(BQ) Part 1 book Evidence-based critical care presents the following contents: Evidence based critical care, critical care medicine, admission discharge criteria, fluid responsiveness and fluid resuscitation, assessment of cardiac function and cardiac output, management of pain, agitation and delirium,...
Paul Ellis Marik Evidence-Based Critical Care Third Edition 123 Evidence-Based Critical Care Paul Ellis Marik Evidence-Based Critical Care Third Edition Paul Ellis Marik Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Eastern Virginia Medical School Norfolk, VA, USA ISBN 978-3-319-11019-6 ISBN 978-3-319-11020-2 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-11020-2 Springer Cham Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London Library of Congress Control Number: 2014956872 © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015 This work is subject to copyright All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed Exempted from this legal reservation are brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the Copyright Law of the Publisher’s location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer Permissions for use may be obtained through RightsLink at the Copyright Clearance Center Violations are liable to prosecution under the respective Copyright Law The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com) Learning without thinking is useless Thinking without learning is dangerous —Confucius, Chinese Philosopher (551–479 BC) To cure sometimes, to relieve often, to comfort always —Hippocrates, Greek Physician, Father of Western Medicine (460–370 BC) This book is dedicated to the memory of my father, Colin Sigmund Marik, a man of great intellect and wit Preface to Third Edition After completing the Second Edition of The Handbook of Evidence Based Critical Care in 2009, I swore that I would rather stick needles in both my eyes than author another updated version of the book But here we are in 2015 with the Third Edition of Evidence-Based Critical Care (no longer a handbook) So what made me change my mind? Most importantly, you, my dedicated readers, have implored me to update the book; I was told, “Medicine as we know it would be incomplete without an updated version.” Your enthusiastic and positive feedback was the driving factors which led me to consider writing this revision In addition, in the last years we have witnessed a remarkable refinement in the management strategies of critically ill patients best characterized as “Less is More” (see Chap 2) At the same time we have realized that while many of our patients survive their ICU stay, many have significant residual functional and cognitive disabilities These changes in our approach and understanding of critical illness have necessitated the updated Third Edition of Evidence-Based Critical Care However, the basic guiding principles of Critical Care Medicine have not changed; compassionate, dedicated and thoughtful clinicians, who evaluate the functioning of the “whole” patient, ponder their disease processes and pathophysiology and provide the highest level of Evidence-Based interventions with the goal of restoring the patient to a quality of life which he/she values Due to the vast number of therapeutic interventions that ICU physicians make daily, the topics are presented as narrative summaries of the best available evidence rather than as systematic reviews of each and every intervention In keeping with the goal of providing an evidence-based approach to critical care, references are provided to support the evidence presented In writing this book my goal has been to take issues that appear complex and make them as simple as possible ix ... a Marker of Metabolic Stress 10 7 10 8 10 9 10 9 11 1 11 2 11 2 11 5 11 8 11 9 12 4 12 8 12 9 13 0 13 3 13 6 13 7 14 9 14 9 15 2 15 2 15 3 15 3 15 5 15 7 15 7 15 8 15 8 15 9 16 0 16 1 Contents Lactate as a Metabolic Fuel... Morphine Meperidine xix 16 2 16 3 16 3 16 4 16 9 16 9 17 0 17 1 17 2 17 2 17 3 17 4 17 5 17 6 17 7 17 8 17 9 17 9 18 4 18 8 18 9 19 0 19 1 19 2 19 7 200 2 01 2 01 202 202 202 205 205 206 206 207 208 208... Failure 311 312 312 313 313 313 313 314 314 315 315 315 20 307 307 308 308 xxii Contents Contraindications to NIPPV 315 Success and Failure Criteria for NIPPV 316 References