Operating System: Chapter 5 - Input/Output presents about Principles of I/O hardware, Principles of I/O software, I/O software layers, Disks, Clocks, Character-oriented terminals, Graphical user interfaces, Network terminals, Power management.
Trang 2Principles of I/O Hardware
Some typical device, network, and data base rates
Trang 5MemoryMapped I/O (2)
(a) A singlebus architecture
(b) A dualbus memory architecture
Trang 6Direct Memory Access (DMA)
Operation of a DMA transfer
Trang 10Programmed I/O (1)
Steps in printing a string
Trang 11Programmed I/O (2)
Writing a string to the printer using
programmed I/O
Trang 14I/O Software Layers
Layers of the I/O Software System
Trang 18DeviceIndependent I/O Software (1)
Functions of the deviceindependent I/O software
Uniform interfacing for device drivers Buffering
Error reporting Allocating and releasing dedicate devices Providing a deiceindependent block size
Trang 19DeviceIndependent I/O Software (2)
(a) Without a standard driver interface(b) With a standard driver interface
Trang 21DeviceIndependent I/O Software (4)
Networking may involve many copies
Trang 22UserSpace I/O Software
Layers of the I/O system and the main
functions of each layer
Trang 24Disk Hardware (2)
• Physical geometry of a disk with two zones
• A possible virtual geometry for this disk
Trang 25Disk Hardware (3)
• Raid levels 0 through 2
• Backup and parity drives are shaded
Trang 26Disk Hardware (4)
• Raid levels 3 through 5
• Backup and parity drives are shaded
Trang 27Disk Hardware (5)
Recording structure of a CD or CDROM
Trang 28Disk Hardware (6)
Logical data layout on a CDROM
Trang 30Disk Hardware (8)
A double sided, dual layer DVD disk
Trang 31Disk Formatting (1)
A disk sector
Trang 32Disk Formatting (2)
An illustration of cylinder skew
Trang 35Disk Arm Scheduling Algorithms (2)
Shortest Seek First (SSF) disk scheduling algorithm
Initial position
Pending requests
Trang 36Disk Arm Scheduling Algorithms (3)
The elevator algorithm for scheduling disk requests
Trang 38Stable Storage
Analysis of the influence of crashes on stable writes
Trang 39Clocks
Clock Hardware
A programmable clock
Trang 40Clock Software (1)
Three ways to maintain the time of day
Trang 41Clock Software (2)
Simulating multiple timers with a single clock
Trang 44• Central buffer pool
• Dedicated buffer for each terminal
Input Software (1)
Trang 45Input Software (2)
Characters handled specially in canonical mode
Trang 50Output Software for Windows (1)
Sample window located at (200,100) on XGA display
Trang 51Output Software for Windows (2)
Skeleton of a Windows main program (part 1)
Trang 52Output Software for Windows (3)
Skeleton of a Windows main program (part 2)
Trang 53Output Software for Windows (4)
An example rectangle drawn using Rectangle
Trang 54Output Software for Windows (5)
• Copying bitmaps using BitBlt.
– before– after
Trang 55Output Software for Windows (6)
Examples of character outlines at different point sizes
Trang 56Network Terminals
X Windows (1)
Clients and servers in the M.I.T. X Window System
Trang 57X Windows (2)
Skeleton of an X Windows application program
Trang 58The SLIM Network Terminal (1)
The architecture of the SLIM terminal system
Trang 59The SLIM Network Terminal (2)
Messages used in the SLIM protocol from the server to the terminals
Trang 60Power Management (1)
Power consumption of various parts of a laptop computer
Trang 61Power management (2)
The use of zones for backlighting the display