Agricultural development towards sustainability in the Red River Delta

The thesis was undertaken to build a scientific basis for the solution of agricultural development towards sustainability in the Red River Delta in Vietnam.

1 INTRODUCTION 1. Overview of the thesis Sustainable development is a common trend that mankind are  working   towards,   is   an   important   strategic   goal   that   the   Party,  Government and people of Vietnam are determined to do. Therefore,  sustainable   development   and   agricultural   development   towards  sustainability are a topic to be brought to exchange much discussion in  many workshops, an issue that a lot of domestic and foreign scientists  are interested in researching The   works  "Agricultural   development   towards   sustainability   in   the   Red   River   Delta"  is   been   interested   in  studying   and   cherished   by   the   author   during   the   learning,  working   and   participating   in   teaching   process;   this   is   a  significant issue in both theory and practice in our country in the  current period Works   focus   research   in   the   Red   River   Delta,   one   of   the  centers of political, economic, is the second largest granary of the  country,   have   an   important   role   in   ensuring   food   security   of   the  country. On this basis, author clearer interpretation basics of rural  sustainable way, contributing to the successful implementation of the  sustainable development strategy in Vietnam Works   presented   include   the   introduction,   overview   of  research issues with three chapters (nine periods). Content addressing  basic theoretical issues of rural development towards sustainability in  a territory; experience towards sustainable rural development in the  country; status and solutions towards sustainable rural development  in the Red River Delta. These issues are interpreted in the works; on  one   hand   they   are   the   successor   to   selectively   some   views   of  academics, work at home and abroad, on the other hand they are the  effort of the author under the direction of Assoc. Prof., Dr. Bui Ngoc  Quynh and consultation with local scientists The result of the study, the authors wanted to contribute my  small effort to solve one of the current pressing problems in the Red  River Delta, where the author has had many years to live and learn 2. Reasons for choosing the thesis topic Sustainable   development   has   become   requires   objective  necessity for all countries in the world today. In Vietnam, one year  development   perspective  XI   Congress   identified  in  the   strategy  of  economic   development   ­   society   period   2010   ­   2020   is   "agile  development   associated   with   sustainable   development,   sustainable   development   is   needs   throughout   the   strategy"   That   shows   that  sustainable development becomes  required, while the development  objectives of all sectors and all areas in our country today, RRD is  not out of this general trend In recent years, particularly since a resolution in the Eleventh  Party   Congress,   the   local   RRD   has   many   guidelines   and   measures  rapidly   developing   economic   sectors,   including   towards   sustainable  rural development. The growth rate of agriculture is gradually rising  continuously   for   many   years   Agricultural   development   has   been  accompanied   by   the   effective   exploitation   of   natural   resources,  reducing pollution, associated with the settlement of social issues such  as employment, economic restructuring, improve life citizens However, reality shows that agricultural development in RRD is  not really solid, no long­term strategy. The criteria towards sustainable  rural development have not achieved such as low quality of growth;  exploitation   of   natural   resources   in   service   in   many   local   Rural  ineffectively, even affecting the environment; Agricultural development  is not really tied to solving social problems. From the current situation of  agricultural development in RRD showed that many issues that need to  be resolved. How to develop rural towards sustainability in the Red  River Delta is the "concern" needed solution? Therefore,   the   study   clarified   the   issue:  "Agricultural   development towards sustainability in the Red River Delta" with  urgency on both the theory and practice 3. Research purpose and task  * Research purpose: The thesis was undertaken to build a scientific basis for the  solution of agricultural development towards sustainability in the Red  River Delta in Vietnam * Task: ­ Brief  general  theory of  agriculture,  rural  development  and  sustainable   development   Analysis   clarify   reasoning   towards  sustainable rural development; building central concept of the subject  and the evaluation criteria towards sustainable rural development. ­  Research   experience   towards   sustainable   development   and  sustainable rural development of some countries in the world, from  which to draw some lessons for the Red River Delta, Vietnam ­   Surveying   and   assessing   the   situation   towards   sustainable  rural development in the Red River Delta, Vietnam in the current  period. Only the cause and the Rural Issues in a sustainable way in  the Red River Delta ­ Propose basic views and main measures towards sustainable  rural development in the Red River Delta, Vietnam 4. Research object and scope ­  Research object: The object of the dissertation research is the development of  sustainable agriculture in the direction ­ Research scope: About content: Research thesis approaches the development of  sustainable agriculture in the Perspective of Political Economics About space: the dissertation research and development towards  sustainable agriculture on a specific location in the Red River Delta is  Vietnam with 11 provinces and cities   About time: Dissertation study period from 2004 to present (the  figures   given  focusing   on  the   period   from   2008  to   2014)   Propose  solutions for sustainable rural development in the direction of Vietnam  Red River Delta by 2020 and Vision 2030 5. Theoretical, practical basis and research method ­Theoretical basis:   The   dissertation   research   is   based   on   theoretical   basis   of  Marxism   ­   Leninism   and   Ho   Chi   Minh   ideology;   the   modern  economic theory of rural and sustainable development for analysis  and interpretation in the direction of sustainable rural development in  the Red River Delta ­ Practical basis:  The   thesis   is   based   on   a   factual   basis   for   sustainable   rural  development in the direction of some countries in the world and RRD  for research, survey and assessing the situation towards sustainable  rural development in the Red River Delta ­ Research method Thesis   using   general   method   is   the   method   of   dialectical  materialism and historical materialism; methods of analysis, synthesis,  statistics,   comparisons   and   expert   methods     Combining   qualitative  methods   and   quantitative   methods   to   compare   a   control   facility,  indicating the nature issues convincing. Applying these methods help  researchers approach, research and analysis of issues in relation to the  general and the mutual impact of the development process ensure the  scientific basis and objective of research problems Specific method is the method of scientific abstraction, as the  basis   for   the deployment  of   specialized  studies   political   economy.  This method helps fellows rid of random factors occurring during the  study to find out what the most common issues, focusing deeply on  the nature of the relationship, to study sustainable 6. New contributions of the thesis ­   Clarify   and   supplement   some   theoretical   issues   and   new  concepts,   the   factors   and   criteria   towards   sustainable   rural  development ­ Essential lessons towards sustainable rural development for  Vietnam Red River Delta from the experience of some countries in  the world ­   To   appreciate   the   situation   and   propose   perspectives   and  solutions primarily aimed towards sustainable rural development in  the Red River Delta 7. Theoretical, practical meanings of the thesis The research results of the thesis complement the theoretical  and   practical   experience   in   the   development   of   sustainable  agriculture in the direction of the Red River Delta. The thesis can  make   reference   in   teaching,   learning   some   subjects   content   block  economic activity, the environment and some other related subjects.  Also, scientists are suggestions to help managers build policies and  implement effective solutions towards sustainable rural development  in Vietnam's Red River Delta 8. Structure of the thesis The   thesis   includes   an   introduction,   an   overview   of   the  research   issue,   three   chapters,     periods,   conclusion,   list   of  scientific   papers   related   to   the   thesis   of   the   author,   lists   of  references and appendices OVERVIEW OF RESEARCH SITUATION RELATED TO  THE THESIS TOPIC 1. Foreign researches related to the topic  * The typical works related to sustainable development These include the following research projects: John Blewitt in  "Learning   about   sustainable   development".  Brundtland   Report   in  1987, the Earth Summit 1992 in Rio de Janiero, 1997 (Rio + 5), Peter  P. Rogers, and John A. Kazi Jalal F. Boyd co­author of the book  "Introduction to sustainable development ". Simon Bell and Stephen  Morse in "Qualitative indicators of sustainable development". Simon  Dresner in  "The principles of sustainable development". The book  "Sustainable   world   definitions   and   indicators   for   sustainable   development"  by Thaddeus C. Trzyna. Dalal ­ Clayton and Stephen  Bass is co­author of the book "Sustainable Development Strategy" *  The works related to aspects of agricultural development   towards sustainability Mohamed   Benassi,   Shabbir   A   Shahid,   in   his   book  "Sustainable   Agricultural   Development"   Dinesh   Kumar,   MVK  Sivamohan, Nitin Bassi coauthor of the book "Water management,  food   security   and   sustainable   agriculture   in   the   developing  economies." The authors Bellon, Stephane, Penvern, Servane write  the   book   "Organic   Farming,   models   for   sustainable   agriculture."  Abdul   Malik,   Grohmann,   Elisabeth   is   the   author   of   "Strategic  environmental protection for sustainable development". The authors  Bouman, Jansen, Schipper, H  Hengsdijk,  A. Nieuwenhuyse wrote  the   book   "approach   to   developing   systems   for   sustainable  agriculture"   Furusawa   Koyu   author   wrote   the   book   "Towards   a  social   civilization   and   sustainability:   ecological   civilization  perspective from Japanese society." 2. Domestic researches related to the topic   * The typical works related to the Red River Delta Ha Huy Thanh as the head of the project "Some key measures   to   raise   awareness   about   the   environment   by   farmers   to   develop   sustainable   ecological   agriculture   in   the   northern   delta   region   in   2011­2020"  Nguyen   Trong   Xuan   chairs   the   theme  "Scientific   foundations contributing to adjust the strategy development of the   Red River  delta sustainability principle  Author Vu Thi  Hoai Thu  researches  "Sustainable Livelihoods coastal areas of the Red River   Delta  in  the  context   of   climate  change:   Case   study   in  Nam   Dinh   province."  Do Duc Quan Chairman of the topic  "Sustainable Rural   Development North Delta during the construction and development   of industrial parks: Reality and Solutions" *   The   typical   projects   related   to   agricultural   development   and sustainable development Luu   Bach   Dung   editor   of   the   book  "The   institutional   framework   for   sustainable   development   some   Southeast   Asian   countries and lessons for Vietnam"  Ha Huy Thanh, Nguyen Ngoc  Khanh   co­authored   the   book  "Sustainable   Development:   from   concept to action"  Author Nguyen Minh Thu  "Study on statistical   evaluation of sustainable development in Vietnam". Pham Xuan Nam  wrote  "The   philosophy   developed   in   Vietnam   a   few   key   issues."   Author   Bui   Duc   Hung  "Some   basics   on   Sustainable   Development   South  Central   Coast."  Dinh   Van   An  author   wrote   the   book  "The   concept   and   practice   of   economic   development   ­   society   faster,   sustainable and high quality in Vietnam"  Nguyen Dinh Hoe author  of  "Environment and sustainable development"  VIE/01/021  project  "Supporting   the   development   and   implementation   of   Agenda   21   countries   of   Vietnam"  Government   of   the   Socialist   Republic   of  Vietnam  "Strategic   Orientation   for   Sustainable   Development   in   Vietnam"  Author   Le   Anh   Vu   Chairman   of   the   ministerial­level  project  "Effects of economic growth to sustainable development of   society   in   the   northern   coastal   province   period   2012   ­   2020   and   vision  to  2030"  Nguyen  Ngoc Khanh  wrote  the   book  "The  basic  problem of the environment and sustainable development of Central   region in 2011­2020" *   The   works   related   to   the   size   and   quality   of   growth   in   agriculture    Ngo   Thi   Tuyet   Mai   editor   of   the   book  "Sustainable  development   of   agricultural   products   of   Vietnam   exported   in   the   current   conditions"  Pham   Thi   Khanh   author   wrote   the   book  "To   restructure   the   economy   towards   sustainable   development   in   Vietnam"  Nguyen   Duc   Khien   author   of   the   book  "Man   and  sustainable development issues in Vietnam". Via eleven chapters, the  author replied to the question what to do for the Agenda to become a  reality? * The researches related to environmental and social aspects   in agricultural development Truong Quang Hoc write the book "Vietnam natural environment  and   sustainable   development"  Author   Pham   Binh   Quyen   edits   the  curriculum  "agricultural   ecosystems   and   sustainable   development"   Truong Quang Hoc author of "Environmental protection and sustainable  development   in   Vietnam"  Ministry   of   Natural   Resources   and   the  Environment "Environmental Report 2010 National". Ministry of Natural  Resources   and   Environment  "report   assessing   the   current   state   of   economic development ­ social and environmental issues in order to build   environmental protection projects key economic region of Tonkin. Author  Nguyen Thanh Hai with the research "Agricultural development midland  provinces in northern Vietnam in a sustainable way."  Generalizing   results   of   the   published   scientific   works  and issues that the thesis focuses on solving We can say the authors at home and abroad have been many  studies on the angle and the range of different approaches. Although  the works have various object and scope of studies, most of them have  scientific approach, quite successfully, to avoid duplication and mold However,   due to the scope of  the study,   most  of  the  major  research  projects   on  sustainable  development   in  general;   Research  the position and role, the necessity of sustainable development, build  content   and   criteria   for   sustainable   development   Some   work   has  clarified the relationship with the field of sustainable development of  economic life, other societies. While there are some studies on RRD,  reflecting some aspect of the object and scope of the thesis research  but did not go into specific research in the field of agriculture. On the  other   hand,     not   have   any   projects   focused   on   the   economic  territory as RRD important in terms of political Economics. There is  no works that mention the views and solutions towards sustainable  rural development in the Red River Delta. The projects focus on the  three pillars of sustainable development in economic, environmental  and social. No one works to address the issue of sustainability into  social and sustainable development combined with the consolidation  of defense ­ security, contribute to building a solid defense area So the question should continue to solve, is the contribution of  the dissertation without overlapping with research projects have been  published Chapter 1 AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT TOWARDS SUSTAINABILITY THEORETICAL ISSUES AND INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE 1.1 General   theory   of   agriculture   and   agricultural  development   1.1.1. Agriculture * Concept on agriculture In   the   historical   development   of   human   society,   production  agriculture is historically the oldest development. So agriculture is  often referred to as a traditional economic sector, have an important  role, to produce food, feed people food, as raw materials for industry  and for export goods. Today, science and technology development,  people applying machinery to replace labor and invented many other  products. However, there are not any professions that could provide  food and substitutes for agriculture. Human society grows, the needs  of people increasing the role of agriculture has been confirmed. Now  there are many different conceptions of agriculture, but fundamental  research is consistent with the concept: Agriculture is the basic material production of society, in the  narrow sense includes crop and livestock production, understood in a  broad sense, including agriculture, forestry and fisheries * The role of agriculture Agriculture has an important role in providing food, food for  human consumption, guaranteed source of raw materials for industry,  services and involved in exporting. At the same time, agriculture is the  largest   consumer   market   of   industrial   products   and   services.  Agriculture directly involved in maintaining the ecological  balance,  protect natural resources and the environment. Agriculture is the area  10 provides abundant human resources for other areas of social activities,  contributing an important role building a solid defense area * Features of agriculture  From   practical   agricultural   development,   studies   show   that  agriculture has the following characteristics: Agricultural production is  seasonal high; Land is the main means of production in agriculture;  object of agricultural production is a living organism, plant and animal;  Agricultural production is conducted in large areas, regional crisp and  direct impact to economic stability ­ society 1.1.2. Agricultural development Agricultural   development   is   understood   as   the   process   of  change   of   agriculture   in   this   period   compared   with   the   previous  periods and often achieved at a higher level in terms of both quality  and quantity. Agricultural development is a material production with  output stability, diversity of types, suitable structure, better adapted  organizations and institutions, to better satisfy the needs of people  related to agriculture 1.2.  Agricultural   development   towards   sustainability:  concepts, criteria and factors that influence 1.2.1   The   concept   of   agricultural   development   towards   sustainability In  recent   years,   some  research  work  on  the   concept   of   rural  development in a sustainable way, such as: Organization   of   food   and   agriculture   of   the   United   Nations  (FAO)   to   discuss   sustainable   rural   development   (1992)   definition:  sustainable   agricultural   development   is   the   management   and  conservation, change organizational practices and techniques ensuring  satisfy the growing needs of people both for the present and future  generations. Such development of agriculture (including forestry and  fishery)   will   ensure   no   damage   to   the   environment,   resource  degradation,   appropriate   techniques   and   technology,   economic  efficiency and be socially acceptable According   to  the   Technical   Committee   of   FAO,   sustainable  agriculture involves the effective management of resources to meet  13 Israel. Agriculture can be said Israel was positive support from scientists,  agricultural produce qualified high technology 1.3.1.3. The experience of Japan After   World   War   II,   Japan   advocated   restoring   agricultural  production in a sustainable way by promoting intensive processing,  enhancing the value of agricultural products; building cooperatives  on   the   basis   of   the   village   community;   build   organic   agriculture.  Featuring the Japanese agricultural farms formed on the basis of the  village, the family created the strong links in the production 1.3.1.4. Experience of Thailand Thailand   is   a   country   with   natural   conditions   similar   to  Vietnam. To Rural Thailand towards sustainability policy advocates  use permit agricultural support; application of advanced science and  technology   in   agricultural   production;   Urban   Development   green  agriculture,   agricultural   development   associated   with   the  development of tourism and other service sectors 1.3.1.5. Experience of China China   implemented   a   national   program   for   agricultural  development towards sustainability and rural development towards  modernization. The three programs are the Chinese government put  out:   Program   flame,   harvest   program,   program   to   help   the   poor.  Simultaneously, the government actively addresses social issues in  agricultural development 1.3.2   Lessons   on   agricultural   development   towards   sustainability for the Red River delta Vietnam Research   achievements   and   experience   Rural   Rural  sustainable way some countries of the world, see the panorama that  the country has achieved. If Israel's agriculture exemplary model of  farming   in   natural   conditions   are   unfavorable;   the   success   of  Netherlands  agriculture   is   based   on   comparative   advantages;  Japanese   agriculture   took   the   trouble   of   internal   resources   and  agriculture in Thailand, China is overcome ourselves. Look at the  experience of other countries can draw some lessons following: ­ First of all, it should uphold the human factor in agriculture  development   towards   sustainability   Man   has   always   been   an  important   factor   is   the   motivation   and   the   main   resource   for  agricultural   development   towards   sustainability   Therefore,  14 strengthen   education   to   raise   awareness   of   the   whole   population,  turning   awareness   into   concrete   action   to   implement   strategies  towards sustainable rural development  ­ Developing a sustainable agriculture in association with the  protection   of   environmental   sustainability   Medicines   and   plant  protection chemicals is often highly toxic, so the downside of plant  protection products is very harmful to public health and is an object  of   high   risk   of   environmental   pollutants   Ecological   So   resolve  harmonize   agricultural   production   with   the   protection   of   public  health   and   the   environment   is   a   major   challenge   for   rural  development in a sustainable way ­ The  application of  science  and  technology in  agriculture,  to  enhance   the   productivity   and   efficiency   of   production   Agricultural  success of the multi­country study on the great role of scientists as they  create products of good quality fruit, high yield, are the practical lessons  for Rural Development towards sustainability in our country today    ­   Coordinate   linkages   between   stakeholders   in   agricultural  production in a sustainable way. More noteworthy is the lesson link  in   the   (State,   Scientist   ­   Property   Management   ­   Consultants   and  Farmers) of country Israel ­   Enhance   the   role   of   State   management   for   agricultural  development towards sustainability The experience of other countries would be useful lessons for  developing agriculture RRD towards sustainability Chapter 2 ACTUAL SITUATION OF AGRICULTURAL  DEVELOPMENT TOWARDS SUSTAINABILITY IN THE  RED RIVER DELTA 2.1. An overview of the location, natural conditions, economic  ­   social   and   mechanisms   and   policies   affecting   agricultural  development towards sustainability in the Red River Delta 2.1.1. Geographical location of the Red River Delta RRD is the center of politics, economy, culture and science  and technology in the country. Currently and in the future, RRD has  special   strategic   position   all   important   economic,   political   and  15 defense   ­   security   Therefore,   agricultural   development   towards  sustainability in RRD create spillovers to the territory of the country 2.1.2. Natural conditions, economic ­ of the social impact of   agricultural development towards sustainability * Natural condition RRD frequently silt by the river system of the Red River and  the Pacific, creating a fertile land, vast. Agricultural land area of the  region   is   about   70   thousand   hectares,   accounting   for   56%   of   the  natural  area  In  particular,  the fertile soils   of   moderate   and  above  70%,   especially   in   the   area   surrounding   urban   areas,   big   cities,  industrial areas generate high economic value per unit of area * Economic conditions The   economic   structure   of   RRD   includes   industrial,  agricultural   and   service   With   22%   of   the   national   population,   in  2010 the region contributed 26.6% 87 410 billion in GDP. Currently,  the   structure   of   the   industry   have   changed   slightly   the   downside  value of agriculture,  forestry,  fisheries,  manufacturing value­added  industries and services * Social conditions Red River Delta region has the perfect infrastructure in the  country, high population density, about 22% of the population of  the country. Hanoi is the center of the Red River with synchronous  communication system capable of connecting with the region across  the country. Hai Phong port city and the coastal port in the region is  an   important   gateway   for   merchandise   trade   with   agricultural  markets in the world 2.1.3. Mechanisms and policies for agricultural development   of the Red River delta towards sustainability * General mechanism policy Decision   No   153/2004   /   QD­TTg   dated   17/08/2004   of   the   Prime   Minister   promulgating   the   Strategic   Orientation   for   Sustainable Development in Vietnam (Agenda 21 of Vietnam)  Decision No 124 / QD­TTg, dated 02 May 02 2012 by the   Prime   Minister,   to   approve   the   master   plan   on   development   of   agricultural production by 2020 and vision for 2030 16  Decision   No   432   /   QD­TTg   of   the   Prime   Minister,   dated   12/4/2012 Vietnam Sustainable Development Strategy for the period   2011­2020 Decision No. 1206 / QD­TTg dated 02/9/2012 of the Prime   Minister, on the approval of the national target program on pollution   and environmental improvement period 2012­2015 Decision  No   899   /   QD­TTg   dated  06/10/2013   of   the   Prime   Minister, to approve the scheme restructuring the agricultural sector   towards higher added value and sustainable development Decision   No   575   /   QD­TTg   dated   05/04/2014,   the   Prime   Minister,   on   the   approval   and   the   overall   planning   area   and   agricultural area high­tech applications to 2020 and orientations to   2030 The privacy policy of the Red River Delta    Decision   No   191/2006   /   QD­TTg   of   August   17,   2006,  promulgating the action program of the Government to implement  Resolution  No   54­NQ   /   TW   September   14,   2005   of   the   Political  Bureau economic development ­ ensuring social and defense ­ RRD  security until 2010 and orientations to 2020   Decision No. 795 / QD­TTg of the Prime Minister dated 23  May   05   2013   on   approving   the   master   plan   on   economic  development ­ society RRD 2020 Decision   No   228   /   QD­TTg   on   Plan   implementation  Conclusion 13­KL / TW October 28, 2011 of the Politburo on the  continued   implementation   of   Resolution   No   54­NQ   /   TW  September   14  2005   of   the   Politburo   on   economic   development   ­  society and ensuring national defense and security RRD 2010 and  orientations to 2020    Decision  No   1554  /   QD­TTg   on  "Irrigation  approve   the   planning stage RRD from 2012 to 2020 and orientations towards   2050 in the context of climate change and sea level rise." 2.2. Assessment of the status of agricultural development  towards sustainability in the Red River Delta 2.2.1. The sides achieved mainly in agricultural development   towards sustainability in the Red River Delta 17 2.2.1.1   The   trend   of   economic   restructuring   in   agriculture   increasingly more relevant in the economic structure of the region,   contributing   significantly   to   the   economic   development   of   regions   and provinces in the country Restructuring agriculture increasingly more relevant in it. The  structure   within   the   agricultural   sector   more   positive   changes.  Structure of distribution territories increasingly reasonable. Structure  of economic sectors are increasingly diverse    Years   ago,   RRD   food   crops   is   essential,   but   the   current  structure   is   quite  diverse   agriculture  including   crop,   livestock  and  fisheries. Currently, the provinces in the region are striving to reduce  the proportion of cultivation and increase livestock and fisheries, the  private sector, reduce the proportion of arable food crops, increasing  the proportion of cash crops and food crops 2.2.1.2. Agricultural production in the region has stable growth,   the quality of growth is increasingly solid, important contributions to   the growth of the national agriculture Productivity   and   agricultural   value   increase   rapidly,  contributing   significantly   to   the   economic   growth   of   the   country  and for export. Cultivation, breeding industry gradually developed  towards commercial production. The forestry sector is the growth in  the agricultural structure. The fisheries sector is being encouraged  industry development Figure 2.1. Compare production and area over the years of RRD 2.2.1.3   Agricultural   development   in   a   sustainable   way   and   contribute to ensuring food security and improving the material life, the   spirit of the people in the region 18   Agricultural   growth   contributes   to   increased   capital  accumulation   in   the   household   Agricultural   development   towards  sustainability in RRD played an important role in creating jobs and  improving   the   lives   of   the   People   The   poverty   rate   of   poor  households dropped significantly. Investment in health and education  is increasing. The quality of human resources is increasingly being  raised. Thanks to agricultural development in a sustainable way that  infrastructure systems increasingly more uniform Figure 2.2. Spending on health care, education at the average  RRD 1 year 2.2.1.4. Rural environment is increasingly interested Rural   Environment   gradually   interested   protect,   recover   and  grow. The water quality of major rivers in the area are good. The  activities of domestic waste collection in many local areas of interest.  Environmental quality in the area of  agricultural production, the air  environment significantly improved. The forest area is increasing and  the   dramatic   changes   the   structure   of   forest   types:   forest  conservation,   environmental   protection   and   the   biosphere,   forest  critical   headwater   and   coastal,   forest   ecosystem   restoration   The  water quality of major rivers in the region, such as the Red River,  Duong, Thai Binh river, is generally good. The activities of domestic  waste   collection   in   many   local   areas   of   interest   Environmental  quality  in  the  area  of  agricultural   production,   the   air   environment  significantly improved 2.2.2   Limitations   in   the   development   of   sustainable   agriculture towards the Red River Delta 19 Agricultural   production   is   still   fragmented,   small,   slow  innovation,   application   and   transfer   and   application   of   scientific  achievements 100% 80% D ưới 0.2 60% 0.2 đ ến 0.5 40% 0.5 đ ến 20% đ ến 0% C ả n ước ĐBSH TDMNPB TN ĐNB ĐBSCL Trên   Figure 2.3. The structure of farming land use RRD 2011 2.3   The   cause   of   the   limitations   and   problems   posed   in  agricultural development in a sustainable way in the Red River Delta Besides these achievements, agriculture RRD emerging growth  unsustainable. To Rural sustainable manner, it should be pointed out  limitations, which analysts find the underlying causes, producing thrust  for development 2.3.1. The cause of the restriction * Subjective reasons A   division   insufficient   awareness   about   the   requirements  towards sustainable rural development, leading to policies proposed  are not feasible. The policy, legal mechanisms and policies towards  sustainable rural development is not consistent, not comprehensive  and lacks long­term planning. Developing and implementing plans of  all levels in some localities have not really effective  * Objective reasons  Agriculture   RRD   low   base,   fragmented   farming,   retail,  agricultural production is backward, the process was slow innovation.  Agricultural development towards sustainability in RRD influenced  the course of climate change 2.3.2. The problems posed by the current situation of agricultural   development towards sustainability in the Red River delta Vietnam 20 First,  the need to resolve the contradiction between the policy  towards sustainable rural development with insufficient awareness of  the   forces   in   the   direction   of   sustainable   rural   development   in   the  current   RRD   Because,   issue   decisions   to   the   success   or   failure   of  sustainable rural development in the direction of first posed RRD is to  raise awareness of the people and the forces involved Second,  resolve   conflicts   between   high   requirements   on   the  synchronous collaboration, comprehensive development stakeholders  in agriculture towards sustainability with the lack and uniformity of  system  mechanisms  and operating  policies  and  coordination  among  various   forces   and   local   Solve   problems   necessarily   need   the  coordination of these agencies in the proposed guidelines, policies and  development planning agricultural areas reasonable, accurate forecasts  on the market for farming guide. Coordinating entity based mechanism  system, policies logical operator between the local forces Third,  to   solve   the   contradiction   between   increasing  requirements in terms of productivity, quality of agricultural products  and   agricultural   land   is   declining,   production   status   fragmented,  small scale and quality of human resources not satisfied agricultural  production needs. First it is necessary to apply modern production  methods, especially synchronous application of irrigation problems,  mechanization, electrification, chemical and biological properties of  chemicals in the manufacturing process. To do this, the construction  of   infrastructure,   engineering   and   land   concentration,   developing  farms decisive role Fourth,  to resolve conflicts between the increasing demand for  quality   agricultural   products   with   the   ability   to   ensure   safety   of  agricultural   products   and   ensuring   environmental   sustainability   It   is  guaranteed   the   purity   of   air,   water,   land,   geographical   space   and  landscape. The quality of these factors should always be taken seriously  and evaluated regularly inspected according to prescribed standards Fifth, the need to resolve the conflict between the agricultural  restructuring   to   solve   social   problems   and   build   a   strong   defense  sector   The   policy   of   our   Party   is,   every   step   of   economic  development associated with the gradual strengthening of defense ­  security and build solid defense sector Chapter 3 21 OPINIONS AND MAJOR SOLUTIONS TO PROMOTE  AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT TOWARDS  SUSTAINABILITY IN THE RED RIVER DELTA 3.1. Forecasting the international context and the impact  on developing country agriculture towards sustainability in the  Red River Delta 3.1.1. Forecast International Context, 2030 The   trend   of   globalization   and   international   economic  integration   deeper   Scientific   revolution   and   modern   technology   is  going strong   strong impact towards sustainable rural development  3.1.2. Domestic Context Sustainable development and sustainable rural development in  the   Party   and   State's   special   attention   Vietnam   has   gained  remarkable achievements. However, there are many challenges that  exist or arise, a stable macro economy unstable. Vietnam is predicted  to be one of the 5 countries in the world most heavily affected by  climate change 3.2   Viewpoint   agricultural   development   towards  sustainability in the Red River Delta 3.2.1. Agricultural development in a sustainable way in the   Red River Delta to be implemented synchronously, consistent with   the specific goal clear in each period Firstly,  the agricultural   development  towards  sustainability in  RRD   must  be  implemented  simultaneously   Second,  guidelines  and  policies consistent, appropriate to the situation and characteristics of  the region. Third, implement the strategic objectives on the surface but  in sync with focus, focus, according to the roadmap, appropriate steps.  Initially,   focus   on   building   a   legal   framework   and   regulations,  guidelines and institutions have to take one step forward 3.2.2. Agricultural development in a sustainable way in the   Red River delta is both urgent and long­term mission Viewpoints on the need to implement the basic requirements  such as identifying the correct position, the role and importance in  the direction of sustainable rural development, from which there is in  an expeditious and timely manner of all sectors, at all levels and the  22 whole   society   with   the   highest   determination   Recognizing   Rural  sustainable way not only for today but also for tomorrow. The future  generations will pay dearly if now we are irresponsible with their  jobs 3.2.3. Agricultural development in a sustainable way in the   Red   River   Delta   region   must   be   linked   to   the   development   of   human   resources,   technological   innovation   and   manufacturing   management Abundant human resources, there is also the advantage degree  of   RRD   compared   to   other   regions   across   the   country   Firstly,  priority   RRD   development   of   human   resources   a   step   ahead   In  particular,   the   development   of   human   resources   in   both   physical,  mental   and   moral   qualities   and   experience   of   the   employees   live,  build a team of high­quality human resources medium pink, medium  specialized, skilled in agriculture and ethically sustainable farming 3.2.4. Agricultural development in a sustainable way in the   Red River delta must be based on powerful innovation model of   agricultural production First,   the   system   should   improve   the   policy,   legal   basis  oriented   towards   sustainable   rural   development   Second,   capacity  planning,   forecasting,   monitoring   of   climate   change   in   order   to  promote  production  efficiency,   the   prevention  of   natural   disasters,  storms, floods   Third, promote research, transfer and application of  science   and   technology   Focus   resources   to   invest   in   research,  addressing the urgent issues important service towards the goal of  sustainable rural development 3.2.5. Agricultural development in a sustainable way in the   Red River Delta is the responsibility of the political system and   the entire people of the region First,   leadership   capacity   building   of   institutions,   social  organizations in the region. Second, to promote the role of farmers  participating   towards   sustainable   rural   development   Third,  mobilizing   the   participation,   in   the   mass   organizations   of   the  implementation   of   the   strategy   towards   sustainable   rural  development 23 3.3   Solutions   primarily   agricultural   development  towards sustainability in the Red River Delta 3.3.1. Group general solution ­   Raising   awareness   of   stakeholders   in   the   development  process toward sustainable agriculture in the Red River Delta ­ Completing the legal basis, policy synchronization system,  consistent with agricultural development in a sustainable way in  the   Red   River   delta   One,   finishing   farmland   policy   Second,  quality management  policies  and safety of agricultural  products.  Thirdly,   innovation   and   gradually   improved   planning   Fourth,  policies to support credit and technical science ­   Linking   the   provinces   (cities)   within   and   outside   the  region contribute to the development of sustainable agriculture in  the   direction   associated   with   the   regional   regional   construction  firm defense ­ Agricultural development towards sustainability is always  connected with the requirements of security and defense ­ security  and build solid defense sector 3.3.2   Group   solutions   to   improve   productivity,   quality   and   efficiency of agricultural development towards sustainability in the Red   River Delta ­ Restructuring of agriculture to improve productivity, quality  and   efficiency   of   agricultural   development   towards   sustainability.  Firstly,   economic   restructuring   towards   sustainable   agriculture  generate   steady   growth   Second,   the   economic   restructuring   in  agriculture   ensure   environmental   sustainability   on   the   basis   of  economical use and efficiency of resources. Third, the restructuring  of agriculture contributes to social stability, improve people's lives ­   Promote   the   transfer   and   application   of   scientific   and  technical   achievements   and   agricultural   production   towards  environmental friendliness. First, increased investment in research in  the field of agriculture. Second, the reorganization of the system of  research,   technology   transfer   in   agriculture   and   farmers   Thirdly,  strengthening   and   capacity   building   centers   of   applied   research,  production   and   transfer   of   science   and   technology   of   agriculture.  Fourth,   the   combination   link   5:   State   ­   scientists   ­   consultants   ­  entrepreneurs and farmers. Fifth, implement state management in the  field of manufacturing 24 ­   Enhance   the   training,   attracting   human   resources   to   serve  agricultural development towards sustainability in the Red River delta.  First, complete the training policies of human resources, aims to train  skilled farmers. Second, continued innovation policy mechanism using  human resources in the field of agriculture ­   Development   of   agricultural   markets,   promote   international  integration in agriculture. First, the development of agricultural markets.  Second,   promote   international   integration   in   agriculture   In   the  immediate future, to boost production of commodities that RRD has  high competitiveness  on the international  market  such as  rice,  meat,  poultry, poultry, aquatic products, vegetables, fruits, silk. At the same  time,  promoting regional  advantages, there is  a strategic branding is  entitled to agricultural products in the region become a strong brand 3.3.3. Group solutions to ensure environmentally sustainable   development in agriculture in the Red River Delta ­   Maintaining   agricultural   biodiversity   First,   investigate,  determine   the   areas   with   natural   ecosystems   important,   sensitive,  vulnerable,   degraded   to   plan   protection   and   restoration   as   riparian,  coastal and forest ­   Development   of   sustainable   agriculture   in   the   direction  associated with the conservation and development of natural resources.  To   overcome   these   limitations   need   to   find   ways   to   use   resources  efficiently: Firstly, the use of rational, sustainable and anti­degradation  of   land   resources   Second,   develop   and   implement   environmental  projects and sustainable use of water resources. Thirdly, protection of  primary forests, afforestation accelerate forest cover area ­   Thoroughly   treat   waste   products   emitted   from   agricultural  activities  Promote  national   target   program   on the  development  of  biogas, accompanied by policies to support credit to households and  breeding   base   for   construction   of   biogas   plants   Replication   of  livestock   waste   Planting   perennials   and   trees,   fertilizing   the   right  time helps to better absorption 3.3.4   Group   solutions   to   ensure   social   sustainability   of   agricultural development in the Red River Delta ­ To create more jobs, improve income workers. Upgrading of  the farmers so that they can receive the agricultural model of high  technology. Initially, implementation of the forms of intercropping,  crop raising, arable combine short­term crops with perennial plants.  25 In the long term, restructuring crops and livestock suitable to the soil  and the needs of consumers' tastes ­   Develop   synchronized   economic   infrastructure   ­   social  service   of   agricultural   development   towards   sustainability   Which  should   focus   on   the   content:   First,   develop   service   infrastructure  development   towards   sustainable   agriculture   Second,   build  infrastructure,   rural   cultural   institutions   Third,   improve   health  services, improving the quality of health care community ­ Continue to promote the alleviation of poverty, improving the  material  and  spiritual  life  for  farmers.  Thereby,  the  farmers  really  benefit the fruits of labor CONCLUSION Agricultural   development   towards   sustainability   in   RRD's  objective requirements is a major policy of the Party and State. The  Red   River   Delta   is   the   rice   bowl   of   the   country   Monday,   has  positioned key role contributing to economic development ­ stable  social and national food security. Therefore, in Red River Delta Rural  become   urgent   demands,   as   necessary   direction   simultaneously  imbued   with   profound   humanism   contribute   greatly   to   the  implementation   of   the   strategy   of   sustainable   development   in   our  country at present stage Goals of agricultural development in a sustainable way in the  RRD maintain growth and a higher quality of agricultural products,  limiting   the   negative   impact   on   the   environment,   build   social  stability, improving the lives of farmers. The criteria for assessing the  Rural   Development   towards   sustainability   include   criteria   for  assessing   the   sustainability   of   efficient   economic   restructuring  towards sustainable agriculture (indicators measuring the economic  structure of agriculture by industry, regions and economic sectors),  the sustainability criteria of economic, environmental and social RRD can learn the lessons of successful experience in rural  development in a sustainable way from the developed countries such  26 as   Japan,   the   Netherlands,   Israel,   and   developing   countries   like  China, Thailand, that is: should uphold human factors in agricultural  development   towards   sustainability,   because   man   is   the   deciding  factor of the production process. Agricultural development towards  sustainability   must   be   linked   to   sustainable   protection   of   the  environment. Also for Sustainable Rural Development towards the  Red   River   Delta   provinces   should   quickly   apply   science   and  technology to agriculture. Coordinate linkages between stakeholders  in   agricultural   production,   and   enhancing   the   role   of   State  management,   aims   to   fully   implement   its   commitments   in   the  strategy of sustainable development in Vietnam Years ago, the pressure of increasing agricultural production  and environmental issues in society RRD not paid adequate attention.  In  recent   years,   RRD   has   been   promoting   rural   development   in   a  sustainable   way   The   agricultural   structure   more   appropriate,  contribute   to   improving   the   productivity   and   value   of   agricultural  products. Agricultural production in the region has stable growth, the  quality of growth is increasingly solid, important contributions to the  growth of the country; rural environment is increasingly interested.  Social issues have positive changes, people's living standards rising However, the sustainability of rural development in the Red  River Delta is not really clear. To compare with the strategic goal of  sustainable development in some aspects not achieved, the economic  restructuring of the industry itself is slow, the quality of growth tends  to reduce some recent years. In particular the issues of job creation,  preserve   the   ecological   environment   seriously   affected.  Environmental   pollution   in   many   parts   of   the   region,   pesticide  residues   in   agricultural   existence   has   become   a   matter   of   social  alarm,   serious   impact   on   the   health   of   consumers   Meanwhile,  economic   institutions   in   the   region   is   not   complete,   the   scientific  level,   technology   and   quality   service   human   resources   towards  27 sustainable rural development is limited, requiring local governments  in the region should quickly timely quick solutions To ensure sustainable rural development in the direction of the  current RRD should grasp the advantages and difficulties affecting  the process towards sustainable rural development. Firmly views, on  that   basis   implement   solutions   synchronize   groups,   which   should  focus on raising awareness of the subject, completing the regulatory  environment,   strengthen   regional   links,   enhance   sustainable   yield,  quality   and   efficiency   of   agricultural   production   associated   with  environmental protection and ecological solve social problems ... 2.2. Assessment of the status of agricultural development towards sustainability in the Red River Delta 2.2.1. The sides achieved mainly in agricultural development   towards sustainability in the Red River Delta 17 2.2.1.1   The   trend   of... AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT TOWARDS SUSTAINABILITY IN THE RED RIVER DELTA 3.1. Forecasting the international context and the impact  on developing country agriculture towards sustainability in the Red River Delta 3.1.1. Forecast International Context, 2030... climate change 3.2   Viewpoint   agricultural   development   towards sustainability in the Red River Delta 3.2.1. Agricultural development in a sustainable way in the   Red River Delta to be implemented synchronously, consistent with