệnh đề trong câu có thể đổi chỗ cho nhau
Eg: Ba is tired because / since / as he stayed up late watching TV
Form: S + V … + because / since / as + S + V
1 Because/ As/ Since + Mệnh đề (S+V):
- We decided to leave early because/ as/ since the party was boring.
2 Because of + Danh từ/Cụm danh từ
- We cancelled our flight because the weather was bad.
-> We cancelled our flight because of the bad weather.
3 Cách chuyển các câu từ Because về Because of:
Quy tắc 1) Nếu chủ ngữ 2 mệnh đề giống nhau, cùng chỉ chung người hoặc vật
=> Bỏ chủ ngữ , động từ BE và V thêm ING
Because Tom got up late, he didn’t get to school on time.
=> Because of getting up late, he didn’t get to school on time.
Quy tắc 2) Nếu chủ ngữ là danh từ + be + tính từ
=> Đem tính từ đặt trước danh từ, bỏ Động từ BE
Trang 9Because the rain is heavy, we didn’t go to school
=> Because of the heavy rain, we didn’t go to school
Quy tắc 3) Nếu chủ ngữ là đại từ chỉ người + be + tính từ
=> Đổi đại từ thành sở hữu, đổi tính từ thành danh từ, bỏ động từ BE
Because He was sick, his mother took care of him
=> Because of his sickness; his mother took care of him
Quy tắc 4) Nếu câu có dạng: there be + (số lượng) + danh từ
Hoặc : S + have + (số lượng) + N
=> Thì bỏ there be, Because of + (số) + N
Because there was an accident, we can’t go to work on time
=> Because of an accident, we can’t go to work on time
Quy tắc 5) Nếu chủ ngữ là đại từ chỉ người + động từ + trạng từ
=> Đổi đại từ thành sở hữu, V thành danh từ ,trạng từ thành tính từ đặt trước danh từ
Because He behaved politely, many girls like him
=> Because of his polite behavior, many girls like him
EXERCISE 1 Combine these sentences using BECAUSE/ AS/ SINCE
0 I’m going to the post office I have some postcards to send
-> I’m going to the post office because/ as/ since I have some postcards to send
1 Jane was worried She stayed at home alone
EXERCISE 2 Supply either BECAUSE or BECAUSE OF
1 It was difficult to deliver the letter ……… the wrong address
2 We have to cut down on our driving ……… there is an oil shortage
3 Rescue attempts were temporarily stopped ……… the bad weather
4 They visited their friends often ……… they enjoyed their company
5 Paul could not go to the football game ……… his illness
6 Marcella was awarded a scholarship ……… her superior ability
7 Nobody ventured outdoors ……… the hurricane warnings
8 We plan to spend our vacation in the mountains……… the air is purer there
9 We have to drive around the bay ……… the bridge was destroyed in the storm
10 The chickens have died ……… the intense heat
Trang 10EXERCISE 3 Join the following pairs of sentences using because and because of
1 He didn’t go to school It was raining
-> He didn’t go to school because it was raining
-> He didn’t go to school because of the rain
2 The student arrived late There was a traffic jam
III CONDITIONAL SENTENCES TYPE I (câu điều kiện loại 1)
If + S + VHiện tại đơn, S + will + Vo
Chú ý:
1 V hiện tại đơn
- V động từ BE: chia am/is/are Phủ định thêm NOT: am not, is not, are not
- V động từ thường: V1/ Vs/ Ves Phủ định : + do not + Vo
+ does not + Vo
2 Mệnh đề WILL: Có thể dùng WILL, MAY, MIGHT, SHOULD
3 Unless = If not (nếu không)
EXERCISE 1 Choose the correct
1 If you stand on the table, it ……… (will collapse/ would collapse)
2 Unless I (have/ had) ……… a quiet room, I won’t be able to work
3 If I find your passport, I (will phone/ could phone) ……… you at once
4 Someone (will steal/ would steal) ……… your car if you leave it unlocked
5 If she needs a radio, she (can borrow / could borrow) ……… mine
6 I’ll get angry if you (make/ will make) ……… more mistakes
7 If you don’t believe what I said, (ask/ will ask ) ……… your mother
8 If I’m late, he (will be/ would be) ……… disappointed
EXERCISE 2 Write conditional sentences Type 1
1 We (go out ) ……… later if it (stop) ……… raining
2 Do you want to watch TV? I (switch) ……… it on if you (do) ………
3 If we (leave) ……… now, we (not be ) ……… late
4 If Tam (not apologize) ……… to me, I (not speak) ……… tohim anymore
5 ……… you ……… (phone) me tomorrow if you (have) ……… time?
6 If I (not be) ……… too busy tomorrow, I (visit) ……… you
7 If you (not water) ……… the tree everyday, it (die) ………
8 If she (not pass) ……… the exam, her parents (be) ……… veryworried
9 If he (agreed) ……… to help us with the housework, we (finish) ………everything
10 If you (sit) ……… in the back row, you (not see) ……… anything on theblackboard
Trang 1111 I (drop in) ……… to see him if I (finish) ……… work before 5 pm.
12 If your schoolwork (not improve) ………., your parents (be) ………… verydisappointed
13 If you (find) ……… this light bulb too weak, I (get) ……… a strongerfor you
14 If you (press) ……… this key, the computer (start) ……… without theusual beep
15 If he (miss) ……… the train, he (get) ……… the next one
EXERCISE 3 Choose and underline the correct answers
1 If you know where she lives, please let me ……… (know/ knew/ known/ toknow)
2 Unless you understand, I ……… (a/ was/ will/ would) explain it again to you
3 The air in the city is very ……… (pollute/ pollution/ polluted/ pollutant)
4 The accident happened because of driving ……….… (careful/ carefully/ careless/carelessly)
5 He is going to ……… (collect/ collection/ collective/ collector) all the bags
6 If they ……… (are/ were/ have/ had) pupils, they must wear uniforms
7 She was ……… (happy/ happily/ unhappy/ unhappily) because of her bad result
8 She has ……… (kind/ kindly/ kindness/ unkind) provided a picnic lunch for us
9 We ……… (won’t buy/ wouldn’t buy/ haven’t bought/ didn’t buy) this car if it
is expensive
10 If he is careful, he ……… (will/ would/ could/ must) get good marks
11 This newspaper is ……… (publishing/ published/ to publish/ publish)everyday It’s a daily newspaper
12 He shouted and looked ……… (angry/ angrier/ angrily/ anger) at me when Ibroke the vase
13 He is tired now ……… (so/ because/ but/ and) he stayed up late watching TV
14 We are talking about the preservation of ……… (natural/ naturally/ nature/naturalize) resources
15 We’ll make this beach clean and ……… (beauty/ beautify/ beautiful/ beautifully)again
16 She sings very ……… (beauty/ beautify/ beautiful/ beautifully)
17 If the ……… (pollution/ pollute/ polluted/ pollute) continues, what will happen?
18 If it ……… (doesn’t rain/ didn’t rain/ hadn’t rain/ won’t rain), we’ll go to themovies
19 A large number of inhabitants have made ……… (suggest/ suggestion/suggested/ to suggest) on how to protect the environment
20 Be ……… (care/ careful/ carefully/ carelessly)! He is looking at you
21 it is our policy to ……… (protect/ protecting/ to protect/ protected) forest andenvironment
22 Everyone must take part in ……… (prevent/ preventing/ to prevent/ prevented)deforestation
23 I suggest ……… (go/ to go/ going/ went) to the movies
24 They made their living by ……… (catch/ catching/ to catch/ caught) fish in theocean every day
25 If you like this book, I will give it ……… (for/ from/ at/ to) you as my present
26 I was very ……… (amaze/ amazed/ amazing/ amazement) that you won the firstprize
27 If you have ………(a lot of/ many/ lot of/ a lots) money, you can travel abroadthis summer
Trang 1228 If you are a student, you can get a discount ……….(on/ in/ at/ for) books.
29 I won’t go unless you ……….(to pay/ paid/ paying/ pay) me the money back
30 We stayed at home ………(because/ and/ but/ so) it rained heavily
TEST FOR UNIT 6
I Choose the word or phrase (A, B, C or D) that best fits the space in each sentence (3.0 pts.)
1 Vietnamese women prefer to wear modern clothing work
A at B in C to D with
2 – “Would you like to have dinner with me?” - “ .”
A Yes, I would B Why not? C I’d love to D It doesn’t matter
3 _ air is one of the many problems we have to solve
4 Are you looking forward _ my letter?
5 People wanted to see the opening of the ceremony, _they started leaving very early in the morning
A because B so C but D and
6 If you don’t study hard, you the exam
A failed B.will fail C.fail D have failed
7 If you don’t pay the bill within two weeks, electricity will be _
A.turn off B.come off C.cut off D.take off
8 My brother was as the most effective activist in the school charity programme A.said B.nominated C.invited D.appointed
9 I’m going to tell you something important, so please listen
A.care B.careful C.carelessly D.carefully
10 “ _” means a piece of land full of rubbish
A junkyard B treasure C hedge D stream
11 This sign warns you
A not to litter your flowers here
B to hold up your flowers fresher
C not to pick up flowers
D to make up flowers with paper
12 What does the sign say?
A Villagers take care of these gardens
B These gardens are privately owned
C We are looking for a new gardener
D Visitors may not use these gardens
II Read the passage Decide if the statements are True or False (13-16) and choose the correct answer (A, B, C or D) for the questions (17-18) (1.5 pts.)
A combination of sewage, salt, air pollution, sun, sand and wind may destroy the hugestatue on the outskirts of Cairo This statue of the sun god has the body of a lion and the face of
a human being “It” is five thousand years old, but it is too badly damaged to be completely
saved
The statue has already been dug out of the sad three times However, the latest problemsare much more serious First, there are no proper drains and water pipes in the neighborhoodand the underground passages round the statue have become blocked Too much water hasbeen running into the stone statue for several years As a result, tiny pieces of salt have beenleft on the stone and have damaged it
Trang 13Secondly, air pollution from the increasing amount of traffic in Cairo is also destroying the ancient statue The air is so full of poisonous gases that it is making the stone crumble and decay even faster
Thirdly, the statue is being damaged by extremes of temperature For example, although the air is very cold at night, during the day the stone of the statue becomes very hot under the strong sun Other natural forces such as severe sandstorms also attack the statue
Finally, the tourists who visit the statue every day also cause a lot of damage
A Decide the statements True or False (1.0 pt.)
13 According to the passage, the statue is completely saved
14 Tiny pieces of sand have been left on the stone and have damaged it
15 Air pollution is also destroying the ancient statue
16 The visitors also cause lots of damage
………
………
………
………
B Choose the best answer to each of the following questions (0.5 pt.)
17 The word “it” in paragraph 1 refers to _
A the sun god B the huge statue C lion D the face
18 Which of the following is not true?
A The underground passages round the statue are full of waste and water
B Small pieces of salt have been put on the stone of the statue to prevent further damage
C Cars, buses and lorries have polluted the air near the statue
D The statue was built 5000 years ago
III Choose the word or phrase (A, B, C or D) that best fits the space in the following passage (1.5 pts.)
The world's oceans are so vast that they can cope (19) the present levels of pollution However, little is known about the long-term effects of such slow (20) The most serious problem of modern times is (21) man is destroying the earth's natural resources and transforming huge area into wasteland (22) a result, it is becoming extremely difficult to grow enough to feed the world rapidly increasing population A way of protecting all the wildlife on the earth must also be found as many species are in danger of disappearance complete from the face of the earth The dangers, however, are not confined solely for the land and the sea The smoke in the atmosphere, for example, is increasing so much that the amount
of (23) _ have been reduced in many cities Man's whole (24) is being changed
in a serious way
20 A poison B poisoning C poisonous D poisonously
21 A that B which C when D thing
23 A sunlights B sunbeam C sunny D sunlight
24 A environmental B environmentalist C environment D environmentally
IV Use the correct form of the word given in each sentence (1.5pts.)
25 call for the of the countryside (conserve)
26 People must learn about keeping the environment (pollute)
27 It was very of you to leave the medicine where the children could get
it (care)
28 Environmental groups want a total on the dumping of nuclear waste
(prohibit)
29 I am that people have spoiled this area (disappoint)
30 You should _ the amount of water your family uses (reduction)
V Rearrange the groups of words in a correct order to make complete sentences (0.5 pts.)
31 was/ He/ got a/ pleased that/ good job / he/ very/
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UNIT 7: SAVING ENERGY
A VOCABULARY
1 account for /əˈkaʊnt fɔː/ phr.v. chiếm Clothes account for one third of her expenses
2 appliance /əˈplaɪəns/ n đồ dùng, trang thiết bị He just bought a new set of domestic appliances
3 bill /bɪl/ n hóa đơn The bill for their meal came to£17
4 bulb /bʌlb/ n bóng đèn tròn The bulb in the kitchen needs to be changed
5 car pool /kɑː puːl/ n nhóm người cùng đichung một xe hơi You should organize a car pool to reduce traffic jams
6 category /ˈkætəɡɔːri/ n loại, hạng We have various categories of
goods here
7 chopstick /ˈtʃɒpstɪk/ n chiếc đũa He finds it difficult to use chopsticks to eat
8 chore /tʃɔː/ n việc vặt You should help elderly people with their chores
9 conserve /kənˈsəːv/ v bảo tồn, duy trì, gìngiữ People in this city are trying to conserve the historic buildings.
10 conservation /kɒnsəˈveɪʃn/ n sự bảo tồn, sự duy trì This kind of bird is protected byconservation plans
11 consume /kənˈsjuːm/ v tiêu dùng, tiêu thụ People consume a good deal of sugar in drinks
12 consumption /kənˈsʌmpʃn/ n sự tiêu dùng Industrialized countries should reduce their energy
consumption
13 consumer /kənˈsuːmə/ n người tiêu dùng It is necessary to raise consumers' awareness
14 crack /kræk/ n vết nứt, vết rạn There is a crack in his car after the accident
15 decade /ˈdekeɪd/ n thập kỷ, thời kỳ mười năm She has been very famous for a few decades
16 drip /drɪp/ v nhỏ giọt, rỉ nước My house was full of water because the faucet had been
dripping for a long time
17 effectively /ɪˈfektɪvli/ adv một cách có hiệu quả I don't know how to study English effectively
18 efficiency /ɪˈfɪʃnsi/ n hiệu suất cao, năng The reforms will lead to cost
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suất cao, sự hiệu quả efficiency and savings
19 energy-saving /ˈenədʒi ˈseɪvɪŋ/ adj tiết kiệm được nănglượng We should use energy-saving household appliances
20 faucet /ˈfɔːsɪt/ n vòi nước The faucet in the kitchen needs to be repaired
22 household /ˈhaʊshəʊld/ n hộ gia đình My household bill comes to twenty dollars
23 infrastructure /ˈɪnfrəstrʌktʃə/ n cơ sở hạ tầng
It is necessary to improve the infrastructure for better traffic systems
24 innovation /ɪnəˈveɪʃn/ n sự đổi mới
We have seen many technical innovations in this industry in recent years
25 install /ɪnˈstɔːl/ v lắp đặt, cài đặt A fire extinguisher is being installed in this house
26 label /ˈleɪbl/ v dán nhãn These products are labeled before being packaged
27 luxury /ˈlʌkʃri/ n sự xa xỉ, đồ xa xỉ, đồ đắt tiền We can't afford many luxuries
28 model /ˈmɑːdl/ n mẫu, mô hình We would like to have a look at model 321A
29 nuclear /ˈnuːklɪə/ adj thuộc hạt nhân People are against the nuclear test in this area
30 ordinary /ˈɔːdɪneri/ adj bình thường, thông
33 plumber /ˈplʌmə/ n thợ sửa ống nước We had to call a plumber to repair the pipes
34 profitable /ˈprɒfɪtəbl/ adj có lãi, đem lại lợi
nhuận
Using solar energy in manufacturing is profitable for all of us
35 quarter /ˈkwɔːtə/ n một phần tư A quarter of the cake was eaten
36 refrigerator /rɪˈfrɪdʒəreɪtə/ n tủ lạnh Put the vegetables in the
refrigerator
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37 receive /rɪˈsiːv/ v nhận được Thank you for the letter I
received this morning
38 recent /ˈriːsnt/ adj gần đây Recent research has shown that the earth is seriously polluted.
39 replace /rɪˈpleɪs/ v thay thế My father replaced the air-conditioner with a fan
40 regularly /ˈregjʊləli/ adv thường xuyên, đều
đặn
Doing physical exercise regularly will make you healthy
41 resource /rɪˈsɔːs/ n nguồn, nguồn lực
The most important factor for developing the economy is human resources
42 save /seɪv/ v tiết kiệm Because we paid a lot of money for the electric bill last month,
we have to save electric power
43 separate /ˈseprət/ adj riêng, rời nhau, khác nhau The children sleep in separate beds
44 scheme /skiːm/ n kế hoạch, mưu đồ How is your learning scheme?
45 shortage /ˈʃɔːtɪdʒ/ n sự thiếu hụt There is a shortage of water in this area
46 solar energy /ˈsəʊlər ˈenərdʒi / n năng lượng mặt trời Many buildings in some countries are heated by solar
energy
47 source /sɔːs/ n nguồn, nguồn xuất phát He got this information from different sources
48 suggest /səˈdʒest/ v góp ý, gợi ý I suggest you be on time
49 ultimately /ˈʌltɪmətli/ adv cuối cùng, sau cùng Ultimately, all the colonies will become independent
consumer: người tiêu dùng
consume: tiêu thụ consumptive: hao phí
time-consuming: tốn thời gian
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effect: hiệu ứng, hiệu quả
effectiveness: tính hiệu quả
efficiency: năng xuất, việc
làm có hiệu quả
inefficiency: việc làm không
có hiệu quả
effect: thực hiện, làm cho cái gì xảy ra effective: có hiệu lực, có hiệu quả
ineffective: không có hiệu quả
efficient: hiệu quả, có năng xuất
inefficient: không hiệu quả
effectively: có hiệu quả
ineffectively efficiently: có hiệu quả
inefficiently: không hiệu quả
innovation: sự đổi mới, sự
cách tân, sáng kiến
innovator: người cải cách
innovate: đổi mới, cáchtân, có sáng kiến innovational: có tính đổi mới
innovative: sáng tạoinstallation: sự lắp đặt, sự
công thức, giấy biên nhận,
receptive: có tính đón nhận, lĩnh hội
spread: sự trải ra spread: trải, căng ra widespread: lan rộng,
phổ biếnwaste: sự phung phí waste: lãng phí waste: bỏ đi, vô giá trị
wasteful: hoang phí
wastefully: một cáchhoang phí
electricity: điện
electrician: thợ điện electric: có điệnelectrical: thuộc về điện
power: năng lượng, sức
mạnh empower: ủy quyền powerful: hùng mạnh powerfully
cloudless: không mâysun: mặt trời
sun: mặt trời sunny: có nắngsolar: thuộc mặt trời
installation: sự lắp đặt install: lắp đặt, cài đặt
necessity: thứ thiết yếu necessary: cần thiết
unnecessary: không cầnthiết
necessarily: nhất thiết
unnecessarily: không nhất thiết
Trang 19In conclusion: kết luận lại conclude: kết luận
regular: thường xuyên regularly = usually:
thường xuyênconservation:sự bảo tồn, bảo
profit: lợi nhuận, tiền lãi profit: thu lợi, làm có
lợi profitable: có lãi, có lợiích, lợi nhuận profitably: 1 cách cólợi nhuận, sinh lãisuggestion: sự gợi ý suggest: gợi ý suggestive: có tính gợi
ý, gợi nhớ
suggestively: 1 cách gợi ý, gợi nhớ đếnconnection: sự kết nối connect: kết nối
disconnect: mất kết nối connected: đã kết nối, được kết nối, nối kếtunderstanding: sự hiểu biết,
trí tuệ, am hiểu
understand: hiểu understandable: có thể
hiểu đượcunderstanding: có thể thông cảm với
understandably: 1 cách có thể thông cảm
standard: chuẩn, tiêu chuẩn,
trình độ, mức standardize: tiêu chuẩn hóa, chuẩn hóa standard: làm chuẩn, phù hợp tiêu chuẩn
comparison: sự so sánh compare: so sánh, ví comparable: có thể so
đượccomparative: tương đối,
so sánh
comparatively: 1 cách tương đối
* PRACTICE
Choose the word or phrase (A, B, C or D) that best fìts the blank space in each sentence
1 If you want to save money, you should the amount of water your family uses
A increase B reduce C adapt D repair
2 Who is going to your children when you’re at work?
A look for B look up C look after D look out
3 Our energy will soon come to an end if we don’t it
4 The children like to put _- nice clothes when they go out
5 Please turn the gas I want to cook my lunch
6 If you want to save money, you should the amount of water your family uses
A increase B reduce C adapt D prepaid
7 In order to save electricity, an ordinary 100-watt light bulb can be replaced by
A a 1000-watt light B a lamp C an electric bulb D an energy-saving bulb
8 Lan dropped his watch when he was the bus
A.turning off B getting off C.taking off D.going off
Trang 2020 Revision English 9
9 Do you happen to know _?
A what his name B what his name is
C what is his name D what was his name
10 Besides in – class assignments, our teacher often gives some _ for us to do at home
A housework B class work C homework D teamwork
Give correct formation of these words
1 Electricity, gas and water are in Western countries (need)
2 There has been some _ in unemployment recently (reduce)
3 There are a lot of technological designed to save energy (innovate)
4 We find advertising on television very _ (effect)
5 I switched the light off to save (electric)
6 Energy _ includes searching for alternative fuels (conserve)
7 Energy-saving bulbs help _ save money (consume)
8 She needs only one more stamp to complete her (collect)
9 _ friendly energy sources include water and wind power (environment)
10 People who exercise are less likely to feel stress (regular)
11 This is an factory (innovate)
They carry out one after another
12 Put a _ on a piece of clothing, please (label)
This is a machine for wine bottles
What is the purpose of the scheme?
13 , he came (ultimate)
14 What are Westem _ interested in? (consume)
They’ve measured the cai’s fuel _ ,
Gas and oil always increases in cold weather
15 There is no need to look so _ (worry)
Your parents are about you
She appeared _ by criticism
He glanced _ at his father
16 We aim to help the families (poor)
They’re too _ to buy shoes for the kids
17 She was _ pleased that she passed the exam (extreme)
18 Energy-saving bulbs should be used to save _ (electric)
Let’s have an _repair the _iron
19 They spent a _ weekend at a hotel (luxury)
Now we’ll be able to live in _ for the rest of our lives
She stretched on the bed
20 He’s a good (account)
Who are you to in the organization?
The show a profit of £9000
Lightings for 10% to 15% of the electricity bill
B GRAMMAR
I Connectives (Từ nối câu)
1 Coordinating conjunctions (liên từ kết hợp)
+ AND : nối thêm ý vào mệïnh đề trước nó
+ BUT : đưa ra một ý tương phản với mệnh đề trước nó
+ FOR : đưa ra một lý do giải thích cho hành động ở mệnh đềø trước
Trang 2121 Revision English 9
+ OR : nói lên sự lựa chọn
+ SO : đề cập đến kết quả của hành động ở mệnh đề trước
Eg: - Lan is sick and she can not go to school.
but she can go to school.
for she was in the rain all day
or she is not fine today.
so she has to stay in bed
2 Transition words (Từ chuyển ý) – dùng để nối 2 ý liên quan lại với nhau
+ Moreover - Furthermore (hơn nữa) Dùng để thêm thông tin cho ý thứ nhất
Eg: This bike is very beautiful, moreover, it wasn’t expensive.
+ However - Nevertheless (mặc dù, tuy vậy) dùng để diễn tả ý ngược với ý thứ nhất.
Eg: The weather is very beautiful today; however, I don’t like to go for a picnic.
+ Therefore – Thus (do vậy) nói lên kết quả của ý thứ nhất.
Eg: the weather was too bad ; therefore, we decided not to go for a picnic.
EXERCISE 1 Fill in the blank with a suitable connective “AND/ BUT/ SO/ THOUGH/ HOWEVER/ OR/ THEREFORE/ BECAUSE”
1 Gas, water _ electricity are very necessary for everybody’s life
2 her mother was seriously ill, she has to stay home to look after her
3 Minh was not at home, _ I spoke to his parents
4 I like soccer _ I am not a very good player
5 Vu hasn’t finished his homework , his parents do not allow him to go out with hisfriends
6 At first, we intended to spend our holidays in Dalat, we changed our mind
7 It’s 6.30, Tan! Hurry up you’ll be late for school
8 Ngoc worked extremely hard _, she passed the exam easily
9 I can’t decide where to go this weekend I may go to the movies with Ha _ stay homewith my cousin
10 Tam has no class today , she stays home to help her mother
11 Don’t be late again _ you’ll be punished!
12 I know her telephone number, I don’t know her address
13 Nam had a traffic accident _ had to be rushed to hospital
14 Which do you prefer, milk orange juice?
15 Vu had problem with his bike _, he came to class very late
16 Tien Peter have been pen pals for quite a long time
17 It rained heavily, we had to cancel our picnic
18 Lan missed her bus _, she managed to come to class on time
19 He didn’t eat anything _ he was very hungry
20 He goes to school regularly he’s seriously ill
EXERCISE 2 Rewrite each of the sentences so that the meaning stays the same
1 She laughed The boy’s face was funny