The current depression situation of public high school students in Danang city

To determine the prevalence of depression disturbances and factors related to depression of 457 high school students in Danang City. Methods: Cross-sectional study and using DASS 42 scale. Results: The incidence of depression among high school students in Danang was 40.9%, including mild, moderate, severe and very severe levels (14.0%, 13.1% and 13.8%, respectively). Friends and living conditions, family conflicts, isolation of friends, study pressures, self-targeting, feelings of inferior to friends and using alcohol are all related to depression (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The incidence of depression among students for factors as family and school causes is alarming. There is a need to establish free mental health counseling centers to support specialized psychological knowledge for teachers and parents.

Journal of military pharmaco-medicine n02-2019 THE CURRENT DEPRESSION SITUATION OF PUBLIC HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS IN DANANG CITY Nguyen Thi My Anh1; Tong Thi Luyen2; Truong Ngoc Tai1 Huynh Minh Giang1; Phan Thi Hoang Oanh1 SUMMARY Objectives: To determine the prevalence of depression disturbances and factors related to depression of 457 high school students in Danang City Methods: Cross-sectional study and using DASS 42 scale Results: The incidence of depression among high school students in Danang was 40.9%, including mild, moderate, severe and very severe levels (14.0%, 13.1% and 13.8%, respectively) Friends and living conditions, family conflicts, isolation of friends, study pressures, self-targeting, feelings of inferior to friends and using alcohol are all related to depression (p < 0.05) Conclusion: The incidence of depression among students for factors as family and school causes is alarming There is a need to establish free mental health counseling centers to support specialized psychological knowledge for teachers and parents * Keywords: Depression; Students; Public high school INTRODUCTION Severe depressive disorder will lead to some actions such as suicide, self-harm and alcohol/drug abuse, ranking among the top 10 causes of the current burden of disease in today's world It is estimated that around 350 million people in various age groups all over the world suffer from depression [2] In Asia-Pacific countries, according to Chiu E (2004), the average percentage of depression was 3.7%, much lower than in other regions of the world [10] In Vietnam, the percentage of depression among children has icreased and it has affected their education and life Therefore, the authors did the research on “Depressive disorders of students in public high schools in Danang City” with two aims: To determine evidence of depressive disorder among students and find out factors related to depression among students SUBJECTS AND METHODS Subjects * Study subjects: Students in public high schools in Danang City * Selection criteria: Voluntarily agree to participate Attend class at the interview time * Exclusion criteria: No co-operation Insufficient answers in the questionnaire, been examined and diagnosed with depression Univerrsity of Medicine Technology and Pharmacy Danang Psychiatric Hospital Corresponding author: Nguyen Thi My Anh (nephuong2007@gmail.com) Date received: 20/12/2018 Date accepted: 18/01/2019 170 Journal of military pharmaco-medicine n02-2019 Methods - Use the descriptive cross-sectional study method * Sample size design: The research sample size was calculated according to the formula * Sampling method: Four-stage cluster sampling * Research tool: Use DASS 42 * Time and place of study: From 10 2017 to 10 - 2018 in public high schools in Danang City * Data processing: Use EPIDATA software to enter data and use SPSS 22.0 p: Percentage of depression, according to research by Le Minh Thuan [4], p = 0.24; d: 0.04 Substitute into the formula, we had 437 samples Plusing 10% of the sample was incorrect or not participation, we got a sample size of 480 In fact, we obtained 457 samples * Research ethics: Students were given a clear explanation of the purpose of the study, willing to participate and guaranteed confidentiality when participating in research They would refuse if they didn't not want to answer the research questions RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Incidence of depressive disorders and severity of depression 59.1 % 40.9 % No Depression Chart 1: Incidence of depressive disorders of public high school students The study showed that the percentage of students suffering from depression was (40.9%) lower than the results of depression study by Do Bich Ngoc (60.8%), Nguyen Thi Huong (49.5%), higher than the study by Do Dinh Quyen (39.6%), Nguyen Truong Vien (29.2%), Tran Quynh Anh (38.9%) [1, 4, 5, 6, 8] 171 Journal of military pharmaco-medicine n02-2019 14 13.8 13.6 13.4 13.2 13 12.8 12.6 Severity of depression 14% 13.8% 13.1% Mild Moderate Severity Chart 2: Specific depression rates of high school students Depression rates at specific levels of mild (14.0%), moderate (13.1%), severe (13.8%) were lower than those of Le Minh Thuan‟s study with severity of 24% [7] For the reasons, research objectives and areas are in Hochiminh City, Hanoi; life is always busy, noisy, crowded, cramped, demanding economic conditions and with many other agents which create depression easily rather than in Danang Some factors related to depression status * Demographic factors and depression: Table 1: Relationship between demographic factors and depression Severity of depressive disorders Total Features Object No p Yes n % n % n % Male 107 60.8 69 39.2 176 38.5 Female 163 58 118 42 281 61.5 Social 146 63.5 84 36.5 230 50.3 Science 106 57.3 79 42.7 185 40.5 Other 18 42.9 24 57.1 42 9.2 242 61.3 153 38.7 395 86.4 Countryside 29 46.8 33 53.2 62 13.6 Happy 223 59.8 150 40.2 373 81.6 Separated 26 70.3 11 29.7 37 8.1 Divorce 35.7 64.3 14 3.1 Other 16 48.5 17 51.5 33 7.2 Sex Majors > 0.05 Habitat Parental marriage < 0.05 < 0.05 < 0.05 In the demographic factor, only the place of living is related to depression The percentage of students living in rural areas with depression was 53.2% compared to the city with depression of 38.7% In this factor, it is possible that the number of students from rural 172 Journal of military pharmaco-medicine n02-2019 areas to rent accommodation in the city should be unfamiliar with the pressure of life so they are easy to get depression It is needed to perform more studies on cultural factors related to depression among students to clarify Depression of male and female, parental marriage was not related with depression of students, with p > 0.05 * Family factors and depressive disorder: Table 2: Relationship between family factors and depressive disorder Family factors with depressive disorders No Depression Content Yes Total p n % n % n % No 184 65.5 97 34.5 281 61.5 Yes 87 49.4 89 50.6 176 38.5 No 76 58.5 54 41.5 130 28.4 Yes 195 59.6 132 40.4 327 71.6 No 259 61.8 160 38.2 419 91.7 Yes 12 31.6 26 68.4 38 8.3 No 206 58.2 148 41.8 354 77.5 Yes 65 63.1 38 36.9 103 22.5 Conflict with family < 0.05 Parental expectations for their children > 0.05 Family in trouble < 0.05 The relatives in family were dead or sick > 0.05 There is no relationship between depression and parental expectations for their children and the death and sickness of relatives in family There was a relationship between depression and conflict with family and family in trouble with a 1.5-fold difference when there was conflict leading to depression (50.6%) compared with no conflicts and depression (34.5%), family in trouble has the depression rate (68.4%) higher 1.8 times than family without trouble (38.2%) The study was consistent with Tran Quynh Anh's survey on family conflict (49.5%), which was 1.3 times higher than (37.0%) [2], Vo Van Ban 76.47%; Nguyen Thi Kim Cuc 28.9%; Nguyen Thanh Quang 19.23% Family conflict is an important cause of depression for students because their time in the family is mainly and their only support is family However, for some reasons leading to conflict will affect the psychology of the children, feel disoriented, not interested, no support , so students will be prone to depression * School - friend factors and depressive disorders: Table 3: Relationship between school factors and depressive disorder Friends, learning factors and depressive disorders No Depression Content Yes Total p n % n % n % No 240 60.2 159 39.8 399 87.3 Yes 31 53.4 27 46.6 58 12.7 Conflict in love > 0.05 173 Journal of military pharmaco-medicine n02-2019 No 205 62.5 123 37.5 328 71.8 Yes 66 51.2 63 48.8 129 28.2 No 246 62 151 38 397 86.9 Yes 25 41.7 35 58.3 60 13.1 No 250 60.4 164 39.6 414 90.6 Yes 21 48.8 22 51.2 43 9.4 No 90 69.8 39 30.2 129 28.2 Yes 181 55.2 147 44.8 328 71.8 Conflict with friends < 0.05 Isolated by friends < 0.05 Bullied by fiends > 0.05 Learning pressure < 0.05 There was a relationship between present conflict with friends, isolated by friends, learning pressures and depression expression (p < 0.05) (48.8% compared to no conflicting 37.5%) In study by Tran Quynh Anh, the percentage of conflict with friends and no conflict with friends was 54.3% vs 35.0%, being isolated by friends 58.3% compared to 38.0%, learning pressure 44.8% compare to 30.2%, similar to Vo Van Ban‟s study with very high learning pressure (58.82%), Nguyen Thi Kim Cuc 35.6% Friendships are also very important in their lives, they will suffer from psychological disorders such as suffering, torment, sadness and loneliness if friendship is not respected plus high learning pressure from parents, schools, especially high achievement school there will be more pressure and difficulty if teachers (with specialized field but no psychological counseling or lack of moral psychological practice) will not grasp timely psychology of the students that will make them more deeply hurt spirit * Student personal factors and other factors: Table 4: Relationship between personal factors and other factors with depression Student personal factors and other factors with depression No Depression Content Yes Total p n % n % n % No 143 73 53 27 196 42.9 Yes 128 49 133 51 261 57.1 No 123 73.2 45 26.8 168 36.8 Yes 148 51.2 141 48.8 289 63.2 No 261 60.8 168 39.2 429 93.9 Yes 10 35.7 18 64.3 28 6.1 No 246 63.4 142 36.6 388 84.9 Yes 25 36.2 44 63.8 69 15.1 Setting too high goals Feeling inferior to friends Sexual harassment Previously suffered from childhood traumas 174 < 0.001 Journal of military pharmaco-medicine n02-2019 The relationship between personal factors and other factors with depression; setting too high goals was a high depression rate of 1.9 times than without setting goals (50.0% compared to 27.0%), feeling inferior to friends was 1.8 times (48.8% and 26.8%), high sexual harassment was 1.64 times (64.3% vs 39.2%) This is also the cause of depression, in life there are many factors that affect the change of human psychology if the individual who does not think positive will be affected * Behavioral factors and depressive disorders: Table 5: Relationship between stimulant use and depression Stimulant use factors with depressive disorders No Depression Yes Total p Content n % n % n % No 262 60 175 40 437 95.6 Yes 45 11 55 20 4.4 No 257 60.8 166 39.2 423 92.6 Yes 14 41.2 20 58.8 34 7.4 Smoking habit > 0.05 Alcohol consumption < 0.05 Alcohol consumption behavior of students was related with students‟ depression with p < 0.05 Meanwhile, smoking behavior was not related Alcohol use was related to depression (58.8%; 39.2%), it is similar to the study by Le Minh Thuan, a group of students with alcohol use had a higher depression than those without alcohol 1.5 times Although this study did not quantify the amount of alcohol in each drink times, the results showed that an interaction between behavior and depression rates among students * The demand for psychological counseling - health of students: The chart showed that the demand for counseling on mental health was high at 79.2% 175 Journal of military pharmaco-medicine n02-2019 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS Conclusions - The research showed that 40.9% of students with depression However, students with depression: mild were 14.0%, moderate 13.1%, severe 13.8% - There are some factors related to depression, including family factors such as family conflict (50.6%), family in trouble (68.4%) The school factors including learning pressure (44.8%), isolated by friends (58.3%), conflict with friends (48.8%) and personal factors as setting too high goals (50.0%), feeling inferior to friends (48.8%) Alcohol consumption behavior 58.8% Recommendations Research may contribute to reduce the percentage of mental disorder if the model of psychological intervention for students in high schools in Danang City is implemented The results showed that students need a lot of activities with psychologists, free health counseling centers, family cares, and appropriate teaching and learning methods to help them overcome the difficulties in their studies, their family and their emotional life seminar of Psychiatric medical psychology 2017, pp.21-28 Nguyen Thi Kim Cuc Research on clinical manifestation of depressive disorder aged 19 to 29 inpatient at psychiatric hospital Vietnam - French Scientific seminar of Psychiatric medical psychology 2017, pp.121-124 Nguyen Thi Huong et al The current situation of health behavior and risk of depression among second year college students in Commercial University Clinical 2014, 914, No Do Bich Ngoc Depression disorder among secondary school students in Hanoi Master Thesis of Science in Psychology from Vietnam National University Hanoi University of Social Sciences and Humantities 2017 Do Dinh Quyen Depression and among the first year medical students in University of Medicine and Pharmarcy Hochiminh City, Vietnam College of Public Health Sciences, Chulalongkom University 2007 Le Minh Thuan Research on the situation of psychological diorders of college students in Hochiminh Medical University Master Thesis of Psychology from Hochiminh University of Education 2012 REFERENCES Nguyen Truong Vien et al The relationship between internet addition and depression among Nguyen Cong Tru secondary school students in Bienhoa city, Dongnai Hochiminh Journal of Preventive Medicine Basic Science 2018, p.339 Tran Quynh Anh Signs of depression of preventive medicine students at Hanoi Medical University and some related factors Journal of Medicine 2016, 104, p.6 Amar M Depression among adolescents Proceedings of the Vietnam-France Mental Scientific Conference Vietnam-France Hospital 2007 Vo Van Ban Find out the factors related to depression on the group of college students studying abroad Vietnam - French Scientific 10 Spaner D, Bland R.C, Newman S.C Depression Disorder, Research Center (N-T) Vietnamese translation 1994, pp.7-15 176 ... severity of depression 59.1 % 40.9 % No Depression Chart 1: Incidence of depressive disorders of public high school students The study showed that the percentage of students suffering from depression. .. 0.05 In the demographic factor, only the place of living is related to depression The percentage of students living in rural areas with depression was 53.2% compared to the city with depression of. .. quantify the amount of alcohol in each drink times, the results showed that an interaction between behavior and depression rates among students * The demand for psychological counseling - health of students: