www.ebook3000.com The Global Water Crisis www.ebook3000.com Recent Titles in the CONTEMPORARY WORLD ISSUES Series Wind Energy: A Reference Handbook David E Newton Profiling and Criminal Justice in America: A Reference Handbook, second edition Jeff Bumgarner Fracking: A Reference Handbook David E Newton Cyber Warfare: A Reference Handbook Paul J Springer Healthcare Reform in America: A Reference Handbook, second edition Jennie Jacobs Kronenfeld and Michael Kronenfeld Cloning: A Reference Handbook David E Newton Hate Crimes: A Reference Handbook, third edition Donald Altschiller Illegal Immigration: A Reference Handbook, second edition Michael C. LeMay Obesity: A Reference Handbook, second edition Judith S Stern and Alexandra Kazaks Solar Energy: A Reference Handbook David E Newton Prescription Drug Abuse: A Reference Handbook David E Newton The Minimum Wage: A Reference Handbook Oren M Levin-Waldman Juvenile Justice: A Reference Handbook, second edition Donald J Shoemaker and Timothy W Wolfe www.ebook3000.com Books in the Contemporary World Issues series address vital issues in today’s society such as genetic engineering, pollution, and biodiversity Written by professional writers, scholars, and nonacademic experts, these books are authoritative, clearly written, up-to-date, and objective They provide a good starting point for research by high school and college students, scholars, and general readers as well as by legislators, businesspeople, activists, and others Each book, carefully organized and easy to use, contains an overview of the subject, a detailed chronology, biographical sketches, facts and data and/or documents and other primary source material, a forum of authoritative perspective essays, annotated lists of print and nonprint resources, and an index Readers of books in the Contemporary World Issues series will find the information they need in order to have a better understanding of the social, political, environmental, and economic issues facing the world today www.ebook3000.com This page intentionally left blank www.ebook3000.com CONTEMPORARY WORLD ISSUES SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND MEDICINE The Global Water Crisis A REFERENCE HANDBOOK David E Newton www.ebook3000.com Copyright © 2016 by ABC-CLIO, LLC All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, except for the inclusion of brief quotations in a review, without prior permission in writing from the publisher Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Newton, David E., author Title: The global water crisis : a reference handbook / David E Newton Description: Santa Barbara, California : ABC-CLIO, 2016 | Series: Contemporary world issues | Includes bibliographical references and index Identifiers: LCCN 2015051083 | ISBN 9781440839801 (alk paper) | ISBN 9781440839818 (ebook) Subjects: LCSH: Water-supply—Encyclopedias | Water resources development—Encyclopedias | Droughts—Encyclopedias Classification: LCC TD348 N49 2016 | DDC 333.91—dc23 LC record available at http://lccn.loc.gov/2015051083 ISBN: 978-1-4408-3980-1 EISBN: 978-1-4408-3981-8 20 19 18 17 16 1 2 3 4 5 This book is also available as an eBook ABC-CLIO An Imprint of ABC-CLIO, LLC ABC-CLIO, LLC 130 Cremona Drive, P.O Box 1911 Santa Barbara, California 93116–1911 www.abc-clio.com This book is printed on acid-free paper Manufactured in the United States of America www.ebook3000.com Contents Preface, xiii Background and History, Earth’s Water Resources, The Distribution of Water on Earth, The Origin of Earth’s Water, The Water Cycle, The Nature of Groundwater, 11 Water and the Rise of Human Civilization, 14 The History of Water Wells, 16 The History of Irrigation Systems, 21 Irrigation Today, 24 The History of Dams, 25 Water Treatment, 28 Power Production, 34 Water Law, 39 Water Rights, 39 Approach to Manage Complex Water Problems,” 283 water disputes, 81 – 88 agriculture and, 81, 97 – 98 chronology of, 206 Colorado River, 83 – 84, 88 dams in, 84 – 88 fish vs farmers, 85 – 86 neighbor against neighbor, 83 – 85 power production vs domestic use, 86 – 87 power production vs endangered species, 87 – 88 problems and issues of, 81 – 88 in U.S., 83 – 87 See also transboundary disputes “Water for Food Water for Life: A Comprehensive Assessment of Water Management in Agriculture,” 292 Water for People (W4P), 177, 217 – 219 “Water for the Human Environment” conference, 195 Water Framework Directive, EU, 260 Water Gap: The Overuse of Fresh Water, 275 “Water International,” 195 water law, 38 – 44 common law and, 42, 238 environmental regulations, 44 – 46 overview of, 39 water rights, 39 – 44, 96 – 97, 237 – 240 Water Management and Climate Change: Dealing with Uncertainties, 278 Water Policy Journal, 228 water pollution, 109 – 111 water problems and issues climate change, 72 – 77, 261 – 263 disputes, 81 – 88 350 Index drought, 64 – 73 overview of, 57, 113 pollution, 109 – 112 population growth, 60 – 62 questions framed in, 132 sanitation, 101 – 108, 103 – 105 (table), 107 (table) scarcity, 58 – 60, 74, 77 – 81 transboundary disputes, 90 – 101 urbanization, 62 – 64 use agreements, 88 – 90 See also WASH problems “Water Properties and Measurement,” 304 “Water Quality, Potential Conflicts and Solutions An Upstream Downstream Analysis of the Transnational Zarafshan River (Tajikistan, Uzbekistan),” 282 Water Resource Conflicts and International Security: A Global Perspective, 279 water resources, 304 climate change and, 72 – 77 demands on, 81 – 83, 132 – 133 nonrenewable, 9 overview of, 4 – 7 quality, U.S., 231 (table), 234 (table) Water Resources for the Built Environment: Management Issues and Solutions, 271 “Water Resources of the United States,” 304 water rights, 38 “Water Rights Law: Prior Appropriation,” 304 water risk, 322 water sanitation and health (WSH) program, 225 water scarcity, 58 – 81, 322 alternative views, 77 causes, climate change, 72 – 77 drought, 64 – 72 economic water scarcity, 58 – 59 physical water scarcity, 58 population growth, 60 – 62 urbanization, 62 – 64 “Water Scarcity” (Bat Conservation International), 305 “Water Scarcity” (Powers) 302 “Water Scarcity” (World Wildlife Fund), 305 Water Scarcity in Latin America and the Caribbean: Myths and Reality, 275 “Water Scarcity: The Food Factor,” 285 Water Security, 274 Index 351 “Water Stewardship,” 305 “Water Stewardship and Corporate Sustainability: A Case Study of Reputation Management in the Food and Drinks Industry,” 283 water supply and sanitation (WSS), 216 water table, 12, 322 Water: The Fate of Our Most Precious Resource, 272 water treatment, 28 – 34 with chlorine, 31 – 34, 197 history of, 28 – 34, 311 methods, 34 municipal plants, 32 – 34, 175 – 176, 197 process, 34 Water use (data), 232 water use agreements, 88 – 90 “Water Use in Agriculture,” 305 “Water Wars: China, India and the Great Dam Rush,” 302 “Water We Eat, The: Combining Virtual Water and Water Footprints,” 269 Water wells history, 16 – 17 types, 17 Water wheel, 35 history, 35 – 37, 309 Water withdrawal (data), 233 WaterAid, 219 – 222 waterborne diseases, 103 – 106, 322 Colwell and, 177 – 178 Gangarosa, Eugene, and, 179 – 180 Hawksley and, 191 – 192 Leal and, 197 sanitation influencing, 103 – 105 (table), 103 – 106 WaterCredit, 222 – 223 Water.org, 222 – 224 WaterPartners, 222 WaterSense, 264 – 266 water-stressed areas, 59 Web sites AWWA, 169 Groundwater Foundation, 190 GWP, 188 PI, 204 – 206 WSP, 216 – 217 WWC, 228 Weber, Karl, 279 Weisenberger, Dennis, 188 Weiss, Wayne, 217 wells, 92, 109 – 110 drought and, 68 – 69 in human civilization’s rise, 16 – 21, 19 – 21 (table) West Nile virus. 105 Western equine encephalitis, 105 wetlands, constructed, 141 ... Latin America and the Caribbean: Myths and Reality, 275 Water Scarcity: The Food Factor,” 285 Water Security, 274 Index 351 Water Stewardship,” 305 Water Stewardship and Corporate Sustainability:... Water Quality, Potential Conflicts and Solutions An Upstream Downstream Analysis of the Transnational Zarafshan River (Tajikistan, Uzbekistan),” 282 Water Resource Conflicts and International... A Reference Handbook, second edition Jeff Bumgarner Fracking: A Reference Handbook David E Newton Cyber Warfare: A Reference Handbook Paul J Springer Healthcare Reform in America: A Reference Handbook,