www.ebook3000.com Labor Markets, Gender and Social Stratification in East Asia The Intimate and the Public in Asian and Global Perspectives Managing Editor Ochiai Emiko (Kyoto University) Editorial Board Danièle Bélanger (Laval University) Fran Bennett (University of Oxford) Mary Brinton (Harvard University) Melanita Budianta (University of Indonesia) Chang Kyung-Sup (Seoul National University) Harald Fuess (University of Heidelberg) Barbara Hobson (University of Stockholm) Shirlena Huang (National University of Singapore) Ito Kimio (Kyoto University) Barbara Molony (Santa Clara University) Oshikawa Fumiko (Kyoto University) Rajni Palriwala (University of Delhi) Ito Peng (University of Toronto) Carolyn Sobritchea (University of the Philippines) Tseng Yen-Fen (National Taiwan University) Patricia Uberoi (Institute of Chinese Studies, Delhi) Thanes Wongyannava (Thammasat University) VOLUME The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/ipap www.ebook3000.com Labor Markets, Gender and Social Stratification in East Asia A Global Perspective Edited by Tarohmaru Hiroshi LEIDEN | BOSTON First published 2014, in Japanese [Higashi Ajia no Rōdō Shijō to Shakai Kaisō / 東アジアの労働市場と社 会階層] by Kyoto University Press, Kyoto University, 69 Konoe-cho Yoshida, Sakyo, Kyoto 〒606-8315, Japan Cover illustration: Shibuya crossing in front of Shibuya Station in Shibuya, Tokyo, Japan (2012) © Kiely Ramos (www.kielyramos.com) Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Tarohmaru, Hiroshi, 1968- editor Title: Labor markets, gender and social stratification in East Asia : a global perspective / edited by Tarohmaru Hiroshi Other titles: Higashi Ajia no rōdō shijō to shakai kaisō English Description: Leiden ; Boston : Brill, [2016] | Series: The intimate and the public in Asian and global perspectives ; volume | “First published 2014 in Japanese, Higashi Ajia no Rodo Shijo to Shakai Kaiso by Kyoto University Press.” | Includes bibliographical references and index Identifiers: LCCN 2015040097| ISBN 9789004256101 (hardback : alk paper) | ISBN 9789004262737 (e-book) Subjects: LCSH: Labor market East Asia Regional disparities | Social classes Classification: LCC HD5826.A6 H5413 2016 | DDC 331.12095 dc23 LC record available at http://lccn.loc.gov/2015040097 This publication has been typeset in the multilingual “Brill” typeface With over 5,100 characters covering Latin, ipa, Greek, and Cyrillic, this typeface is especially suitable for use in the humanities For more information, please see www.brill.com/brill-typeface issn 2213-0608 isbn 978-90-04-25610-1 (hardback) isbn 978-90-04-26273-7 (e-book) Copyright 2016 by Koninklijke Brill nv, Leiden, The Netherlands Koninklijke Brill nv incorporates the imprints Brill, Brill Hes & De Graaf, Brill Nijhoff, Brill Rodopi and Hotei Publishing All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Koninklijke Brill nv provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910, Danvers, ma 01923, usa Fees are subject to change This book is printed on acid-free paper www.ebook3000.com Contents List of Figures VII List of Tables IX List of Contributors XII Labor Markets, Gender, and Social Stratification in East Asia: An Introduction 1 TAROHMARU Hiroshi Gender Difference in Unemployment Risk in the Face of Globalization: Effects of Institutional Factors in the Case of Japan and Taiwan 32 SAKAGUCHI Yusuke Economic Crisis, Labor Market Restructuring and Job Mobility in Korea: 1998–2008 52 PHANG Hanam The Impact of a Changing Employment System on Women’s Employment upon Marriage and after Childbirth in Japan 80 YAMATO Reiko Can Active Labor Market Policies Enhance the Suicide-Preventive Effect of Intimacy? A Dynamic Panel Analysis of 27 oecd Countries Including Japan and Korea, 1980–2007 112 SHIBATA Haruka An Inter Regional Comparison of Occupational Gender Segregation in Japan 140 ODA Akiko, TAROHMARU Hiroshi and YAMATO Reiko Who Succeeds in Self-Employment? The Role of Family, Gender, and Labor Market Structures 177 TAKENOSHITA Hirohisa Where Materialism Still Matters: Status Identity in East Asia 206 CHANG Chin-Fen, XIE Guihua, TAKAMATSU Rie and KIM Young-Mi Name Index 237 Subject Index 238 www.ebook3000.com List of Figures Tarohmaru Hiroshi 1.1 Rate of higher education graduates and rate of women among higher education graduates 14 1.2 Labor force participation rate, 2009 15 1.3 Labor force participation rate by age, gender, and society 16 1.4 Rates of workers employed in secondary and tertiary industries 17 1.5 Rate of workers employed in public and self-employed sectors 18 Sakaguchi Yusuke 2.1 Cumulative survival function estimated with the Kaplan-Meier method 40 2.2 Rate of involuntary job shifts for different periods (percent, Japan) 41 2.3 Connections between passing of time, non-regular employment, and unemployment risk 44 2.4 Proportion of non-regular employment for different periods (percent, by gender, Japan) 44 2.5 Rate of involuntary job shifts for different periods (percent, by employment type, Japan) 44 2.6 Rate of involuntary job shifts for different periods (percent, by gender, Taiwan) 48 2.7 Proportion of non-regular employment for different periods (percent, by gender, Taiwan) 48 Yamato Reiko 4.1 Employment status of Japanese women by cohort at two life stages (women in the labor force) 95 5.1 5.2 5.3 Shibata Haruka Suicides per 100,000 persons (age-standardized) 113 Crude marriage rate (number of new marriages per 1,000 persons) 114 Crude divorce rate (number of divorces per 1,000 persons) 115 viii List of Figures 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 5.9 Predicted values and observed values of suicide rate in Japan 132 Predicted values and observed values of suicide rate in Korea 133 Predicted values of suicide rate in Japan by growth in almps expenditure 133 Predicted values of suicide rate in Korea by growth in almps expenditure 134 Unemployment rate (percent of total labor force) 134 Public expenditure on almps (percent of gdp) 135 Oda Akiko, Tarohmaru Hiroshi and Yamato Reiko 6.1 A scatter plot of the sei of the minor occupational groups on the horizontal axis and the proportion of males to all workers in the occupation on the vertical axis 164 6.2 A scatter plot of the effects of the manual dummy on the horizontal axis and the interaction effects between sei and the non-manual dummy on the vertical axis for 47 prefectures estimated from Model in Table 6.7 (deviations from the average) 168 Takenoshita Hirohisa 7.1 The Proportions of self-employed and family workers over time in Japan, Korea, and Taiwan 189 7.2 Survival curves for the exit from self-employment by gender and country 190 Chang Chin-Fen, Xie Guihua, Takamatsu Rie and Kim Young-Mi 8.1 Distribution of status identity in respective East Asian society 218 8.2 Increase of explanatory power from regressions of status identity on different blocks of variables 223 www.ebook3000.com List of Tables 1.1 Tarohmaru Hiroshi Perfect unemployment rates in 2007 and ranking (ascending order) 17 Sakaguchi Yusuke 2.1 Frequency distribution of variables in the person-year data set (percent) 39 2.2 Discrete-time logit analysis with involuntary shift hazard as dependent variable (Japan) 42 2.3 Discrete-time logit analysis with involuntary job shift hazard as the dependent variable (by gender, Japan) 46 Phang Hanam 3.1 Distribution of wage workers employed on a permanent, fixed-term, daily basis: 1986–2010 53 3.2 Definition of the variables included and descriptive statistics 64 3.3 Panel distribution of employment spells by status (permanent versus temporary) (unit: spells; percent) 67 3.4 Employment status transition probabilities between permanent and temporary (spells from both stayers and movers) 68 3.5 Employment status transition probabilities between permanent and temporary (spells from job movers only) 69 3.6 Panel distribution of labor market sector transition between t and t + 1 (movers only) 70 3.7 Risk of being in temporary employment: Estimated coefficients of random effects logit model 70 3.8 Risk of transiting into temporary or self-employment status: Estimated coefficients of multinomial logit model (job movers) 73 Yamato Reiko 4.1 Differences in employment systems in Japan and Taiwan 84 4.2 Determinants of women’s exit from the labor force or staying on at work upon marriage or first childbirth for Japanese and Taiwanese women, as summarized from the results in Yu (2009) 90 ... www.ebook3000.com chapter Labor Markets, Gender, and Social Stratification in East Asia: An Introduction Tarohmaru Hiroshi Social Stratification in East Asia The development of capitalism and industrial technology... characteristics of labor markets and social stratification in contemporary East Asia is followed by an outline of this book East Asia and International Comparisons of Labor Markets and Social Stratification. . .Labor Markets, Gender and Social Stratification in East Asia The Intimate and the Public in Asian and Global Perspectives Managing Editor Ochiai Emiko (Kyoto University) Editorial Board Danièle