(BQ) Part 1 book Medical terminology incredibly easy has contents: Key concepts of medical terminology, body structure, skeletal system, muscular system, integumentary system, cardiovascular system, respiratory system,... and other contents.
845500FM.qxd 8/19/08 7:17 PM Page i Medical Terminology y l b i d e r c In asy! E e d a m ® 845500FM.qxd 8/19/08 7:17 PM Page ii Staff Executive Publisher Judith A Schilling McCann, RN, MSN Editorial Director David Moreau Clinical Director Joan M Robinson, RN, MSN Art Director Mary Ludwicki Electronic Project Manager John Macalino Senior Managing Editor Jaime Stockslager Buss, MSPH, ELS Clinical Project Manager Lorraine M Hallowell, RN, BSN, RVS Editors Karen Comerford, Liz Schaeffer Copy Editor Dorothy Terry The clinical treatments described and recommended in this publication are based on research and consultation with nursing, medical, and legal authorities To the best of our knowledge, these procedures reflect currently accepted practice Nevertheless, they can’t be considered absolute and universal recommendations For individual applications, all recommendations must be considered in light of the patient’s clinical condition and, before administration of new or infrequently used drugs, in light of the latest package-insert information The authors and publisher disclaim any responsibility for any adverse effects resulting from the suggested procedures, from any undetected errors, or from the reader’s misunderstanding of the text © 2009 by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins All rights reserved This book is protected by copyright No part of it may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means—electronic, mechanical, photocopy, recording, or otherwise—without prior written permission of the publisher, except for brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews and testing and evaluation materials provided by the publisher to instructors whose schools have adopted its accompanying textbook Printed in the United States of America For information, write Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 323 Norristown Road, Suite 200, Ambler, PA 19002-2756 MedTermIE3010608 Designer Georg W Purvis IV Illustrator Bot Roda Digital Composition Services Diane Paluba (manager), Joyce Rossi Biletz, Donna S Morris Associate Manufacturing Manager Beth J Welsh Editorial Assistants Karen J Kirk, Jeri O’Shea, Linda K Ruhf Indexer Barbara Hodgson Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Medical terminology made incredibly easy! — 3rd ed p ; cm Includes bibliographical references and index Medicine — Terminology Medical sciences — Terminology I Lippincott Williams & Wilkins [DNLM: Terminology as Topic W 15 M4887 2009] R123.M394 2009 610.1'4 dc22 ISBN-13: 978-0-7817-8845-8 (alk paper) ISBN-10: 0-7817-8845-5 (alk paper) 2008011400 845500FM.qxd 8/19/08 7:17 PM Page iii Contents Contributors and consultants iv Not another boring foreword v Key concepts of medical terminology Body structure 19 Skeletal system 41 Muscular system 69 Integumentary system 91 Cardiovascular system 117 Respiratory system 143 Gastrointestinal system 171 Urinary system 197 10 Reproductive system 219 11 Maternal health 243 12 Neurologic system 267 13 Endocrine system 299 14 Blood and lymphatic system 319 15 Sensory system 339 16 Pharmacology 359 17 Mental health 385 Selected references 405 Index 406 iii 845500FM.qxd 8/19/08 7:17 PM Page iv Contributors and consultants Helen Christina Ballestas, RN, MSN, CRRN, PHD[C] Nursing Faculty New York Institute of Technology Old Westbury Kim Davis, MSN ICU Nurse Manager Ralph H Johnson VA Medical Center Charleston, S.C Vivian C Gamblian, RN, MSN Nursing Faculty Baylor University Louise Herrington School of Nursing Dallas, Tex Donna Headrick, RN, MSN, FNP Taft Community College Advanced Cosmetic Dermatology Bakersfield, Calif Shelley Huffstutler-Hawkins, DSN, APRN-BC, FNP, GNP, FAANP Post Doctoral Fellow University of North Carolina – Chapel Hill School of Nursing Julia Anne Isen, RN, BS, MSN, FNP-C FNP-C Primary Care University of California, San Francisco Hope Siddons Knight, RN, BSN Nursing Faculty Redlands Community College El Reno, Okla Megan McClintock, RN, BSN Nursing Faculty Redlands Community College El Reno, Okla Aaron Pack, RN, BSN Nursing Informatics Specialist Redlands Community College El Reno, Okla Noel C Piano, RN, MS Instructor/Coordinator Lafayette School of Practical Nursing Williamsburg, Va Adjunct Faculty Thomas Nelson Community College Hampton, Va Angela R Roughley, RN Registered Nurse – Critical Care Unit Deaconess Hospital Oklahoma City, Okla iv Donna Scemons, RN, MSN, FNP-C, CNS, CWOCN Nurse Practitioner Healthcare Systems, Inc Castaic, Calif Marilyn D Sellers, APRN, BC, MSN FNP – Behavioral Science/Mental Health VA Medical Center Hampton, Va Connie K Smith, RN, MS Clinical Education Coordinator Memorial Hospital of Union County Marysville, Ohio Jennifer K Sofie, APRN, MSN Adjunct Assistant Professor & Nurse Practitioner Montana State University Bozeman Benita Walton-Moss, APRN, BC, DNS Associate Professor Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing Baltimore, Md 845500FM.qxd 8/19/08 7:17 PM Page v Not another boring foreword If you’re like me, you’re too busy caring for your patients to have the time to wade through a foreword that uses pretentious terms and umpteen dull paragraphs to get to the point So let’s cut right to the chase! Here’s why this book is so terrific: It will teach you all the important things you need to know about medical terminology (And it will leave out all the fluff that wastes your time.) It will help you remember what you’ve learned It will make you smile as it enhances your knowledge and skills Don’t believe me? Try these recurring logos on for size: Pump up your pronunciation—charts at the beginning of each chapter that help you “talk to the walk” by sounding out the most difficult terms Anatomically speaking—anatomic images that bring you face to face with the structures you’re trying to pronounce Beyond the dictionary—sidebars on the origins of words, which can help you remember and dissect their meanings The real world—tidbits on more informal terminology that you may hear used in daily practice v 845500FM.qxd vi 8/19/08 7:17 PM Page vi FOREWORD See? I told you! And that’s not all Look for me and my friends in the margins throughout this book We’ll be there to explain key concepts, provide important care reminders, and offer reassurance Oh, and if you don’t mind, we’ll be spicing up the pages with a bit of humor along the way, to teach and entertain in a way that no other resource can I hope you find this book helpful Best of luck throughout your career! Joy 845501.qxd 8/19/08 4:01 PM Page 1 Key concepts Healthofassessment medical terminology Just the facts In this chapter, you’ll learn: ♦ dissection of medical terms ♦ meaning determination of medical terms using roots, prefixes, and suffixes Dissecting medical terms Because many medical terms derive from Greek and Latin, learning medical terminology is like learning a new language Understanding these terms can be easier if you know how to analyze key elements and identify word associations Take it apart Most medical terms are a combination of two or more parts If you can successfully interpret each part, you can usually grasp the essential meaning of the word Thus, interpreting the meaning of a medical term requires knowledge of common medical roots, prefixes, and suffixes Root it out A root is the essential component of a word Many medical roots signify a disease, procedure, or body part Some roots appear at the beginning of a word, whereas others appear after a prefix, before a suffix, or between a prefix and a suffix In addition, two or more roots may be combined to form a word, as in cardi-o-pulmonary and cardi-o-vascular The letter o is the most commonly used combining vowel Here are some examples of roots used in different positions: Deciphering medical terminology requires deduction, my dear Watson 845501.qxd 8/19/08 4:01 PM Page KEY CONCEPTS OF MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY • a root at the beginning of a word—angioedema (angi is a root that means vessel) • a root in the middle of a word—encephalic (cephal is a root that means head) • a root at the end of a word—scleroderma (derm is a root that means skin) • a combination of roots—phototherapy (photo is a root that means light; therapy is a root that means treatment) In the beginning A prefix consists of one or more letters attached to the beginning of a root Many prefixes used for medical terms are also applied to standard English vocabulary To determine the meaning of a prefix in a medical term, consider a familiar word that begins with the same prefix For example, the prefix anti- has the same meaning—against—in both antislavery and antihistamine, literally against slavery and against histamine (the compound that produces allergic reactions) At last A suffix is one or more letters attached to the end of a root When a suffix begins with a consonant, a combining vowel, such as o, is placed before the suffix Common use of suffixes in medical terminology includes adding a -y to a word to denote a procedure, such as gastroscopy, which means endoscopic examination of the stomach Similarly, adding -ly to a word denotes an act or process; for example, splenomegaly, which means the abnormal enlargement of the spleen Break it down; build it up With a bit of practice, you’ll quickly discover how easy it can be to interpret the parts of a medical term and then combine them to identify the term’s meaning For example, in acrocyanosis, the root acr (extremities) and the vowel o are combined with the root cyan (blue) and the suffix -osis (condition) to form a term that means a condition characterized by blue extremities (For another example of how to dissect a medical term to decipher its meaning, see ’Dem bones.) If you can understand the building blocks, then you’ll have the foundation for learning even the most complicated medical terminology ... Wilkins [DNLM: Terminology as Topic W 15 M4887 2009] R123.M394 2009 610 .1' 4 dc22 ISBN -13 : 978-0-7 817 -8845-8 (alk paper) ISBN -10 : 0-7 817 -8845-5 (alk paper) 2008 011 400 845500FM.qxd 8 /19 /08 7 :17 PM Page... Good luck! 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Across Suffix meaning production Root for cancer Root for decay 10 Root for fat 11 Suffix in splenectomy means this (two words) 13 An eponymic... system 19 7 10 Reproductive system 219 11 Maternal health 243 12 Neurologic system 267 13 Endocrine system 299 14 Blood and lymphatic system 319 15 Sensory system 339 16 Pharmacology 359 17 Mental