Climate of the southeast united states variability, change, impacts, and vulnerability

National Climate Assessment Regional Technical Input Report Series Climate of the Southeast United States VARIABILITY, CHANGE, IMPACTS, AND VULNERABILITY Edited by: Keith T Ingram Kirstin Dow Lynne Carter Julie Anderson Climate of the Southeast United States Variability, Change, Impacts, and Vulnerability © 2013 Southeast Climate Consortium All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions Reproduction of this report by electronic means for personal and noncommercial purposes ’œȱ™Ž›–’ĴŽȱŠœȱ•˜—ȱŠœȱ™›˜™Ž›ȱŠŒ”—˜ •ŽŽ–Ž—ȱ’œȱ’—Œ•žŽǯȱœŽ›œȱŠ›Žȱ›Žœ›’ŒŽȱ›˜–ȱ ™‘˜˜Œ˜™¢’—ȱ˜›ȱ–ŽŒ‘Š—’ŒŠ•ȱ›Ž™›˜žŒ’˜—ȱŠœȱ Ž••ȱŠœȱŒ›ŽŠ’—ȱŽ›’ŸŠ’ŸŽȱ ˜›”œȱ˜›ȱŒ˜––Ž›Œ’Š•ȱ ™ž›™˜œŽœȱ ’‘˜žȱ‘Žȱ™›’˜›ȱ ›’ĴŽ—ȱ™Ž›–’œœ’˜—ȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱ™ž‹•’œ‘Ž›ǯ ȱȱ’œȱŠȱ›ŠŽ–Š›”ȱ˜ȱ‘ŽȱŽ—Ž›ȱ˜›ȱŽœ˜ž›ŒŽȱŒ˜—˜–’Œœǯ Printed on recycled, acid-free paper Š—žŠŒž›Žȱ’—ȱ‘Žȱ—’ŽȱŠŽœȱ˜ȱ–Ž›’ŒŠ Citation: —›Š–ǰȱ ǯǰȱ ǯȱ˜ ǰȱǯȱŠ›Ž›ǰȱ ǯȱ—Ž›œ˜—ǰȱŽœǯȱŘŖŗřǯȱ•’–ŠŽȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱ˜ž‘ŽŠœȱ —’ŽȱŠŽœDZȱŠ›’Š‹’•’¢ǰȱŒ‘Š—Žǰȱ’–™ŠŒœǰȱŠ—ȱŸž•—Ž›Š‹’•’¢ǯȱŠœ‘’—˜—ȱDZȱœ•Š—ȱ›Žœœǯ Keywords:ȱ™Š•ŠŒ‘’Œ˜•ŠȬ‘ŠĴŠ‘˜˜Œ‘ŽŽȬ•’—ȱ‹Šœ’—ǰȱŠŠ™Š’˜—ǰȱŠ›’Œž•ž›ŽǰȱŠ’›ȱšžŠ•’¢ǰȱ ŠœœŽœœ–Ž—ǰȱŠ–˜œ™‘Ž›Žǰȱ‹Š››’Ž›ȱ’œ•Š—œǰȱ‹’˜’ŸŽ›œ’¢ǰȱŒ˜ŠœŠ•ȱ Ž•Š—œǰȱŒ•’–ŠŽȱŒ‘Š—Žǰȱ climate impacts, climate modeling, climate variability, coastal, drought, education, electric ™˜ Ž›ȱŽ—Ž›Š’˜—ǰȱŽ¡›Ž–Žȱ ŽŠ‘Ž›ǰȱ̘˜’—ǰȱ˜›Žœȱ›Žœ˜ž›ŒŽœǰȱ›ŽŽ£Žœǰȱ‘ŽŠȱ›Ž•ŠŽȱ’••—Žœœǰȱ ‘ŽŠȱ ŠŸŽǰȱ‘ž››’ŒŠ—Žœǰȱ•Š—ȬžœŽȱŒ‘Š—Žǰȱ–Š—›˜ŸŽœǰȱ–’’Š’˜—ǰȱ–˜œšž’˜Žœǰȱ—Šž›Š•ȱ›Žœ˜ž›ŒŽȱ –Š—ŠŽ–Ž—ǰȱ˜ŒŽŠ—ȱŠŒ’’ęŒŠ’˜—ǰȱžŽ›˜ȱ’Œ˜ǰȱ™›ŽŒ’™’Š’˜—ǰȱ™ž‹•’Œȱ‘ŽŠ•‘ǰȱ›Š’—Š••ǰȱœŠ•Ȭ ŠŽ›ȱ intrusion, sea level rise, silviculture, social vulnerability, Southeast, storm surge, tropical œ˜›–œǰȱ˜ž›’œ–ǰȱž—ŒŽ›Š’—¢ǰȱǯǯȱ’›’—ȱœ•Š—œǰȱŸŽŒ˜›Ȭ‹˜›—Žȱ’œŽŠœŽǰȱ ŠŽ›ȱ›Žœ˜ž›ŒŽœǰȱ  Ž•Š—œǰȱ ’•ę›Ž ‘’œȱŽŒ‘—’ŒŠ•ȱ’—™žȱ˜Œž–Ž—ȱ’—ȱ’œȱŒž››Ž—ȱ˜›–ȱ˜Žœȱ—˜ȱ›Ž™›ŽœŽ—ȱŠȱŽŽ›Š•ȱ˜Œž–Ž—ȱ˜ȱ Š—¢ȱ”’—ȱŠ—ȱœ‘˜ž•ȱ—˜ȱ‹Žȱ’—Ž›™›ŽŽȱŠœȱ‘Žȱ™˜œ’’˜—ȱ˜›ȱ™˜•’Œ¢ȱ˜ȱŠ—¢ȱŽŽ›Š•ǰȱŠŽǰȱ˜ŒŠ•ǰȱ˜›ȱ Tribal Government or Non-governmental entity Front Cover Images: ˜ —˜ —ȱ•Š—Šǰȱ Ž˜›’ŠǰȱŒ˜ž›Žœ¢ȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱ•Š—Šȱ˜—ŸŽ—’˜—ȱŠ—ȱ ’œ’˜›Ȃœȱž›ŽŠžȱǻ˜™Ǽǯȱ‘Ž›ȱ™‘˜˜œȱ‹¢ȱ›˜ ȱ›˜–ȱ‘Žȱ˜™ȱ•ŽDZȱ ›ŽŠȱ–˜”Ž¢ȱ˜ž—Š’—œȱŠȱ Œ˜—Š•žŽŽȱŸŽ›•˜˜”ǰȱŒ˜ž›Žœ¢ȱ˜ȱȱŠ’˜—Š•ȱŠ›”ȱŽ›Ÿ’ŒŽDzȱ¢–™‘ŠŽŠȱ˜™Ž—ȱ ŠŽ›ȱœ•˜ž‘ȱ ’—ȱŸŽ›•ŠŽœȱŠ’˜—Š•ȱŠ›”ǰȱž›’œȱ ǯȱ’Œ‘Š›œ˜—Dzȱ˜ž‘ȱŠ›˜•’—ŠȱŒ˜ŠœŠ•ȱ–Š›œ‘ǰȱŒ˜ž›Žœ¢ȱ˜ȱ ‘Žȱȱ’œ‘ȱŠ—ȱ’••’ŽȱŽ›Ÿ’ŒŽDzȱ•˜›’Šȱ˜ Ž›ȱŠ—ȱ’‘ȱǻǼȱŽœ˜˜ȱ˜•Š›ȱ˜ Ž›ȱ•Š—ǰȱ Œ˜ž›Žœ¢ȱ˜ȱDzȱœ™›’—ȱ̘ Ž›œȱŠȱŠ––˜‘ȱŠŸŽȱŠ’˜—Š•ȱŠ›”ǰȱŒ˜ž›Žœ¢ȱ˜ȱȱŠ’˜—Š•ȱ Š›”ȱŽ›Ÿ’ŒŽDzȱ–˜ž‘ȱ˜ȱ’Š–’ȱ’ŸŽ›ǰȱ’Š–’ǰȱ•˜›’ŠǰȱŠ›ŒȱŸŽ›ŽĴŽǯ About This Series This report is published as one of a series of technical inputs to the Third National •’–ŠŽȱœœŽœœ–Ž—ȱǻǼȱ›Ž™˜›ǯȱ‘Žȱȱ’œȱ‹Ž’—ȱŒ˜—žŒŽȱž—Ž›ȱ‘ŽȱŠžœ™’ŒŽœȱ ˜ȱ‘Žȱ •˜‹Š•ȱ‘Š—ŽȱŽœŽŠ›Œ‘ȱŒȱ˜ȱŗşşŖǰȱ ‘’Œ‘ȱ›Žšž’›ŽœȱŠȱ›Ž™˜›ȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱ›Žœ’Ž—ȱ and Congress every four years on the status of climate change science and impacts The NCA informs the nation about already observed changes, the current status of the climate, and anticipated trends for the future The NCA report process integrates œŒ’Ž—’ęŒȱ’—˜›–Š’˜—ȱ›˜–ȱ–ž•’™•Žȱœ˜ž›ŒŽœȱŠ—ȱœŽŒ˜›œȱ˜ȱ‘’‘•’‘ȱ”Ž¢ȱꗍ’—œȱŠ—ȱ œ’—’ęŒŠ—ȱŠ™œȱ’—ȱ˜ž›ȱ”—˜ •ŽŽǯȱ’—’—œȱ›˜–ȱ‘Žȱȱ™›˜Ÿ’Žȱ’—™žȱ˜ȱŽŽ›Š•ȱœŒ’Ž—ŒŽȱ™›’˜›’’ŽœȱŠ—ȱŠ›ŽȱžœŽȱ‹¢ȱǯǯȱŒ’’£Ž—œǰȱŒ˜––ž—’’ŽœȱŠ—ȱ‹žœ’—ŽœœŽœȱŠœȱ‘Ž¢ȱŒ›ŽŠŽȱ –˜›ŽȱœžœŠ’—Š‹•ŽȱŠ—ȱŽ—Ÿ’›˜—–Ž—Š••¢ȱœ˜ž—ȱ™•Š—œȱ˜›ȱ‘Žȱ—Š’˜—Ȃœȱžž›Žǯ —ȱŠ••ȱ˜ȱŘŖŗŗǰȱ‘Žȱȱ›ŽšžŽœŽȱŽŒ‘—’ŒŠ•ȱ’—™žȱ›˜–ȱŠȱ‹›˜Šȱ›Š—Žȱ˜ȱŽ¡™Ž›œȱ’—ȱ ŠŒŠŽ–’Šǰȱ™›’ŸŠŽȱ’—žœ›¢ǰȱœŠŽȱŠ—ȱ•˜ŒŠ•ȱ˜ŸŽ›—–Ž—œǰȱ—˜—Ȭ˜ŸŽ›—–Ž—Š•ȱ˜›Š—’£Š’˜—œǰȱ™›˜Žœœ’˜—Š•ȱœ˜Œ’Ž’ŽœǰȱŠ—ȱ’–™ŠŒŽȱŒ˜––ž—’’Žœǰȱ ’‘ȱ‘Žȱ’—Ž—ȱ˜ȱ™›˜žŒ’—ȱŠȱ ‹ŽĴŽ›ȱ’—˜›–ŽȱŠ—ȱ–˜›ŽȱžœŽž•ȱ›Ž™˜›ǯȱ—ȱ™Š›’Œž•Š›ǰȱ‘ŽȱŽ’‘ȱȱ›Ž’˜—œǰȱŠœȱ Ž••ȱŠœȱ ‘Žȱ˜ŠœŠ•ȱŠ—ȱ‘ŽȱŒŽŠ—ȱ‹’˜Ž˜›Š™‘’ŒŠ•ȱ›Ž’˜—œǰȱ Ž›ŽȱŠœ”Žȱ˜ȱŒ˜—›’‹žŽȱŽŒ‘—’ŒŠ•ȱ input reports highlighting past climate trends, projected climate change, and impacts ˜ȱœ™ŽŒ’ęŒȱœŽŒ˜›œȱ’—ȱ‘Ž’›ȱ›Ž’˜—œǯȱŠŒ‘ȱ›Ž’˜—ȱŽœŠ‹•’œ‘Žȱ’œȱ˜ —ȱ™›˜ŒŽœœȱ˜›ȱŽŸŽ•˜™ing this technical input The lead authors for related chapters in the Third NCA report,  ‘’Œ‘ȱ ’••ȱ’—Œ•žŽȱŠȱ–žŒ‘ȱœ‘˜›Ž›ȱœ¢—‘Žœ’œȱ˜ȱŒ•’–ŠŽȱŒ‘Š—Žȱ˜›ȱŽŠŒ‘ȱ›Ž’˜—ǰȱŠ›Žȱžœ’—ȱ‘ŽœŽȱŽŒ‘—’ŒŠ•ȱ’—™žȱ›Ž™˜›œȱŠœȱ’–™˜›Š—ȱœ˜ž›ŒŽȱ–ŠŽ›’Š•ǯȱ¢ȱ™ž‹•’œ‘’—ȱ‘’œȱœŽ›’Žœȱ ˜ȱ›Ž’˜—Š•ȱŽŒ‘—’ŒŠ•ȱ’—™žȱ›Ž™˜›œǰȱœ•Š—ȱ›Žœœȱ‘˜™Žœȱ˜ȱ–Š”Žȱ‘’œȱ›’Œ‘ȱŒ˜••ŽŒ’˜—ȱ˜ȱ ’—˜›–Š’˜—ȱ–˜›Žȱ ’Ž•¢ȱŠŸŠ’•Š‹•Žǯȱ ‘’œȱœŽ›’Žœȱ’—Œ•žŽœȱ‘Žȱ˜••˜ ’—ȱ›Ž™˜›œDZ •’–ŠŽȱ‘Š—ŽȱŠ—ȱŠŒ’ęŒȱœ•Š—œDZȱ—’ŒŠ˜›œȱŠ—ȱ–™ŠŒœ ˜ŠœŠ•ȱ–™ŠŒœǰȱŠ™Š’˜—ǰȱŠ—ȱž•—Ž›Š‹’•’’Žœ ›ŽŠȱ•Š’—œȱŽ’˜—Š•ȱŽŒ‘—’ŒŠ•ȱ—™žȱŽ™˜› •’–ŠŽȱ‘Š—Žȱ’—ȱ‘Žȱ’ ŽœDZȱȱ¢—‘Žœ’œȱŽ™˜›ȱ˜›ȱ‘ŽȱŠ’˜—Š•ȱ•’–ŠŽȱœœŽœœ–Ž— •’–ŠŽȱ‘Š—Žȱ’—ȱ‘Žȱ˜›‘ŽŠœDZȱȱ˜ž›ŒŽ‹˜˜”ȱ •’–ŠŽȱ‘Š—Žȱ’—ȱ‘Žȱ˜›‘ ŽœDZȱ–™•’ŒŠ’˜—œȱ˜›ȱŠ—œŒŠ™ŽœǰȱŠŽ›œǰȱŠ—ȱ˜––ž—’’Žœ ŒŽŠ—œȱŠ—ȱŠ›’—ŽȱŽœ˜ž›ŒŽœȱ’—ȱŠȱ‘Š—’—ȱ•’–ŠŽ •’–ŠŽȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱ˜ž‘ŽŠœȱ—’ŽȱŠŽœDZȱŠ›’Š‹’•’¢ǰȱ‘Š—Žǰȱ–™ŠŒœǰȱŠ—ȱž•—Ž›Š‹’•’¢ œœŽœœ–Ž—ȱ˜ȱ•’–ŠŽȱ‘Š—Žȱ’—ȱ‘Žȱ˜ž‘ Žœȱ—’ŽȱŠŽœ •ŽŒ›˜—’ŒȱŒ˜™’Žœȱ˜ȱŠ••ȱ›Ž™˜›œȱŒŠ—ȱ‹ŽȱŠŒŒŽœœŽȱ˜—ȱ‘Žȱ•’–ŠŽȱŠ™Š’˜—ȱ —˜ •ŽŽȱ¡Œ‘Š—Žȱǻ Ǽȱ Ž‹œ’ŽȱŠȱ   ǯŒŠ”Ž¡ǯ˜›Ȧ›Ž™˜›œ Printed copies are availŠ‹•Žȱ˜›ȱœŠ•Žȱ˜—ȱ‘Žȱœ•Š—ȱ›Žœœȱ Ž‹œ’ŽȱŠȱ   ǯ’œ•Š—™›Žœœǯ˜›Ȧ›Ž™˜›œǯȱ Climate of the Southeast United States Variability, Change, Impacts, and Vulnerability EDITORS Keith T Ingram (University of Florida) Kirstin Dow (University of South Carolina) Lynne Carter (Louisiana State University) Julie Anderson (Louisiana State University) EDITORIAL ASSISTANCE Eleanor K Sommer (Gainesville, Florida) Šœ‘’—˜—ȱȩȱ˜ŸŽ•˜ȱȩȱ˜—˜— ǯ ǯȱ ›’Ĝ‘œǯȱŘŖŖŜǯȱŽŠœ˜—Š•’¢ȱ ’—ȱœ’¡ȱŽ—Ž›’ŒŠ••¢ȱ›Š—œ–’ĴŽȱ’œŽŠœŽœȱŠ—ȱŠ–‹’Ž—ȱŽ–™Ž›Šž›Žǯȱ™’Ž–’˜•˜¢ȱŠ—ȱ—ŽŒ’˜— ŗřśȱǻŘǼDZȱŘŞŗȬŘşŘǯ ȱ˜ŠœŠ•ȱŽœ˜ž›ŒŽœȱ˜––’œœ’˜—DZȱŒ’Ž—ŒŽȱŠ—Ž•ȱ˜—ȱ˜ŠœŠ•ȱ Š£Š›œǯȱŘŖŗŖǯȱŽŠȱ•ŽŸŽ•ȱ›’œŽȱŠœœŽœœ–Ž—ȱ›Ž™˜›ǯȱ‘Ĵ™DZȦȦŒ–ŘǯŽ—›ǯœŠŽǯ—ŒǯžœȦœ•›ȦƖŘŖŽŠȬŽŸŽ•ƖŘŖ’œŽƖŘŖœœŽœœ–Ž—ƖŘŖ Report%202010%20-%20CRC%20Science%20Panel.pdf ȂŽ’••ǰȱǯǯȱŠ—ȱ ǯǯȱ‹’ǯȱŘŖŖşǯȱŽ–™Ž›Šž›ŽȱŽ¡›Ž–ŽœȱŠ—ȱ‘ŽŠ•‘DZȱ’–™ŠŒœȱ˜ȱŒ•’–ŠŽȱŸŠ›’Š‹’•’¢ȱ Š—ȱŒ‘Š—Žȱ’—ȱ‘Žȱ—’ŽȱŠŽœǯȱ ˜ž›—Š•ȱ˜ȱŒŒž™Š’˜—Š•ȱŠ—ȱ—Ÿ’›˜—–Ž—Š•ȱŽ’Œ’—ŽȱśŗȱǻŗǼDZȱŗřȬŘś Š›”Ž›ǰȱ ǯ ǯǰȱǯȱŒ—¢›Žǰȱǯǯȱ˜‹•ŽǯȱŘŖŗŖǯȱ‘Š›ŠŒŽ›’£’—ȱŽŒŠ•ȱŒ˜—Š–’—Š’˜—ȱ’—ȱœ˜›– ŠŽ›ȱ ›ž—˜ěȱ’—ȱŒ˜ŠœŠ•ȱ˜›‘ȱŠ›˜•’—ŠǰȱǯȱŠŽ›ȱŽœŽŠ›Œ‘ȱŚŚȱǻŗŚǼDZȱŚŗŞŜȬŚŗşŚǯ ˜›’Ž›ǰȱǯ ǯǰȱǯ ǯȱ‘’™Ž—ǰȱǯǯȱŠ›Ž›ǰȱǯ ǯȱ’• ˜›‘ǰȱǯǯȱ ›Š–‹œŒ‘ǰȱ ǯȱ ˜‘•”ŽǯȱŘŖŗŖǯȱȱ ž–Š—ȱ ŽŠ•‘ȱŽ›œ™ŽŒ’ŸŽȱ˜—ȱ•’–ŠŽȱ‘Š—ŽDZȱȱŽ™˜›ȱž•’—’—ȱ‘ŽȱŽœŽŠ›Œ‘ȱŽŽœȱ˜—ȱ‘Žȱ ž–Š—ȱ ŽŠ•‘ȱ쎌œȱ˜ȱ•’–ŠŽȱ‘Š—ŽǯȱŽœŽŠ›Œ‘ȱ›’Š—•ŽȱŠ›”ǰȱDZȱ—Ÿ’›˜—–Ž—Š•ȱ ŽŠ•‘ȱŽ›œ™ŽŒ’ŸŽœȱŠ—ȱŠ’˜—Š•ȱ—œ’žŽȱ˜ȱ—Ÿ’›˜—–Ž—Š•ȱ ŽŠ•‘ȱŒ’Ž—ŒŽœǯȱ ˜›–Š——ǰȱǯǯǰȱǯȱ˜•˜–˜—ǰȱ ǯǯȱ ŽŽ›•ǯȱŘŖŖşǯȱ™Š’Š•ȱŠ—ȱœŽŠœ˜—Š•ȱ™ŠĴŽ›—œȱ’—ȱŒ•’–ŠŽȱŒ‘Š—Žǰȱ Ž–™Ž›Šž›ŽœǰȱŠ—ȱ™›ŽŒ’™’Š’˜—ȱŠŒ›˜œœȱ‘Žȱ—’ŽȱŠŽœǯȱ›˜ŒŽŽ’—œȱ˜ȱ‘ŽȱŠ’˜—Š•ȱŒŠŽ–¢ȱ ˜ȱŒ’Ž—ŒŽœȱŗŖŜȱǻŗŞǼDZȱŝřŘŚȬŝřŘşǯ Š™™˜•ǰȱǯ ǯǰȱǯǯȱ˜—ŽǰȱǯǯȱŠœŒ’˜ǰȱǯǯȱŽŠœǰȱǯ ǯȱ ’•Š›žǰȱǯǯȱŠ››Š Š¢ǰȱ ǯ ǯȱ£¢”–Š—ǰȱǯȱ œ’—ǰȱǯǯȱ•ŽŸŽǰȱ ǯǯȱŽ›Ž’‘ǰȱ ǯȱŠž‘Š—ȬŠĴŽ—ǰȱǯȱŽ¢—Ž”ŠǰȱǯǯȱŽŸ•’—ǯȱŘŖŗŗǯȱŽŠȱ‹˜ȱ  ’•ę›Žȱœ–˜”ŽȱŽ¡™˜œž›Žȱ’—ȱ›ž›Š•ȱ˜›‘ȱŠ›˜•’—Šȱ’œȱŠœœ˜Œ’ŠŽȱ ’‘ȱŒŠ›’˜™ž•–˜—Š›¢ȱŽ–Ž›Ž—Œ¢ȱŽ™Š›–Ž—ȱŸ’œ’œȱŠœœŽœœŽȱ‘›˜ž‘ȱœ¢—›˜–’Œȱœž›ŸŽ’••Š—ŒŽǯȱŗŖDZȱ—Ÿ’›˜—–Ž—Š•ȱ ŽŠ•‘ȱ Ž›œ™ŽŒ’ŸŽœȱŗŗşȱǻŗŖǼDZȱŗŚŗśȬŗŚŘŖǯ Ž–Ž—£Šǰȱ ǯǯǰȱǯȱ Ž›‹œǰȱǯȱŽŒ‘Ž—‹ž›ǰȱ ǯǯȱž”ǰȱǯȱ 㜎›ǰȱǯȱŒ‘›Ž’‹Ž›ǰȱǯȱ ’œŽ–Š——ǯȱŘŖŗŘǯȱ•’–ŠŽȱŒ‘Š—Žȱ’–™ŠŒȱŠœœŽœœ–Ž—ȱ˜ȱ˜˜ȱŠ—ȱ ŠŽ›‹˜›—Žȱ’œŽŠœŽœǯȱ›’’ŒŠ•ȱŽŸ’Ž œȱ’—ȱ—Ÿ’›˜—–Ž—Š•ȱŒ’Ž—ŒŽȱŠ—ȱŽŒ‘—˜•˜¢ȱŚŘȱǻŞǼDZȱŞśŝȬŞşŖǯ ŽĵŽ›ǰȱǯȱŠ—ȱǯǯȱ˜–’—˜ǯȱŘŖŖŚǯȱŽ’ŒŠ’ȱ˜ž™Š’Ž—ȱž’•’£Š’˜—ȱ˜›ȱ ŠŽ›‹˜›—Žȱ™Š‘˜Ž—’Œȱ’••—Žœœȱ˜••˜ ’—ȱ ž››’ŒŠ—Žȱ•˜¢ǯȱž‹•’Œȱ ŽŠ•‘ȱŽ™˜›œȱŗŗşȱǻśǼDZȱŚŝŘȬŚŝŞǯ ‘Ž‘Š—Žǰȱǯǯǰȱǯ ǯȱ Š› ˜˜ǰȱ ǯǯȱ‘’•˜Œ”ǰȱ ǯǯȱ˜œŽǯȱŘŖŖśǯȱ‘Žȱ’—ĚžŽ—ŒŽȱ˜ȱ›Š’—Š••ȱ˜—ȱ‘Žȱ’—Œ’Ž—ŒŽȱ˜ȱ–’Œ›˜‹’Š•ȱŠŽŒŠ•ȱ’—’ŒŠ˜›œȱŠ—ȱ‘Žȱ˜–’—Š—ȱœ˜ž›ŒŽœȱ˜ȱŠŽŒŠ•ȱ™˜••ž’˜—ȱ’—ȱŠȱ•˜›’Šȱ river.ȱ ˜ž›—Š•ȱ˜ȱ™™•’Žȱ’Œ›˜‹’˜•˜¢ȱşŞȱǻśǼDZȱŗŗŘŝȬŗŗřŜǯ ‘Ž™™Šǰȱ ǯǯǰȱ ... Map of the states in the Southeast region for the US National Climate Assessment Note that the region and report also covers Puerto Rico and the US Virgin Islands Climate Change in the Southeast. .. VULNERABILITY TO CLIMATE CHANGE IN THE SOUTHEAST USA 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 Status and Outlook for Energy Production and Use in the Southeast Impact of Climate Change on Energy Supply and Demand in the Southeast. . .Climate of the Southeast United States Variability, Change, Impacts, and Vulnerability © 2013 Southeast Climate Consortium All rights reserved under International and Pan-American