(BQ) Part 2 book Introduction to sectional anatomy presentation of content: Abdomen, male and female pelvis, joints, define the general regions that include one or more joints, identify and describe the cartilages associated with each joint, describe the bile duct system,... and other contents.
Madden_3e_CH06.qxd:Layout 8/3/12 2:59 AM Page 319 CHAPTER ABDOMEN Abdomen OBJECTIVES Upon completion of this chapter, the student should be able to the following: Describe the superior and inferior boundaries of the abdomen Describe the general location of the segments of the small and large intestines within the abdomen Identify and describe the location and lobes of the liver Describe the enclosing structures separating the abdomen Explain the location and general function of the gallbladder, pancreas, spleen, adrenal glands, and kidneys Describe the bile duct system Follow the course of blood as it passes through the portal system Describe the major arteries and veins located within the lower chest and abdomen Explain the relationships between structures located within the abdomen 10 Correctly identify anatomic structures on patient computed tomography (CT) images of the abdomen common anomalies that may confuse the viewer when determining image location Compared to the other vertebrae, these can be distinguished by their large size and the absence of costal facets and transverse foramina ANATOMIC OVERVIEW The abdomen is generally considered as the region of the body between the chest and pelvis Although this seems quite simple, the boundaries of the abdomen are often defined differently by different texts because the abdominal cavity extends well into each of the adjacent regions The most superior boundary of the abdominal cavity is the dome-shaped diaphragm, which allows a considerable part of the abdomen to lie within the bony thoracic cage Inferiorly, the abdominal cavity extends into the pelvis and occupies most of the false or greater pelvis, leading some individuals to consider the pelvis as the lower part of the abdomen Because the abdomen and pelvis are often imaged separately, the pelvis will be further described in the next chapter Enclosing Structures Diaphragm (DI¯ -a˘ -fram) The diaphragm is a broad, flat muscle made up of skeletal muscle along the periphery that converges on a broad flat tendon, the central tendon (Fig 6-1) It is often described as two hemidiaphragms (the right and left) because the right side is usually more superior because of the underlying liver Its muscular portion originates from several sources: (1) the sternal process, (2) the costal cartilages and bone of ribs through 12, and (3) the upper lumbar vertebrae Although the diaphragm forms a septum between the thoracic and abdominal cavities, several structures (inferior vena cava, esophagus, and descending aorta) pass through openings within the diaphragm to pass between the chest and abdomen Crura (KRU˘-ra˘ ) The muscular parts of the diaphragm that originate from the lumbar vertebrae and ascend to Skeleton Lumbar (LU˘M-bar) vertebrae Typically, the vertebral column contains five lumbar vertebrae, which form the posterior border of the abdominal cavity Owing to the highly variable division of lumbar vertebrae with adjacent thoracic and sacral vertebrae, four and six lumbar vertebrae are 319 https://kat.cr/user/Blink99/ http://medical.dentalebooks.com/ Madden_3e_CH06.qxd:Layout 8/3/12 2:59 AM Page 320 320 Introduction to Sectional Anatomy Figure 6-1 The inferior surface of the diaphragm the central tendon The right crus arises from the upper three or four lumbar vertebrae, and the left crus originates from the upper two or three The crura combine with ligaments to form the openings for the aorta and esophagus Peritoneum (PER-i-o˘-NE¯-um) Its structure and function are similar to those of the pleura, described in Chapter (Fig 6-2) It is a smooth membrane lining the abdominal cavity (parietal peritoneum) and the abdominal viscera (visceral peritoneum), creating the peritoneal cavity Because the organs within the abdominal cavity are closely arranged, the peritoneal cavity is normally only a small space containing a thin film of serous fluid produced by the membranes Much like the pleura, the peritoneum minimizes friction and acts as a barrier to the spread of infection within the abdomen Mesentery (MES-en-ter-e¯) In addition to the parietal and visceral peritoneum, the mesentery is a double layer of peritoneum that encloses the viscera and attaches it to the abdominal wall Because of constant movement and changes in shape, much of the intestine is described as having no fixed position, being only loosely organized by the mesentery The mesentery also contains the arteries, veins and nerves that supply the intestines and is a primary site for fat storage within the body Retroperitoneal (RE-tro¯-PER-i-to¯-NE¯ -a˘ l) Behind the peritoneal cavity, this space is adjacent to the posterior abdominal wall and contains the following abdominal organs: kidneys, pancreas, distal duodenum, and ascending and descending portions of the colon Viscera (VIS-er-a˘) Stomach A mobile organ situated in the upper left side of the abdominal cavity just below the left hemidiaphragm The esophagus descends through the esophageal hiatus in the diaphragm to join the body of the stomach Above the gastroesophageal junction, the fundus is the part of the stomach found next to the esophagus directly under the diaphragm Below the body of the stomach, the pyloric part is the narrowing region that is continuous with the duodenum (Fig 6-3) Although the location and shape of the stomach will vary among individuals and can change over time within a single individual, the relationship of the three segments from superior to inferior will usually remain the same Small intestine The site of the major part of digestion It extends from the termination of the stomach to the large intestine, ranging from to m in length It includes the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum Duodenum (du¯-o¯-DE¯-nu˘m) The first segment of the small intestine, extending from the pyloric part of the http://medical.dentalebooks.com/ Madden_3e_CH06.qxd:Layout 8/3/12 2:59 AM Page 321 321 ABDOMEN Chapter / Abdomen Figure 6-2 A median sagittal view of the abdomen demonstrating the peritoneum and mesentery stomach to the jejunum It is approximately 25-cm long Its C shape wraps around the head of the pancreas and the superior mesenteric vessels (Fig 6-4) Only the superior part of the duodenum lies within the peritoneum; the remaining three parts (descending, inferior, and ascending) are all retroperitoneal and are fixed in position Jejunum (je˘-JU¯-nu˘m) The second segment of the small intestine is arranged in numerous coils or loops, is approximately 2.4-m long, and extends from the duodenum to the ileum (Fig 6-5) It is difficult to distinguish from the ileum, even though it has a thicker wall, greater diameter, and larger vascular supply In the average patient, location typically provides a general means for distinguishing between the jejunum and ileum; the jejunum usually lies in the umbilical region, whereas the ileum lies in the lower abdomen and pelvis Ileum (IL-e¯-u˘m) The third segment is also arranged in numerous coils or loops and is the longest segment of the small intestine, averaging 3.6 m in length As noted, the ileum is difficult to distinguish from the jejunum, except for its lower position in the abdominal cavity It terminates in the lower right quadrant of the abdominal cavity at the ileocecal valve and is continuous with the first part of the large intestine Helpful hint: The spelling of the ileum of the intestine is often confused with the ilium of the bony pelvis If one notes that the shape of the coiled intestine resembles the letter e, then one should remember the proper spelling for both anatomic structures Large intestine The large intestine is approximately 1.5 m in length and extends from the terminal ileum to the anus (Figs 6-5 and 6-6) The material passing from the terminal ileum to the large intestine is about 90% water, most of which is absorbed by the large intestine Many individuals will use the term colon synonymously with large intestine; however, this is incorrect The large intestine is made up of two parts: the cecum and the colon https://kat.cr/user/Blink99/ http://medical.dentalebooks.com/ Madden_3e_CH06.qxd:Layout 8/3/12 2:59 AM Page 322 322 Introduction to Sectional Anatomy Figure 6-3 A sketch illustrating the three parts of the stomach Cecum (SE¯-ku˘m) The first segment of the large intestine located in the lower right side of the abdomen posterior to the peritoneum It is below the ileocecal valve and forms a blind pouch that is continuous with the ascending colon At to cm below the opening of the ileocecal valve within the cecum, a smaller opening leads into the appendix The appendix is a long narrow tube averaging about cm in length with a highly variable position that partially depends on the shape and contents of the cecum Ascending colon The segment originating above the ileocecal valve that is continuous with the cecum and extends upward to the hepatic flexure next to the liver on the right side of the abdomen Similar to the cecum, it is retroperitoneal and relatively fixed in position along the posterior wall of the abdomen In the lower abdomen, it lies adjacent to the musculature forming the posterior abdominal wall; in the upper abdomen, it lies anterior to the right kidney Hepatic (he-PAT-ik) flexure of colon The bend or right flexure of the colon between the ascending and transverse Figure 6-4 An anterior view of the structures within the upper abdominal cavity after removal of the stomach, jejunum, and transverse colon http://medical.dentalebooks.com/ Madden_3e_CH06.qxd:Layout 8/3/12 2:59 AM Page 323 323 ABDOMEN Chapter / Abdomen Figure 6-5 An anterior view of the contents within the abdomen following removal and reflection of the anterior abdominal wall Figure 6-6 A sketch demonstrating the location of the large intestine as compared to the selected structures adjacent to the posterior abdominal wall https://kat.cr/user/Blink99/ http://medical.dentalebooks.com/ Madden_3e_CH06.qxd:Layout 8/3/12 2:59 AM Page 324 324 Introduction to Sectional Anatomy segments of the colon As the name implies, the flexure is next to the liver on the upper right side of the abdomen Owing to the more anterior position of the transverse colon, the hepatic flexure is best demonstrated in an oblique view from the right anterior side Transverse colon The segment of the colon traversing across the abdomen between the hepatic and splenic flexures In contrast to the ascending colon, it is invested with peritoneum and is suspended from the posterior abdominal wall by mesentery (the transverse mesocolon) Although the ends have a fixed position, the location of the middle region is highly variable and may be found from the upper abdomen to the greater pelvis Despite the level, the middle region usually lies adjacent to the anterior abdominal wall Splenic (SPLEN-ik) flexure of colon At the terminal end of the transverse colon, the left flexure of the colon redirects the colon downward to become the descending colon Unlike the hepatic flexure, this flexure is best demonstrated in the oblique view from the left anterior side and is usually more superiorly situated, adjacent to the spleen Descending colon The part of the large intestine originating at the splenic flexure that extends along the left posterior wall to the level of the pelvic brim or inlet Within the greater pelvis, it travels downward to join the sigmoid colon Similar to the ascending colon, it is retroperitoneal and is fixed in position by the musculature of the posterior abdominal wall Liver The largest gland in the body, found in the upper abdominal cavity on the right side For the most part, it lies within the bony thoracic cage, and its superior surface is covered by the diaphragm The superior liver is dome shaped, following the contour of the diaphragm, and the inferior or visceral surface is somewhat flattened, facing downward toward the other viscera within the abdomen On the visceral surface, an H-shaped arrangement of fissures and fossae is found dividing the liver into four separate lobes (Fig 6-7) The transverse part of the H is formed by the porta hepatis, which includes the hepatic ducts, portal vein, and proper hepatic artery The sides of the H are formed by the gallbladder and the inferior vena cava on the left side and the ligamentum teres (obliterated remains of the left umbilical vein) and ligamentum venosum (the Figure 6-7 The visceral surface of the liver as seen from below http://medical.dentalebooks.com/ Madden_3e_CH06.qxd:Layout 8/3/12 2:59 AM Page 325 fibrous remains of the embryologic ductus venosus) on the right side Left lobe The left part of the liver demarcated on the diaphragmatic surface by the falciform ligament On the visceral side, the ligamentum teres in front and the ligamentum venosum in back form the boundary for the left lobe In the abdomen, the left lobe of the liver usually lies anterior to the body of the stomach Right lobe The largest part of the liver opposite the left lobe On the visceral surface, the hepatic flexure of the colon lies near the anterior part of the right lobe and lateral to the gallbladder Caudate (KAW-da¯t) lobe The small, posterior lobe located between the inferior vena cava and the ligamentum venosum, posterior to the porta hepatis Helpful hint: The “c” in caudate can help you remember that it lies next to the inferior vena cava (also starts with a “c”) Quadrate (KWAH-dra˘t) lobe The small, anterior lobe located between the gallbladder and the ligamentum teres Helpful hint: The “q” in quadrate is shaped much like the “g” in gallbladder 325 Gallbladder Lies just below the anterior liver within its fossa on the visceral surface and acts as a reservoir for bile produced by the liver Common bile duct Transports bile from the gallbladder (via the cystic duct) and the liver (via the hepatic duct) to the duodenum (Fig 6-8) In its course, it lies posterior to the superior duodenum and beside the head of the pancreas It is approximately 7.5 cm in length and ends at the duodenal wall, where it joins with the main pancreatic duct Pancreas (PAN-kre¯-as) A collection of glandular tissue with little connective tissue, it has both exocrine and endocrine functions (Figs 6-8 and 6-9) Head The expanded part of the pancreas lying within the curvature of the duodenum Because the pancreas is covered only on its anterior surface by peritoneum, it is considered retroperitoneal similar to the adjacent parts of the duodenum The head of the pancreas is divided by the superior mesenteric artery and vein that partially separate the uncinate process, the part of the pancreas located inferior to the mesenteric vessels Figure 6-8 A drawing from an anterior view illustrating the bile duct system and adjacent structures https://kat.cr/user/Blink99/ http://medical.dentalebooks.com/ ABDOMEN Chapter / Abdomen Madden_3e_CH06.qxd:Layout 8/3/12 2:59 AM Page 326 326 Introduction to Sectional Anatomy Figure 6-9 A drawing from a posterior view illustrating the pancreas and adjacent structures Body The central region of the pancreas primarily located posterior to the stomach and anterior to the left kidney Tail The narrowed left end of the pancreas extending toward the surface of the spleen Spleen (sple¯n) The soft, lymphatic organ that lies against the diaphragm on the upper left side of the abdomen within the thoracic cage (Fig 6-4) Its size and shape vary considerably, depending somewhat on the adjacent structures Its anterior surface is next to the stomach, its posterior surface is next to the left kidney, its superior surface is next to the diaphragm, and its inferior surface is next to the left splenic flexure of the colon Kidneys The bean-shaped, retroperitoneal organs on either side of the vertebral column typically centered at the level of the 1st lumbar vertebra Anomalies in formation are common during development, resulting in variations in the shape and location of the kidneys Within the kidney, fluid and waste products are filtered from the blood to form urine, which is collected in the renal pelvis and drains into the ureters (Fig 6-10) Ureters (yu¯-RE¯ -terz) Retroperitoneal, originating from the renal pelvis and extending downward to drain urine into the bladder Although most people have two ureters (one for each kidney), common congenital anomalies include duplication of part or all of the ureter Adrenal (a˘-DRE¯-na˘l) glands Also referred to as the suprarenal glands, these soft, glandular organs are located on the top pole of the kidneys (Fig 6-11) Roughly pyramidal in shape, their average dimensions in the adult are approximately 5-cm long, 3-cm wide, and 1-cm thick Although these endocrine glands are relatively small, they produce hormones with widespread effects, including epinephrine and norepinephrine, which are responsible for the fight-or-flight response In axial images, the glands are considerably thinner and are less dense than the underlying kidneys (which average 3-cm thick) Arteries Abdominal or descending aorta (a¯-O¯R-ta˘) The continuation of the thoracic aorta, it originates at the level of the diaphragm and extends to the pelvis (Fig 6-6) The retroperitoneal artery lies on the left side of the vertebral column and terminates at the origin of the right and left common iliac arteries http://medical.dentalebooks.com/ Madden_3e_CH06.qxd:Layout 8/3/12 2:59 AM Page 327 327 ABDOMEN Chapter / Abdomen Figure 6-10 A sketch illustrating the contents of the kidney Figure 6-11 The adrenal gland and kidney with adjoining structures Celiac (SE¯-le¯-ak) trunk The first branch off the abdominal aorta, it originates just below the diaphragm between the lesser curvature of the stomach and the liver (Fig 6-12) The artery is relatively short (1 to cm long) and originates nearly perpendicular to the aorta It gives rise to the common hepatic artery, left gastric artery, and splenic artery Common hepatic artery The branch of the celiac trunk that gives rise to the proper hepatic artery (supplies the liver and gallbladder) and the gastroduodenal artery (supplies the stomach, duodenum, and pancreas) Anomalies of the artery are quite common Approximately 41% of patients have aberrant common hepatic arteries, including instances in which the artery originates directly from the aorta or the superior mesenteric artery Splenic artery The largest branch of the celiac trunk, it travels behind the stomach to end at the spleen It usually travels a tortuous path, giving it a distinctive appearance and facilitating its identification in sectional images Superior mesenteric artery It originates from the abdominal aorta approximately cm below the celiac trunk It extends downward to supply blood to the small intestine and the first half of the large intestine, including the cecum, the ascending colon, and the right half of the transverse colon (Fig 6-13) Originating posterior to the pyloric part of the stomach, it extends at an oblique angle from the aorta Compared to the perpendicular origin of https://kat.cr/user/Blink99/ http://medical.dentalebooks.com/ Madden_3e_CH06.qxd:Layout 8/3/12 2:59 AM Page 328 328 Introduction to Sectional Anatomy Figure 6-12 Branches of the celiac trunk as compared to the stomach and spleen the nearby celiac trunk, its oblique course can be a distinguishing characteristic in sectional images As the artery descends into the abdomen, it travels through the head of the pancreas within the C loop of the duodenum to enter the mesentery Renal (RE¯ -na˘ l) arteries Two large trunks arising on either side of the aorta just below the superior mesenteric artery Each artery forms a nearly right angle with the aorta as it extends to the kidneys (Fig 6-14) Because the right renal artery passes behind the inferior vena cava and the right renal vein, it is usually slightly longer than the left In approximately one in four cases, additional renal arteries are present and are more frequently found on the left side Instead of entering the kidney at the hilum, additional renal arteries usually join with either the upper or the lower poles of the kidney Inferior mesenteric artery Originating from the aorta in the mid-lumbar region, it enters the mesentery to supply blood to the left half of the transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, and upper rectum (Fig 6-15) Common iliac arteries Bilateral arteries arising from the abdominal aorta at the level of the 4th lumbar vertebra; they diverge laterally as they enter the pelvis Within the greater pelvis, each artery bifurcates to give rise to the internal and external iliac arteries Veins Inferior vena cava (VE¯ -na˘ -KA¯ -va˘) The major route for drainage of venous blood from the abdomen, pelvis, and lower extremities (Fig 6-16) It lies parallel to the http://medical.dentalebooks.com/ Madden_3e_Appendix_D.qxd:Layout 8/3/12 2:57 PM Page 617 Figure Credits 617 Figure 8-14: From Sanders RC, Winter TC Clinical Sonography: A Practical Guide, 4th Ed Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2006 Figure 8-49: From Sanders RC, Winter TC Clinical Sonography: A Practical Guide, 4th Ed Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2006 Figure 8-15: From Sanders RC, Winter TC Clinical Sonography: A Practical Guide, 4th Ed Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2006 Figure 8-73: From Sanders RC, Winter TC Clinical Sonography: A Practical Guide, 4th Ed Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2006 Figure 8-20: From Kawamura DM Diagnostic Medical Sonography, A Guide to Clinical Practice: Abdomen and Superficial Structures, 2nd Edition Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 1997 Figure 8-74: From Sanders RC, Winter TC Clinical Sonography: A Practical Guide, 4th Ed Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2006 Figure 8-21: From Kawamura DM Diagnostic Medical Sonography, A Guide to Clinical Practice: Abdomen and Superficial Structures, 2nd Edition Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 1997 Figure 8-23: From Sanders RC, Winter TC Clinical Sonography: A Practical Guide, 4th Ed Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2006 Figure 8-33: From Sanders RC, Winter TC Clinical Sonography: A Practical Guide, 4th Ed Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2006 Figure 8-40: From Sanders RC, Winter TC Clinical Sonography: A Practical Guide, 4th Ed Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2006 Figure 8-76: From Sanders RC, Winter TC Clinical Sonography: A Practical Guide, 4th Ed Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2006 Figure 8-77: From Sanders RC, Winter TC Clinical Sonography: A Practical Guide, 4th Ed Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2006 Figure 8-79: From Sanders RC, Winter TC Clinical Sonography: A Practical Guide, 4th Ed Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2006 Figure 8-80: From Sanders RC, Winter TC Clinical Sonography: A Practical Guide, 4th Ed Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2006 Figure 8-82: From Sanders RC, Winter TC Clinical Sonography: A Practical Guide, 4th Ed Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2006 Figure 8-41: From Sanders RC, Winter TC Clinical Sonography: A Practical Guide, 4th Ed Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2006 Figure 8-83: From Sanders RC, Winter TC Clinical Sonography: A Practical Guide, 4th Ed Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2006 Figure 8-43: From Sanders RC, Winter TC Clinical Sonography: A Practical Guide, 4th Ed Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2006 Figure 8-85: From Sanders RC, Winter TC Clinical Sonography: A Practical Guide, 4th Ed Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2006 Figure 8-44: From Sanders RC, Winter TC Clinical Sonography: A Practical Guide, 4th Ed Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2006 Figure 8-86: From Sanders RC, Winter TC Clinical Sonography: A Practical Guide, 4th Ed Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2006 https://kat.cr/user/Blink99/ http://medical.dentalebooks.com/ Madden_3e_Appendix_D.qxd:Layout 8/3/12 2:57 PM Page 618 http://medical.dentalebooks.com/ Madden_3e_Index.qxd:Layout 8/4/12 12:31 AM Page 619 Index A Abdomen, 319–388, 321f anatomic overview of, 319–333 arteries in, 326–328 enclosing structures in, 319–320 muscles in, 333 skeletal parts in, 319 veins in, 328–333, 331f viscera in, 320–326 wall (posterior) in, 332f anterior view, 322f case studies, 382–387 colorectal carcinoma and PET/CT of, 387, 387f gallbladder and ultrasound of, 384, 384f gallbladder carcinoma and ultrasound of, 385, 385f renal arterial blood flow and MRA of, 382, 382f renal transplant and MRA of, 383, 383f stomach carcinoma and PET/CT of, 386, 386f CT (axial) of, 334, 334f–381f peritoneum and mesentery of, median sagittal view of, 321f Abdominal aortic aneurysm, CT of, 521, 521f Abducens nerve, 14 Abductor digiti minimi muscle, 550, 551f, 552, 553f, 556, 556f Abductor pollicis brevis muscle, 550, 551f, 552, 553, 556, 556f Absorption values, 4f, Acetabular fossa, 560f, 562f Acetabular labrum, 558f Acetabulum, 390f, 487f left, 507f lunate surface of, 558, 558f, 560f, 562f Achilles tendon, 584f Acromioclavicular joint, 527 Acromion process, 232f, 260f, 527, 530f, 532f, 534f, 536f Adductor longus muscle, 559f Adductor magnus muscle, 559f, 565f Adductor minimus muscle, 559f Adductor pollicis, 550, 551f Adipose tissue, 249f, 253f Adnexal area(s), 397, 463f, 465f, 467f left, 476f, 478f, 510f right, 489f, 508f ultrasound of, 479f Adrenal gland(s), 326 kidney and, 327f left, 346f, 348f, 350f right, 344f, 346f Air cells, ethmoid, 10f, 191f mastoid, 28f, 30f, 88f, 92f, 94f, 188f Amphiarthrosis joints, Amygdaloid body, 18f Anal sphincter, 514f, 516f, 518f, 519f ultrasound of, 443f Ankle, 583–599 anatomic overview of, 583–584 case studies, 599, 599f lateral view of, 585f medial view of, 584f MRI of axial, 590, 590f–595f sagittal, 586, 586f–589f musculature of, 584 plantar view of, 579f skeleton, 583–584 Anterior arch, 166, 173, 174f, 188f Anulus fibrosus, 129f, 136f, 140f, 142f, 144f, 153f, 154f, 155f, 156f, 160f Aorta, 234f, 367f, 373f, 399f, 403f, 407f, 421f, 425f, 445f, 447f abdominal, 151f, 330f, 335f, 337f, 349f, 355f, 362f, 364f, 366f, 368f, 370f, 375f, 377f, 379f, 409f, 502f bifurcation of, 372f ascending, 239, 240f, 256f, 267f, 269f, 271f, 280f, 281f, 282f, 283f, 284f, 285f, 286f, 287f descending, 239, 242f, 256f, 258f, 271f, 273f, 280f, 282f, 284f, 292f, 294f, 295f, 296f, 298f, 302f, 309f, 326, 334f, 338f, 340f, 342f, 348f, 352f, 356f, 360f, 375f Aortic arch, 3f, 180f, 219f, 223f, 239, 239f, 240f, 246f, 250f, 252f, 254f, 256f, 258f, 267f, 269f, 271f, 273f, 276f, 278f, 280f, 285f, 287f, 293f, 295f, 297f Aortic valve, 289f Aortobilateral iliac endografting, CT of, 520, 520f Appendix, 322, 332 Arachnoid granulation, 15f Arachnoid mater, 15f, 18 Arachnoid space, 15f Areola, 245f Arteries, 21–23 See also specific arteries in brain, 22f in head, 181f CTA with MIP of, 35f in neck, 181f in pelvis, 393f Arthrodia joints, Articular capsule, 539f, 541f, 544f, 558f Articular cartilage, 528–529, 534f, 570f, 572f glenoid fossa in, 536f in pubic bones, 391, 436f Articular cavity, 558f Articular facet, 128 inferior, 173 lateral, 566 superior, 167, 173, 174f Aryepiglottic folds, 175, 178f, 179f, 180f, 197f, 199f, 205f, 210f Arytenoid cartilage, 175, 177f, 182f, 184f, 199f, 201f, 212f, 214f Astragalus, 583 Atherosclerotic disease, CTA of, 224, 224f Atlas (C1), 125, 173, 190f, 192f anterior arch of, 188f posterior arch of, 217f, 219f superior view of, 174f Atrium left, 238, 238f, 239f, 246f, 250f, 252f, 254f, 256f, 258f, 263f, 267f, 269f, 271f, 273f, 285f, 286f, 287f, 293f, 295f, 297f right, 238, 238f, 239f, 246f, 250f, 263f, 267f, 269f, 271f, 273f, 279f, 281f, 294f, 296f, 298f, 300f Auditory canal, internal, 12f, 13, 91f Axial plane, 3, 4f Axillary arteries, 181f, 183f, 201f, 240, 241f left, 266f Axillary cavity, 529 Axillary recess, 528f, 534f Axillary veins, 241 left, 262f right, 181f, 242f 619 https://kat.cr/user/Blink99/ http://medical.dentalebooks.com/ INDEX Page numbers followed by f denote figures Madden_3e_Index.qxd:Layout 8/4/12 12:31 AM Page 620 620 Introduction to Sectional Anatomy Axillary vessels, 532f Axis, 173 lateral view of, 174f Azygos arch, 278f, 281f, 285f, 303f Azygos vein, 234f, 241, 243f, 287f, 296f, 300f, 304f, 308f, 334f, 338f, 340f, 342f B Basal ganglia axial section through, 19f lateral view of, 19f thalamic nuclei and, coronal section through, 20f Basilar arteries, 21, 22f, 27f, 31f, 33f, 89f, 90f, 91f, 92f, 94f, 97f, 183f Basivertebral vein, 140f Biceps brachii muscle long head of, 528f, 529, 529f, 559f short head of, 233, 529 Biceps muscle, 533f, 539f, 540f, 544f, 546f Bile duct anterior view of, 325f common, 325, 345f, 349f, 350f Bladder, 341f, 343f, 357f, 361f, 363f, 367f, 396, 402f, 415f, 417f, 420f, 432f, 434f, 445f, 447f, 449f, 451f, 461f, 465f, 478f, 485f, 487f, 496f, 502f, 504f, 507f, 509f bottom of, 482f posterior, 508f, 510f, 514f wall of, 506f root of, 501f top of, 418f ultrasound (sagittal) of, 431f Bony orbit, 12, 32f, 76f, 78f, 88f Brachial artery, 544f Brachialis muscle, 539f, 540f, 544f, 546f elbow and, 539 posterior view of, 529f Brachiocephalic artery, 183f, 213f, 238f, 239, 240f, 246f, 250f, 269f, 270f, 271f, 272f, 273f, 274f, 287f, 295f Brachiocephalic vein(s), 203f, 240–241 bifurcation of, 266f left, 180f, 239f, 243f, 246f, 250f, 252f, 254f, 268f, 270f, 272f, 273f, 274f, 276f, 285f, 287f, 293f right, 180f, 181f, 239f, 240f, 242f, 243f, 268f, 270f, 272f, 274f, 276f, 279f, 283f Brachioradialis muscle, 546f elbow and, 539 Brain, 14–18 See also specific structures arteries of, 22f fornix of, 15, 16f, 19f, 59f, 65f, 100f, 103f lateral view of, 23f outer coverings of, 20f Brain stem, 56f, 184f See also Medulla oblongata; Pons cerebellum and, 14 cranial nerves and, 14 median sagittal view of, 16f Breast(s) benign cyst in, 261f carcinoma in, 261f axial breast and lesion measurement, 251f MRI (axial) of, 253f MRI (sagittal) of, 249f MRI with MIP of, 257f, 259f PET/CT of, 316, 316f, 525, 525f ultrasound of, 255f, 314, 314f, 315, 315f ultrasound (axial) of, 255f ultrasound (sagittal) of, 247f MRI (sagittal) of, 245f Breast carcinoma, PET/CT of, 525f Broad ligaments, 397, 402f, 455f, 457f, 465f, 469f anterior view of, 398f left, 487f, 489f, 491f sagittal section through, 399f ultrasound of, 511f–513f Bronchi left, 242f, 254f, 256f, 258f lower lobe, 236 left, 237f, 299f, 301f, 303f right, 237f, 290f, 303f main, 236 left, 237f, 282f, 286f, 295f, 297f, 301f, 303f right, 237f, 282f, 283f middle lobe, 236 right, 237f upper lobe, 236 left, 237f, 286f, 299f right, 237f, 282f, 301f Bronchial tree, 237f Bronchus intermedius, 236, 237f, 286f, 301f C Calcaneus, 579, 579f, 584f Calvarial bone, 18 Capitate, 545f, 546, 549f, 551f, 556f, 557f Capitulum, 538, 538f, 542f, 543f, 546f, 547f Carcinoma breast, 261f axial breast and lesion measurement, 251f MRI (axial) of, 253f MRI (sagittal) of, 249f MRI with MIP of, 257f, 259f PET/CT of, 316, 316f, 525, 525f ultrasound of, 247f, 255f, 314, 314f, 315, 315f ultrasound (axial) of, 255f ultrasound (sagittal) of, 247f colorectal, PET/CT of, 387, 387f gallbladder, ultrasound of, 385, 385f larynx, PET/CT of, 229, 229f squamous cell carcinoma, PET/CT of, 123, 123f stomach, PET/CT of, 386, 386f, 524, 524f Carina, 219f, 236, 237f, 282f, 301f, 303f Carotid artery(ies) common, 176–178, 180f, 181f, 183f, 186f, 205f, 207f, 209f, 211f, 213f, 215f, 217f, 219f, 221f, 223f, 239, 241f, 273f left, 204f, 206f, 208f, 210f, 212f, 216f, 218f, 222f, 238f, 239f, 240f, 264f, 266f, 268f, 269f, 270f, 272f, 273f, 274f, 297f right, 214f, 220f, 240f, 260f, 262f, 266f CTA of, 183f external, 35f, 178, 181f, 183f, 203f, 209f, 217f, 219f, 221f, 241f right, 200f, 202f internal, 22f, 27f, 29f, 35f, 37f, 68f, 69f, 70f, 87f, 89f, 92f, 95f, 97f, 178, 181f, 183f, 201f, 203f, 209f, 211f, 213f, 215f, 217f, 219f, 221f, 223f, 241f plaque in, 183f right, 188f, 192f, 194f, 196f, 198f, 200f, 202f MRA of, 183f Carotid canal, 13f Carotid foramen, 13 Carpal tunnel, 546 Case studies abdomen colorectal carcinoma and PET/CT of, 387, 387f gallbladder and ultrasound of, 384, 384f gallbladder carcinoma and ultrasound of, 385, 385f renal arterial blood flow and MRA of, 382, 382f renal transplant and MRA of, 383, 383f stomach carcinoma and PET/CT of, 386, 386f ankle, 599, 599f chest breast carcinoma and PET/CT of, 316, 316f breast carcinoma and ultrasound of, 314, 314f, 315, 315f coronary arteries and CTA of, 313, 313f heart and CTA of, 312, 312f lung carcinoma and PET/CT of, 317, 317f elbow, 596, 596f http://medical.dentalebooks.com/ Madden_3e_Index.qxd:Layout 8/4/12 12:31 AM Page 621 head cerebrovascular disease and MRA of, 119, 119f hydranencephaly and CT of, 122, 122f hydranencephaly and ultrasound of, 121, 121f hydrocephalus and ultrasound of, 120, 120f meningioma and CTA of, 118, 118f squamous cell carcinoma and PET/CT of, 123, 123f neck, 224–229 atherosclerotic disease and CTA of, 224, 224f cerebrovascular disease and MRA of, 225, 225f cyst and ultrasound of, 226, 226f goiter and ultrasound of, 227, 227f larynx carcinoma and PET/CT of, 229, 229f melanoma and PET/CT of, 228, 228f pelvis, 597–598, 597f, 598f abdominal aortic aneurysm and CT of, 521, 521f aortobilateral iliac endografting and CT of, 520, 520f breast carcinoma and PET/CT of, 525, 525f prostate and ultrasound of, 522, 522f stomach carcinoma and PET/CT of, 524, 524f testicles and ultrasound of, 523, 523f PET/CT, 600–601, 600f, 601f spine back pain and MRI of, 170, 170f car accidents and CT of, 166, 166f, 167, 167f car accidents and MRI of, 169, 169f gunshot wound and CT of, 168, 168f spondylolisthesis in, 171, 171f Cauda equina, 129, 138f, 140f, 142f, 150f, 152f, 154f, 155f, 157f, 159f, 161f Caudate lobe, 342f, 344f Caudate nucleus, 17, 18f, 19f, 34f, 41f, 44f, 61f, 67f, 68f, 70f, 71f, 74f, 102f, 103f, 105f, 107f Cavernous sinus, 21f, 67f, 71f Cecum, 322, 339f, 343f, 351f, 353f, 372f, 376f, 398f, 400f, 408f, 412f, 416f, 444f, 446f, 450f, 452f, 496f, 497f, 498f Celiac arteries, 337f, 369f, 375f Celiac trunk, 327, 350f, 367f, 371f, 373f, 433f spleen and, 328f stomach and, 328f Central canal, 15f Central nervous system See also Brain; Spinal cord CSF in, 23 medial sagittal drawing of, 15f Central sulcus, 14, 16f, 109f, 110f, 111f, 112f, 113f Cerebellar artery, anterior inferior, 22f Cerebellar tonsils, 14, 42f Cerebellar vermis, 51f, 90f, 91f, 100f superior, 48f Cerebellum, 14, 30f, 32f, 34f, 36f, 41f, 47f, 49f, 51f, 55f, 93f, 95f, 96f, 184f Cerebral aqueduct, 15f, 16f, 23, 23f, 56f, 97f, 98f Cerebral artery(ies), 27f, 118 anterior, 22, 22f, 27f, 29f, 35f, 37f, 69f, 71f, 72f, 73f, 96f, 101f, 102f, 103f middle, 22f, 27f, 29f, 35f, 37f, 70f, 94f, 96f, 99f, 103f, 109f posterior, 21, 22f, 27f, 31f, 33f, 94f, 95f, 96f, 98f, 99f Cerebral peduncles, 17, 20f, 40f, 58f Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), 18, 22, 54f, 115f, 120f, 121–122 in central nervous system, 23 in sulcus, 47f, 115f, 117f Cerebrovascular disease, MRA of, 119, 119f, 225, 225f head, 119, 119f neck, 225, 225f Cerebrum, 14 lateral view of, 16f Cervical vertebrae, 125, 173, 182f, 184f, 186f airway structures and, 176f C1 (atlas), 125, 173, 190f, 192f anterior arch of, 188f posterior arch of, 217f, 219f superior view of, 174f C2, spinous process of, 221f C3, 174–175 bifid spinous process, 204f spinous process of, 206f vertebral arch of, 200f C4, 174–175 spinous process of, 210f C5, 174–175 transverse process of, 217f C6, 174–175 lamina of, 221f spinous process of, 214f C7, transverse process of, 219f superior view of, 126f–127f, 175f trapezius muscle and, 529 Cervix, 397 Chest, 231–318 anatomic overview of, 231–243 airway structures in, 235–237 arteries in, 239–240 skeletal parts in, 231–234 veins in, 240–243 viscera in, 238–239 https://kat.cr/user/Blink99/ 621 case studies, 312–317 breast carcinoma and PET/CT of, 316, 316f breast carcinoma and ultrasound of, 314, 314f, 315, 315f coronary arteries and CTA of, 313, 313f heart and CTA of, 312, 312f lung carcinoma and PET/CT of, 317, 317f CT (axial) of, 260, 260f–311f enclosing structures of, 234–235 axial section through, 234f coronal section through, 234f MRI (sagittal) of, 244, 244f–259f Chiasmatic cistern, 25f Choroid plexus, 15f, 25f, 41f, 53f, 55f, 61f, 63f, 99f, 101f, 102f, 103f, 104f Circle of Willis, 21 Cisterna magna, 15f, 23, 25f, 42f, 49f, 51f, 53f, 55f Claustrum, 17, 19f, 20f Clavicle, 181f, 189f, 191f, 231, 232f, 233, 233f, 242f, 260f, 275f, 277f, 279f, 295f, 305f, 536f left, 268f, 270f, 272f, 299f Clinoid process anterior, 12, 92f posterior, 12, 12f Clivus, 11f, 12, 40f, 86f Coccygeus muscle, 394 Coccyx, 128, 390f, 391, 403f–404f, 429f, 430f, 474f, 476f, 560f, 562f tip of, 478f, 480f Collateral ligament lateral, 565f, 566, 566f medial, 565f, 566, 571f Colon ascending, 322, 337f, 339f, 341f, 343f, 353f, 357f, 361f, 364f, 366f descending, 324, 346f, 348f, 350f, 352f, 353f, 354f, 360f, 361f, 366f, 368f, 400f, 408f, 418f, 444f, 452f, 496f hepatic flexure of, 322–324, 337f, 339f, 353f, 354f, 358f, 365f, 375f sigmoid, 353f, 357f, 371f, 420f, 445f, 447f, 449f, 451f, 456f, 473f, 485f, 487f, 493f, 496f, 497f, 499f, 502f, 504f, 506f, 514f, 518f splenic flexure of, 306f, 308f, 310f, 324, 337f, 342f, 344f, 353f, 355f, 375f transverse, 324, 346f, 348f, 350f, 351f, 352f, 354f, 360f, 363f, 365f, 367f, 369f Colorectal carcinoma, PET/CT of, 387, 387f Commissure anterior, 15, 16f, 40f posterior, 15, 16f http://medical.dentalebooks.com/ INDEX Index Madden_3e_Index.qxd:Layout 8/4/12 12:31 AM Page 622 622 Introduction to Sectional Anatomy Communicating arteries anterior, 22, 22f posterior, 21, 22f Computed tomography (CT), 1, See also Positron emission tomography/computed tomography of abdomen, 334, 334f–381f of abdominal aortic aneurysm, 521, 521f of aortobilateral iliac endografting, 520, 520f of chest, 260, 260f–311f axial, 260f–311f of femur fracture, 569f of head axial, 86f–117f coronal, 76f–85f of hip, 560, 560f–564f of hydranencephaly, 122, 122f of neck, axial, 188f–223f of pelvis, 417f, 419f female, 444, 444f–494f male, 398, 400f–443f with MIP, 415f, 417f, 419f, 421f, 423f, 425f, 427f, 429f of sagittal neck, 191f, 193f, 195f, 197f, 199f, 201f of spine axial, 148f–165f car accidents and, 166, 166f, 167, 167f gunshot wound and, 168, 168f of wrist axial, 548, 552f–557f coronal, 557f Computed tomography angiography (CTA) of arteries of head, with MIP, 35f of atherosclerotic disease, 224, 224f of carotid arteries, 183f of coronary arteries, 313, 313f of heart, 312, 312f of meningioma, 118, 118f Concha, 9, 73f, 74f, 76f, 77f, 78f, 80f, 81f, 82f, 83f inferior, 10f, 74f, 81f middle, 10f superior, 10f Condylar fossa, 13f Condyle(s) femoral lateral, 572f medial, 569f lateral, 565, 565f of mandible, 10, 11f, 86f, 87f medial, 565, 565f occipital, 13f Confluence of sinuses, 15f, 19, 21f, 25f, 93f, 98f, 100f Conus medullaris, 129, 140f, 142f, 153f Cooper’s ligament, 245f Coracobrachialis muscle, 528f, 529 Coracoid process, 232f, 264f, 529 Coronal neck, CT of, 189f, 191f, 193f, 195f, 197f, 199f, 201f, 203f Coronal plane, 4f Corona radiata, 18, 20f, 43f, 56f, 109f, 112f, 113f Coronary arteries CTA of, 313, 313f left, 267f, 279f, 281f, 283f, 287f right, 279f, 281f Coronary vessel, 273f Coronoid fossa, 538, 538f, 544f, 545f Coronoid process, 538, 542f, 543f, 544f, 545f flexor digitorum superficialis muscle and, 546–547 Corpus callosum, 14, 16f, 20f, 38f, 40f, 41f, 44f, 54f, 55f, 59f, 62f, 65f, 66f, 67f, 68f, 71f, 74f, 98f, 104f, 105f, 106f, 107f Corpus cavernosum, 396, 440f, 442f Corpus spongiosum, 396, 440f, 442f Costal facet inferior, 232f superior, 232f Costal muscle, 245f Costal pleura, 234f Costodiaphragmatic recess, 234f, 235, 277f, 305f, 307f, 309f Costophrenic angle, 310f Cranial nerves, 9, 14, 90f Cribriform foramen, 13 Cribriform plate, 9, 10f, 12f, 76f, 78f, 90f Cricoid cartilage, 175, 177f, 182f, 184f, 199f, 201f Crista galli, 9, 10f, 12f, 76f, 78f Cruciate ligament anterior, 565f, 566, 566f, 568f, 570f, 571f posterior, 565f, 566, 566f, 568f, 570f, 571f Crura, 319–320 CSF See Cerebrospinal fluid CT See Computed tomography CTA See Computed tomography angiography Cuboid, 579, 579f Cuneiforms, 549, 579, 579f, 584 Cyst(s) in breast, 261f in neck, 226, 226f Cystic duct, 345f D Deltoid muscle, 529, 530f, 532f, 534f, 535f biceps muscle and, 533f subscapularis muscle and, 531f supraspinatus muscle and, 533f Dens, 173, 184f, 188f, 190f, 192f Diaphragm, 234f, 235, 239f, 319 See also Pelvic diaphragm crus of left, 342f right, 340f, 342f, 369f, 371f, 375f inferior surface of, 320f Diaphragmatic pleura, 234f Diarthrosis, Dorsal vein, 443f Dorsum sellae, 12, 12f, 94f Duodenum, 321, 345f, 347f, 352f, 354f, 355f, 361f, 363f, 364f Dural sac, 148f, 150f, 152f, 156f, 158f, 164f edge of, 136f, 144f Dural sinuses, 19 Dural veins, 19 Dura mater, 15f, 18, 19f, 20f, 21 E Elbow, 538–547 anatomic overview of, 538–541 musculature of, 539 skeleton, 538 case studies, 596, 596f coronal view of, 539f MRI of axial, 540, 540f–541f coronal, 542, 542f–543f sagittal, 544, 544f–548f sagittal view of, 539f Ellipsoid, Emergency Medical Information (EMI), 4f Enarthrosis, Enclosing structures of abdomen, 319–320 of chest, 234–235 axial section through, 234f coronal section through, 234f of head, 18 Epicondylar muscle, 539f Epicondyles lateral, 538, 538f, 540f, 542f, 545f, 548f extensor digitorum muscle and, 546 medial, 538, 538f, 540f, 542f, 548f flexor digitorum superficialis muscle and, 546 Epidural fat, 157f, 159f, 161f, 163f, 165f Epidural space, 148f, 158f, 160f, 162f Epigastric arteries, superficial, 393, 425f, 439f Epiglottic cartilage, 177f Epiglottis, 175, 178f, 179f, 180f, 182f, 184f, 189f, 193f, 197f, 201f, 204f, 206f, 208f Epiphyseal growth plate, 545f, 548f Esophageal hiatus, 320 Esophagus, 176, 179f, 182f, 184f, 186f, 189f, 191f, 203f, 205f, 207f, 211f, 215f, 216f, 218f, 219f, 220f, 222f, 223f, 234f, 238, 242f, 246f, 260f, 266f, 269f, 270f, 271f, 272f, 273f, 274f, 276f, 278f, 284f, 287f, 292f, 293f, 294f, 295f, 296f, 297f, 298f, 304f, 306f, 334f, 338f Ethmoid air cells, 10f, 191f Ethmoid bone, 9, 90f Ethmoid sinus, 38f, 75f, 76f, 77f, 79f, 81f, 95f, 97f http://medical.dentalebooks.com/ Madden_3e_Index.qxd:Layout 8/4/12 12:31 AM Page 623 Index F Facial artery, 181f, 241f Facial nerve, 14 Facial vein, 180f Falx cerebelli, 19, 21f, 96f Falx cerebri, 9, 19, 21f, 42f, 43f, 44f–45f, 48f, 49f, 62f, 67f, 96f, 101f, 106f, 108f, 109f, 110f, 112f, 113f, 114f, 115f, 116f, 117f FDG See Fludeoxyglucose Femoral arteries, 392, 485f descending branches of, 393, 421f left, 409f, 411f, 417f, 421f, 430f, 432f, 436f, 440f, 478f, 480f, 505f, 507f, 509f, 515f, 519f right, 409f, 411f, 417f, 425f, 434f, 438f, 476f, 482f, 515f descending branches of, 425f Femoral sheath, 488f Femoral veins, 393 left, 430f, 432f, 436f, 440f, 478f, 480f, 505f, 507f, 509f, 515f, 517f, 519f right, 434f, 438f, 476f, 482f Femoral vessels left, 442f, 492f, 494f right, 484f, 486f, 490f Femoropatellar joint, 572f Femur(s), 568f, 570f, 571f body of, 558f comminuted fracture of, CT of, 569f head of, 399f, 426f, 428f, 430f, 432f, 487f, 502f, 560f, 562f right, 478f, 480f, 506f, 509f hip and, 558 knee and, 565 left, 440f neck of, 482f neck of, 436f, 438f, 506f posterior head of, 510f, 514f right, 486f head of, 423f, 474f, 476f, 500f neck of, 484f, 517f shaft of, 488f, 490f, 492f, 494f, 519f shaft of, 442f, 504f, 569f surfaces of, 392f Fetal face, three-dimensional image of, 477f Fibrous capsule, 539f Fibula, 565 head of, 565f, 572f Fissures horizontal, 235, 235f, 236f oblique, 235, 235f, 236f, 237f, 307f, 309f orbital, 12f, 13 parieto-occipital, 16f Sylvian, 14, 16f, 30f, 41f, 44f, 54f, 55f, 58f, 59f, 94f Flexor digiti minimi brevis muscle, 551f Flexor digitorum longus muscle, 584, 584f Flexor digitorum profundus muscle, 551, 551f Flexor digitorum profundus tendons, 551f Flexor digitorum superficialis muscle, 550, 551f Flexor digitorum superficialis tendons, 556f Flexor digitorum tendons, 551f Flexor hallucis longus muscle, 579f, 584, 584f Flexor retinaculum, 547f, 584f Fludeoxyglucose (FDG), Foramen lacerum, 12f, 13f, 86f Foramen of Luschka, 24f Foramen of Magendie, 25f Foramen of Monro, 23, 24f Foramen ovale, 12f, 86f Foramen rotundum, 12f Foramen spinosum, 12f Foramina, 13 See also specific foramen Fornix of brain, 15, 16f, 19f, 59f, 65f, 100f, 103f vaginal, 397 posterior, 486f, 515f Fovea, 538, 539f, 546f, 547f Fovea capitis femoris, 558, 558f, 560f left, 506f right, 504f Frontal bone, 10, 11f, 76f, 77f, 82f, 83f, 111f, 113f, 114f, 115f, 116f Frontal lobe, 14, 16f, 41f, 44f–45f, 66f, 70f, 73f, 74f, 75f, 77f, 79f, 81f, 108f, 109f, 111f, 113f, 114f white matter of, 72f Frontal plane, 4f Frontal sinus, 10f, 38f, 40f, 80f, 82f, 83f, 90f, 101f, 105f Fundus of stomach, 304f, 306f, 334f, 337f, 338f, 341f, 343f, 365f of uterus, 447f, 449f, 451f, 453f, 457f, 463f, 474f, 483f, 485f, 503f, 505f, 508f, 510f https://kat.cr/user/Blink99/ G Gallbladder, 325, 339f, 343f, 344f, 345f, 347f, 349f, 351f, 355f ultrasound of, 384, 384f Gallbladder carcinoma, ultrasound of, 385, 385f Gastrocnemius muscle, 567, 568f lateral head of, 570f Gastroesophageal junction, 308f, 340f Gemellus muscle inferior, 559f superior, 559, 559f, 560f, 562f Genioglossus muscle, 178–180, 179f, 182f, 188f, 189f, 191f, 192f, 193f, 194f, 195f, 199f, 207f, 215f Geniohyoid muscle, 179f, 180, 189f, 191f, 193f, 195f, 198f, 199f, 207f Genu, 15 Ginglymus, Glenohumeral joint, 530f, 532f Glenoid fossa, 528 articular cartilage in, 536f Glenoid labrum, 529, 535f inferior, 536f superior, 530f, 536f Glenoid process, of scapula, 233f, 262f, 528, 530f, 532f, 534f, 536f Globus pallidus, 17, 19f, 20f, 66f, 102f Glossoepiglottic fold, median, 195f, 206f Glossopharyngeal nerve, 14 Glottic space, 176, 178f, 180f, 184f, 193f, 214f Gluteal arteries, 392 inferior, 435f superior, 435f Gluteal region, 558 Gluteal veins, 393 Gluteal vessels inferior, 495f superior, 495f Gluteus maximus muscle, 558–559, 560f, 562f Gluteus medius muscle, 559f Goiter, ultrasound of, 227, 227f Gracilis muscle, 559f Greater horn, 177f Greater tubercle See Tubercle Greater wings, of sphenoid bone, 12, 12f, 86f Grey matter, 115f H Hamate, 549f, 550, 553f, 556f, 557f Hamulus, 550, 553f, 556f Head anatomic overview of, 9–25 arteries in, 21–23 brain in, 14–18 cranial nerves in, 14 http://medical.dentalebooks.com/ INDEX Extensor carpi radialis brevis muscle, 550f Extensor carpi radialis longus muscle, 550f, 551 Extensor carpi ulnaris muscle, 550f, 551 Extensor digiti minimi muscle, 550f, 551 Extensor digitorum muscle, 550f, 551, 585f Extensor hallucis longus muscle, 584, 584f, 585f Extensor indicis muscle, 551 Extensor pollicis brevis muscle, 550f Extensor pollicis longus muscle, 550f, 551 Extensor retinaculum, 550f inferior, 584f, 585f superior, 584f, 585f Extensor tendon, 550f, 556f common, 547 External capsule, 17, 19f Extreme capsule, 17, 19f, 20f 623 Madden_3e_Index.qxd:Layout 8/4/12 12:31 AM Page 624 624 Introduction to Sectional Anatomy Head (continued) dural sinuses, 19 dural veins, 19 enclosing structures in, 18 foramina of, 13 skeleton, 9–13 ventricles and cisterns in, 23–24 arteries in, 181f CTA with MIP of, 35f axial slices through, 2f case studies cerebrovascular disease and MRA of, 119, 119f hydranencephaly and CT of, 122, 122f hydranencephaly and ultrasound of, 121, 121f hydrocephalus and ultrasound of, 120, 120f meningioma and CTA of, 118, 118f squamous cell carcinoma and PET/CT of, 123, 123f CT of axial, 86f–117f coronal, 76f–85f MRI of coronal, 42f–75f sagittal, 2f, 26f–41f veins in, 181f Heart, 238, 312, 335f blood flow in, 238f CTA of, 312, 312f great vessels and, 240f topography of, 239f ventricles of left, 238, 238f, 239f, 256f, 258f, 263f, 267f, 269f, 271f, 275f, 277f, 279f, 281f, 283f, 285f, 287f, 293f, 296f, 297f, 298f, 301f, 304f, 312f, 334f right, 238, 238f, 239f, 252f, 254f, 256f, 258f, 263f, 275f, 277f, 279f, 281f, 283f, 285f, 287f, 293f, 294f, 296f, 298f, 302f, 304f, 312f, 334f Heel bone, 583 Hemiazygos vein, 241, 243f, 300f, 304f, 308f, 338f, 340f, 342f, 360f accessory, 243, 243f, 309f Hemidiaphragm, left, 275f, 277f, 283f, 285f, 305f, 309f Hepatic artery(ies), 348f, 361f common, 365f proper, 344f Hepatic duct, 345f, 349f Hepatic flexure, of colon, 337f, 339f, 353f, 354f, 358f, 365f, 375f Hepatic vein(s), 332, 433f Herniated disk, 136f, 144f Hilar region, 244f Hilum, 236 Hip, 558–564 anatomic overview of, 558–559 coronal view of, 558f CT (axial) of, 560, 560f–564f musculature of, 558–559, 559f skeleton, 558 Hippocampal formation, 14, 44f, 54f, 57f, 59f, 62f, 63f, 95f, 98f, 99f Hook See Coracoid process Horizontal fissure, 235, 235f, 236f Horizontal lamina, 11f, 13f Hounsfield scale, 3, 4f, Humerus, 233, 233f, 530f, 539f, 540f, 542f, 547f distal extremity of, 538f elbow and, 538 head of, 233f, 262f, 532f, 534f, 535f, 536f shaft of, 544f, 548f shoulder and, 527 surgical neck of, 532f Hyaline, 528–529 Hydranencephaly CT of, 122, 122f ultrasound of, 121, 121f Hydrocephalus, ultrasound of, 120, 120f Hyoid bone, 175, 177f, 178f, 179f, 182f, 191f, 193f, 197f, 201f, 205f, 206f, 208f, 209f, 211f, 213f, 219f Hyoid cartilage, 201f Hypoglossal canal, 12f, 13, 86f Hypoglossal nerve, 14 Hypothalamus, 16f, 17, 65f, 96f, 99f I Ileum, 321, 339f, 343f, 351f, 353f, 359f, 372f, 375f, 376f, 445f, 446f, 450f, 451f, 457f, 461f, 467f, 501f, 503f, 505f loops of, 466f, 468f right, 466f Iliac artery(ies) anterior view of, 399f, 409f common, 328, 335f, 337f, 367f, 409f, 435f, 445f, 451f, 457f, 459f bifurcation of, 377f left, 369f, 371f, 400f, 406f, 407f, 409f, 425f, 444f, 448f right, 365f, 369f, 399f, 406f, 431f, 444f, 502f external, 335f, 337f, 392, 425f, 459f, 461f, 471f left, 409f, 420f, 425f, 454f, 456f, 498f, 502f right, 399f, 403f, 407f, 409f, 416f, 421f, 452f, 456f, 497f, 499f, 500f, 501f internal, 335f, 337f, 392, 429f, 435f, 439f, 463f left, 403f, 407f, 454f, 456f, 497f, 499f, 505f, 514f right, 399f, 409f, 416f, 452f, 456f, 506f, 510f oblique view of, 403f Iliac bone, 422f Iliac crest, 376f, 561f left, 400f, 444f right, 446f Iliac spine anterior inferior, 389, 407f anterior superior, 407f, 415f, 559f Iliacus muscles, 394, 410f, 485f, 487f, 489f, 497f, 498f left, 416f, 450f, 458f, 499f, 501f, 504f right, 410f, 412f, 450f, 462f, 498f, 502f Iliac vein(s) common, 333, 445f, 451f, 457f, 461f left, 377f, 406f, 408f, 444f, 448f, 454f, 456f, 460f right, 365f, 371f, 406f, 444f, 448f, 454f external, 393–394, 473f left, 420f, 498f right, 416f, 456f, 497f, 499f, 500f, 501f, 502f internal, 393 left, 497f, 499f, 505f, 514f right, 416f, 456f, 506f, 510f Iliac vessels, internal, 471f branches of, 471f left, 422f right, 365f Iliopsoas muscle, 558, 559f, 560f, 562f right, 466f Iliotibial tract, 559f Ilium, 133f, 158f, 160f, 162f, 165f, 389, 399f, 402f, 403f–404f, 431f, 448f, 452f, 475f, 483f, 485f, 499f, 501f, 503f, 504f, 558, 558f left, 408f, 496f, 502f right, 412f, 418f, 426f, 458f, 460f, 468f, 470f, 474f, 497f, 498f, 501f, 516f, 518f Inferior horn, 177f Infraglottic cavity, 178f Infraglottic space, 176, 216f Infrapatellar fat pad, 567, 570f, 572f Infraspinatus muscle, 529, 529f, 535f Infundibulum, 16f, 17, 94f Innominate artery, 185f Insula, 17–18, 19f, 32f, 34f, 41f, 58f, 63f, 105f Intercondylar eminence, 570f, 571f Intercostal vein, 243f Intermediate mass, 15, 40f Internal capsule, 17, 19f, 20f, 36f, 44f, 64f, 70f, 102f Internal occipital protuberance, 12f Interosseous membrane, 547, 566f Interpeduncular cistern, 25f, 61f, 65f, 97f, 99f internal, 69f http://medical.dentalebooks.com/ Madden_3e_Index.qxd:Layout 8/4/12 12:31 AM Page 625 Interphalangeal joint, distal, 550f Interventricular foramen, 23, 23f Interventricular septum, 294f, 296f, 298f, 300f, 302f Intervertebral discs, 129, 132f, 133f, 134f, 135f, 137f, 145f, 147f, 153f, 155f, 157f, 161f, 370f, 376f, 408f herniated, 136f, 144f ruptured, 142f Intervertebral foramen, 128, 135f, 137f, 139f, 150f, 152f, 153f, 156f, 158f, 161f, 200f Intervertebral joint, 128–129, 139f Ischial ramus left, 486f right, 440f, 488f, 490f Ischial spine, 390f, 407f, 477f Ischial tuberosity, 403f–404f, 473f, 475f, 477f left, 436f right, 438f, 484f, 486f, 488f, 490f, 495f, 516f, 518f, 519f Ischiopubic ramus, 461f Ischiorectal fossae, 392, 402f, 457f, 459f, 461f, 463f, 465f, 467f, 469f left, 482f, 484f, 486f, 488f, 490f, 514f, 518f right, 432f, 434f, 438f, 495f, 516f, 519f Ischium, 391, 399f, 402f, 427f, 465f, 469f, 477f, 558, 562f left, 509f right, 432f, 434f, 480f, 482f, 492f J Jejunum, 321, 343f, 351f Joints, 527–601 See also specific joints ankle, 583–599 classification of, elbow, 538–547 hip, 558–564 knee, 565–582 shoulder, 527–537 wrist, 545–557 Jugular foramen, 12f, 13 Jugular fossa, 13f Jugular vein(s) external, 22f, 180f, 181f, 199f, 201f, 203f, 242f left, 204f, 208f, 210f, 212f, 214f, 216f, 218f, 220f right, 206f, 222f internal, 21f, 22f, 178, 180f, 181f, 186f, 201f, 203f, 205f, 207f, 239f, 241, 242f left, 204f, 206f, 208f, 210f, 212f, 216f, 218f, 222f, 240f, 264f right, 190f, 192f, 194f, 196f, 198f, 200f, 202f, 214f, 220f, 240f, 260f, 262f, 264f K Kidney(s), 151f, 326, 339f, 343f, 351f, 361f, 363f adrenal gland and, 327f contents of, 327f left, 348f, 373f ultrasound of, 6f upper pole of, 344f, 346f lower pole of, 364f right, 358f, 381f upper pole of, 344f, 346f Knee, 565–582 anatomic overview of, 565–567 musculature of, 566–567 skeleton, 565–566 anterior view of, 566f axial view of, 567f ligaments of, 566 MRI of coronal, 573f–576f, 574, 578f, 580f sagittal, 568, 568f–572f, 577f, 579f, 581f, 582f posterior view of, 565f L Labia, opening between, 494f Labium major, 489f, 491f left, 491f Labium majora, 397, 492f, 494f left, 500f, 502f, 506f, 510f right, 508f Labrum, 561f Lacerum foramen, 13 Lacrimal bone, 10, 11f, 39f Lamina, 196f, 231, 232f, 292f left, 406f Large intestine, 321–324 Laryngeal pharynx, 176, 179f, 203f, 204f, 206f Laryngeal prominence, 177f Laryngeal vestibule, 176, 178f, 182f, 208f, 210f, 212f, 214f Larynx, 175, 189f, 193f, 195f, 197f, 199f anterior, 177f carcinoma of, PET/CT of, 229, 229f coronal section of, 178f left anterolateral aspect of, 177f left lateral aspect of, 177f median section of, 178f posterior, 177f superior aspect of, 180f Lateral recess, 23, 24f Lateral supracondylar ridge, 538f Legg-Calve-Perthes disease, 598, 598f Lenticular nuclei, 17, 19f, 36f, 44f, 64f, 70f Lesser horn, 177f Lesser multangular bone, 550 Lesser trochanter See Trochanter https://kat.cr/user/Blink99/ 625 Lesser wings, of sphenoid bone, 12, 12f Levator ani, 394 Ligamentum capitis femoris, 558, 558f Ligamentum flavum, 151f, 155f, 157f, 159f, 161f Ligamentum teres fossa, 342f Lingular bronchus, 237f Liver, 246f, 258f, 275f, 279f, 302f, 304f, 306f, 308f, 324–325, 338f, 339f, 343f, 351f, 352f, 355f, 360f, 363f, 369f, 379f lobes of caudate, 325, 342f, 344f left, 325, 340f, 341f, 342f, 345f, 349f quadrate, 325, 344f, 361f, 363f right, 325, 340f, 341f, 345f visceral surface of, 324f Longitudinal ligament anterior, 129, 138f, 140f, 142f, 144f posterior, 129, 138f, 142f, 144f, 159f Longus colli muscle, 186f Lumbar vertebrae, 125, 319 L1 iliopsoas and, 558 inferior articular process of, 137f lamina, 143f nerve roots of, 134f, 146f pedicle of, 135f, 139f, 143f, 145f, 146f spinous canal at, 147f spinous process of, 140f, 145f, 147f vertebral body of, 132f, 133f, 139f L2, 150f iliopsoas and, 558 inferior articular process of, 145f, 147f, 154f, 155f, 156f inferior endplate of, 152f lamina of, 139f, 148f, 150f, 154f nerve roots of, 134f, 146f, 152f pedicle of, 133f, 134f, 135f, 137f, 139f, 148f spinal canal of, 147f spinous process of, 148f, 152f, 153f, 154f, 155f, 156f superior articular process of, 135f, 137f, 155f transverse process of, 147f vertebral body of, 132f, 133f, 151f L3, 146f body of, 368f iliopsoas and, 558 inferior articular process of, 157f lamina of, 143f, 145f nerve roots of, 132f, 133f, 134f osteophyte of, 135f pedicle of, 133f, 134f spinal canal at, 137f, 139f spinous process of, 135f, 139f, 143f superior articular process of, 145f, 154f, 156f superior endplate, 143f http://medical.dentalebooks.com/ INDEX Index Madden_3e_Index.qxd:Layout 8/4/12 12:31 AM Page 626 626 Introduction to Sectional Anatomy Lumbar vertebrae (continued) transverse process of, 143f, 145f vertebral body of, 132f, 133f L4, 146f iliopsoas and, 558 inferior articular process of, 161f lamina of, 147f nerve roots of, 132f, 161f osteophyte of, 135f, 137f, 139f, 143f pedicle of, 133f superior articular process of, 139f, 147f, 157f superior endplate of, 137f, 159f vertebral body of, 132f, 133f, 159f L5, 146f, 408f iliopsoas and, 558 inferior articular process of, 158f, 160f inferior endplate of, 137f, 158f lamina of, 160f, 444f nerve roots of, 132f, 158f, 160f pedicle of, 132f, 444f spinal cord at, 143f spinous process of, 160f, 444f superior articular process, 161f transverse process of, 137f, 139f, 158f vertebral body of, 132f, 133f, 135f, 145f, 399f, 400f, 406f lateral view of, 127f Lumbricales, 547f Lunate, 545, 545f, 551f, 557f Lunate surface, of acetabulum, 558, 558f, 560f, 562f Lung(s) anterior view of, 235f carcinoma of, 317, 317f left, 234f, 235f, 236, 237f, 302f, 306f, 334f, 338f lower lobe, 275f, 277f, 281f upper lobe, 258f, 264f, 277f, 281f lower lobe, 235f, 236f, 237f, 309f, 311f middle lobe, 236f right, 234f, 235, 235f, 242f, 298f, 308f, 334f lobes of, 236f lower lobe, 244f, 275f, 277f, 281f middle lobe, 281f upper lobe, 244f, 246f, 264f, 277f, 281f upper lobe, 235f, 236f, 237f, 309f, 311f M Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) of carotid arteries, 183f of cerebrovascular disease head, 119, 119f neck, 225, 225f of renal arterial blood flow, 382, 382f of renal transplant, 383, 383f Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), 1, 3–5 of ankle axial, 590, 590f–595f sagittal, 586, 586f–589f of axial plane, 6f of breast carcinoma axial, 253f MIP and, 257f, 259f sagittal, 249f of breasts, sagittal, 245f of chest, sagittal, 244, 244f–259f of elbow axial, 540, 540f–541f coronal, 542, 542f–543f sagittal, 544, 544f–548f of head coronal, 42f–75f sagittal, 2f, 26f–41f of knee coronal, 573f–576f, 574, 578f, 580f sagittal, 568, 568f–572f, 577f, 579f, 581f, 582f of neck, sagittal, 182, 182f–187f of shoulder, 530 coronal, 530f–537f of spine back pain and, 170, 170f car accidents and, 169, 169f sagittal, 132f–147f T1-weighted images, 4, 5f, 6f T2-weighted images, 4, 5f, 6f Magnum bone, 550 Magnum foramen, 13 Mammillary body, 16f Mandible, 11f, 39f, 76f, 78f, 191f, 193f, 211f body of, 196f, 198f, 200f, 202f condyles of, 10, 11f, 86f, 87f ramus of, 188f Mandibular fossa, 13f Manubrium, 232f, 233, 272f, 274f, 275f, 276f, 277f, 278f, 279f, 283f, 285f, 295f, 299f Marrow edema, 571f Mastoid air cells, 28f, 30f, 88f, 92f, 94f, 188f Mastoid process, 11f, 13f Mastoid sinuses, 12–13, 91f Maxilla, of sinuses, 10, 11f, 39f, 84f Maxillary bone, 11f, 13f Maxillary sinus, 32f, 34f, 36f, 75f, 76f, 77f, 79f, 80f, 81f, 82f, 83f, 87f, 89f, 93f Maximum intensity projection (MIP) of breast carcinoma, with MRI, 257f, 259f of pelvis, with CT, 415f, 417f, 419f, 421f, 423f, 425f, 427f, 429f Meatus, 10f, 26f, 87f, 88f external, 11f, 12 Median plane, 3, 4f Mediastinal pleura, 234, 234f, 280f Mediastinum, 283f Medulla oblongata, 15f, 16f, 17, 40f, 44f, 50f, 52f, 54f, 56f, 57f, 59f, 86f, 87f, 89f, 184f, 188f Melanoma, PET/CT of, 228, 228f Meningioma, CTA of, 118, 118f Meniscus ligament lateral, 565f, 566, 566f, 571f anterior horn of, 572f posterior horn of, 572f medial, 565f, 566, 566f, 571f Mesenteric arteries inferior, 328, 349f, 368f, 370f, 403f, 417f superior, 327–328, 329f, 335f, 337f, 347f, 354f, 356f, 358f, 361f, 365f, 367f, 369f, 377f, 399f, 403f, 431f branches of, 357f, 435f Mesenteric veins inferior, 332 superior, 332, 345f, 347f, 356f, 357f, 358f Mesenteric vessels, 360f, 364f, 367f, 368f superior, 362f Mesentery, 320 loops of, 496f, 498f Metacarpals, 546 fifth, 557f third, 551f Metatarsals, 579f, 584 Midbrain, 17, 62f, 96f Midsagittal plane, MIP See Maximum intensity projection MRA See Magnetic resonance angiography MRI See Magnetic resonance imaging N Nasal bone, 10, 11f Nasal cavity, posterior coronal view of, 10f Nasopharynx, 69f, 70f, 71f, 72f, 87f, 176, 179f, 184f, 197f Navicular, 579f, 584 Neck, 173–230 See also Cervical vertebrae anatomic overview of, 173–181 arteries in, 176–178, 181f cartilage/other structures in, 175–176 major vessels in, 180f muscles in, 178–181 skeletal parts in, 173–175 veins in, 178, 181f viscera in, 176 case studies, 224–229 atherosclerotic disease and CTA of, 224, 224f cerebrovascular disease and MRA of, 225, 225f cyst and ultrasound of, 226, 226f goiter and ultrasound of, 227, 227f larynx carcinoma and PET/CT of, 229, 229f melanoma and PET/CT of, 228, 228f CT (axial) of, 188f–223f MRI (sagittal) of, 182, 182f–187f Nerves See specific nerves Nerve root(s), 129–131, 151f of L1, 134f, 146f of L2, 134f, 146f, 152f http://medical.dentalebooks.com/ Madden_3e_Index.qxd:Layout 8/4/12 12:31 AM Page 627 of L3, 132f, 133f, 134f of L4, 132f, 161f of L5, 132f, 158f, 160f of S1, 162f of S2, 162f of S3, 162f of S4, 162f of S5, 162f sacral, 163f, 165f spinal cord and, 130f Neurovascular bundle, 186f Nucleus pulposus, 136f, 140f, 142f, 144f, 154f, 155f, 156f, 160f O Oblique fissure, 235, 235f, 236f, 237f, 307f, 309f Obturator foramen, 390f, 391, 403f–404f, 463f left, 436f, 484f right, 438f, 486f Obturator internus muscle, 559, 559f, 560f, 562f Occipital bone, 11f, 13, 48f, 89f, 101f, 192f, 194f Occipital lobe, 14, 16f, 34f, 41f, 42f, 47f, 93f white matter in, 46f Occipital sinus, 22f sulcus for, 12f Oculomotor nerve, 14 Olecranon bursa, 541f Olecranon fossa, 538, 538f, 541f, 542f, 544f, 545f, 548f Olecranon process, 538, 539f, 540f, 543f, 544f, 545f, 548f Olfactory nerve, 14 Ophthalmic artery, 75f Opponens digiti minimi muscle, 551f Opponens pollicis muscle, 551, 553f, 556f, Optic canal, 12f Optic chiasm, 16f, 68f Optic foramen, 13 Optic nerve, 14, 34f, 74f, 75f, 77f, 79f, 101f Orbit, 10f See also Bony orbit Orbital fissure, superior, 12f, 13 Orbital plate, of frontal bone, 10, 10f, 76f Oropharynx, 176, 179f, 184f, 189f, 190f, 193f, 194f, 195f, 196f, 197f, 198f, 199f, 200f, 202f, 207f Osteophyte, 164f Ovale, foramen, 13 Ovaries, 398 left, 489f right, 489f Oviducts, 398 left, 485f, 487f P Palatine process, 10, 11f, 13f, 76f, 78f Palmaris brevis, 539f Palmaris longus, 539f Pancreas, 325–326 body of, 346f, 352f, 373f head of, 347f, 357f, 359f, 361f, 367f, 369f, 371f, 375f posterior view of, 326f tail of, 348f Pancreatic duct, 345f Parenchymal layer, 245f Parietal bone, 10, 11f, 49f, 108f, 110f, 111f, 113f, 114f, 115f, 116f, 117f Parietal lobe, 14, 16f, 43f, 54f, 65f, 108f, 109f, 111f, 113f, 114f Parietal pericardium, 234f Parietal pleura, 234f, 242f Parieto-occipital fissure, 16f Parochial artery, 539f Parotid gland, 188f, 190f, 194f, 196f, 198f Patella, 565, 566f, 572f medial, 570f Patellar ligament, 566, 566f, 572f Pectineus muscle, 559, 559f, 560f, 562f Pectoralis muscle, 245f, 249f, 253f, 255f Pedicle(s), 151f, 159f, 231, 232f, 292f Pedunculi, 14 Pelvic diaphragm, 394, 459f, 461f, 463f, 478f, 480f, 482f, 484f, 486f, 488f, 490f, 507f, 509f, 514f, 515f, 519f left, 430f, 432f, 434f, 436f, 504f muscles of, 395f right, 438f ultrasound (transverse) of, 435f Pelvic girdle, 389–391 lateral view of, 391f Pelvis, 389–526 anatomic overview of, 389–398 arteries in, 392–393 female urogenital system, 396–398 male urogenital system, 396, 396f muscles in, 394, 395f skeletal parts in, 389–392 veins in, 393–394 viscera in, 392 arteries of, 393f case studies, 520f–525f, 597–598, 597f, 598f abdominal aortic aneurysm and CT of, 521, 521f aortobilateral iliac endografting and CT of, 520, 520f prostate and ultrasound of, 522, 522f stomach carcinoma and PET/CT of, 524, 524f testicles and ultrasound of, 523, 523f CT (axial) of female and, 444, 444f–494f male and, 398, 400f–443f CT with MIP of, 415f, 417f, 421f, 423f, 425f, 427f, 429f https://kat.cr/user/Blink99/ 627 female CT (axial) of, 444, 444f–494f CT (sagittal) of, 397f urogenital system, 396–398 male CT (axial) of, 398, 400f–443f urogenital system, 396, 396f posterior, muscles of, 395f veins of, 394f Penis, ultrasound of, 443f Pericardial cavity, 242f Pericardium, 235, 277f, 279f Peritoneum, 320 Peroneal retinaculum, superior, 585f Peroneus brevis muscle, 584, 585f Peroneus longus muscle, 584, 585f Perpendicular plate, 9, 11f, 80f, 82f, 84f PET/CT See Positron emission tomography/ computed tomography Petrous portion, of temporal bone, 12, 12f Phalanges, 547 Phalanx, 579f Pharyngeal orifice, 11f Pharynx, 176, 179f, 180f Phrenic nerve, 242f Pia mater, 15f, 18 Pineal body, 15, 16f, 100f Pineal gland, 20f, 56f Piriformis muscle, 559f Piriform sinus, 179f, 180f, 203f, 205f, 207f, 210f, 212f, 214f Pisiform, 545, 545f Pituitary, 16f, 17, 40f, 68f Planes, of body, 3, 4f Pleura, 235 Pleural cavity, 234f, 235, 242f, 254f Pleural reflection, 235f, 236f, 237f Pons, 16f, 17, 20f, 38f, 41f, 44f, 54f, 56f, 57f, 58f, 59f, 60f, 61f, 62f, 90f, 91f, 93f, 94f, 95f, 184f Pontine cistern, 25f, 61f Popliteal arteries, 393, 425f Popliteus muscle, 565f, 566, 568f Portal vein, 332, 342f, 344f, 346f, 348f, 349f, 350f, 352f, 354f, 355f, 361f, 365f, 367f, 369f, 375f Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT), 5, 7f of breast carcinoma, 316, 316f, 525, 525f case studies, 600–601, 600f, 601f of colorectal carcinoma, 387, 387f of larynx carcinoma, 229, 229f of lung carcinoma, 317, 317f of melanoma, 228, 228f of squamous cell carcinoma, 123, 123f of stomach carcinoma, 386, 386f, 524, 524f Profundus tendon, 553f Pronator teres, 539f Prostate, 396, 433f, 436f, 438f ultrasound of, 437f http://medical.dentalebooks.com/ INDEX Index Madden_3e_Index.qxd:Layout 8/4/12 12:31 AM Page 628 628 Introduction to Sectional Anatomy Psoas muscle, 343f, 351f, 361f, 363f, 367f, 373f, 467f, 471f, 473f, 489f, 497f left, 368f, 372f, 376f, 398f, 408f, 416f, 450f, 458f, 464f, 501f, 504f right, 410f, 412f, 448f, 462f, 498f, 499f, 502f uterus and ultrasound (transverse) of, 481f Pubic bones, 558, 562f articular cartilage in, 391, 436f Pubic ramus inferior, 467f, 469f left, 438f right, 486f, 488f superior, 467f, 469f Pubic symphysis, 390f, 403f–404f, 415f, 445f, 560f Pubis, 391, 399f, 402f, 427f, 445f, 453f, 457f, 465f, 467f, 473f, 475f, 483f left, 436f, 500f, 502f, 509f right, 432f, 434f, 480f, 482f, 484f, 496f, 498f Pudendal arteries, internal, 392, 407f, 435f, 439f right, 411f Pulmonary artery(ies), 239f, 240, 242f branch of, 301f descending branch of, 286f left, 238f, 240f, 267f, 269f, 271f, 282f lower, 267f, 269f oblique, 269f, 271f, 273f upper, 267f right, 238f, 246f, 250f, 252f, 254f, 256f, 267f, 269f, 271f, 273f, 281f, 283f, 284f, 285f, 287f, 295f lower, 267f oblique, 267f, 269f, 271f, 273f upper, 279f, 281f Pulmonary trunk, 240f, 258f, 267f, 269f, 271f, 273f, 283f, 284f, 285f, 286f, 287f, 293f Pulmonary vein(s), 279f left, 238f, 295f, 297f inferior, 292f lower, 267f, 269f superior, 284f, 286f upper, 271f right, 238f, 267f, 269f, 271f, 281f, 283f, 295f lower, 267f, 303f superior, 286f Putamen, 17, 18f, 19f, 20f, 66f, 67f Q Quadrangular space, 529f Quadriceps femoris muscle, 566f, 568f, 572f Quadriceps muscle, 566 Quadrigeminal plate, 16f, 17, 41f, 56f, 57f, 95f, 99f superior articular process of, 158f, 160f superior endplate of, 162f upper, 514f vertebral body of, 132f, 133f, 135f, 145f, 163f, 165f R Radial fossa, 538f, 545f Radial notch, 539f Radial tuberosity, 538, 539f, 546f, 547f Radius, 538, 557f distal, 551f head of, 542f, 543f, 546f, 547f neck of, 546f proximal posterior extremity of, 539f Rectal arteries, 392, 403f, 407f Rectal wall, 493f Rectouterine pouch, 397 Rectum, 369f, 371f, 375f, 392, 422f, 424f, 426f, 430f, 434f, 436f, 438f, 445f, 447f, 449f, 451f, 453f, 457f, 464f, 478f, 480f, 482f, 484f, 486f, 488f, 493f, 507f, 509f, 514f, 515f, 518f Rectus femoris muscle, 559, 559f, 560f, 562f Red nucleus, 17, 60f Renal arteries, 328, 329f blood flow and, 382–383, 382f left, 337f, 358f, 403f right, 358f, 371f, 375f, 379f Renal pelvis, 326, 360f Renal transplant, MRA of, 383, 383f Renal veins, 329f, 332 left, 356f, 358f, 369f, 371f, 377f, 379f right, 371f Retromandibular vein, 178, 181f left, 196f, 202f right, 192f, 194f, 198f, 200f Retroperitoneal artery, 326 Retroperitoneal space, 320–326 Rib(s), 189f, 233–234, 242f, 245f, 264f, 277f false, 234 first, 221f, 223f, 260f, 262f, 301f, 303f, 305f, 307f, 311f floating, 233f second, 262f Root ganglion (posterior), 153f, 157f, 161f Rotundum foramen, 13 Ruptured disk, 142f S Saccule, 178f Sacral canal, 410f, 412f, 452f, 460f Sacral foramen, 460f left, 412f, 414f Sacral hiatus, 128f Sacral promontory, 133f Sacral vertebrae S1, 146f, 408f, 410f, 448f, 450f, 516f inferior endplate of, 165f lamina of, 164f lateral part of, 135f, 137f, 160f, 162f nerve root of, 158f, 160f, 162f, 164f S2 nerve roots of, 162f, 164f superior endplate of, 165f vertebral body of, 163f, 165f S3, 140f nerve roots of, 162f S4, 140f nerve roots of, 162f S5, 470f, 472f nerve roots of, 162f Sacroiliac joint, 133f, 137f, 139f, 143f, 147f, 163f, 164f, 165f, 391, 469f, 471f left, 460f, 495f, 497f lower, 464f right, 414f, 452f, 518f Sacrum, 128, 147f, 390f, 391, 399f, 403f–404f, 418f, 429f, 451f, 469f, 497f, 503f, 518f lateral part of, 163f, 165f, 462f posterior view of, 128f tip of, 426f Saddle joint, Sagittal neck, CT of, 191f, 193f, 195f, 197f, 199f, 201f Sagittal plane, 3, 4f Sagittal sinus inferior, 62f, 63f, 66f, 107f superior, 15f, 19, 21f, 46f, 47f, 50f, 51f, 53f, 62f, 66f, 71f, 73f, 95f, 103f, 105f, 107f, 108f, 109f, 110f, 111f, 112f, 113f, 114f, 116f, 117f sulcus for, 12f Sartorius muscle, 559, 559f, 560f, 562f Scaphoid, 545, 557f Scapula, 232f, 233, 266f, 311f, 527–528 body of, 534f coracoid process of, 232f, 264f, 529 glenoid process of, 233f, 262f, 528, 530f, 532f, 534f, 536f Scapular spine, 529f Sciatic notch greater, 407f, 425f, 477f lesser, 407f, 477f Scout image, Scrotum, ultrasound of, 439f longitudinal, 441f Sella turcica, 12 Semicircular canals, 91f Seminal vesicles, 396 left, 432f right, 434f ultrasound (transverse) of, 433f Semitendinosus muscle, 559f Septal cartilage, 11f, 82f, 83f, 84f http://medical.dentalebooks.com/ Madden_3e_Index.qxd:Layout 8/4/12 12:31 AM Page 629 Septum pellucidum, 15, 44f, 63f, 65f, 69f, 70f, 104f, 105f, 107f, 109f Sesamoid bones, 565 Shin bone, 565 Short head of biceps brachii muscle, 233, 529 Shoulder, 527–537 anatomic overview of, 527–529 coronal view of, 528f MRI of, 530 coronal, 530f–537f Sigmoid colon, 353f, 357f, 371f, 392, 420f, 445f, 447f, 449f, 451f, 456f, 473f, 485f, 487f, 493f, 496f, 497f, 499f, 502f, 504f, 506f, 514f, 518f top of, 416f, 418f Sigmoid sinuses, 22f, 88f, 89f, 90f, 188f sulcus for, 12f Sinus(es), cavernous, 21f, 67f, 71f confluence of sinuses, 15f, 19, 21f, 25f, 93f, 98f, 100f dural, 19 ethmoid, 38f, 75f, 76f, 77f, 79f, 81f, 95f, 97f frontal, 10, 10f, 38f, 40f, 80f, 82f, 83f, 90f, 101f, 105f mastoid, 12–13, 91f maxillary, 10, 11f, 32f, 34f, 36f, 75f, 76f, 77f, 79f, 80f, 81f, 82f, 83f, 87f, 89f, 93f occipital, 22f sulcus for, 12f piriform, 179f, 180f, 203f, 205f, 207f, 210f, 212f, 214f sagittal inferior, 62f, 63f, 66f, 107f superior, 12f, 15f, 19, 21f, 46f, 47f, 50f, 51f, 53f, 62f, 66f, 71f, 73f, 95f, 103f, 105f, 107f, 108f, 109f, 110f, 111f, 112f, 113f, 114f, 116f, 117f sigmoid, 22f, 88f, 89f, 90f, 188f sulcus for, 12f sphenoid, 11f, 12, 40f, 68f, 71f, 72f, 73f, 74f, 88f, 90f, 92f, 93f straight, 15f, 19, 21f, 25f, 46f, 47f, 50f, 51f, 52f, 53f, 95f, 100f, 102f, 103f, 104f, 105f transverse, 21f, 22f, 46f, 50f, 51f, 53f, 55f, 89f, 96f sulcus for, 12f venous, 21f Skull lateral image of, 1, 2f, 11f sagittal view of, 11f Skull base inferior view of, 13f superior axial view of, 12f Slice of body, Small bowel, 341f, 343f, 361f, 363f, 365f, 368f, 369f, 376f, 381f, 446f, 510f loops of, 354f, 356f, 360f, 362f, 364f, 366f, 370f, 496f, 498f, 502f, 504f, 506f, 508f Small intestine, 320–321 Soft palate, 179f, 182f, 190f Soleus muscle, 584f, 585f Spermatic cords, 396 left, 438f, 440f, 442f right, 436f ultrasound (longitudinal) of, 437f Sphenoid bone, 9–12, 11f, 86f Sphenoid sinus, 11f, 12, 40f, 68f, 71f, 72f, 73f, 74f, 88f, 90f, 92f, 93f Spinal accessory nerve, 14 Spinal artery, anterior, 22f Spinal canal, 189f, 213f, 217f, 219f, 221f, 495f CSF in, 381f Spinal cord, 15f, 16f, 17, 54f, 59f, 129–131, 138f, 140f, 142f, 143f, 151f, 182f, 184f, 192f, 196f, 200f coverings of, 129–131 nerve roots and, 130f Spinal meninges, 131 Spinal nerve, 153f Spine, 125–172 See also Cervical vertebrae; Coccyx; Lumbar vertebrae; Sacral vertebrae; Sacrum; Thoracic vertebrae; Vertebral column anatomic overview of, 125–131 foramina in, 128 intervertebral joints, 128–129 skeletal parts in, 125–128 spinal cord and coverings in, 129–131 anterior superior, 390f case studies car accidents and CT of, 166, 166f, 167, 167f gunshot wound and CT of, 168, 168f spondylolisthesis in, 171, 171f CT (axial) of, 148f–165f ischial, 390f, 407f, 477f MRI of for back pain, 170f back pain and, 170, 170f car accidents and, 169, 169f sagittal, 132f–147f Spinous process, 153f, 232f, 233f, 278f, 462f Spleen, 306f, 307f, 309f, 326, 334f, 338f, 340f, 342f, 344f, 350f, 354f, 381f celiac trunk and, 328f stomach and, 328f Splenic artery, 347f, 348f, 365f, 431f, 435f, 439f Splenic flexure, of colon, 306f, 308f, 310f, 337f, 342f, 344f, 353f, 355f, 375f https://kat.cr/user/Blink99/ 629 Splenic vein, 332, 346f, 347f, 348f, 350f, 352f, 379f Splenium, 15, 16f, 19f, 40f, 54f, 55f, 104f, 105f Spondylolisthesis, 171 Squamous cell carcinoma, PET/CT of, 123, 123f Sternal angle, 277f Sternocleidomastoid muscle, 180, 186f, 191f, 201f, 203f, 205f Sternohyoid muscle, 186f Sternothyroid muscle, 186f Sternum, 189f, 233, 275f body of, 232f, 283f Stomach, 277f, 279f, 307f, 309f, 320, 345f, 355f body of, 308f, 310f, 340f, 344f, 346f, 348f carcinoma of, 386, 386f, 524, 524f celiac trunk and, 328f fundus of, 304f, 306f, 334f, 337f, 338f, 341f, 343f, 365f parts of, 322f pyloric antrum of, 350f, 352f pyloric part of, 337f, 341f, 343f, 357f, 367f, 369f, 375f spleen and, 328f Stomach carcinoma, PET/CT of, 386, 386f, 524, 524f Straight sinus, 15f, 19, 21f, 25f, 46f, 47f, 50f, 51f, 52f, 53f, 95f, 100f, 102f, 103f, 104f, 105f Stromata, 245f Styloid process, 11f, 13f, 190f Stylomastoid foramen, 13f Subarachnoid space, 15f, 18, 51f, 53f, 55f, 63f, 89f, 107f, 109f, 111f, 113f, 138f, 140f, 142f, 150f, 151f, 152f, 153f, 154f, 155f, 157f, 159f, 161f, 163f, 165f, 182f Subclavian artery(ies), 181f, 209f, 217f, 219f, 221f, 223f, 240, 241f left, 180f, 238f, 239f, 240f, 266f, 268f, 269f, 270f, 271f, 272f, 273f, 274f, 293f, 295f, 297f origin of, 185f right, 180f, 239f, 240f, 266f Subclavian vein(s), 241 left, 180f, 239f, 243f, 262f, 264f right, 180f, 181f, 239f, 240f, 242f Subcutaneous fat, 111f, 245f Submandibular gland, 180f, 189f, 191f, 204f, 206f Submandibular glands, 176 Submental vein, 180f Subscapularis muscle, 530f, 534f deltoid muscle and, 531f Substantia nigra, 17, 20f, 60f Subthalamic nucleus, 20f Sulcus, 28f central, 14, 16f, 109f, 110f, 111f, 112f, 113f http://medical.dentalebooks.com/ INDEX Index Madden_3e_Index.qxd:Layout 8/4/12 12:31 AM Page 630 630 Introduction to Sectional Anatomy Sulcus (continued) CSF in, 47f, 115f, 117f for occipital sinus, 12f for sigmoid sinus, 12f for superior sagittal sinus, 12f for transverse sinus, 12f Superior cistern, 15f, 23, 25f, 51f, 52f, 53f, 55f, 97f, 99f Superior horn, 177f Supracondylar ridge, medial, 538f Supraglenoid tuberosity, 529 Supraspinatus muscle, 529, 529f, 530f, 533f, 534f Sustentaculum tali, 579, 579f Sylvian fissure, 14, 16f, 30f, 41f, 44f, 54f, 55f, 58f, 59f, 94f Symphysis pubis, 3, 391, 399f, 419f, 436f, 451f, 457f, 482f, 483f, 484f, 485f, 486f, 496f, 498f, 517f Synarthrosis, Syndesmosis, Synovial fluid, 529 T T1-weighted images, 4, 5f, 6f T2-weighted images, 4, 6f signal intensity of, 5f Talus, 579, 579f Temporal bone, 11f, 12–13, 12f, 54f Temporal lobe, 14, 16f, 30f, 34f, 54f, 65f, 66f, 70f, 73f, 91f, 92f, 93f, 97f Tensor fascia latae muscle, 559, 560f, 562f Tentorium cerebelli, 19, 21f, 41f, 42f, 48f, 49f, 96f, 100f Teres major muscle, 529, 529f, 532f, 534f Teres minor muscle, 529, 529f Testicles, 425f, 523, 523f ruptured, 441f Testicular vein, 365f Thalamic nuclei, 61f axial view of, 19f coronal view of, 20f Thalamus, 15–17, 16f, 20f, 36f, 38f, 41f, 44f, 56f, 57f, 58f, 60f, 64f, 65f, 66f, 98f, 100f, 101f, 103f lateral view of, 19f Thoracic cage, veins of posterior, 243f Thoracic vertebrae, 125, 182f, 184f, 231 airway structures and, 176f lateral view of, 127f, 232f superior view of, 232f T1, 307f, 309f, 311f lamina of, 223f, 260f pedicle of, 223f, 260f spinous process of, 260f transverse process of, 223f vertebral body of, 219f, 221f T2, 309f T3, spinous process of, 182f T12, 144f, 146f, 309f, 311f vertebral body of, 133f trapezius muscle and, 529 Thorax, transverse section through, 242f Thyroid cartilage, 175, 177f, 179f, 180f, 182f, 184f, 191f, 193f, 195f, 197f, 199f, 201f, 205f, 209f, 212f, 213f, 214f, 216f, 218f, 220f Thyroid gland, 176, 180f, 188f, 219f, 221f, 262f isthmus of, 182f, 184f, 186f Tibia, 565, 565f, 568f, 569f, 570f, 572f marrow edema in, 571f Tibialis anterior muscle, 584, 584f Tibialis anterior tendon, 585f Tibialis posterior muscle, 584, 584f Tibiofibular joints, proximal, 565, 572f Tongue, 179f, 180f, 202f Torus tubarius, 11f Trachea, 176, 177f, 178f, 180f, 182f, 184f, 186f, 189f, 193f, 195f, 199f, 203f, 205f, 211f, 215f, 217f, 218f, 220f, 222f, 236, 246f, 250f, 252f, 260f, 264f, 266f, 270f, 271f, 272f, 273f, 274f, 276f, 278f, 285f, 287f, 297f, 303f bifurcation of, 280f divisions of, 237f Transverse foramen, 222f Transverse plane, 3, 4f Transverse process, 232f, 278f Transverse sinuses, 21f, 22f, 46f, 50f, 51f, 53f, 55f, 89f, 96f sulcus for, 12f Trapezium, 545f, 546, 549f, 556f, 557f Trapezius muscle, 529, 530f Trapezoid, 545f, 546, 549f, 556f Triangular interval, 529f Triceps brachii muscle, 528f lateral head of, 529f Triceps muscle, 539f, 541f, 542f, 544f elbow and, 539 Triceps tendon, 541f Trigeminal nerve, 14 Triquetrum, 549, 549f, 556f, 557f Triradiate cartilage, 561f Trochanter greater, 434f, 482f, 504f, 506f, 517f, 558, 558f, 560f, 562f left, 432f right, 482f, 484f lesser, 514f Trochlea, 538, 538f, 539f, 540f, 542f, 543f, 544f, 545f Trochlear nerve, 14 Trochlear notch, 538, 540f, 544f, 545f Trochoid, Tubercle of C1, 190f epiglottic, 180f greater, of humerus, 527, 532f, 536f pubic, 407f, 560f U Ulna, 538, 557f proximal posterior extremity of, 539f shaft of, 542f, 546f, 547f Ultrasound, of adnexal areas, 479f of anal sphincter, 443f of bladder, 431f of breast carcinoma, 247f, 255f, 314f, 315, 315f of broad ligaments, 511f–513f of gallbladder, 384, 384f of gallbladder carcinoma, 385, 385f of goiter, 227, 227f of hydranencephaly, 121, 121f of hydrocephalus, 120, 120f of left kidney, 6f of neck, 226f of penis, 443f of prostate, 522, 522f of psoas muscle, 481f of scrotum, 439f, 441f of seminal vesicles, 433f of spermatic cords, 437f of testicles, 523, 523f of uterus, 479f, 481f, 511f–513f Ureter(s), 326, 361f, 373f left, 364f, 369f, 371f, 372f, 398f, 406f, 412f, 418f, 420f, 444f, 446f, 448f, 450f, 452f, 454f, 456f, 460f, 464f, 466f, 468f, 472f right, 362f, 363f, 365f, 366f, 367f, 368f, 376f, 400f, 406f, 416f, 446f, 454f Urethra, 396, 397, 433f, 440f, 445f, 447f, 449f, 486f, 488f, 506f, 515f, 519f Uterine tubes See Oviducts Uterus, 397, 445f, 501f body of, 447f, 449f, 453f, 457f, 461f, 463f, 476f, 478f, 480f, 487f, 489f, 505f, 507f, 508f, 509f cervix of, 447f, 453f, 461f, 482f, 484f, 486f, 491f, 493f, 495f, 507f, 508f, 509f, 510f fundus of, 447f, 449f, 451f, 453f, 457f, 463f, 474f, 483f, 485f, 503f, 505f, 508f, 510f psoas muscle and, ultrasound of, 481f ultrasound of, 479f three parts of, 511f–513f Uvula, 179f, 184f, 192f, 197f V Vagina, 445f, 447f, 449f, 451f, 453f, 487f, 488f, 490f, 508f, 510f, 519f echo pattern of, 481f http://medical.dentalebooks.com/ Madden_3e_Index.qxd:Layout 8/4/12 12:31 AM Page 631 Index 279f, 281f, 283f, 285f, 287f, 293f, 296f, 297f, 298f, 301f, 304f, 312f, 334f right, 238, 238f, 239f, 252f, 254f, 256f, 258f, 263f, 275f, 277f, 279f, 281f, 283f, 285f, 287f, 293f, 294f, 296f, 298f, 302f, 304f, 312f, 334f Vermis, 14, 47f, 48f, 49f, 51f, 87f, 89f, 90f, 91f, 95f, 97f, 100f superior, 46f, 48f, 49f, 52f Vertebral arch, 231 Vertebral artery(ies), 22f, 23f, 27f, 31f, 33f, 181f, 183f, 209f, 211f, 213f, 215f, 217f, 223f, 240, 241f left, 87f, 212f, 260f, 262f, 264f, 266f right, 87f, 188f, 190f, 200f, 202f, 204f, 206f, 208f, 210f, 214f, 216f, 218f, 220f Vertebral body, 125, 136f, 148f, 231, 278f, 462f See also specific vertebra Vertebral column lateral view of, 126f, 174f midsagittal section through, 129f Vertebral endplate, 134f Vertebral foramen, 128, 232f, 398f, 516f, 518f axial drawing of, 131f left, 452f Vertebra prominens, 175 Vertical plate, Verumontanum, 433f Vestibular folds, 176, 178f, 179f, 180f, 184f Vestibule, 397, 492f Vestibulocochlear nerve, 14 https://kat.cr/user/Blink99/ Visceral pleura, 234f, 242f Vocal cords, 175–176, 178f, 216f Vocal fold, 179f, 180f, 184f Vocal ligament, 178f Vomer, 10, 10f, 13f, 80f, 82f, 86f Vomeronasal organ, 11f W Weighted images T1, 4, 5f, 6f T2, 4, 5f, 6f White matter, 106f, 110f, 114f, 115f of frontal lobe, 72f of occipital lobe, 46f Wrist, 549–557 anatomic overview, 549–551 anatomic overview of musculature of, 546–547 skeleton, 545–546 CT of axial, 548, 552f–557f coronal, 557f dorsal view of, 545f–547f palmar view of, 545f–547f X Xiphoid process, 232f, 233 Z Zygapophyseal joint, 135f, 139f, 145f, 147f, 153f, 157f, 159f, 161f, 223f Zygapophysis, 128–129, 156f Zygomatic bone, 10, 11f, 39f, 76f, 78f Zygomatic process, 13f http://medical.dentalebooks.com/ INDEX fornix of, 397 posterior, 486f, 515f wall of, 489f, 491f Vagus nerve, 14 Vallecula, 178f, 179f, 180f, 195f, 197f, 203f, 204f, 206f Vas deferens, 433f Vein of Galen, 19, 21f, 22f, 54f, 55f, 61f, 102f, 104f Veins See also specific veins in abdomen, 328–333, 331f in head, 181f in neck, 181f in pelvis, 394f in thoracic cage, 243f Vena cava inferior, 238f, 243, 293f, 300f, 302f, 304f, 306f, 328, 332, 334f, 338f, 340f, 342f, 344f, 346f, 352f, 354f, 364f, 365f, 367f, 369f, 373f bifurcation of, 376f, 400f superior, 180f, 181f, 238f, 239f, 240, 240f, 242f, 243f, 244f, 278f, 279f, 280f, 281f, 282f, 283f, 284f, 286f, 293f, 295f Venous sinuses, 21f Ventricle(s) of brain, 23–24 fourth, 23 lateral, 20f, 23–24, 23f third, 23 of heart left, 238, 238f, 239f, 256f, 258f, 263f, 267f, 269f, 271f, 275f, 277f, 631 ... of two parts: the cecum and the colon https://kat.cr/user/Blink99/ http://medical.dentalebooks.com/ Madden_3e_CH06.qxd:Layout 8/3/ 12 2:59 AM Page 322 322 Introduction to Sectional Anatomy Figure... http://medical.dentalebooks.com/ Madden_3e_CH06.qxd:Layout 8/3/ 12 2:59 AM Page 328 328 Introduction to Sectional Anatomy Figure 6- 12 Branches of the celiac trunk as compared to the stomach and spleen the nearby celiac trunk,... Madden_3e_CH06.qxd:Layout 8/3/ 12 2:59 AM Page 3 42 3 42 Introduction to Sectional Anatomy The liver is limited to the right side of the abdomen and is divided into right and left lobes by the fossa