Forests in sustainable mountain development a state of knowledge report for 2000 task force on forests in sustainable mountai

Color profile: Disabled Composite Default screen IUFRO Research Series IUFRO Research Series The International Union of Forestry Research Organizations (IUFRO), with its 14,000 scientists from 700 member institutions in 100 countries, is organized into nearly 300 research units that annually hold approximately 60 conferences, workshops and other meetings The individual papers, proceedings and other material arising from these units and meetings are often published but in a wide array of different journals and other publications The object of the IUFRO Research Series is to offer a single, uniform outlet for high quality publications arising from major IUFRO meetings and other products of IUFRO’s research units The editing, publishing and dissemination experience of CABI Publishing and the huge spread of scientific endeavours of IUFRO combine here to make information widely available that is of value to policy makers, resource managers, peer scientists and educators The Executive Board of IUFRO forms the Editorial Advisory Board for the series and provides the monitoring and uniformity that such a high quality series requires in addition to the editorial work of the conference organizers While adding a new body of information to the plethora currently dealing with forestry and related resources, this series seeks to provide a single, uniform forum and style that all forest scientists will turn to first as an outlet for their conference material and other products, and that the users of information will also see as a reliable and reputable source Although the official languages of IUFRO include English, French, German and Spanish, the majority of modern scientific papers are published in English In this series, all books will be published in English as the main Z:\Customer\CABI\A3777 - Price - Forests in Sustainable\A3848 - Price - Forests in Sustainable #F.vp 04 July 2000 15:17:58 Color profile: Disabled Composite Default screen ii IUFRO Research Series language, allowing papers occasionally to be in other languages Guidelines for submitting and publishing material in this series are available from the Publisher, Books and Reference Works, CABI Publishing, CAB International, Wallingford, Oxon OX10 8DE, UK, and the IUFRO Secretariat, c/o Federal Forest Research Centre, Seckendorff-Gudent-Weg 8, A-1131, Vienna, Austria IUFRO Executive Board: J Burley, Oxford, UK D.P Dykstra, Portland, Oregon, USA R Elena Rosello, Madrid, Spain D.W Flinn, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia R Guevara Moncada, Turrialba, Costa Rica J Hong, Beijing, China D.F Karnosky, Houghton, Michigan, USA P.K Khosla, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India N.E Koch, Hoersholm, Denmark F.J Kruger, Sunnyside, South Africa D.K Lee, Seoul, South Korea J.A Prado Donoso, Santiago, Chile P.N Sall, Dakar, Senegal M.N Salleh, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia K Sassa, Uji Kyoto, Japan R Schlaepfer, Lausanne, Switzerland H Schmutzenhofer, Vienna, Austria L Sennerby-Forsse, Uppsala, Sweden R Seppaelae, Helsinki, Finland B Solberg, As, Norway V.V Strakhov, Moscow, Russian Federation E Teissier du Cros, Avignon, France K Vancura, Praha, Czech Republic K von Gadow, Goettingen, Germany J.L Whitmore, Washington, DC, USA C Winget, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada J.A Youngquist, Madison, Wisconsin, USA Titles Available: Forest Dynamics in Heavily Polluted Regions Edited by J.L Innes and J Oleksyn Forest History: International Studies on Socioeconomic and Forest Ecosystem Change Edited by M Agnoletti and S Anderson Methods and Approaches in Forest History Edited by M Agnoletti and S Anderson Air Pollution and the Forests of Developing and Rapidly Industrializing Countries Edited by J.L Innes and A.H Haron Forests in Sustainable Mountain Development: a State of Knowledge Report for 2000 Edited by M.F Price and N Butt Z:\Customer\CABI\A3777 - Price - Forests in Sustainable\A3848 - Price - Forests in Sustainable #F.vp 04 July 2000 15:17:58 Color profile: Disabled Composite Default screen Forests in Sustainable Mountain Development: a State of Knowledge Report for 2000 Task Force on Forests in Sustainable Mountain Development Edited by M.F Price Centre for Mountain Studies, Perth College, University of the Highlands and Islands Project, Perth, UK and N Butt Environmental Change Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK THE ROYAL MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS SWISS AGENCY FOR DEVELOPMENT AND COOPERATION SDC This publication has been made possible by grants from: Department for International Development, UK; Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations; The Royal Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Norway; Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation CABI Publishing in association with The International Union of Forestry Research Organizations (IUFRO) Z:\Customer\CABI\A3777 - Price - Forests in Sustainable\A3848 - Price - Forests in Sustainable #H.vp 10 July 2000 15:35:58 Color profile: Disabled Composite Default screen CABI Publishing is a division of CAB International CABI Publishing CAB International Wallingford Oxon OX10 8DE UK Tel: +44 (0)1491 832111 Fax: +44 (0)1491 833508 Email: cabi@cabi.org Web site: http://www.cabi.org CABI Publishing 10E 40th Street Suite 3203 New York, NY 10016 USA Tel: +1 212 481 7018 Fax: +1 212 686 7993 Email: cabi-nao@cabi.org © CAB International 2000 All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronically, mechanically, by photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owners A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library, London, UK Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Forests in sustainable mountain development : a state of knowledge report for 2000 / edited by M.F Price and N Butt p cm (IUFRO research series ; no 5) Includes bibliographical references (p ) ISBN 0-85199-446-6 Forests and forestry Sustainable development Mountain ecology I Price, Martin F II Butt, N (Nathalie) III IUFRO research series ; SD373 F66 2000 333.75′15′09143 dc21 00-025723 ISBN 85199 446 Typeset by AMA DataSet Ltd, UK Printed and bound in the UK by Biddles Ltd, Guildford and King’s Lynn Z:\Customer\CABI\A3777 - Price - Forests in Sustainable\A3848 - Price - Forests in Sustainable #H.vp 10 July 2000 14:52:17 A3848: Price - Forests: First Revise: 10-Jul-00 Chapter Color profile: Disabled Composite Default screen Contents Contents Contributors xiv Foreword: Linking mountain forests conservation with sustainable human development xxi Preface xxvii List of Acronyms and Abbreviations xxxi Mountain Forests: Location, Characteristics and Trends 1.1 Developing a map of the world’s mountain forests V Kapos, J Rhind, M Edwards, M.F Price and C Ravilious Case study: Mapping Mexico’s mountain forests V Kremsa and S Varela Case study: Mapping and monitoring biodiversity and mountain development in Costa Rica M Castro and M Kappelle 11 Case study: Monitoring of degraded mountain forests in Central Europe using remote sensing T Zawila-Niedzwiecki, M Iracka and E Wisniewska 13 v Z:\Customer\CABI\A3777 - Price - Forests in Sustainable\A3848 - Price - Forests in Sustainable #F.vp 04 July 2000 15:18:09 A3848: Price - Forests: First Revise: 4-Jul-00 Chapter Color profile: Disabled Composite Default screen vi Contents 1.2 1.3 Expansion of European mountain forests P Piussi 19 Case study: Woodland expansion in the Welsh mountains J.E.G Good, J.W Humphrey, D Clough and T.H Thomas 25 Biodiversity of mountain forests G Grabherr 28 Case study: Mountain forests, biodiversity and people in Costa Rica M Kappelle and M.E Juárez 38 Case study: Biodiversity on Mount Cameroon N Ndam, J.R Healey, J Acworth and P.G Tchouto 46 1.4 Disturbance in mountain forests D.L Peterson, S.J Prichard and D McKenzie 51 1.5 Restoration of Andean forests for conservation and development F.O Sarmiento 59 1.6 Climate oscillations and extremes M Beniston 70 1.7 Forest decline, air pollution and other anthropogenic and natural factors J.L Innes 76 Mountain Communities and Their Forests 83 2.1 Mountain peoples H Kreutzmann and C Stadel 85 2.2 Impacts of population increase and economic change on mountain forests in developing countries S.J Scherr and S.R Templeton 90 Case study: Forests of the Usambara Mountains: historical perspectives and future prospects A.R.S Kaoneka, Y.M Ngaga and G.C Monela 97 Z:\Customer\CABI\A3777 - Price - Forests in Sustainable\A3848 - Price - Forests in Sustainable #F.vp 04 July 2000 15:18:10 A3848: Price - Forests: First Revise: 4-Jul-00 Chapter Color profile: Disabled Composite Default screen Contents vii 2.3 Mountain women and their forests Atul and Punam 103 2.4 Women’s management of mountain forests J.D Gurung 112 2.5 Sacred mountain forests and biodiversity P.S Ramakrishnan 117 Case study: Environmental perception and the sacred in the southern Andes, northern Chile V Castro 126 Case study: Sacred forests in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia G.E Rodríguez Navarro 128 Interdependencies between Mountain and Lowland Populations 131 3.1 133 Mountain forests: the responses to UNCED El Hadji M Sène Case study: Creating common interests around Huascaran National Park, Peru J.D Pratt 3.2 Forestry issues in major Asian watersheds T Hofer 143 Case study: The impact of montane land use on lowland paddy in Vietnam C Howard Case study: Ecosystem services of forest gardens in Sri Lanka F.L Sinclair and G Hitinayake 3.3 141 Sustainably balancing downstream and upstream benefits in European mountain forest communities P.C Zingari 151 153 155 Case study: Urban sprawl and peri-urban mountain forests in Greece: conflict and co-existence in a quest for survival 161 P.C Xanthopoulos Z:\Customer\CABI\A3777 - Price - Forests in Sustainable\A3848 - Price - Forests in Sustainable #F.vp 04 July 2000 15:18:10 A3848: Price - Forests: First Revise: 4-Jul-00 Chapter Color profile: Disabled Composite Default screen viii Contents Perceiving and Assuring the Multiple Functions of Mountain Forests 167 4.1 The cultural value of forests A Zanzi Sulli 170 4.2 The importance of empirical research on public perceptions and attitudes towards forests for participatory policy development W Zimmermann and F Schmithüsen 4.3 4.4 Traditional knowledge, Western science and environmental ethics in forest management A.J Thomson, M.N Jimmie, N.J Turner and D Mitchell Approaches to multifunctionality in mountain forests G Buttoud 176 181 187 Case study: Multifunctional use and sustainable management of mountain forests in the North Caucasus 194 G.K Solntsev and M.V Pridnya 4.5 Silvicultural problems in subalpine forests in the Alps W Schönenberger 197 Case study: Multifunctionality in the Fiemme Valley, Italian Alps S Cattoi, C Pollini and V Tosi 203 Case study: ‘Close-to-nature’ silviculture in the Italian Alps: the forest of Paneveggio R Motta 206 Case study: Natural and semi-natural mixed stands in the Romanian Carpathians I.V Abrudan 208 Case study: Reduced impact logging in an oak–bamboo forest in Costa Rica 209 M.R Guariguata and J.J Campos Z:\Customer\CABI\A3777 - Price - Forests in Sustainable\A3848 - Price - Forests in Sustainable #F.vp 04 July 2000 15:18:11 A3848: Price - Forests: First Revise: 4-Jul-00 Chapter Color profile: Disabled Composite Default screen Contents ix Case study: Quantitative analysis of fragmented landscape patterns resulting from timber harvesting practices in the Kyoto University Forests, Japan M Shiba Case study: Designing sustainable mountain landscapes in British Columbia A.J Thomson and S.A Akenhead Case study: Participatory photo-mapping in Nepal R.A Mather 211 215 218 Multiple Functions from Mountain Forests I Mountain Forests: Sources of Wood 221 5.1 224 Forest operations under mountainous conditions H.R Heinimann Case study: Renaturalization of coppices in the National Park of Casentino, Italy R Spinelli, R Spinelli and G Fabbri 231 Case study: Labour costs in the forests of the Alps and Apennines G Hippoliti 233 5.2 Income from mountain timber and wood products H.M Gregersen 5.3 Income from timber: the economics of mountain forestry in Central Europe W Sekot 5.4 234 239 Energy from the Hindu Kush–Himalayan mountain forests K Rijal 247 Case study: Coppices and fuelwood production in Italy G Torta 255 Case study: Planting stock quality and establishment in the New Zealand high country N.J Ledgard and G.C Baker 258 Z:\Customer\CABI\A3777 - Price - Forests in Sustainable\A3848 - Price - Forests in Sustainable #F.vp 04 July 2000 15:18:11 A3848: Price - Forests: First Revise: 4-Jul-00 Chapter ... screen Forests in Sustainable Mountain Development: a State of Knowledge Report for 2000 Task Force on Forests in Sustainable Mountain Development Edited by M.F Price Centre for Mountain Studies,... 6.2 Agroforestry in sustainable mountain development K Atta-Krah and Tang Ya Case study: Chagga agroforests on Mount Kilimanjaro, Tanzania E.C.M Fernandes 284 Improved agroforestry systems for. .. targeted research is needed to substantiate the intrinsic value of mountain forests with regard to climate change, particularly as carbon sinks Link mountain forest conservation with sustainable