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(BQ) Part 1 book “Swanton’s cardiology” has contents: Cardiac symptoms and physical signs, congenital heart disease, valve disease, the cardiomyopathies, coronary artery disease, cardiac failure.
Swanton’s Cardiology Swanton’s Cardiology: A concise guide to clinical practice Sixth Edition By R H Swanton and S Banerjee © 2008 R H Swanton and S Banerjee ISBN: 978-1-405-17819-8 To Lindsay and Robin: with all our thanks for their patience, and for keeping our tummies full when our minds were empty Swanton’s Cardiology A concise guide to clinical practice R.H Swanton MA, MD, FRCP, FESC, FACC Consultant Cardiologist The Heart Hospital University College London Hospitals Westmoreland Street London W1G 8PH S Banerjee MBChB, MD, MRCP Consultant Cardiologist East Surrey Hospital Surrey and Sussex NHS Healthcare Trust Canada Avenue, Redhill Surrey RH1 5RH The Heart Hospital University College London Hospitals Westmoreland Street London W1G 8PH SIXTH EDITION © 2008 R H Swanton and S Banerjee © 1984, 1989, 1994, 1998, 2003 by Blackwell Science Ltd Published by Blackwell Publishing Blackwell Publishing, Inc., 350 Main Street, Malden, Massachusetts 02148-5020, USA Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford OX4 2DQ, UK Blackwell Publishing Asia Pty Ltd, 550 Swanston Street, Carlton, Victoria 3053, Australia The right of the Author to be identified as the Author of this Work has been asserted in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, without the prior permission of the publisher First published 1984 Italian edition 1986 Spanish edition 1986 Second edition 1989 Yugoslav edition 1990 Italian edition 1991 German edition 1994 Third edition 1994 Polish edition 1994 Fourth edition 1998 Polish edition 1998 Fifth edition 2003 Italian edition 2006 Russian edition 2008 Sixth edition 2008 2008 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Swanton, R H Swanton’s cardiology : a concise guide to clinical practice/ by R.H Swanton, S Banerjee – 6th ed p ; cm Rev ed of: Cardiology / R.H Swanton 5th ed c2003 Includes bibliographical references and index ISBN 978-1-4051-7819-8 Cardiology–Handbooks, manuals, etc I Banerjee, S (Shrilla) II Swanton, R.H Cardiology III Title [DNLM: Heart Diseases–Handbooks WG 39 S972c 2008] RC682.S837 2008 616.1′2–dc22 2007037459 ISBN: 978-1-4051-7819-8 A catalogue record for this title is available from the British Library Set in 9.5/12 pt Palatino by SNP Best-set Typesetter Ltd., Hong Kong Printed and bound in Singapore by Markono Print Media Pte Ltd Commissioning Editor: Gina Almond Development Editor: Victoria Pittman Editorial Assistant: Jamie Hartmann-Boyce Production Controller: Debbie Wyer For further information on Blackwell Publishing, visit our website: http://www.blackwellpublishing.com The publisher’s policy is to use permanent paper from mills that operate a sustainable forestry policy, and which has been manufactured from pulp processed using acid-free and elementary chlorine-free practices Furthermore, the publisher ensures that the text paper and cover board used have met acceptable environmental accreditation standards Designations used by companies to distinguish their products are often claimed as trademarks All brand names and product names used in this book are trade names, service marks, trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners The Publisher is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book The contents of this work are intended to further general scientific research, understanding, and discussion only and are not intended and should not be relied upon as recommending or promoting a specific method, diagnosis, or treatment by physicians for any particular patient The publisher and the author make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this work and specifically disclaim all warranties, including without limitation any implied warranties of fitness for a particular purpose In view of ongoing research, equipment modifications, changes in governmental regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to the use of medicines, equipment, and devices, the reader is urged to review and evaluate the information provided in the package insert or instructions for each medicine, equipment, or device for, among other things, any changes in the instructions or indication of usage and for added warnings and precautions Readers should consult with a specialist where appropriate The fact that an organization or Website is referred to in this work as a citation and/or a potential source of further information does not mean that the author or the publisher endorses the information the organization or Website may provide or recommendations it may make Further, readers should be aware that Internet Websites listed in this work may have changed or disappeared between when this work was written and when it is read No warranty may be created or extended by any promotional statements for this work Neither the publisher nor the author shall be liable for any damages arising herefrom Contents Preface, vii Acknowledgements, ix Cardiac Symptoms and Physical Signs, Congenital Heart Disease, 17 Valve Disease, 71 The Cardiomyopathies, 130 Coronary Artery Disease, 159 Cardiac Failure, 255 Disturbances of Cardiac Rhythm: Bradycardias, Pacing, the ICD, Biventricular Pacing for Heart Failure, 310 Disturbances of Cardiac Rhythm: Tachycardias and Ablation, 365 Infective Endocarditis, 419 10 Pericardial Disease, 448 11 The Heart in Systemic Disease, 460 12 Systemic Hypertension, 483 13 Pulmonary Hypertension and Pulmonary Embolism, 495 14 Diseases of the Aorta, 512 v vi Contents 15 Pregnancy and Heart Disease, 526 16 Cardiac Investigations, 545 17 Echocardiography, 594 Appendices Nomogram for Body Size, 633 Rate Conversion Chart, 634 Further Reading, 635 References of Important Trials or Papers Quoted in the Text, 637 Useful Addresses and Hyperlinks, 646 Driving and Cardiovascular Disease in the UK, 648 List of Abbreviations, 653 Index, 659 Preface I am delighted and very grateful that Dr Shrilla Banerjee has agreed to become a co-author of the sixth edition of this cardiology handbook Her enthusiasm, knowledge and ideas have proved invaluable It is hoped that the book will be of practical help to doctors, nurses and cardiac scientific officers confronted by typical management problems in the cardiac patient As a practical guide it is necessarily dogmatic and much information is given in list format or in tables, especially in the sections dealing with drug therapy Some subjects in cardiology are often not well covered in clinical training and it is hoped that some sections will help fill any gaps in doctors’ or nurses’ clinical course, e.g sections on congenital heart disease, pacing and cardiac investigations In addition, scientific officers and technical staff should find that the clinical side of cardiology covered here complements their technical training And we hope that anaesthetists and intensive care unit physicians will find the book of value Since the publication of the fifth edition years ago there have been enormous advances in many aspects of cardiology and we have tried to highlight these Many sections have been extensively revised, and in particular those on the cardiomyopathies, coronary disease, heart failure, echocardiography and the heart in systemic disease For ease of access the book now has 17 chapters The rhythm section has been split into two: bradycardias, pacing, implantable cardioverter defibrillators and pacing for heart failure are dealt with in one chapter, and tachycardias and ablation in another There is a new, badly needed chapter on pregnancy in patients with heart disease A summary of the At a Glance Guide for driving in the UK for patients with heart disease is now included in appendix by kind agreement of the DVLA It should be remembered that the full guidance is updated on their website every months In response to suggestions we are now able to include many more figures and illustrations and we hope that these will increase the appeal of the book without significantly increasing its bulk or expense With regret we have still decided not to have a separate section on nuclear cardiology but have included its use in diagnosis where relevant vii viii Preface Practical procedures such as cardiac catheterization cannot be learnt from a book However, interpretation of catheter laboratory data is discussed and it is hoped that the book will be helpful to the doctor learning invasive cardiology or the scientific officer monitoring it Echocardiography is very much a ‘hands-on’ technique and cannot be covered in depth in a book of this size However, this section has been considerably expanded with many more illustrations Of all the specialities in medicine cardiology is right at the front in evidencebased practice There are literally hundreds of trials to guide us in our dayto-day management decisions Most of the trials have acronyms, which have now become part of the language of cardiology We have referred to the most important trials in the text with the reference section expanded in Appendix To save space we have used abbreviations liberally – but only those that are in common use in everyday cardiology practice The list of abbreviations in Appendix should cover these Drug names are changing We have switched where appropriate from the British Approved Name (BAN) to the Recommended Non-proprietary Name (rINN) for medicinal substances Adrenaline and noradrenaline remain unchanged, however Finally, we are very grateful to colleagues who have suggested improvements or the inclusion of new material and would encourage the reader to contact us with suggestions of subjects that are not covered at all or dealt with inadequately R.H Swanton Acknowledgements The work of a large number of authors has contributed to the body of knowledge in this book and it would be impossible to thank them individually or provide detailed references to their work In the list of trials, references and further reading we have been able to incorporate their work and our thanks to them all We are very grateful to many cardiology colleagues, registrars and cardiac technical staff for their enthusiastic help in providing so many ECG pressure tracings and echocardiograms Our thanks also to Ms Kalaiarasi Janagarajan, Mr Justin O’Leary, Ms Vivienne Palmer-White and Dr Stavros Kounas and all our colleagues who have made suggestions for new material or alterations We are indebted to Dr Richard Sutton and Medtronic Ltd for permission to modify their pacing code diagrams, to Dr Simon Horner for his diagram on VT provocation, to Dr PE Gower for permission to include the nomogram for body surface area, to Dr Diana Holdright for the illustrations on septal ablation pressure measurement, to Dr James Moon and Dr Sanjay Prasad for their MRI pictures and to Dr Denis Pellerin for help with the echocardiography section Thanks to Fiona England for her patient acquisition of angiograms and CT scans Our thanks to Medtronic for permission to include the coronary stent diagram and to Boston Scientific Ltd for the picture of the rotablator and the Taxus stent Our thanks to Cheryl Friedland for her invaluable and patient tuition on ICDs and to Rhian Davies for her tireless help with drug queries A particular thanks to Dr Ewa Dzielicka from Krakow who has been of great help in bringing several sections up to date Finally, and last but not least, we would like to thank Gina Almond and Vicky Pittman from Wiley-Blackwell who have been towers of strength and encouragement We are grateful to them for their ideas, their patience and their gentle but regular persistence without which we would never have got this far R.H Swanton S Banerjee ix ... Patents Act 19 88, without the prior permission of the publisher First published 19 84 Italian edition 19 86 Spanish edition 19 86 Second edition 19 89 Yugoslav edition 19 90 Italian edition 19 91 German... unit Swanton’s Cardiology: A concise guide to clinical practice Sixth Edition By R H Swanton and S Banerjee © 2008 R H Swanton and S Banerjee ISBN: 978 -1- 405 -17 819 -8 17 18 Chapter Table 2 .1 Differentiation... ISBN 978 -1- 40 51- 7 819 -8 Cardiology Handbooks, manuals, etc I Banerjee, S (Shrilla) II Swanton, R.H Cardiology III Title [DNLM: Heart Diseases–Handbooks WG 39 S972c 2008] RC682.S837 2008 616 .1 2–dc22