kiến trúc máy tính phạm minh cường chương ter1 computer abstractions and technology [sinhvienzone.com]

e co m Computer Architecture Si nh Vi en Z on Chapter 1: Computer Abstractions and Technology Dr Phạm Quốc Cường Adapted from Computer Organization the Hardware/Software Interface – 5th Computer Engineering – CSE – HCMUT SinhVienZone.com https://fb.com/sinhvienzonevn m The Computer Revolution e co • The third revolution along with agriculture and industry • Progress in computer technology on – Underpinned by Moore’s Law Vi Computers in automobiles Cell phones Human genome project World Wide Web Search Engines Si nh – – – – – en Z • Makes novel applications feasible • Computers are pervasive Chapter 1: Computer Technology SinhVienZone.com https://fb.com/sinhvienzonevn Si nh Vi en Z on e co m The Moore’s Law Co-founder of Intel Corp The number of transistors integrated in a chip has doubled every 18-24 months (1975) Chapter 1: Computer Technology SinhVienZone.com https://fb.com/sinhvienzonevn m Intel Processors & Chips e co • World record, in terms of the number of transistors integrated into a chip: – Altera FPGA device: 30+ Billions on • Intel processor Si nh Vi en Z – Core i 7th generation (Kaby Lake) ==> Coffee Lake – 14 nm technology – >1.4B transistors (6th generation – SkyLake) Chapter 1: Computer Technology SinhVienZone.com https://fb.com/sinhvienzonevn Si nh Vi en Z on e co m The First “Computer” Source: Internet Chapter 1: Computer Technology SinhVienZone.com https://fb.com/sinhvienzonevn Si nh Vi en Z on e co m The First “Computer” (cont.) The ENIAC Computer, source: US Army photo Chapter 1: Computer Technology SinhVienZone.com https://fb.com/sinhvienzonevn Vi en Z on e co 30+ tons 1,500+ square feet (140 square meter) 18,000+ vacuum tubes 140+ KW power 5,000+ additions per second Si nh • • • • • m The ENIAC Computer Chapter 1: Computer Technology SinhVienZone.com https://fb.com/sinhvienzonevn • m A Brief History of Computers The first generation The second generation on • Vi The third generation – 1965 – 1980 – Integrated circuits The current generation Si nh • en Z – Transistors – 1955 – 1965 • e co – Vacuum tubes – 1946 – 1955 – 1980 - … – Personal computers • What’s the next? – Quantum computers? – Memristor? Chapter 1: Computer Technology SinhVienZone.com https://fb.com/sinhvienzonevn m Classes of Computers e co • Personal computers en Z on – General purpose, variety of software – Subject to cost/performance tradeoff Vi • Server computers Si nh – Network based – High capacity, performance, reliability – Range from small servers to building sized Chapter 1: Computer Technology SinhVienZone.com https://fb.com/sinhvienzonevn m Classes of Computers e co • Supercomputers en Z on – High-end scientific and engineering calculations – Highest capability but represent a small fraction of the overall computer market Si nh Vi • Embedded computers – Hidden as components of systems – Stringent power/performance/cost constraints Chapter 1: Computer Technology SinhVienZone.com 10 https://fb.com/sinhvienzonevn ... Chapter 1: Computer Technology SinhVienZone.com https://fb.com/sinhvienzonevn Si nh Vi en Z on e co m The First ? ?Computer? ?? (cont.) The ENIAC Computer, source: US Army photo Chapter 1: Computer Technology. .. Personal computers • What’s the next? – Quantum computers? – Memristor? Chapter 1: Computer Technology SinhVienZone.com https://fb.com/sinhvienzonevn m Classes of Computers e co • Personal computers...m The Computer Revolution e co • The third revolution along with agriculture and industry • Progress in computer technology on – Underpinned by Moore’s Law Vi Computers in automobiles