Part 1 book “Textbook of preclinical conservative dentistry” has contents: Introduction to preclinical conservative dentistry, morphology of permanent teeth, morphology of primary teeth, structure, nomenclature and tooth physiology, chair position and dental operatory, dental caries, armamentarium.
Textbook of Preclinical Conservative Dentistry Textbook of Preclinical Conservative Dentistry Second Edition Editors Nisha Garg BDS MDS (Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics) Professor Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics Bhojia Dental College and Hospital Baddi, Himachal Pradesh, India Amit Garg BDS MDS (Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery) Associate Professor Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Sri Sukhmani Dental College and Hospital Dera Bassi, Mohali, Punjab, India Foreword AP Tikku The Health Sciences Publisher New Delhi | London | Philadelphia | Panama Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd Headquarters Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd 4838/24, Ansari Road, Daryaganj New Delhi 110 002, India Phone: +91-11-43574357 Fax: +91-11-43574314 Email: jaypee@jaypeebrothers.com Overseas Offices J.P Medical Ltd 83 Victoria Street, London SW1H 0HW (UK) Phone: +44 20 3170 8910 Fax: +44 (0)20 3008 6180 Email: info@jpmedpub.com Jaypee-Highlights Medical Publishers Inc City of Knowledge, Bld 235, 2nd Floor, Clayton Panama City, Panama Phone: +1 507-301-0496 Fax: +1 507-301-0499 Email: cservice@jphmedical.com Jaypee Medical Inc 325 Chestnut Street Suite 412, Philadelphia, PA 19106, USA Phone: +1 267-519-9789 Email: support@jpmedus.com Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd 17/1-B Babar Road, Block-B, Shaymali Mohammadpur, Dhaka-1207 Bangladesh Mobile: +08801912003485 Email: jaypeedhaka@gmail.com Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd Bhotahity, Kathmandu Nepal Phone: +977-9741283608 Email: kathmandu@jaypeebrothers.com Website: www.jaypeebrothers.com Website: www.jaypeedigital.com © 2017, Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers The views and opinions expressed in this book are solely those of the original contributor(s)/author(s) and not necessarily represent those of editor(s) of the book All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission in writing of the publishers All brand names and product names used in this book are trade names, service marks, trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners The publisher is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book Medical knowledge and practice change constantly This book is designed to provide accurate, authoritative information about the subject matter in question However, readers are advised to check the most current information available on procedures included and check information from the manufacturer of each product to be administered, to verify the recommended dose, formula, method and duration of administration, adverse effects and contraindications It is the responsibility of the practitioner to take all appropriate safety precautions Neither the publisher nor the author(s)/editor(s) assume any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property arising from or related to use of material in this book This book is sold on the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in providing professional medical services If such advice or services are required, the services of a competent medical professional should be sought Every effort has been made where necessary to contact holders of copyright to obtain permission to reproduce copyright material If any have been inadvertently overlooked, the publisher will be pleased to make the necessary arrangements at the first opportunity Inquiries for bulk sales may be solicited at: jaypee@jaypeebrothers.com Textbook of Preclinical Conservative Dentistry First Edition: 2011 Second Edition: 2017 ISBN: 978-93-86056-83-2 Printed at Dedicated to Prisha and Vedant Contributors Ajay Chhabra MDS Principal, Professor and Head Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics Bhojia Dental College and Hospital Baddi, Himachal Pradesh, India Gurkirat Singh Grewal MDS Senior Lecturer Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics Bhojia Dental College and Hospital Baddi, Himachal Pradesh, India Anamika Thakur MDS Senior Lecturer Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics Sri Sukhmani Dental College and Hospital Mohali, Punjab, India Harleen Kaur Gill MDS Senior Lecturer Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics Bhojia Dental College and Hospital Baddi, Himachal Pradesh, India Ankur Vats MDS Reader Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics Bhojia Dental College and Hospital Baddi, Himachal Pradesh, India Ashu Jhamb MDS Reader Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics Bhojia Dental College and Hospital Baddi, Himachal Pradesh, India Jaidev Singh Dhillon MDS Principal, Professor and Head Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics Gian Sagar Dental College and Hospital Patiala, Punjab, India JS Mann MDS Associate Professor Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics Government Dental College and Hospital Patiala, Punjab, India Bhumika Ahuja MDS Reader Department of Pedodontics KD Dental College and Hospital Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India Madhu Garg MDS Professor Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry JCD Dental College Sirsa, Haryana, India Damanpreet MDS Reader Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics Bhojia Dental College and Hospital Baddi, Himachal Pradesh, India Mannat Dhillon BDS Consultant Dental Surgeon Dental Solutions Ludhiana, Punjab, India Daminder Singh MDS Medical Officer (Dental) Government Dental College and Hospital Patiala, Punjab, India Manoj Hans MDS Professor Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics KD Dental College and Hospital Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India viii Textbook of Preclinical Conservative Dentistry Navjot Singh Khurana MDS Lecturer Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics Government Dental College and Hospital Patiala, Punjab, India Nidhi Rani MDS Senior Resident Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research Chandigarh, India Poonam Bogra MDS Senior Professor Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics DAV Dental College Yamuna Nagar, Haryana, India Priya Verma Gupta MDS FPFA Professor Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry Divya Jyoti College of Dental Sciences and Research Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India RS Kang MDS Former Associate Professor Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics Government Dental College and Hospital Patiala, Punjab, India Sanjay Miglani MDS Associate Professor Faculty of Dentistry Jamia Millia Islamia New Delhi, India Savita Thakur MDS Senior Lecturer Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics Bhojia Dental College and Hospital Baddi, Himachal Pradesh, India Shital Kumar MDS Medical Officer (Dental) Government Dental College and Hospital Patiala, Punjab, India Simran Pal Singh Bindra MDS Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics Bhojia Dental College and Hospital Baddi, Himachal Pradesh, India Sunila Sharma MDS Reader Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry Gian Sagar Dental College and Hospital Jansla, Punjab, India Vandana Chhabra MDS Associate Professor HS Judge Dental College Chandigarh, India Varun Jindal MDS Reader Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics Bhojia Dental College and Hospital Baddi, Himachal Pradesh, India Foreword It gives me immense pleasure to introduce you to the second edition of the Textbook of Preclinical Conservative Dentistry Since conservative dentistry is backbone of the dentistry, it is mandatory to train the undergraduate students for restorative procedures before entering the clinics For the second time, Dr Nisha Garg and Dr Amit Garg present their well-known book of preclinical conservative dentistry, best described in simple and easy language with plenty of diagrams, keeping in mind the syllabus prescribed by many universities of India Written by the two prominent authorities on this important aspect of dentistry, Dr Nisha Garg and Dr Amit Garg have accumulated a incredible amount of knowledge to summarize this important information into easy-to-read chapters From the introduction to preclinical conservative dentistry in chapter one highlighting the importance of preclinical conservative dentistry, going through dental anatomy, nomenclature, physiology of tooth form, armamentarium, dental caries, dental materials, adhesive dentistry, basic fundamentals of tooth preparation and step-by-step tooth preparation for amalgam and composites make this edition a must have preclinical guide for dental students before entering their clinics This edition has plenty of line diagrams and photographs for better understanding of the concept The authors have also included the too often neglected aspect of conservative dentistry, i.e importance, anatomy and tooth preparation of primary teeth, making it understandable how morphology of teeth affect the tooth preparation I am pleased to introduce and recommend this book as an excellent guide for students to understand the subject of conservative dentistry AP Tikku BSc BDS MDS FICD Dean Faculty of Dental Sciences King George’s Medical University Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India 86 Textbook of Preclinical Conservative Dentistry r Shank: Shank is that part of the bur that fits into the handpiece, accepts the rotary movement from the handpiece and controls the alignment and concentricity of the instrument The three commonly seen instrument shanks are: – Straight handpiece shank m -BUDIUZQFIBOEQJFDFTIBOL – Friction-grip handpiece shank r Neck: The neck connects the shank to the hand .BJO GVODUJPO PG OFDL JT UP USBOTNJU SPUBUJPOBM BOE translational forces to the head r Head:*UJTXPSLJOHQBSUPGUIFJOTUSVNFOU#BTFEVQPO A B C their head characteristics, the instruments can be Figures 7.39A to C: Photograph showing; (A) Straight handpiece CMBEFEPSBCSBTJWFǔFTFBSFBWBJMBCMFJOEJŀFSFOUTJ[FT shank; (B) Latch-type angle handpiece shank; (C) Friction grip handpiece shank and shapes %JŀFSFOUEFTJHOTPGCVSTIBOL OFDLBOEIFBE r Shank design: Depending upon mode of attachment to handpiece, shanks of burs can be of following types (Fig 7.39): – Straight handpiece shank: - Shank part is like a cylinder into which bur is held XJUI B NFUBM DIVDL XIJDI IBT EJŀFSFOU TJ[FT PG shank diameter – Latch type angle handpiece shank: )FSF QPTUFSJPSQPSUJPOPGTIBOLJTNBEFëBUPO one side so that end of bur fits into D-shaped socket at bottom of bur tube - *nstrument is not retained in handpiece with chuck but with a latch which fits into the grooves made in shank of bur - These instruments are commonly used in contraangle handpiece for finishing and polishing procedures – Friction grip angle handpiece shank: *UJTJOUSPEVDFEGPSIJHITQFFEIBOEQJFDF - Here the shank is simple cylinder which is held in the handpiece by friction between shank and metal chuck - Here shank is much smaller than latch-type instruments r Design of neck: /FDL DPOOFDUT IFBE BOE TIBOL *U JT tapered from shank to the head For optical visibility BOE FŁDJFODZ PG CVS EJNFOTJPOT PG OFDL TIPVME CF B A C D E F Figures 7.40A to F: Photograph showing different types of bur heads A B C D E Figures 7.41A to E: Schematic representation of designs of bur heads 87 Armamentarium r r r r r r r r small but at the same time it should not compromise the strength Design of bur head: The term ‘bur shape’ refers to the contour or silhouette of the bur head (Figs 7.40 and 7.41) Round in shape m /VNCFSFEGSPN UP m 6TFEGPS3FNPWBMPGDBSJFT JOJUJBMUPPUIQFOFUSBUJPO placement of retentive grooves *OWFSUFEDPOFCVS – Have an inverted cone shape – /VNCFSFE m – 6TFEJODBWJUZFYUFOTJPOTUPFTUBCMJTIXBMMBOHVMBUJPOT BOESFUFOUJPOGPSNT UPëBUUFOUIFQVMQBMëPPSTBOE for providing undercuts in tooth preparations Pear-shaped bur: – Head is shaped like tapered cone with small end of cone directed towards shank – 6TFEJODMBTT*UPPUIQSFQBSBUJPOGPSHPMEGPJM Straight fissure bur: – 1BSBMMFMTJEFE DZMJOESJDBM CVS PG EJŀFSFOU MFOHUIT used for amalgam tooth preparations 5BQFSJOHêTTVSFCVS – 6TFE GPS QMBOOJOH WFSUJDBM BYJBM TVSGBDFT BOE placement of grooves Plain fissure burs: – $PNF JO B WBSJFUZ PG TJ[FT CPUI UBQFSFE BOE cylindrical – 6TFE GPS HSPPWF QMBDFNFOU BOE êOJTIJOH PG preparations End cutting bur: – $ZMJOESJDBMJOTIBQF – Just the end carrying blades – 6TFE GPS FYUFOEJOH QSFQBSBUJPOT BQJDBMMZ XJUIPVU axial reduction – *UJTVTFEGPSDBSSZJOHUIFQSFQBSBUJPOBQJDBMMZXJUIPVU axial reduction Modifications in Bur Design Because of introduction of handpieces with high speed ranges, many modifications have been made in design of CVS4JODFDVUUJOHFŁDJFODZPGDBSCJEFCVSTJODSFBTFXJUI increase in speed, the larger diameter carbide burs have been replaced by small diameter burs Other modifications in bur design are as follow: r Reduced number of crosscuts: Since at high speed, cross- cuts tends to produce rough surface, newer burs have reduced number of crosscuts r Extended head lengths: Burs with extended head MFOHUIIBWFCFFOJOUSPEVDFETPBTUPQSPEVDFFŀFDUJWF cutting with very light pressure r Rounding of sharp tip corners: Sharp tip corners of burs produce sharp internal angles, resulting in stress concentration Burs with round tip corners produce rounded internal line angles and thus lower stress in restored tooth Bur Size #VS TJ[F SFQSFTFOUT UIF EJBNFUFS PG CVS IFBE %JŀFSFOU numbers have been assigned to burs which denote bur TJ[FBOEIFBEEFTJHO&BSMJFSCVSTIBEBOVNCFSJOHTZTUFN JOXIJDICVSTXFSFHSPVQFECZTIBQFTBOETJ[FT But later because of modifications in bur design this numbering system was modified For example, after JOUSPEVDUJPO PG DSPTTDVU CVST OVNCFST XBT BEEFE UP UIF CVS FRVJWBMFOU UP OPODSPTTDVU TJ[F BOE XBT BEEFE GPS FOE DVUUJOH CVST ǔVT XF DBO TBZ UIBU OP BOEOPCVSTBMMIBWFTBNFEJNFOTJPOTPGUIFIFBE irrespective of their head design (Tables 7.2 and 7.3) Table 7.2 ăCo-relation of bur head diameter and its respective number Shape of head Head diameter (mm) Number 3PVOE 0.5 0.6 1.0 1.4 ẳ ẵ 4USBJHIUủTTVSF 0.6 0.8 1.0 55½ 56 57 5BQFSFEđTTVSF 0.9 1.2 169 271 *OWFSUFEDPOF 0.6 0.8 33½ 34 $SPTTDVU 1.0 1.2 557 558 &OEDVUUJOH 1.0 957 Table 7.3 ăStandard bur head sizes Head shape Head diameter (mm) 0.5 3PVOE 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 ½ *OWFSUFE cone 33½ 34 35 36 37 4USBJHIU đTTVSF 55½ 56 57 58 59 700 701 5BQFSFE ñTTVSF ¼ 0.6 88 Textbook of Preclinical Conservative Dentistry Bur Design Bur head consists of uniformly spaced blades with concave areas in between them These concave depressed areas are DBMMFEDIJQPSëVUFTQBDFT/PSNBMMZ BCVSIBT PS number of blades r Bur blade: #MBEFJTBQSPKFDUJPOPOUIFCVSIFBEXIJDI forms a cutting edge Blade has two surfaces (Fig 7.42): – Blade face/Rake face:*UJTUIFTVSGBDFPGCVSCMBEFPO the leading edge – Clearance face: *U JT UIF TVSGBDF PG CVS CMBEF PO UIF trailing edge r Rake angle: This is angle between the rake face and the radial line (Fig 7.43) – 1PTJUJWFSBLFBOHMF8IFOSBLFGBDFUSBJMTUIFSBEJBM line – /FHBUJWF SBLF BOHMF 8IFO SBLF GBDF JT BIFBE PG radial line – Zero rake angle: 8IFO SBLF GBDF BOE SBEJBM MJOF coincide each other Table 7.4 TVNNBSJ[FT definitions related to bur design Figure 7.42: Schematic representation showing bur design showing rake angle, clearance angle and edge angle r Radial line: *UJTUIFMJOFDPOOFDUJOHDFOUFSPGUIFCVS and the blade r Land: *UJTUIFQMBOFTVSGBDFJNNFEJBUFMZGPMMPXJOHUIF cutting edge r Clearance angle: This is the angle between the clearance face and the work Significance: $MFBSBODFBOHMFQSPWJEFTBTUPQUPQSFWFOU the bur edge from digging into the tooth and provides BEFRVBUFDIJQTQBDFGPSDMFBSJOHEFCSJT r Blade angle: *UJTUIFBOHMFCFUXFFOUIFSBLFGBDFBOE the clearance face Significance:"NPOHUIFTF SBLFBOHMFJTPOFPGUIFNPTU important feature of bur blade design Negative rake angle increases the life of bur by reducing fracture of cutting edges Positive rake angle increases the cutting FŁDJFODZ CVU TJODF JU SFEVDFT UIF CVML PG CVS CMBEF it becomes prone to fracture Positive rake angle also causes clogging of debris in the chip space *G CMBEF BOHMF JT JODSFBTFE JU SFJOGPSDFT UIF DVUUJOH edge and thus reduces their fracture But clearance angle, blade angle and rake angle cannot be varied independent of each other For example, increase in CMBEFBOHMF EFDSFBTFTUIFDMFBSBODFBOHMF6TVBMMZ UIF DBSCJEFCVSTIBWFOFHBUJWFSBLFBOHMFTBOEPGCMBEF angle so as to reduce their chances of fracture For better clearance of debris, the clearance face of carbide CVSTBSFNBEFDVSWFEUPQSPWJEFBEFRVBUFëVUFTQBDF r Concentricity: *UJTBEJSFDUNFBTVSFNFOUPGTZNNFUSZ PGUIFCVSIFBE*OPUIFSXPSET DPODFOUSJDJUZNFBTVSFT XIFUIFS CMBEFT BSF PG FRVBM MFOHUI PS OPU *U JT EPOF when the bur is static r Run out: *U NFBTVSFT UIF BDDVSBDZ XJUI XIJDI BMM UIF tip of blades pass through a single point when bur is Table 7.4 ăDefinitions related to bur design A B C Figures 7.43A to C: Schematic representation showing positive, negative and zero rake angles Feature Definition r 3BLFGBDF #MBEF GBDF 4VSGBDFPGCVSCMBEFPOMFBEJOHFEHF r $MFBSBODFGBDF 4VSGBDFPGCVSCMBEFPOUSBJMJOHFEHF r 3BLFBOHMF m 1PTJUJWFSBLF BOHMF m /FHBUJWFSBLF BOHMF m ;FSPSBLFBOHMF "OHMFCFUXFFOSBLFGBDFBOEUIFSBEJBMMJOF 3BLFGBDFUSBJMTUIFSBEJBMMJOF 3BLFGBDFBIFBEPGUIFSBEJBMMJOF 3BLFGBDFBOESBEJBMMJOFDPJODJEFFBDIPUIFS Armamentarium NPWJOH *U NFBTVSFT UIF NBYJNVN EJTQMBDFNFOU PG CVS IFBE GSPN JUT DFOUFS PG SPUBUJPO *O DBTF UIFSF JT USFNCMJOHPGCVSEVSJOHSPUBUJPO UIJTFŀFDUPGSVOPVUJT directly proportional to length of bur shank Table 7.5 ăClassification of matrices according to type of tooth preparation Types of preparation Matrices and retainers r $MBTT*XJUICVDDBMPSMJOHVBM FYUFOTJPO r %PVCMFCBOEFE5PðFNJSFNBUSJY MATRIX RETAINERS AND BANDS r $MBTT**UPPUIQSFQBSBUJPO Matrix *U JT BO JOTUSVNFOU XIJDI JT VTFE UP IPME UIF SFTUPSBUJPO within the tooth while it is setting r *WPSZNBUSJYOVNCFS r /ZTUSPNTSFUBJOFS r $MBTT**NFTJPPDDMVTPEJTUBM 0% UPPUIQSFQBSBUJPO r *WPSZNBUSJYOVNCFS r 5PðFNJSFNBUSJY r 4UFFMFT4JRWFMBOETFMGBEKVTUJOH NBUSJY r "OBUPNJDBMNBUSJYCBOE r A5TIBQFENBUSJYCBOE r 3FUBJOFSMFTTBVUPNBUSJY r $MBTT***UPPUIQSFQBSBUJPO r A4TIBQFENBUSJYCBOE r $FMMPQIBOFNBUSJYTUSJQT r ZMBSTUSJQT r $MBTT*7UPPUIQSFQBSBUJPO r 1MBTUJDTUSJQT r "MVNJOJVNGPJM r 5SBOTQBSFOUDSPXOGPSN r "OBUPNJDNBUSJY r $MBTT7UPPUIQSFQBSBUJPO r $VTUPNNBEFQMBTUJDNBUSJY r %JSFDUUPPUIDPMPSFEBOEBMM PUIFSDPNQMFY r $FMMPQIBOFNBUSJDFT r "OBUPNJDNBUSJDFTQSFQBSBUJPOT r "MVNJOJVNPSDPQQFSDPMMBST r 5SBOTQBSFOUQMBTUJDDSPXOGPSNT Matricing *U JT UIF QSPDFEVSF CZ XIJDI B UFNQPSBSZ XBMM JT CVJMU opposite to the axial wall, surrounding the tooth structure which has been lost during the tooth preparation Parts of Matrix Retainer *UIPMETBCBOEJOEFTJSFEQPTJUJPOBOETIBQF Band r *U JT B QJFDF PG NFUBM PS QPMZNFSJD NBUFSJBM JOUFOEFE to give support and form to the restoration during its insertion and setting r Commonly used materials for bands are: – Stainless steel – Polyacetate m $FMMVMPTFBDFUBUF m $FMMVMPTFOJUSBUF Functions r r r r 5PDPOêOFUIFSFTUPSBUJPOEVSJOHTFUUJOH 5PQSPWJEFQSPQFSQSPYJNBMDPOUBDUBOEDPOUPVS 5PQSPWJEFPQUJNBMTVSGBDFUFYUVSFGPSSFTUPSBUJPO 5PQSFWFOUHJOHJWBMPWFSIBOHT Classification 89 ëBUTFNJDJSDMFBSNTIBWJOHBQPJOUFEQSPKFDUJPOBUUIFFOE (Fig 7.44) On other end of matrix band holder, there is a screw which is when rotated clockwise, brings ends of both claws closer to each other Band used with this matrix IBTPOFNBSHJOTMJHIUMZQSPKFDUFEJOJUTNJEEMFQBSUǔJT QSPKFDUFE NBSHJO JT LFQU UPXBSET UIF HJOHJWB PO UIF TJEF of tooth preparation Keeping the matrix band around the tooth, the screw of the retainer is tightened so that the CBOE QFSGFDUMZ êUT BSPVOE UIF UPPUI "GUFS UIJT XFEHF JT placed which also helps in further adaptation of the matrix band to the tooth (Fig 7.45) Indication 'PS SFTUPSBUJPOT PG VOJMBUFSBM DMBTT ** UPPUI QSFQBSBUJPOT especially when the contact on the unprepared side is very tight Though matrix band and retainers can be classified in many ways, we will discus types according to tooth preparation for which they are used Table 7.5 FOMJTUT EJŀFSFOU UZQFT PG NBUSJDFT VTFE Advantages r Economical according to the type of tooth preparation r 6TFEGPSSFTUPSJOHDMBTT**UPPUIQSFQBSBUJPOT r $BOCFTUFSJMJ[FE Ivory Matrix Holder (Retainer) No *WPSZ NBUSJY IPMEFS OVNCFS JT NPTU DPNNPOMZ Disadvantages VTFE NBUSJY CBOE IPMEFS GPS VOJMBUFSBM DMBTT ** UPPUI r $VNCFSTPNFUPBQQMZBOESFNPWF QSFQBSBUJPOT.BUSJYIPMEFSIBTBDMBXBUPOFFOEXJUIUXP r Not used commonly now-a-days 90 Textbook of Preclinical Conservative Dentistry Figure 7.44: Photograph showing Ivory No matrix retainer and band Figure 7.47: Photograph showing slot in the head area of Toffelmire retainer Figure 7.45: Photograph showing Ivory matrix retainer and band no.1 used in class II restoration Figure 7.48: Photograph showing large knurnled nut helps in adjusting the size of loop of matrix band against the tooth Figure 7.46: Photograph showing Ivory No matrix retainer and bands Figure 7.49: Photograph showing small knurled nut helps in tightening the band to retainer Armamentarium Ivory Matrix Band Retainer No *WPSZ NBUSJY CBOE SFUBJOFS IPMET UIF NBUSJY CBOE UIBU encircles the tooth to provide missing walls on both proximal sides The matrix band is made up of thin sheet of metal so that it can pass through the contact area of the unprepared proximal side of the tooth (Fig 7.46) $JSDVNGFSFODF PG UIF CBOE DBO CF BEKVTUFE VTJOH UIF screw present in the matrix band retainer Indications r 6OJMBUFSBMPSCJMBUFSBMDMBTT**QSFQBSBUJPOT 0% r $MBTT*DPNQPVOEUPPUIQSFQBSBUJPOT Advantages r Economical r 6TFEGPSSFTUPSJOHDMBTT**UPPUIQSFQBSBUJPOT r $BOCFTUFSJMJ[FE Disadvantages r $VNCFSTPNFUPBQQMZBOESFNPWF r Not used commonly nowadays Tofflemire Universal Matrix Band Retainer (Designed by Dr BF Tofflemire) *U JT BMTP LOPXO BT AVOJWFSTBM NBUSJY CFDBVTF JU DBO CF used in all types of tooth preparations of posterior teeth 91 r 0QFOTJEFPGUIFIFBETIPVMECFGBDJOHHJOHJWBMMZXIFO the band is placed around the tooth Slide (Diagonal slot) r ǔJTQPSUJPOJTMPDBUFEOFBSUIFIFBEGPSJOTUBMMBUJPOPG band in the retainer, helps in placement of band around the tooth Knurled nuts r 5XPLOVSMFELOPUTJOSFUBJOFS J -BSHFLOVSMFEOVU (Fig 7.48) a Helps in adapting the loop of matrix band against the tooth C )FMQT JO BEKVTUJOH UIF TJ[F PG MPPQ PG NBUSJY band against the tooth JJ 4NBMMLOVSMFEOVUIFMQTJOUJHIUFOJOHUIFCBOEUP retainer (Fig 7.49) Assembly of Retainer 8IFOCBOEBOESFUBJOFSBSFBTTFNCMFE UXPFOETPGCBOE must be of same length protruding from the diagonal slot -PPQFYUFOEJOHGSPNSFUBJOFSDBOQSPKFDUJO GPMMPXJOH ways (Fig 7.50): r 4USBJHIUVTFEOFBSBOUFSJPSUFFUI r -FGU3JHIUVTFE NPTUMZ JO QPTUFSJPS BSFBT PG PSBM cavity Placement of Tofflemire Retainer and Band Indications r 'JSTUPQFOUIFMBSHFLOVSMFEOVUTPUIBUTMJEFJTBUMFBTU r $MBTT * UPPUI QSFQBSBUJPOT XJUI CVDDBM PS MJOHVBM inches from the head (Fig 7.51) extensions r )PMEUIFLOVSMFEOVU MBSHF XJUIPOFIBOE PQFOUIF r 6OJMBUFSBMPSCJMBUFSBMDMBTT** 0% UPPUIQSFQBSBUJPOT small knurled nut in opposite direction (counter clockr $MBTT ** DPNQPVOE UPPUI QSFQBSBUJPOT IBWJOH NPSF wise) for clearance of diagonal slot for reception of than two missing walls matrix band (Fig 7.52) r 5XPFOETPGNBUSJYCBOEBSFTFDVSFEUPHFUIFSUPGPSN Advantages loop or either use preformed loop (Figs 7.50A to C) r Easy to use r 1MBDFFOETPGCBOEJOEJBHPOBMTMPU r Provides good contact and contours r ǔFO TNBMMLOVSMFEOVUJTUJHIUFOFEUPTFDVSFUIFCBOE r $BOCFFBTJMZSFNPWFE to the retainer r $BOCFTUFSJMJ[FE r "GUFSTFDVSJOHUIFCBOEUJHIUMZUPUIFSFUBJOFS JUJTQMBDFE r $BOCFVTFECPUIGSPNGBDJBMBTXFMMBTMJOHVBMTJEF around the tooth to be restored (Figs 7.53 and 7.54) Disadvantages r 'PSêOBMBEBQUBUJPOPGNBUSJYCBOEUPUIFUPPUI UJHIUFO r $BOOPUCFVTFEJOCBEMZCSPLFOUFFUIPSFYUFOTJWFDMBTT the large knurled nut **SFTUPSBUJPOT r %PFTOPUPŀFSPQUJNBMDPOUPVSBOEDPOUBDUGPSQPTUFSJPS $PNNPOFSSPSTJOQMBDFNFOUPGUPŀFMNJSFSFUBJOFS 8SPOHQMBDFNFOUPGSFUBJOFSXJUIPQFOFOEPGSFUBJOFS resin restorations head facing occlusally (Fig 7.55) Parts of Tofflemire Retainer Placement of retainer in such a way that small knurled 5PłFNJSFSFUBJOFSDPOTJTUTPGUIFGPMMPXJOHQBSUT nut faces towards cheek (Fig 7.56) -JOHVBMMZQMBDFESFUBJOFS IFSFSFUBJOFSDBODBVTFJOKVSZ Head to the tongue (Fig 7.57) r 6TFTTMPUTGPSQPTJUJPOJOHPGNBUSJY(Fig 7.47) -PPTFMZQMBDFESFUBJOFS (Fig 7.58) r 6TIBQFEIFBEXJUIUXPTMPUTJOPQFOTJEF 92 Textbook of Preclinical Conservative Dentistry A B C Figures 7.50A to C: Photograph showing that loop extending from retainer can project straight, left or right Figure 7.51: Photograph showing step of opening the large knurled nut so that slide is at least ¼ inches from the head Figure 7.52: Photograph showing the step of holding the large knurled nut with one hand, to open the small knurled nut in opposite direction for clearance of diagonal slot Procedure for Removal of Tofflemire Retainer and Band Removal of retainer r 4NBMMLOVSMFELOPUJTNPWFEDPVOUFSDMPDLXJTFUPGSFF UIFCBOEGSPNUIFSFUBJOFS8IJMFSPUBUJOHUIFTNBMMFS knurled knot, hold the larger nut Keep the index finger POPDDMVTBMTVSGBDFPGUPPUIUPTUBCJMJ[FUIFCBOE This is usually accomplished in two steps: Removal of retainer Removal of band Armamentarium 93 Figure 7.53: Photograph showing placement of tightly secured band in the retainer is placed around the tooth Figure 7.56: Photograph showing placement of retainer in such a way that small knurled nut faces towards cheek Figure 7.54: Photograph showing Toffelmire retainer, band and wedge in place Figure 7.57: Photograph showing that lingually placed retainer can cause injury to the tongue A B Figures 7.55A and B: Photograph showing wrong placement of retainer with open end of retainer head facing occlusally 94 Textbook of Preclinical Conservative Dentistry Removal of band r $BSFGVMMZSFNPWFUIFCBOEGSPNFBDIDPOUBDUQPJOU r 4VQQPSU UIF PDDMVTBM TVSGBDF PG UIF SFTUPSBUJPO 8IJMF removing the band, a condenser can be held against the marginal ridge of the restoration r %POPUQVMMCBOEJOPDDMVTBMEJSFDUJPOSBUIFSNPWFUIF band in facial or lingual direction r #BOEDBOCFDVUOFBSUPUIFUFFUIPOUIFMJOHVBMTJEFBOE then try to pull it from the buccal side WEDGES 8FEHFTBSFVTFEEVSJOHUPPUIQSFQBSBUJPOBOESFTUPSBUJPO Advantages Figure 7.58: Photograph showing loosely placed retainer r )FMQ JO TUBCJMJ[BUJPO PG SFUBJOFS BOE NBUSJY EVSJOH restorative procedures r 1SPWJEF DMPTF BEBQUBCJMJUZ JO DFSWJDBM QPSUJPOT PG UIF proximal restorations, thereby help in achieving correct contour and shape at cervical area r )FMQ JO SFUSBDUJOH BOE EFQSFTTJOH UIF JOUFSQSPYJNBM HJOHJWBM BSFB UIVT IFMQ JO NJOJNJ[JOH USBVNB UP TPGU tissue Types of Wedges Wooden Wedges r ǔFTFBSFNPTUDPNNPOMZVTFEBOEQSFGFSSFEBTUIFZ can be easily trimmed and fitted in gingival embrasure (Fig 7.59) r "EBQUXFMMJOUIFHJOHJWBMFNCSBTVSF r &BTZUPVTF r 8PPEFO XFEHFT BCTPSC XBUFS UIVT JODSFBTF UIF interproximal retention r 1SPWJEFTUBCJMJ[BUJPOUPNBUSJYCBOE r "WBJMBCMFJOUXPTIBQFT 5SJBOHVMBS Round Triangular wedge J PTUDPNNPOMZVTFE JJ *UIBTUXPQPTJUJPOTBQFYBOEUIFCBTF JJJ "QFY PG UIF XFEHF VTVBMMZ MJFT JO HJOHJWBM portion of the contact area iv Base lies in contact with gingiva This helps in TUBCJMJ[BUJPOBOESFUSBDUJPOPGHJOHJWB W 6TFEJOUPPUIQSFQBSBUJPOTXJUIEFFQHJOHJWBM margins Figure 7.59: Photograph showing wooden wedges Figure 7.60: Photograph showing plastic wedges Armamentarium 95 Round wedge i Not so commonly used JJ BEF GSPN XPPEFO UPPUI QJDLT CZ USJNNJOH the apical portion JJJ *UIBTVOJGPSNTIBQF JW 6TFEJODMBTT**UPPUIQSFQBSBUJPO Plastic Wedges Though commercially available but they are not much preferred because (Fig 7.60): r 5SJNNJOHJTEJŁDVMU r "EBQUBCJMJUZJTEJŁDVMUJOTPNFDBTFT A B Figures 7.61A and B: Schematic representation showing wedge in place: (A) Correct position; (B) Incorrect position Important points regarding wedges: Select the type and TIBQFBDDPSEJOHUPSFRVJSFNFOUǔFTFBSF r -FOHUIPGUIFXFEHFTIPVMECFJOUIFSBOHFPGmDN r *UTIPVMEOPUJSSJUBUFUPOHVF DIFFLBOEHJOHJWBMUJTTVF r 8FEHFTIPVMECFJOTFSUFECFOFBUIUIFDPOUBDUBSFBJO the gingival embrasure (Figs 7.61A and B) r 6TVBMMZ JOTFSUFE GSPN MJOHVBM FNCSBTVSF BSFB BT JU JT wider than buccal area Sometimes, when it irritates UPOHVF JUDBOCFJOTFSUFEGSPNCVDDBMBSFBBMTP r 8FEHF TIPVME CF êSN BOE TUBCMF EVSJOH SFTUPSBUJWF procedure r 4IPVME OPU CF GPSDJCMZ JOTFSUFE JO UIF DPOUBDU BSFB leading to pain and swelling Wedging Techniques r r r r 4JOHMFXFEHJOHUFDIOJRVF %PVCMFXFEHJOH 8FEHFXFEHJOH 1JHHZCBDLXFEHJOH Figure 7.62: Schematic representation showing double-wedging technique Single Wedging Technique r 1lace matrix retainer in place r 5BLFBXFEHFBOEQMBDFUIFQPJOUFEFOEGSPNMJOHVBMPS buccal embrasure whichever is bigger r 8FEHFUIFCBOEUJHIUMZBHBJOTUUIFUPPUI Double Wedging r 5XPXFEHFTBSFVTFE – One is inserted from buccal embrasure and another from lingual embrasure (Fig 7.62) r ǔJTUFDIOJRVFJTJOEJDBUFEJOUIFGPMMPXJOHDBTFT m 4QBDJOHCFUXFFOBEKBDFOUUFFUIXIFSFTJOHMFXFEHF JTOPUTVŁDJFOU m 8JEFOJOHPGQSPYJNBMCPYJOCVDDPMJOHVBMEJNFOTJPO Figure 7.63: Schematic representation showing wedge-wedging technique 96 Textbook of Preclinical Conservative Dentistry Q.2 Ans r Class: Design or form of the working end, e.g hatchet, spoon excavator r Subclass: Shape of the shank, e.g binangle, contra-angle What are different parts of hand instruments? r )BOEMFPSTIBGU r 4IBOL r #MBEFPSOJC Q.3 What are different bevels of instruments? Ans. r 4JOHMFCFWFMJOTUSVNFOUT – Right and left bevel instruments m FTJBMBOEEJTUBMCFWFMJOTUSVNFOU r #JCFWFMFEJOTUSVNFOU r 5SJQMFCFWFMFEJOTUSVNFOU Q.4 What is number formula? Ans. r 'irst number of the formula indicates width of the blade or primary cutting edge in tenths of a millimeter Wedge Wedging r 4econd number indicates length of blade in r *OUIJTUFDIOJRVF UXPXFEHFTBSFVTFE millimeters r 0OF XFEHF JT JOTFSUFE GSPN MJOHVBM FNCSBTVSF BSFB r ǔJSE OVNCFS JOEJDBUFT UIF BOHMF XIJDI CMBEF while another is inserted between the wedge and matrix forms with long axis of handle band at right angle to first wedge (Fig 7.63) r ǔFTF BSF QSJNBSJMZ JOEJDBUFE XIJMF USFBUJOH NFTJBM Q.5 What is number formula? aspect of maxillary first premolar because of presence Ans. r 'irst number of the formula indicates width of the blade or primary cutting edge in tenths of a PGëVUFTJOSPPUOFBSUIFHJOHJWBMBSFB millimeter r 4econd number indicates angle formed by Piggyback Wedging primary cutting edge and long axis of the r *OUIJTUFDIOJRVF UXPXFEHFTBSFVTFE instrument handle r 0OF MBSHFS XFEHFJTJOTFSUFEBTVTFEOPSNBMMZ XIJMF r ǔJSE OVNCFS JOEJDBUFT MFOHUI PG CMBEF JO the other smaller wedge (piggyback) is inserted above millimeters the larger one (Fig 7.64) r 'PVSUIOVNCFSJOEJDBUFTBOHMFXIJDIUIFCMBEF r *U JT JOEJDBUFE JO DBTFT PG TIBMMPX QSPYJNBM CPY XJUI forms with the long axis of the handle or the gingival recession plane of the instrument in clockwise centigrade r ǔJTUFDIOJRVFQSPWJEFTDMPTFSBEBQUBUJPOBOEDPOUPVS Q.6 What are uses of mouth mirror? of the matrix band Ans. r %JSFDUWJTJPO r *OEJSFDUJMMVNJOBUJPO VIVA QUESTIONS r 3FUSBDUJPO r 5SBOTJMMVNJOBUJPO Q.1 What is Black’s system of nomenclature for instruments? Q.7 What are uses of explorer? Ans r Order: Function or purpose of the instrument, Ans r 'or examining caries on occlusal and e.g excavator, condenser interproximal surfaces r Suborder: Position, mode or manner of use, e.g r 'PSFYBNJOJOHSFTUPSBUJPOPWFSIBOHTPOQSPYJNBM push, pull surfaces Figure 7.64: Schematic representation showing piggyback wedging Armamentarium 97 Q.8 What are the uses of tweezers? Q.18 What is amalgam carrier? Ans 5XFF[FSTBSFVTFEUPQMBDFBOESFNPWFDPUUPOSPMMT Ans "NBMHBN DBSSJFS DBSSJFT UIF GSFTIMZ QSFQBSFE and other small materials amalgam to the prepared tooth Q.9 What are single and double-planed instruments? Q.19 What is burnisher and its use? Ans *GUIFTIBOLBOHMFBOECMBEFBSFJOTJOHMFQMBOF JUJT Ans Burnisher is a single- or double-ended instrument BTJOHMFQMBOFEJOTUSVNFOU'PSFYBNQMF IBUDIFU with smooth rounded working end *GUIFTIBOLBOHMFBOECMBEFBSFOPUJOTBNFQMBOF *UJTVTFEUPTNPPUIFOBOEQPMJTIUIFSFTUPSBUJPOT it is a double-planed instrument.'PSFYBNQMF (.5 Q.20 What are uses of plastic instrument? Ans r 5PNJY DBSSZBOEQMBDFDFNFOUT Q.10 What is spoon excavator? r 5P DIFDL UIF DPOWFOJFODF GPSN PG UPPUI Ans *U JT B EPVCMFFOEFE JOTUSVNFOU XIJDI IBT TQPPO preparation claw, or disk-shaped blade Q.21 Q.11 What are uses of spoon excavator? Ans Ans. r 3emove soft caries and debris r 'PS DBSWJOH BNBMHBN SFTUPSBUJPOT BOE XBY patterns Q.12 What is straight chisel? Ans *O TUSBJHIU DIJTFM DVUUJOH FEHF PG DIJTFM JT prependicular to plane of instrument Q.13 What are different bevels of instrument? Ans r Single-bevel instruments: Here single bevel forms the primary cutting edge r Bibeveled instrument: *G UXP BEEJUJPOBM DVUUJOH edges extend from the primary cutting edges, then the instrument with secondary cutting edges is called bibeveled instrument r Triple-beveled instrument: *G UISFF BEEJUJPOBM cutting edges extend from the primary cutting edge, then the instrument is called triple-beveled instrument How many types of carvers are there? r Hollenback carver/wards C carver: – Double ended, binangled instrument m 6TFEUPDBSWFBNBMHBNBOEJOMBZXBYQBUUFSOT r Diamond carver/Frahm’s carver: Has bibeveled cutting edge r Interproximal carver:*UIBTWFSZUIJOCMBEFBOEJT used for carving proximal surfaces r Discoid–cleoid carver:*TVTFEGPSDBSWJOHPDDMVTBM surface Q.22 What you mean by rotary instruments? Ans Rotary cutting instruments are those instruments which rotate on an axis to the work of abrading and cutting on tooth structure Q.23 What are different parts of a dental bur? Ans r i#VS JT B SPUBSZ DVUUJOH JOTUSVNFOU XIJDI IBT CMBEFEDVUUJOHIFBEu r 1BSUT4IBOL OFDLBOEIFBE Q.24 What are different types of bur shanks? Q.14 What is a GMT? Ans r 4USBJHIUIBOEQJFDFTIBOL Ans *UJTBNPEJêFEIBUDIFUXIJDIIBTXPSLJOHFOETXJUI r -BUDIUZQFIBOEQJFDFTIBOL opposite curvatures and bevels r 'SJDUJPOHSJQIBOEQJFDFTIBOL Q.15 Which instrument is used to break the proximal Q.25 What are the uses of round bur? contact? Ans 6sed for removal of caries, extension of the Ans Enamel hatchet preparation and for the placement of retentive grooves Q.16 How you differentiate mesial and distal GMT? Ans (.5 JT NFTJBM JG DVUUJOH FEHF UJQ GPSNT BO BDVUF Q.26 What is use of inverted cone bur? BOHMFUPTIBGU*UJTEJTUBMJGBOHMFJTPCUVTF Ans 6sed for establishing wall angulations and providing undercuts in tooth preparations Q.17 What is angle former? Ans *U JT B UZQF PG FYDBWBUPS JO XIJDI DVUUJOH FEHF Q.27 What is use of straight fissure bur? sharpened at an angle to the long axis of the blade Ans 6sed for tooth preparation 98 Textbook of Preclinical Conservative Dentistry Q.28 What is rake angle? Ans *UJTUIFBOHMFCFUXFFOUIFSBLFGBDFBOEUIFSBEJBM line Q.29 What is clearance angle? Ans *U JT UIF BOHMF CFUXFFO UIF DMFBSBODF GBDF BOE UIF work Q.38 What is Elliot separator? Ans Elliot separator is used for rapid separation of teeth XIJDIXPSLTPOXFEHFQSJODJQMF*UJTBMTPLOPXOBT iDSBCDMBXuTFQBSBUPSCFDBVTFPGJUTEFTJHO Q.30 What is significance of clearance angle? Ans $MFBSBODF BOHMF QSPWJEFT B TUPQ UP QSFWFOU UIF bur edge from digging into the tooth and provides BEFRVBUFDIJQTQBDFGPSDMFBSJOHEFCSJT Q.31 Ans Q.32 Ans Q.33 Ans Q.34 Ans Q.39 What is ferrier separator? Ans r *UJTVTFEGPSSBQJETFQBSBUJPOPGUFFUIBOEXPSLT on the traction principle r *U IBT CPXT FBDI CPX FOHBHFT UIF QSPYJNBM Define concentricity DPOUBDUBSFBPGUPPUIKVTUHJOHJWBMUPDPOUBDUBSFB *U JT B EJSFDU NFBTVSFNFOU PG TZNNFUSZ PG UIF CVS of tooth head r " iXSFODIu TZTUFN JT VTFE GPS UVSOJOH UIF What you mean by run-out? threaded bars, this helps in causing separation *U NFBTVSFT UIF BDDVSBDZ XJUI XIJDI BMM UIF UJQ of blades pass through a single point when bur is Q.40 What are wedges? Ans 8FEHFT BSF VTFE GPS SBQJE UPPUI TFQBSBUJPO ǔFZ moving can be made up of wood or plastic What is tooth separation? *U JT UIF QSPDFTT PG TFQBSBUJOH UIF JOWPMWFE UFFUI Q.41 What are different types of wedges? slightly away from each other or bringing them Ans r 8PPEFOXFEHFT r 1MBTUJDXFEHFT closer to each other and/or changing their spatial r "WBJMBCMFJOUXPTIBQFT position in one or more dimensions m 5SJBOHVMBS What is purpose of tooth separation? – Round r 'PSFYBNJOBUJPOPGJOJUJBMQSPYJNBMDBSJFT r 'PS QSPWJEJOH BDDFTTJCJMJUZ UP QSPYJNBM BSFB Q.42 Why are advantages of wooden wedges? EVSJOHQSFQBSBUJPOPGDMBTT**BOEDMBTT***UPPUI Ans r "EBQUXFMMJOUIFHJOHJWBMFNCSBTVSF r &BTZUPVTF preparations r 8PPEFOXFEHFTBCTPSCXBUFS UIVTJODSFBTFUIF r BUSJYDBOCFQMBDFEFBTJMZEVSJOHSFTUPSBUJPOPG interproximal retention DMBTT**SFTUPSBUJPO r 1SPWJEFTUBCJMJ[BUJPOUPNBUSJYCBOE r *UIFMQTJOSFQPTJUJPOJOHPGTIJGUFEUFFUI Q.35 What are different methods of tooth separation? Ans r 4MPXPSEFMBZFETFQBSBUJPO r 3BQJEPSJNNFEJBUFTFQBSBUJPO Q.36 Ans r /POJOUFSGFSJOHUSVFTFQBSBUPS – Elliot separator m 8FEHFT What are different ways of slow separation? r 4FQBSBUJOHSVCCFSSJOHCBOET r 3VCCFSEBNTIFFU r -JHBUVSFXJSFDPQQFSXJSF r (VUUBQFSDIBTUJDL r 0WFSTJ[FEUFNQPSBSZDSPXOT r 'JYFEPSUIPEPOUJDBQQMJBODFT Q.37 What are different ways of rapid separation? Ans r 'FSSJFSEPVCMFCPXTFQBSBUPS Q.43 Ans Q.44 Ans. What are functions of wedges? r )FMQJOSBQJETFQBSBUJPOPGUFFUI r 1SFWFOUHJOHJWBMPWFSIBOHPGSFTUPSBUJPO r )FMQJOTUBCJMJ[BUJPOPGSFUBJOFSBOENBUSJYEVSJOH restorative procedures r )FMQ JO SFUSBDUJOH BOE EFQSFTTJOH UIF JOUFSQSPYJNBM HJOHJWBM BSFB UIVT IFMQ JO NJOJNJ[JOH trauma to soft tissue What are different techniques of wedging? r %PVCMFXFEHJOH r 8FEHFXFEHJOH r 1JHHZCBDLXFEHJOH Armamentarium 99 Q.45 Define matricing? Q.52 What are advantages and disadvantages of Ans. *U JT UIF QSPDFEVSF CZ XIJDI B UFNQPSBSZ XBMM JT Tofflemire retainer? built opposite to the axial wall, surrounding the Ans Advantages: r $BOCFVTFEGSPNCPUIGBDJBMBOEMJOHVBMTJEFT tooth structure which has been lost during the tooth r &DPOPNJDBM preparation Q.46 Ans. What are requirements of a matrix band? r 3JHJEJUZ r "EBQUBCJMJUZ r &BTZUPVTF r /POSFBDUJWF r )FJHIUBOEDPOUPVS r "QQMJDBUJPO r 4UFSJMJ[BUJPO r *OFYQFOTJWF Q.47 Ans. What are different materials used for matricing? r 4UBJOMFTTTUFFM r 1PMZBDFUBUF r $FMMVMPTFBDFUBUF r $FMMVMPTFOJUSBUF Q.48 Ans. What are functions of matrix band? r 5PDPOêOFUIFSFTUPSBUJPOEVSJOHTFUUJOH r 5PQSPWJEFQSPQFSQSPYJNBMDPOUBDUBOEDPOUPVS r 5PQSPWJEFPQUJNBMTVSGBDFUFYUVSFGPSSFTUPSBUJPO r 5PQSFWFOUHJOHJWBMPWFSIBOHT Q.49 What are matrix retainers? Ans *UIPMETBCBOEJOEFTJSFEQPTJUJPOBOETIBQF Q.50 What is ivory No retainer? What are its advantages and disadvantages? Ans Here the matrix holder has a claw at one end with UXPëBUTFNJDJSDMFBSNTIBWJOHBQPJOUFEQSPKFDUJPO at the end Band used with this matrix has one NBSHJOTMJHIUMZQSPKFDUFEJOJUTNJEEMFQBSU,FFQJOH the matrix band around the tooth, the screw of the retainer is tightened so that the band perfectly fits around the tooth Indication 'PSVOJMBUFSBMDMBTT**UPPUIQSFQBSBUJPOT r r r r 4UVSEZBOETUBCMFJOOBUVSF 1SPWJEFTHPPEDPOUBDUBOEDPOUPVST $BOCFFBTJMZSFNPWFE $BOCFTUFSJMJ[FE Disadvantages r $BOOPUCFVTFEJOCBEMZCSPLFOUFFUI r %PFT OPU PŀFS PQUJNBM SFTVMUT XJUI SFTJO restorations Q.53 What are indications of Toffeimire retainers? Ans r $MBTT*UPPUIQSFQBSBUJPOTXJUICVDDBMPSMJOHVBM extensions r 6OJMBUFSBM PS CJMBUFSBM DMBTT ** 0% UPPUI preparations r $MBTT ** DPNQPVOE UPPUI QSFQBSBUJPOT IBWJOH more than two missing walls Q.54 What are different types of Tofflemire bands? Ans r 'MBUCBOET r 1SFDPOUPVSFECBOET Q.55 What is T-band matrix? Ans. *O 5TIBQFE NBUSJY MPOH BSN PG UIF 5 TVSSPVOET UIF UPPUI BOE PWFSMBQT UIF TIPSU BSN PG UIF 5 *t is JOEJDBUFE JO VOJMBUFSBM PS CJMBUFSBM DMBTT ** 0% tooth preparations Q.56 What is ‘S’ Shaped matrix? Ans *O UIJT TUBJOMFTT TUFFM NBUSJY CBOE JT UBLFO BOE UXJTUFE MJLF i4u XJUI UIF IFMQ PG B NPVUI NJSSPS handle The contoured strip is placed interproximally over the facial surface of tooth and lingual surface of bicuspid Q.57 What are the consequences of not restoring proximal area? Ans r 'PPEJNQBDUJPOMFBEJOHUPSFDVSSFOUDBSJFT r $IBOHFJOPDDMVTJPOBOEJOUFSDVTQBMSFMBUJPOT r 3PUBUJPOBOEESJGUJOHPGUFFUI Q.51 Describe Ivory No retainer? r 5SBVNBUPUIFQFSJPEPOUJVN Ans *WPSZ NBUSJY CBOE SFUBJOFS IPMET UIF NBUSJY CBOE that encircles the tooth to provide missing walls on Q.58 What is mylar strip? both proximal sides *t is indicated in unilateral or Ans .ZMBS TUSJQ JT B USBOTQBSFOU NBUSJY TUSJQ VTFE GPS CJMBUFSBMDMBTT**QSFQBSBUJPOT 0% UPPUIDPMPSFE SFTUPSBUJPO *U JT CVSOJTIFE PWFS UIF 100 Textbook of Preclinical Conservative Dentistry end of a steel instrument to produce a convexity This convex contoured surface is positioned facing the proximal surface of the tooth to be restored Q.59 Ans Name different types of wedging techniques? r 4JOHMFXFEHJOHUFDIOJRVF r %PVCMFXFEHJOH r 8FEHFXFEHJOH r 1JHHZCBDLXFEHJOH BQQMJFE #PUI CBOET DBO CF TUBCJMJ[FE VTJOH B softened compound between the bands Q 64: How can you identify mesial and distal GMT? Ans. *G TIBSQ FEHF PG CMBEF QPJOUT UPXBSE UIF IBOEMF JU JTBNFTJBM(.5*GTIBSQFEHFPGCMBEFQPJOUTBXBZ GSPNUIFIBOEMF JUJTBEJTUBM(.5 Q.60 What is double wedging technique? Ans. r )FSFUXPXFEHFTBSFVTFE POFJTJOTFSUFEGSPN buccal embrasure and another from lingual r *U JT VTFE XIFO TJOHMF XFEHF JT OPU TVŁDJFOU due to interproximal spacing and widening of proximal box is there in buccolingual dimension Q.61 What is wedge wedging technique? Ans. r )FSFUXPXFEHFTBSFVTFE POFXFEHFJTJOTFSUFE from lingual embrasure area while another is inserted between the wedge and matrix band at right angle to first wedge r *t is indicated specially for mesial aspect of Q 65 Why are some instruments made double ended? maxillary first premolar because of presence of Ans Some instruments are made double ended so that ëVUFTJOSPPUOFBSUIFHJOHJWBMBSFB one end can cut from left to right and other end from Q.62 What is Piggyback wedging technique? right to left For example spoon excavator Ans. r )FSF UXP XFEHFT BSF VTFE MBSHFS XFEHF JT inserted as used normally, and then smaller wedge (Piggyback) is inserted above the larger one r *UJTJOEJDBUFEXIFOUIFSFJTTIBMMPXQSPYJNBMCPY with gingival recession Q.63 What is double matricing technique (Balter’s technique) Ans. *ODBTFPGCVDDBMPSMJOHVBMQSFQBSBUJPOT JUJTEJŁDVMU to form cervico-occlusal contour of buccal and lingual surface because of the convexity of occlusal UXPUIJSE*OUIFTFDBTFT TFDPOECBOEJTJOTFSUFEUP cover the occlusal part of buccal or lingual surface between the tooth and the band which is already .. .Textbook of Preclinical Conservative Dentistry Textbook of Preclinical Conservative Dentistry Second Edition Editors Nisha Garg BDS MDS (Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics) Professor Department... Delhi 11 0 002, India Phone: + 91- 11- 43574357 Fax: + 91- 11- 43574 314 Email: jaypee@jaypeebrothers.com Overseas Offices J.P Medical Ltd 83 Victoria Street, London SW1H 0HW (UK) Phone: +44 20 317 0 8 910 ... Classification of Dental Caries 13 7 Tooth Preparation 13 7 Matrix Bands and Retainers 14 1 Steps for Amalgam Restoration for Primary Teeth 14 3 xvi Textbook of Preclinical Conservative Dentistry 11 Dental