Lecture Dynamic business law - Chapter 32: Bankruptcy and reorganization

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Lecture Dynamic business law - Chapter 32: Bankruptcy and reorganization

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After reading this chapter, you will be able to answer the following questions: What are the goals of the Bankruptcy Act? What is the basic set of procedures for bankruptcy cases? What specific types of relief are available through bankruptcy?

Chapter 32 Bankruptcy and  Reorganization Copyright © 2015 McGraw­Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw­Hill Education The Bankruptcy Act And Its Goals  Provide debtors with opportunity to realize a “fresh  financial start”  Offer protection to creditors 32­2 Bankruptcy Law Is A Matter  Of Federal Jurisdiction United States Constitution Article I, Section 8:   “Congress shall have the power…To establish… uniform laws on the subject of bankruptcies  throughout the United States” 32­3 The Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer  Protection Act of 2005 (BAPCPA)  Most comprehensive change to bankruptcy law in over 25  years  BAPCPA Effect:  More difficult for individual debtor to  qualify for Chapter 7 (Liquidation) bankruptcy 32­4 Reasons Cited For The Bankruptcy Abuse  Prevention and Consumer Protection Act of 2005  Increased number of bankruptcy filings  Significant creditor losses associated with bankruptcy  filings  Debtor abuse of bankruptcy protection rights  Debtor ability to repay 32­5 Exhibit 32­1:  Types of Bankruptcy Relief by  Chapter  Chapter 7 Bankruptcy:  Sale of non­exempt assets, and distribution of  money to creditors  Chapter 9 Bankruptcy:  Adjustment of municipalities’ debts  Chapter 11 Bankruptcy:  Reorganization of debtor’s financial affairs under  supervision of bankruptcy court  Chapter 12 Bankruptcy:  Reorganization of family farmers’ debts  Chapter 13 Bankruptcy:  Reorganization of individual’s debts  Chapter 15 Bankruptcy:  Recognition of insolvency proceedings pending  in foreign country, and relief for foreign debtors 32­6 Exhibit 32­2:  Bankruptcy Filing Statistics, Calendar  Year 2011  Total Filings­ 1,410,653  Consumer Filings­ 1,362,847  Business Filings­      47,806  Chapter 7­    992,332  Chapter 11­      11,529  Chapter 12­           637  Chapter 13­    406,084 32­7 Attributes of Bankruptcy Cases  Procedural rules for bankruptcy cases set forth in Federal  Bankruptcy Rules  Cases filed in federal district courts and referred to bankruptcy  judges  Bankruptcy judges appointed and serve 14­year terms; judges  make decisions regarding administration of bankruptcy  proceedings  Bankruptcy appeals proceed to federal district court judge 32­8 Bankruptcy Proceedings  Bankruptcy petition filed  Court grants automatic stay, “freezing” creditor actions outside bankruptcy  court against debtor’s estate  Court determines whether order of relief should be granted  Creditors meet with debtor  Payment plan created and approved, usually by creditors and court  Payment plan carried out through actions of trustee and debtor  Debts remaining after plan executed usually discharged 32­9 Chapter 7 Bankruptcy:  “Voluntary” Versus  “Involuntary” Petition  Voluntary Petition:  Debtor files  Involuntary Petition:  Creditor(s) file, forcing debtor into bankruptcy  Twelve or more creditors:  Three or more creditors with unsecured  claims totaling at least $14,425 must sign involuntary petition  Less than twelve creditors:  Single creditor with claim totaling at least  $14,425 can file involuntary petition 32­10 Exhibit 32­3:  Required Schedules For Chapter 7 Liquidation (Debtor Required To File)  Schedule A:  All real property  Schedule B:  All personal property  Schedule C:  Exempt property listed in Schedules A and B  Schedule D:  Secured creditors and their addresses  Schedule E:  Unsecured priority claims  Schedule F:  Unsecured non­priority claims  Schedule G:  Executory contracts and expired leases  Schedule H.  List of co­debtors  Schedule I:  Statement of debtor’s current income  Schedule J:  Statement of current expenditures 32­11 Exhibit 32­4:  Federal Bankruptcy Exemptions  Up to $21,625 for residence (“homestead” exemption)  Interest in motor vehicle up to $3,450  Interest, up to $550 for particular item, in personal and  household goods (aggregate total limited to $11,525)  Interest in jewelry up to $1,450  $1,150 of any property debtor chooses (“wild­card”  exemption) 32­12 Exhibit 32­4:  Federal Bankruptcy Exemptions  (Continued)  Up to $2,175 in “tools of trade” and professional books  Any unmatured life insurance contract owned by debtor  Professionally prescribed health aids  Right to receive certain personal injury awards up to $21,625  Retirement funds in IRA/SEP up to $1,171,650 per person 32­13 Voidable Transfers  Preferential Payments:  Trustee can recover (and include in  bankruptcy estate) payments made by insolvent debtor that  give preferential treatment to one creditor over another, if  debtor made such payments within 90 days of bankruptcy  filing  Fraudulent Transfers:  Trustee can recover (and include in  bankruptcy estate) transfers made with intent to defraud  creditors, if debtor made such transfers within two years of  bankruptcy filing 32­14 Exhibit 32­5:  Classes of Priority Claims Among  Unsecured Creditors  Class 1:  Alimony/child support  Class 2:  Court costs, trustee fees, attorney, fees, other costs associated  with administration of bankruptcy estate  Class 3:  Unsecured claims in involuntary bankruptcy that arise through  debtor’s ordinary business expenses, from date of filing petition to date of  trustee appointment  Class 4:  Unsecured claims for unpaid wages, salaries, and commissions  earned within 180 days of filing of petition  Class 5:  Unsecured claims for contributions to employee retirement plans 32­15 Exhibit 32­5:  Classes of Priority Claims Among  Unsecured Creditors (Continued)  Class 6:  Unsecured claims by farmers and fishers against grain operators  of grain storage facilities /fish storage/processing facilities  Class 7:  Claims for deposits given to debtor in connection with  property/services never given  Class 8:  Certain taxes and penalties due government  Class 9:  Claims in bankruptcies related to federal depository institutions  Class 10:  Unsecured claims for personal injuries and deaths caused by  debtor’s operation of motor vehicle under influence of alcohol/drugs 32­16 Exhibit 32­6:  Non­Dischargeable Debts Under The  Bankruptcy Code  Claims for back taxes/government fines within 3 years of bankruptcy filing  Claims for liabilities against debtor for his/her obtaining money/property  under false pretenses, false representation, or fraud  Claims by creditors not listed on schedule and who did not have  notification of bankruptcy proceedings  Claims based on fraud, embezzlement, and larceny by debtor while he/she  acting in fiduciary capacity  Alimony, child support, and certain property settlements 32­17 Exhibit 32­6:  Non­Dischargeable Debts Under The  Bankruptcy Code (Continued)  Claims of willful/malicious conduct by debtor that caused injury to another  person/property  Specific student loans, unless payment of loans would impose “undue  hardship” on debtor  Judgments against debtor for claims resulting from debtor’s driving under  the influence  Debts not discharged in previous bankruptcies  Claims for money borrowed to pay tax to federal government that would  be non­dischargeable  Cash advances on credit card 32­18 Exhibit 32­7:  Largest Corporate Bankruptcy Filings Company, Filing Date, and Pre­Bankruptcy Assets (In Billions)          Lehman Brothers Holdings, Inc., 2008, $639 Washington Mutual, 2008, $327.9 Worldcom, Inc., 2002, $103.9 General Motors Corporation, 2009, $91 CIT Group, 2009, $71 Enron Corporation, 2001, $65.5 Conseco, Inc., 2002, $61.3 MF Global Holdings, 2011, $40.5 Chrysler, 2009, $39.3 32­19 ... Exhibit 32­1:  Types of Bankruptcy Relief by  Chapter  Chapter 7 Bankruptcy:   Sale of non­exempt assets, and distribution of  money to creditors  Chapter 9 Bankruptcy:   Adjustment of municipalities’ debts  Chapter 11 Bankruptcy:   Reorganization of debtor’s financial affairs under ... Chapter 11 Bankruptcy:   Reorganization of debtor’s financial affairs under  supervision of bankruptcy court  Chapter 12 Bankruptcy:   Reorganization of family farmers’ debts  Chapter 13 Bankruptcy:   Reorganization of individual’s debts  Chapter 15 Bankruptcy:   Recognition of insolvency proceedings pending ... Business Filings­      47,806  Chapter 7­    992,332  Chapter 11­      11,529  Chapter 12­           637  Chapter 13­    406,084 32­7 Attributes of Bankruptcy Cases  Procedural rules for bankruptcy cases set forth in Federal 

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Mục lục

  • The Bankruptcy Act And Its Goals

  • Bankruptcy Law Is A Matter Of Federal Jurisdiction

  • The Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection Act of 2005 (BAPCPA)

  • Reasons Cited For The Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection Act of 2005

  • Exhibit 32-1: Types of Bankruptcy Relief by Chapter

  • Exhibit 32-2: Bankruptcy Filing Statistics, Calendar Year 2011

  • Attributes of Bankruptcy Cases

  • Chapter 7 Bankruptcy: “Voluntary” Versus “Involuntary” Petition

  • Exhibit 32-3: Required Schedules For Chapter 7 Liquidation (Debtor Required To File)

  • Exhibit 32-4: Federal Bankruptcy Exemptions

  • Exhibit 32-4: Federal Bankruptcy Exemptions (Continued)

  • Exhibit 32-5: Classes of Priority Claims Among Unsecured Creditors

  • Exhibit 32-5: Classes of Priority Claims Among Unsecured Creditors (Continued)

  • Exhibit 32-6: Non-Dischargeable Debts Under The Bankruptcy Code

  • Exhibit 32-6: Non-Dischargeable Debts Under The Bankruptcy Code (Continued)

  • Exhibit 32-7: Largest Corporate Bankruptcy Filings

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