Chapter 9 - Reporting processes and extensible business reporting language (XBRL). After reading this chapter, you should be able to: Explain how data warehouses are created and used, describe the basic components of business intelligence and how they are utilized in a firm, describe how digital dashboards allow for continuous tracking of key metrics, explain how XBRL works and how it makes business reporting more efficient.
Chapter Reporting Processes and eXtensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL) Copyrightâ2014McGrawưHillEducation.Allrightsreserved.NoreproductionordistributionwithoutthepriorwrittenconsentofMcGrawưHillEducation Learning Objectives LO#1 Explain how data warehouses are created and used LO#2 Describe the basic components of business intelligence and how they are utilized in a firm LO#3 Describe how digital dashboards allow for continuous tracking of key metrics LO#4 Explain how XBRL works and how it makes business reporting more efficient 6-2 Data Warehouses • • LO# A data warehouse is a collection of information gathered from an assortment of external and operational (i.e, internal) databases to facilitate reporting for decision making and business analysis Data warehouses often serve as the main repository of the firm's historical data, or in other words, its corporate memory and will often serve as an archive of past firm performance 9-3 Data Warehouses • Data warehouses are kept separate from the operational database – • Information in the warehouse can be stored safely for extended periods of time and data warehouses can run data queries without slowing down the performance of the company’s operational systems Data warehouses work together with operational systems to provide necessary insight, particularly in the case of customer relationship management (CRM) and supply chain management (SCM) systems – • LO# What are customers buying? What did they buy in a recession? What did they buy after a natural disasters? What they buy as their income goes up? Data warehouses are often designed to facilitate decision making such as those often used in managerial accounting – 9-4 variance Output might include variance reports, trend reports, Model of Data Warehouse Design 9-5 LO# Business Intelligence • • Business Intelligence is a computerbased technique for accumulating and analyzing data from databases and data warehouses to support managerial decision making One way that firms may gather business intelligence is by use of a web crawler, which systematically browses the World Wide Web in a systematic way, collecting information 9-6 LO# Process of Business Intelligence • • • LO# Gather information (either internal information, external information or both) from a variety of sources Analyze the data to discern patterns and trends from that information to gain understanding and meaning Make decisions, hopefully better informed ones, based on the information gained 9-7 Examples of Business Intelligence • • LO# How would American Airlines (hub in Dallas) and US Airways (hub in Phoenix) use business intelligence to track its competitor’s prices over different times, days of the week, etc.? How would Merrill Lynch use business intelligence to price an initial public offering of stock for a firm in the Internet retail industry? – 9-8 They may use business intelligence to assess LO# Data Mining • Data mining is one technique used to analyze data for business intelligence purposes Data mining is a process using sophisticated statistical techniques to extract and analyze data from large databases to discern patterns and trends that were not previously known – Data mining is often used to find patterns in stock prices to assist technical financial stock market analysts, or in commodities or 9-9 Data Mining • LO# Data mining will only find statistical relationships and some of them represent spurious correlations Data mining must be coupled with common sense to interpret the statistical relationships found – There is a classic example that ice cream sales are correlated with drownings suggesting that as ice cream sales increase, the number of drownings also increase That does not mean that ice cream sales cause drownings or that drownings cause9-10 more ice Digital Dashboards • LO# A digital dashboard is designed to track the firm process or performance indicators or metrics to monitor critical performance – Orders month to date, days that receivables are outstanding, budget variances, and days without an accident on the assembly line, etc are all examples of what might be tracked continuously 9-11 Example of Digital Dashboard at GE 9-12 LO# LO# Financial Reporting and XBRL • • XBRL stands for eXtensible Business Reporting Language and is based on the XML language, a standard for Internet communication between businesses The XBRL database is available for various uses, including reporting on the firm’s web site, filing to regulators (SEC, IRS, etc.) and providing information to other interested parties such as financial analysts, loan officers and investors 9-13 LO# Financial Reporting Using XBRL 9-14 XBRL Terminology • • • The XBRL taxonomy defines and describes each key data element (e.g., total assets, accounts, payable, net income, etc.) XBRL instance documents contain the actual dollar amounts or the details of each of the elements within the firm’s XBRL database XBRL style sheets take the instance documents and add presentation9-15 LO# LO# Should XBRL be audited? What assurances we need on We believe XBRL Assurance should XBRL? • include the following assurances that: – The most current, standardized XBRL taxonomy is used, – The underlying financial and nonfinancial data that is used in XBRL tagging is reliable, – The XBRL tagging is accurate and complete, and, – The reports generated using XBRL are complete and received on a timely9-16 basis LO# XBRL GL • • XBRL GL is also known as XBRL Global Ledger Taxonomy XBRL GL allows the representation of anything that is found in a chart of accounts, journal entries or historical transactions, financial and non-financial 9-17 How XBRL Works 9-18 LO# LO# XBRL Summary • • XBRL serves as a means to electronically communicate business information to facilitate business reporting of financial and nonfinancial data to users XBRL greatly enhances the speed and accuracy of business reporting 9-19 Summary • Data warehouses serve as a repository of information that is separate from the operating databases of the firm to support decision making across a number of functions in the firm – • LO# Data marts represent a slice of data from the data warehouse to meet a specific need Business intelligence uses computerbased techniques to accumulate and 9-20to the analyze data that might be helpful ... Web in a systematic way, collecting information 9- 6 LO# Process of Business Intelligence • • • LO# Gather information (either internal information, external information or both) from a variety... historical transactions, financial and non-financial 9- 17 How XBRL Works 9- 18 LO# LO# XBRL Summary • • XBRL serves as a means to electronically communicate business information to facilitate business... (SEC, IRS, etc.) and providing information to other interested parties such as financial analysts, loan officers and investors 9- 13 LO# Financial Reporting Using XBRL 9- 14 XBRL Terminology • • •