The current depression situation of public high school students in Danang city

To determine the prevalence of depression disturbances and factors related to depression of 457 high school students in Danang City. Methods: Cross-sectional study and using DASS 42 scale. Results: The incidence of depression among high school students in Danang was 40.9%, including mild, moderate, severe and very severe levels (14.0%, 13.1% and 13.8%, respectively). Friends and living conditions, family conflicts, isolation of friends, study pressures, self-targeting, feelings of inferior to friends and using alcohol are all related to depression (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The incidence of depression among students for factors as family and school causes is alarming. There is a need to establish free mental health counseling centers to support specialized psychological knowledge for teachers and parents.

THE CURRENT DEPRESSION SITUATION OF PUBLIC HIGH

SCHOOL STUDENTS IN DANANG CITY

Nguyen Thi My Anh 1 ; Tong Thi Luyen 2 ; Truong Ngoc Tai 1 Huynh Minh Giang 1 ; Phan Thi Hoang Oanh 1

SUMMARY

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of depression disturbances and factors related to

depression of 457 high school students in Danang City Methods: Cross-sectional study and

using DASS 42 scale Results: The incidence of depression among high school students in Danang was 40.9%, including mild, moderate, severe and very severe levels (14.0%, 13.1% and 13.8%, respectively) Friends and living conditions, family conflicts, isolation of friends, study pressures, self-targeting, feelings of inferior to friends and using alcohol are all related to depression (p < 0.05) Conclusion: The incidence of depression among students for factors as family and school causes is alarming There is a need to establish free mental health counseling centers to support specialized psychological knowledge for teachers and parents

* Keywords: Depression; Students; Public high school

INTRODUCTION

Severe depressive disorder will lead to

some actions such as suicide, self-harm

and alcohol/drug abuse, ranking among

the top 10 causes of the current burden of

disease in today's world It is estimated

that around 350 million people in various

age groups all over the world suffer from

depression [2] In Asia-Pacific countries,

according to Chiu E (2004), the average

percentage of depression was 3.7%,

much lower than in other regions of the

world [10]

In Vietnam, the percentage of depression

among children has icreased and it has

affected their education and life Therefore,

the authors did the research on “Depressive

disorders of students in public high schools

in Danang City” with two aims: To determine

evidence of depressive disorder among

students and find out factors related to depression among students

SUBJECTS AND METHODS

Subjects

* Study subjects: Students in 7 public

high schools in Danang City

* Selection criteria: Voluntarily agree to

participate Attend class at the interview time

* Exclusion criteria: No co-operation

Insufficient answers in the questionnaire, been examined and diagnosed with depression

1 Univerrsity of Medicine Technology and Pharmacy

2 Danang Psychiatric Hospital

Corresponding author: Nguyen Thi My Anh (nephuong2007@gmail.com)

Date received: 20/12/2018

Date accepted: 18/01/2019

2 Methods

- Use the descriptive cross-sectional

study method

* Sample size design: The research

sample size was calculated according to

the formula

p: Percentage of depression, according

to research by Le Minh Thuan [4], p = 0.24;

d: 0.04 Substitute into the formula, we

had 437 samples Plusing 10% of the

sample was incorrect or not participation,

we got a sample size of 480 In fact, we

obtained 457 samples

* Sampling method: Four-stage cluster

sampling

* Research tool: Use DASS 42

* Time and place of study: From 10 -

2017 to 10 - 2018 in 7 public high schools

in Danang City

* Data processing: Use EPIDATA software

to enter data and use SPSS 22.0

* Research ethics:

Students were given a clear explanation

of the purpose of the study, willing to participate and guaranteed confidentiality when participating in research They would refuse if they didn't not want to answer the research questions

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

1 Incidence of depressive disorders and severity of depression

59.1 % 40.9 %

No Depression

Chart 1: Incidence of depressive disorders of public high school students

The study showed that the percentage of students suffering from depression was (40.9%) lower than the results of depression study by Do Bich Ngoc (60.8%), Nguyen Thi Huong (49.5%), higher than the study by Do Dinh Quyen (39.6%), Nguyen Truong Vien (29.2%), Tran Quynh Anh (38.9%) [1, 4, 5, 6, 8]

13.1%

13.8%

12.6

12.8

13

13.2

13.4

13.6

13.8

14

Severity of depression

Chart 2: Specific depression rates of high school students

Depression rates at specific levels of mild (14.0%), moderate (13.1%), severe

(13.8%) were lower than those of Le Minh Thuan‟s study with severity of 24% [7] For the reasons, research objectives and areas are in Hochiminh City, Hanoi; life is always busy, noisy, crowded, cramped, demanding economic conditions and with many other agents which create depression easily rather than in Danang

2 Some factors related to depression status

* Demographic factors and depression:

Table 1: Relationship between demographic factors and depression

Severity of depressive disorders

Total

p

Sex

> 0.05

Majors

< 0.05

Habitat

< 0.05

Parental

marriage

< 0.05

In the demographic factor, only the place of living is related to depression The percentage

of students living in rural areas with depression was 53.2% compared to the city with

depression of 38.7% In this factor, it is possible that the number of students from rural

areas to rent accommodation in the city should be unfamiliar with the pressure of life so they are easy to get depression It is needed to perform more studies on cultural factors related to depression among students to clarify Depression of male and female, parental marriage was not related with depression of students, with p > 0.05

* Family factors and depressive disorder:

Table 2: Relationship between family factors and depressive disorder

Family factors with depressive disorders

Depression

Content

p

Conflict with family

< 0.05

Parental expectations for

their children

> 0.05

Family in trouble

< 0.05

The relatives in family

were dead or sick

> 0.05

There is no relationship between depression and parental expectations for their children and the death and sickness of relatives in family There was a relationship between depression and conflict with family and family in trouble with a 1.5-fold difference when there was conflict leading to depression (50.6%) compared with no conflicts and depression (34.5%), family in trouble has the depression rate (68.4%) higher 1.8 times than family without trouble (38.2%) The study was consistent with Tran Quynh Anh's survey on family conflict (49.5%), which was 1.3 times higher than (37.0%) [2], Vo Van Ban 76.47%; Nguyen Thi Kim Cuc 28.9%; Nguyen Thanh Quang 19.23% Family conflict is an important cause of depression for students because their time in the family is mainly and their only support is family However, for some reasons leading to conflict will affect the psychology of the children, feel disoriented, not interested,

no support , so students will be prone to depression

* School - friend factors and depressive disorders:

Table 3: Relationship between school factors and depressive disorder

Friends, learning factors and depressive disorders

Depression

Content

p

Conflict in love

> 0.05

Conflict with friends

< 0.05

Bullied by fiends

> 0.05

Learning pressure

< 0.05

There was a relationship between present conflict with friends, isolated by friends, learning pressures and depression expression (p < 0.05) (48.8% compared to no conflicting 37.5%) In study by Tran Quynh Anh, the percentage of conflict with friends and

no conflict with friends was 54.3% vs 35.0%, being isolated by friends 58.3% compared to 38.0%, learning pressure 44.8% compare to 30.2%, similar to Vo Van Ban‟s study with very high learning pressure (58.82%), Nguyen Thi Kim Cuc 35.6% Friendships are also very important in their lives, they will suffer from psychological disorders such as suffering, torment, sadness and loneliness if friendship is not respected plus high learning pressure from parents, schools, especially high achievement school there will be more pressure and difficulty if teachers (with specialized field but no psychological counseling or lack of moral psychological practice) will not grasp timely psychology of the students that will make them more deeply hurt spirit

* Student personal factors and other factors:

Table 4: Relationship between personal factors and other factors with depression

Student personal factors and other factors with depression

Depression Content

p

Setting too high goals

< 0.001

Feeling inferior to

friends

Sexual harassment

Previously suffered

from childhood traumas

The relationship between personal factors and other factors with depression; setting too high goals was a high depression rate of 1.9 times than without setting goals (50.0% compared to 27.0%), feeling inferior to friends was 1.8 times (48.8% and 26.8%), high sexual harassment was 1.64 times (64.3% vs 39.2%) This is also the cause of depression, in life there are many factors that affect the change of human psychology if the individual who does not think positive will be affected

* Behavioral factors and depressive disorders:

Table 5: Relationship between stimulant use and depression

Stimulant use factors with depressive disorders

Depression Content

p

Smoking habit

> 0.05

Alcohol consumption

< 0.05

Alcohol consumption behavior of students was related with students‟ depression with p < 0.05 Meanwhile, smoking behavior was not related Alcohol use was related

to depression (58.8%; 39.2%), it is similar to the study by Le Minh Thuan, a group of students with alcohol use had a higher depression than those without alcohol 1.5 times Although this study did not quantify the amount of alcohol in each drink times, the results showed that an interaction between behavior and depression rates among students

* The demand for psychological counseling - health of students:

The chart showed that the demand for counseling on mental health was high at 79.2%

CONCLUSIONS AND

RECOMMENDATIONS

1 Conclusions

- The research showed that 40.9% of

students with depression However, students

with depression: mild were 14.0%, moderate

13.1%, severe 13.8%

- There are some factors related to

depression, including family factors such

as family conflict (50.6%), family in trouble

(68.4%) The school factors including

learning pressure (44.8%), isolated by

friends (58.3%), conflict with friends

(48.8%) and personal factors as setting

too high goals (50.0%), feeling inferior to

friends (48.8%) Alcohol consumption

behavior 58.8%

2 Recommendations

Research may contribute to reduce the

percentage of mental disorder if the

model of psychological intervention for

students in high schools in Danang City is

implemented The results showed that

students need a lot of activities with

psychologists, free health counseling centers,

family cares, and appropriate teaching

and learning methods to help them

overcome the difficulties in their studies,

their family and their emotional life

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