Effect of lime, organic and inorganic fertilizers on soil chemical properties and yield of chilli (Capsicum frutescens l.)

The maximum yield 1.48 t ha-1 at NT5 was found under the combined use of 10 tons CM ha-1+ 3.5 tons CaO ha-1+ NPK. It was also observed that some of the soil chemical properties were significantly influenced by the application of different treatments of lime and CM while total available N, available P, available K and OM were significantly affected by the application of both organic and inorganic fertilizers in different combinations.

AGU International Journal of Sciences – 2019, Vol (3), 84 – 90 EFFECT OF LIME,ORGANIC AND INORGANIC FERTILIZERS ON SOIL CHEMICAL PROPERTIES AND YIELD OF CHILLI (Capsicum frutescens L.) Nguyen Van Chuong1 An Giang University, VNU - HCM Information: Received: 19/07/2019 Accepted: 14/10/2019 Published: 11/2019 Keywords: Chilli, cow manure, NPK, lime, yield ABSTRACT Five treatments (NT1, NT2, NT3, NT4 and NT5) of organic fertilizer (processed 10 tons cow manure ha-1),liming (3,5 tons ha-1) and three rates of inorganic fertilizer (NPK:90-60-60 kg ha-1) were evaluated on soil chemical properties and yield of chilli Significant effects of processed liming, cow manure (CM) and inorganic fertilizer (NPK)rates on nutrient were obtained Interaction effects between lime, CM and NPK were significant The results indicated that lime, cow manure in combination with lower doses of balanced inorganic fertilizers led to increases of soil organic matter, labile soil organic matter and available phosphorous in soil significantly compared to the control The maximum yield 1.48 t ha-1 at NT5 was found under the combined use of 10 tons CM ha-1+ 3.5 tons CaO ha-1+ NPK It was also observed that some of the soil chemical properties were significantly influenced by the application of different treatments of lime and CM while total available N, available P, available K and OM were significantly affected by the application of both organic and inorganic fertilizers in different combinations The chilli yield of treatments with organic manure, chemical fertilizers; lime, organic manure, and chemical fertilizers, created a significant difference compared to control treatments The results showed that chilli yield increased significantly from 0.302 tons ha-1at NT3 (only CM) to 1.48 tons ha-1 at NT5 (10 tons CM ha-1+ 3.5 tons CaO ha-1+ NPK) INTRODUCTION consumption as well as for processing and with its favourable price, there is tremendous potential for growers to venture into bird chilli in An Giang Lack of technology for production is among the factors limiting cultivation in the country currently The An Giang government recently identified high yielding varieties of chilli suitable for commercial cultivation and recommended them as the most suitable for large scale planting There is, however, little Chilli (Capsicum frutescens L.) is one of the high value commercial crops in An Giang Chilli is a popular spice of Vietnam, and is presently cultivated widely on a commercial scale in the Mekong delta The total area under chilli cultivation is 1,500 hectares with an annual production of 7.46 tons With the increasing demand for chilli for fresh 84 AGU International Journal of Sciences – 2019, Vol (3), 84 – 90 information on the agronomic requirement of chilli, both locally and elsewhere This paper presents the nutrient content and responses of chilli to liming, organic and inorganic fertilizers, with the objective of obtaining information on the fertilizer requirement for conventional as well as for organic production of chilli Each of the plots was fertilized with a basal dose of N, P and K at 90:60:60 kg.ha1,(Iruthayaraj & Kulandaivelu,1973).The inorganic fertilizers used were urea, muriate of potash and single superphosphate All the lime, PK and cow manures were applied before planting except manurewhich was applied in two split doses Half the quantity of nitrogen was applied as a basal dose before planting and the rest was top dressed 60 days after planting Observations on plant height, number of tillers and leaves/plant were recorded (at 20, 45, 65 days and harvest) and the data were statistically analysed Besides observations on per plant, per plot and per hectare yield of fresh fruits were recorded and statistically analysed MATERIALS AND METHODS Chilli(Capsicum frutescens L.) is AFRICA F1 TN 223 of Trang Nong company The study was conducted in My Hoa Hung, Long Xuyen city, An Giang province.The experiment was carried out in the field at areas inside the dyke with treatments:NT1:applied belong to farmers (NPK:90-60-60 kg ha-1), NT2 (3.5 tons CaO ha-1+10 tons cow manure ha-1), NT3(10 tons cow manure ha-1)NT4 (NPK+10 tons cow manure ha-1) and NT5 (3.5 tons CaO ha-1+10 tons cow manure ha-1+NPK) with replicates The kind of irrigation water (river water), with area of each replicate being equivalent to 24m2 (6m x 4m), planted in a single row with distance of 50cm x 30 cm (three seeds/hole), the distance between plants is 30 cm and row is 50 cm RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The results of pH in soil (Table 1) showed it to be quite suitable for growing chilli (pH = 6.66) (Shakeel et al., 2017).The total nitrogen is average level for chilli (0.188%) (Kramany et al., 2007).The Available Phosphorous is not quite low level (30.1 mg/100g)(Kramany et al., 2007)but available K and poor organic matter content (0.153 meq/100g) and (2.08%), respectively were low Table Soil particle size distribution and chemical characteristics at the first of the experiment No Characters Results pHH20 6.66 Total N(%) 0.118 Available P (mg/100g) 30.1 Available K(meq/100g) 0.153 OM (%) 2.08 85 AGU International Journal of Sciences – 2019, Vol (3), 84 – 90 Figure Effect of NPK, cow manune and lime on soil pH before and after of the experiment Table Soil total N before and after of the experiment Total N (%) Treatments Before after NT1 (Control) 0.144a 0.116c NT2 0.131b 0.142b NT3 0.112d 0.113c NT4 0.131b 0.146b NT5 0.107e 0.153a * * 2.47 1.82 F CV(%) * Values are the mean of four replicates Means within each column having different letters,are significantly different according to LSD at % (*)level The results in Figure show that the soil pH before and after the experiment was statistically different at 5% level Due to the application of 3.5 tons of lime per in NT2 (lime+cow manure) and NT5 (lime + cow manure + NPK) during the fertilizing stage,the pH values in these treatments there were higher pH values of the soil than before the experiment Treatments using organic fertilizers with variable pH values ranged from 6.53 to 7.69 and were higher than treatments with pH values of 6.87 (except for NT4 treatment).Paweena Rungruksatham & Lampan Khurnpoon (2016) showed that organic fertilizer, capable of forming complexes with iron and aluminum, which helps to raise soil pH In general, pH values in treatments were relatively suitable for the development of chilli (Muthukrishman,1986) Total Nitrogen (N): N is a nutritional element that determines crop yield and the N in each soil type was dependent on the organic content in the soil The soils that contained high humus, had rich N content (Prasad et al.,2009) The result in Table showed that soil total N 86 AGU International Journal of Sciences – 2019, Vol (3), 84 – 90 contents after of the experiment range from 0.113% (NT3) to 153 in NT5 Total N content after the experiment in NT5 was the highest compared to other treatments Dobermann et al., (2000) showed that the total N content in soil is not much changed with the agricultural system, and the total N treatments were average There were significant differences between treatments Table Effect of NPK, cow manune and lime on available P before and after of the experiment Available P (mg/100g) Treatments Before after NT1 (Control) 50.6a 60.7c NT2 26.6c 97.3a NT3 19.5e 32.5d NT4 25.4d 92.7b NT5 29.6b 92.1b * * 2.09 2.87 F CV(%) * Values are the mean of four replicates Means within each column having different letters, are significantly different according to LSD at % (*)level Available Phosphorous (P):P is a character of soil fertility High P content of soil is rich fertility soil, and high fertility soil is rich in P level (Prasad et al.,2009The results in Table show that available P in soil before and after the experiment are significantly different according to LSD at 5% (*) level The available P in cow manure treatments ranged from 32.5 mg/ 100g soil to 97.3 mg/ 100g soil The available P content after the experiment in NT2 was the highest compared to other treatments Vincent (1986) showed that P content of organic fertilizer affects available P over a long period of time because, when mineralized, organic matter will release P into soil solution, reduce P adsorption and increase cell P in soil hand, the lowest available potassium was recorded by only using cow manure with a highly significant difference when compared to other treatments (Table 4).The available potassium of all treatments was significantly different according to LSD at 5% The amount of available potassium is often correlated with the potassium uptake by plants In general, the response to K fertilizer is often found when the available K content is less than 0.2 meq /100g soil (Landon,1984) The data in Table shows that available Potassium in soil samples before and after the experiment was significantly different according to LSD at 5%.Available potassium after of soil in all treatments ranged from 0.12 meq / 100g (NT3)to 0.17 meq / 100g (NT2).According to Dobermann et al.,(2000), this available K is low to very low levels Available Potassium (K):After the experiment, the NT2 treatment had the highest available potassium (0.170 meq/100g) On the other 87 AGU International Journal of Sciences – 2019, Vol (3), 84 – 90 Table Effect of NPK, cow manune and lime on available K before and after of the experiment available K(meq/100g) Treatments Before after NT1 (Control) 0.17a 0.14b NT2 0.15bc 0.17a NT3 0.14c 0.12d NT4 0.16ab 0.13c NT5 0.17a 0.14b * * 7.03 3.09 F CV(%) * Values are the mean of four replicates Means within each column having different letters, are significantly different according to LSD at % (*)level Table Effect of NPK, CM and lime on O.M of chilli before and after of the experiment OM (%) Treatments Before After NT1 2.27a 1.31d NT2 2.16b 1.63a NT3 2.08b 1.38c NT4 2.17b 1.67a NT5 1.91c 1.53b * * 2.99 2.10 F CV(%) * Values are the mean of four replicates Means within each column having different letters, are significantly different according to LSD at % (*)level Total Organic Matter (O.M.):The results in table show that the highest soil organic matter content (1.67%) after the experiment was obtained by the liming combined CM and NPK treatment ,a significant difference with all other treatments, while the lowest content (1.31%) was obtained by the control treatment (Table 5) The O.M values of chilli range from 1.91% to 2.27% and 1.31% to 1.67% before and after the experiment, respectively Many researchers have confirmed that soil organic matter is a nutrient source closely related to soil fertility, especially in hot and humid tropical conditions (Prasad et al.,2009) 88 AGU International Journal of Sciences – 2019, Vol (3), 84 – 90 Table Effect of NPK, cow manune and lime on yield of chilli Yield (ton ha-1) Treatments NT1 1.08c NT2 0.430d NT3 0.302e NT4 1.28b NT5 1.48a F * CV (%) 6.0 * Values are the mean of four replicates Means within each column having different letters, are significantly different according to LSD at % (*)level The treatment consisting of NPK along with cow manure 10 tons ha-1and liming 3.5 ton ha-1 (NT5) exhibited the highest yield of fresh (1.48 tons ha-1) Balanced nutrition of organic and inorganic nutrients maintains an optimum ratio between the nutrients, which is of considerable importance in improving the yield The analysis of variance for yield is presented in Table Significant effects were obtained for all the cow manure, liming and inorganic fertilizer (NPK) applications Interaction effects were significant Mean yields obtained are presented in Table Yield ha-1 increased significantly from 0.302 tons at NT3 to a maximum of 1.48 tons at NT5 All growth parameters were improved when chilli plants received lime and cow manure Moreover, a greatincrease of chilli growth resulted from co-lime with cow manure The yield of Chilli increased 5.0 times compared to the only cow manure treatment and 1.4 times compared to the control treatment (applying NPK).The treatment consisting of NPK along with cow manure 10 tons ha-1and liming 3.5 ton ha-1 showed the effect of improving soil fertility on productivity clearly and ultimately conserved the environment and improved sustainability Continued application of other levels of lime and organic matter enhanced yield and reduced the need to use chemical fertilizer, pesticides Iruthayaraj, M.R & Kulandaivelu, R (1973).NPK requirements of K Chillies CONCLUSION Liming, cow manure and NPK had significant effect on the soil pH, OM, total available N,P K in soil and were higher than that of the control The application of lime combined with cow manure and NPK increased yield of chilli On the other hand, the highest soil total nitrogen percent and available potassium and phosphorous, and organic matter content were obtained by the lime combined with cow manure and NPK, while the soil available characters were improved for all treatments Additionally, significant differences were observed between lime, NPK and cow manure source treatments REFERENCES Dobermann A and T H Fairhurst (2000).Rice: Nutrient disorders & nutrient management Handbook Series Potash & Phosphate Institute (PPI), Potash & Institute of Canada (PPIC) and International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), 191 p 89 AGU International Journal of Sciences – 2019, Vol (3), 84 – 90 (Capsicum annuum L.) 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