International human resource management in south korean multinational enterprices

Haiying Kang & Jie Shen INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT IN SOUTH KOREAN MULTINATIONAL ENTERPRISES www.ebook3000.com International Human Resource Management in South Korean Multinational Enterprises Haiying Kang • Jie Shen International Human Resource Management in South Korean Multinational Enterprises www.ebook3000.com Haiying Kang School of Management, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia Jie Shen Shenzhen Audencia Business School (SABS), Shenzhen University Shenzhen, China ISBN 978-981-10-3092-5    ISBN 978-981-10-3093-2 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-981-10-3093-2 Library of Congress Control Number: 2017932758 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2017 This work is subject to copyright All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations Cover illustration: © Hiroshi Watanabe Printed on acid-free paper This Springer imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd The registered company address is: 152 Beach Road, #21-01/04 Gateway East, Singapore 189721, Singapore Foreword I am very pleased to write a Foreword for International Human Resource Management in South Korean Multinational Enterprises by Haiying Kang and Jie Shen This book is one of the first scholarly efforts to outline and examine the international HRM practices used by managers in South Korean multinational enterprises operating in China Using both interview data and survey data, the authors discuss IHRM policies and practices and provide examples of good and bad outcomes This book is underpinned by a strategic approach to HRM, focusing on the linkages between strategy, people, and performance The South Korean MNEs in this study were operating in China with South Korean expatriate managers and host-country Chinese nationals A particular contribution of this book is the focus of the authors on the willingness of host-country nationals to assist expatriate managers There is a lack of research on this issue, and the discussion on this topic is one of the key contributions of this book Readers will be engaged by the relevant examples that appear throughout the book and by the rigorous intellectual and practical approach that the authors apply to their research findings, linking key IHRM concepts to the outcomes of their empirical research Professor Jie Shen has published extensively in the field of international human resource management This book will certainly be appreciated by many researchers and managers Peter J. Dowling International Management & Strategy La Trobe University Melbourne, VIC, Australia v www.ebook3000.com Foreword Dr Haying Kang and Professor Jie Shen have written a very interesting research book titled International Human Resource Management in South Korean MNEs Both authors have published extensively in the field of international human resource management, and Professor Shen is considered a world-class expert in this field This book presents an interesting analysis of how South Korean MNEs manage international human resources management in their international subsidiaries Past IHRM literature has focused on how MNEs based in Western countries have managed IHRM. With the emergence of countries such as China, South Korea, and India, researchers are now interested to know whether MNEs originating in these countries exhibit different IHRM approaches Hence, this book is very important and relevant The book conducts a comprehensive analysis of a range of IHRM policies and practices, including international staffing, international training and development, international performance appraisal, and international compensation The authors have appropriately chosen China as the host nation China is now a major force in world markets and is the largest recipient of foreign direct investment It is the ideal experimental field for understanding how foreign MNEs manage IHRM overseas This book analyzes the reasons behind South Korean MNEs’ decisions on IHRM policies and practices For example, the authors argue that the relative strength of the South Korean economy over the Chinese economy is a major reason South Korean MNEs transfer some of their HRM practices to Chinese subsidiaries Such an analysis enriches the IHRM vii viii   FOREWORD l­iterature and enables companies across the world to develop effective IHRM strategies This book also explores the effects of IHRM practices on host-country nationals’ work outcomes More specifically, this study explores the effects of IHRM on the willingness of HCNs to help expatriates The book provides a better understanding of organizational contextual effect on HCNs’ attitudes and behaviors toward expatriates The existing IHRM models focus on strategic integration This study considers the interests of employees and external stakeholders by exploring the effects of high-commitment IHRM and socially responsible IHRM on HCNs’ willingness to help expatriates This is certainly a pioneering research The authors should be commended for writing a book that fills an important gap in IHRM research Very little is known about the IHRM policies South Korean MNEs adopt in their overseas operations After reading this book, companies all over the world will be able to deal more effectively with South Korean MNEs and enhance the value of joint venture partnerships Brian D’Netto Curtin Graduate School of Business Curtin University Perth, WA, Australia www.ebook3000.com 내 벗이 몇인가하니 수석과 송죽이라 동산에 달 오르니 그 더욱 반갑구나 두어라 이 다섯밖에 또 더하여 무엇하리 You ask how many friends I have? Water and stone, bamboo and pine The moon rising over the eastern hill is a joyful comrade Besides these five companions, what other pleasure should I ask? —Yun Seondo (윤선도, 1587–1671) ix Acknowledgment We wish to thank a number of people who without their contributions to our inspiration and support this book could not have been written In particular, we thank Professor John Benson who has collaborated with us on non-traditional expatriates We would like to thank Professor Peter Dowling for working with us on exploring the relationships of international HRM practices with employee outcomes and for endorsing this book We sincerely thank Professor Brian D’Netto who has been supportive to our research and also endorses this book Above all we would like to express our gratitude to our families, Yingai Quan, Changlong Kang, Chengri Quan, Ci Song, and Ben Shen, who have provided tremendous support and encouragement to us It is to them that we hereby dedicate this work Last but not least, our research was partially supported by the Chinese National Science Foundation Grant 71572157 and Key Chinese National Science Foundation Grant 71132003 Haiying Kang Jie Shen xi www.ebook3000.com Contents 1 Introduction   1 2 Methodology  27 3 International Recruitment and Selection Policies and  Practices   51 4 International Training and Development Policies and  Practices  85 5 International Performance Appraisal Policies and  Practices 113 6 International Reward and Compensation Policies and  Practices 141 7 The Use and Management of Non-­traditional Expatriates Working for South Korean MNEs in China 167 xiii INDEX   Cerdin, J. L., 66, 70, 71, 173, 223 chaebols (conglomerates), 52, 54, 88, 168 Chai, D. S., 109, 250 Chang, C. S., 53, 86 Chang, N. J., 53, 86 Chang, S., 92 Charmaz, K., 29 Chemical A, 32, 62–4, 68–9, 97, 98, 100, 102, 122, 123, 129, 150, 152, 170, 175, 176, 180, 181 Chen, C. P., 112, 270 Chen, D., 117, 118 Chen, H. A., 57 Chen, J., 116, 133, 224 Chen, M., 143, 146 Chen, S. J., 18, 76, 236 Chen, W., 212, 270 Chen, W. S., 55 Chen, Y. P., 188, 262 Cheng, B., 136, 245 Cheng, H. L., 65 Cheng, M. J., 16 Chia, L. C., 193 Chiang, F. F T., 119, 121, 126 Chiang, H. H., 10, 195, 197, 205, 217, 221 China Labour Bulletin, 148 China Statistical Yearbook, 147 Chinese Communist Party, 89 Ching, P. S., 63 Chiu, R. K., 147 Cho, D. Y., 83, 111, 140, 164, 232, 265 Cho, T., 74 Cho, Y. J., 87 Choi, C. H., 12 Chow, H. S., 118 Chow, I. H S., 25, 269 Christ, O., 212, 268 Christensen, C., 67 Chu, C. M., 95 275 Chuang, J. S., 19, 208, 229, 240 Chung, K. H., 53, 88, 114, 115, 142 Chung, K. T., 142, 143 Claus, L., 120, 129 Claver, E., 23, 260 Clegg, B., 95 Clegg, J., 19, 238, 239 Cleveland, J. N., 120, 124 Cobb, S., 47, 239 coding, 38, 40–3 Coetsee, W. J., 124 Colakoglu, S., 51, 67 Collings, D. G., 1, 4, 51, 60, 70, 74, 167, 168, 172, 173, 177, 178, 184, 185, 222 Collins, C. J., 10, 45, 195, 205, 217, 221 common method variance (CMV), 46, 202–3 comparative fit index (CFI), 44, 46, 202–4 confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), 44 content analysis, 18, 38, 40, 47 convenience sampling, 31 convergence, 185, 220 Cooke, F. L., 15, 55–8, 88–92, 116, 117, 124, 125, 133, 145–7 Cooper, C. L., 110, 135, 241, 261 corporate social responsibility (CSR), 5, 8–9, 45, 66, 124, 149, 196, 198–9, 206, 222, 226, 227 country-of-origin, 8, 61, 130 Coyle-Shapiro, J. A M., 194, 198 Crano, W. D., 38, 40 Creswell, J. W., 30 Cropanzano, R., 198 Cross, A., 19, 238 cross-cultural training (CCT), 4, 94–5, 97–8, 103–6, 172, 178, 181, 185, 214–15, 218, 223, 225, 228 CSR See corporate social responsibility (CSR) www.ebook3000.com 276   INDEX CSR-supportive IHRM, Cudeck, R., 46 Culpan, O., 66 Culpepper, R., 95 cultural difference model, Cummings, J., 208, 244 Cunningham, C. J L., 50, 270 Cunningham, L. X., 56, 58 Currie, G., 178 Czaplewski, A., 138, 255 D danger pay, 149 Darby, R., 89, 94–6, 100, 101, 105, 141, 214 Dasmalchian, A., 78, 242 data triangulation, 34 David, M., 29, 34 de (virtue), 117 de Bettignies, H. C., 25, 268 De Cieri, H., 221 de Leon, C. T., 111, 262 De Luque, M. F S., 126 De Menezes, L. M., 10 De Pater, I. E., 48, 209, 249 De Vaus, D. A., 27 Debrah, Y. A., 101 DeMatteo, D., 48, 254 Demel, B., 168, 177 Demirbag, M., DeNisi, A. S., 45, 173, 191–3, 203, 221 Devi, A., 24, 262, 263 Dewe, P., 6, Dharwadkar, R., 139, 264 Diaconescu, L. M., 66 Dickmann, M., 74 DiMaggio, P. J., 156 Dimitratos, P., 209, 254 Ding, D. Z., 57, 144, 146, 147 discriminant validity, 44, 46, 202 divergence, 139, 265 diversity management, D’Netto, B., 83, 264 Dobbins, G. H., 126 Doherty, N., 78, 243 dominance effect, 8, 157, 158, 161, 220 Dörrenbächer, C., 60, 61 Dowling, P. J., 1–6, 40, 60–3, 67, 70, 71, 74, 75, 85, 94, 100, 101, 113, 116, 124, 130, 141, 149, 155, 167, 168, 177, 214, 221, 223, 225, 227 Dukerich, J. M., 199, 226 Dutton, E. J., 199 E Edström, A., 63, 74 Education Law (1995), 90 Edwards, M. R., 197, 199, 200, 206 Edwards, V., 1, 4, 5, 60, 67, 71, 75, 214 efficiency wages, 145 E-HRM system, 115 Eisenberger, R., 45, 194, 195, 197–200 El Mansour, B., 96 elastic wages, 145 Eldridge, D., 116, 133, 224 Electronic-Integrated Public Service Evaluation System, 115 Electronics A, 33, 62–4, 67–70, 97, 98, 100, 102, 104, 122, 123, 126, 129, 150–2, 170, 181, 182 Electronics B, 33, 62, 63, 67, 69, 73, 97, 100, 102, 104, 122, 123, 129, 150–2, 174, 181, 183 employee-oriented IHRM, 9, 10 Enderwick, P., 95 Engle, A. D., 20, 48, 78, 107, 136, 162, 187, 229, 230, 243, 245 INDEX   Enterprise Employee Training Regulations (1996), 90 Enterprise Management Training Plan (1996), 90 Eriksson, S., 99 Eschbach, D. M., 95 European Union (EU), 157–8 Evans, J., 10, 21 Evans, P., 6, expatriate failure, 4, 59, 67, 70, 141, 186 exploratory factor analysis (EFA), 44 Export-Import Bank of Korea, 31 external CSR-supportive IHRM, F factor analysis, 44 family-friendly HRM, 10 Farh, C. I C., 191, 192, 225 Farh, J., 121 Farndale, E., 70 Feely, A. J., 99, 104 Feisel, E., 20, 108, 247 Feldman, D. C., 101, 223 Fenwick, M., 126 Ferner, A., Ferris, G. R., 194, 198 Festing, M., 113, 218 Festinger, D., 48, 254 Fey, C. F., 22, 258 Fields, D., 162, 243 FIEs See foreign-invested enterprises (FIEs) Finance A, 34, 62, 69, 70, 97, 98, 102, 103, 122, 123, 129, 131–3, 149, 150, 152, 170, 174, 175, 182 Finland, 178, 179 Fisher, C. D., 40 fixed wage, 146 Fletcher, C., 119 277 flexible HRM, 10 flexible wage, 146 flexpatriates, 74, 168, 169, 172, 177, 182, 183, 185 Flick, U. W E., 40 floating wage system, 145 Florkowski, W. G., 23, 262 Flynn, M., 66 focal components, 158, 160, 220 foreign direct investment (FDI), 1–2, 12–15, 17, 220 foreign-invested enterprises (FIEs), 55, 57, 90–2 foreign service premiums, 149 foreign travelers (trouble shooters), 168 Forster, N., 71 Fortune 500 index, 2, 12 French, J. R P., 47, 239 frequent flyers, 169 Fuller, J. B., 209, 246 Furnham, A., 121 Furuya, N., 70 G Gabris, G. T., 120 Galbraith, J. R., 63, 74 Gamble, J., 92, 93, 104, 214 Gan, P. S., 112, 271 Ganapathi, E. J., 23, 210, 261 Gao, F. Y., 57 Garavan, T. N., 120 Ge, L., 78, 106, 162, 235, 243 general CSR, General Motors Acceptance Corporation, 169 A Generic IHRM Model, 6, George, G., 139, 264 Geppert, M., 60, 61 Gerbing, D. W., 38 Germany, 8, 12, 32, 66, 157 www.ebook3000.com 278   INDEX Gertsen, M., 95 Ghafoor, S., 194 Gibney, R., 196 Gilliland, T., 134, 236 Glaister, K. W., 20, 243 Glavas, A., 198, 226 Global Relocation Services, 169, 184 Glover, L., 58, 59 GMA News, 143 Golden, B. R., 208, 230, 244 Gong, Y., 61, 92, 144 Gong-chae (open recruitment), 52–4 Goodall, K., 91 goodness of fit, 46 Gosling, S. D., 46 Gray, S. J., 5, 95 Graziano, W. G., 46 Greece, 8, 157 Greening, D. W., 206 Gregersen, H. B., 118, 120, 121, 124, 133 Griffeth, R. W., 207, 212, 229, 235, 269 grounded theory, 28, 29 guanxi, 92, 118 Gudykunst, W. B., 96 Gunderson, M., 147 H Haier, 147 Hall, D. T., 194 Hall, L., 10 Hamill, J., 141 Hana Financial Group, 115 Han, J., 57 Han, T. S., 19, 208, 229, 240 hard goals, 124 hardship premiums, 149 Harquail, V. C., 208, 244 Harris, H., 66, 94 Harris, M. M., 120 Harrison, D. A., 65 Hart-Landsberg, M., 14 Hartmann, E., 8, 91, 99 Hartmann, L., 81, 188, 231, 254 Harvey, M., 64, 101, 168, 169, 173, 185, 223 Harzing, A. W., 5, 8, 66, 67, 71, 99, 104, 131, 157, 194, 219, 220, 224 Haslam, S. A., 199, 226 HCN-MNE relationship, 194, 198 headquarters, 5–7, 34, 51, 62, 64, 65, 70, 73, 74, 93, 98, 100, 101, 103, 104, 119, 121, 122, 125, 130, 132, 133, 149, 150, 152, 159, 174, 175, 181–5, 227 Heenan, D. A., 5, 60 Herrmann, P., 101, 102 Hester, K., 209, 246 high-commitment HRM, 2, 10, 45, 46, 192, 195–8, 200, 202–7, 216–17, 221–2, 225, 226, 228 Hite, J. M., 136, 247 Hlasny, V., 55, 56 Hofstede, G., 178 Holmes, J. J., 211, 264 home-based approach (balance sheet approach), 6, 103, 130, 132, 149, 155, 156, 158, 160, 178, 182, 215 Horak, S., 53, 54 Horwich, G., host-based approach (local going rate), 6, 103, 149, 155–6, 158 host country nationals (HCNs), 2–6, 9, 18, 28, 30, 40, 44, 45, 47, 51, 58, 60–2, 64, 65, 67–9, 74, 75, 85, 92, 93, 98–105, 113, 118, 120–34, 141, 148, 149, 151–5, 158–60, 170, 173, 175, 177, 186, 191–200, 203–7, 213, 215–28 INDEX   housing fund (zhu fang gong ji jin), 145, 146, 153 HR ethics, Huawei, 147 Hu, F., 57 Hu, J., 209, 230, 249 Huang, S. C., 95 hukou (household registration), 69 Hundley, V., 37 Huo, Y. P., 119 Hutchings, K., 63, 67, 95, 96 Hutchinson, S., 197, 226 Hyde, K. F., 30 Hyun, J. H., 83, 111, 140, 164, 232, 265 Hyundai India, 148 Hyundai Motor Company, 58, 93, 99, 133, 148 I Idrees, F., 209, 246 Ihrke, D. M., 120 Ilies, R., 193 immersion approach, 94 Indonesia, 12, 32 Industrial Revolution, information-giving approach, 94 An Integrative Framework of Strategic IHRM, 6, An Integrative Model of SIHRM, 6, International business travelers, 168, 169, 172 International human resource management (IRHM) approaches globalization, 3, 5, home-orientation, 5, integration, 5, 6, 206, 222 localization, 5, 7, 8, 157 interplay, iron chair (state-controlled appointment), 55 279 iron rice bowl (lifetime employment), 55 iron wage system (tie gong zi), 55, 143, 144 Ismail, K. M., 210, 260 J Jack, S., 29 Jackson, S., 121, 144, 145 Jackson, S. E., 139, 265 Jang, I. C., 54 Jang, S. Y., 54 Janssens, M., 6, 124 Japan, 8, 32, 157, 158 Jaussaud, J., 90 Javed, B., 209, 246 Jawahar, I. M., 121, 126 Jenkins, R., Jhun, S., 114 ji (achievement), 117 Jiang, K. F., 195, 206, 222 Jiang, M., 55, 56 Johnson, E. C., 45, 192, 193, 203 Johnson, R. B., 30 joint ventures (JV), 16, 31, 33, 34, 57, 59, 90, 92, 117, 133, 145, 146 Jones, J., 208, 244 Joshi, A., 208, 229, 239 Judge, T. A., 193 Jung, K. H., 77, 107, 135, 162, 241 K Kabanoff, B., 81, 231, 257 Kang, H. Y., 2, 29, 66, 73, 75, 99, 185, 217 Kayes, D. C., 95 Kearney, R. P., 86 Kelly, A., 73 Kelly, B., 22, 256 Kerr, J. L., 87 www.ebook3000.com 280   INDEX Khan, U. F., 209, 246 Khilji, S., 138, 260 Kidd, M. P., 144, 145 Kim, C. S., 54 Kim, D. H., 158 Kim, H., 55 Kim, H. D., 143 Kim, H. R., 45 Kim, J. W., 55, 87, 115 Kim, K. H., 58, 59, 75, 94, 105, 215 Kim, L., 54 Kim, M., 86 Kim, N. M., 48 Kim, P. S., 114 Kim, S., 54, 142 Kim, Y., 5, 57 Klein, M. R., 48, 209, 249 Klimchak, M., 211, 264 Knappert, L., 136, 230, 245 Knight, C., 199, 226 Kobin, U., 99 Kobrin, S. J., 1, Koch, M., 53 Kollinger, I., 81, 188, 231, 254 Kong, D., 115 Kopp, R., Korea Eximbank, 12, 14, 16, 170 Korean Air, 86 Korzec, M., 145 KPMG, 184, 216 Kraimer, M. L., 188, 210, 260, 262 Kramer, M. R., 196, 198 Kreiner, G. E., 199 Kristof-brown, A. L., 48, 209, 249 Kuhlmann, T. M., 63, 67 Kulkarni, M., 71 Kumra, S., 94 Kwon, D. B., 80, 250 Kwon, S. H., 80, 109, 137, 162, 230, 251 L Labor Law of the People’s Republic of China (1994), 56, 145 labor model, 144 Landeta, J., Lane, C., 101 Lang, B., 65, 74, 75, 95, 96, 172, 184 Langfield-Smith, K., 46 Lansbury, D. R., 58, 92, 93, 99, 104, 105, 118, 133, 148, 215, 219 Lasserre, P., 63 Latham, G. P., 126 Lau, C. M., 22, 257 Law, K. S., 101, 173 Lawler, J. J., 59 Lazarova, M., 71, 75, 173, 223 Le Menestrel, M., 25, 268 Lee, C. H., Lee, C. W., 12 Lee, E., 142 Lee, G., 24, 264 Lee, H. C., 53, 54 Lee, H. T., 48, 250 Lee, J. Y., 49, 259 Lee, K. W., 85, 86 Lee, M., 48, 250 Lee, S., 78, 242 Lee, S. H., 252 Lee, T. Z., 95 Lee, Y. I., 52, 54 Legewie, J., 102 Lengnick-Hall, M. L., 80, 251 Lenihan, M., 23, 262 Lenovo, 90, 92 Lepak, D., 209, 210, 230, 249, 257 Lertxundi, A., Leung, A., 55 Leung, C. M., 57 LG, 86, 88, 114, 143 Li, J., 75 Li, Y. Q., 89–91 INDEX   lian (freedom from corruption), 117 Liden, R. C., 209, 245 Lim, A. S., 135, 241 Lim, J. C., 54 Lin, C. Y Y., 65, 95 Lin, S. Y., 87 Lindgreen, A., 21, 163, 254 Lindholm, N., 126 Littler, C. R., 144, 145 Littrell, L. N., 95 Liu, E., 143 Liu, S., 112, 272 Liu, X., 90 Liu, Y., 212, 271 Locke, E. A., 126 Logger, E., 113, 119, 120 longevity pay, 145 Loosemore, M., 66, 70, 96 Lorange, P., 6, Lowe, K. B., 141 Lu, Y., 57, 91, 92, 117, 146 Lui, S. Y., 22, 257 Luk, V. W M., 161, 240 Lynch, P., 208, 244 M Ma kela, K., 74 MacCallum, R., 46 MacKenzie, S. B., 49, 259 MacVaugh, J., 10 Mael, F., 196, 199 Mahajan, A., 155, 197 Mahoney, J. T., 170 Maley, J. F., 124, 129 management by objective (MBO), 114, 116 Manolopoulos, D., 194 Maon, F., 9, 149 Marchant, T., 77, 240 Marczyk, G., 30 Marshall, C., 37 281 Martin, D. C., 120, 121 Martins, D., 66 Marxist collectivist ideology, 55 Mayerhofer, H., 74, 169, 172, 173, 177, 178, 184, 185, 216 Maylor, H., 37 Mayrhofer, W., 5, 6, 168, 177 McClean, E., 10, 195, 205, 217, 221 McGovern, P., 124 McPherson, A. H., 85 medical care, 149 Mehegan, P., 95 Meiksins P., 8, 130, 131, 157, 219, 220 Mendenhall, M. E., 96 Meng, X., 144, 145 Mercer, 170 Merriam, S., 54 Meyer, J. P., 195 Meyer, K. E., Mezias, J. M., 101 Michailova, S., 172 Michelitsch-Riedl, G., 81, 188, 231, 254 Milkovich, G. T., 19, 161, 229, 237 Miller, E. L., 189, 265 Milliman, J., 126 Millington, A., 19, 238 Mills, T., 78, 243 Minbaeva, D. B., 172 Minimum Wage Act, 143 minimum wage regulation, 147 Mitchell, M. S., 198 Mitra, A., 19, 161, 229, 237 Mitrev, S., 95 Mitsuhashi, H., 22, 258 Mizoguchi, S., 188, 261 mobility premiums, 149 Mohrman, A. M Jr, 138, 257 Mol, S. T., 65 Morgan, G., Morgeson, F. P., 209, 248 www.ebook3000.com 282   INDEX Morley, M. J., 66 Morris, J. L., 77, 239 Morris, M., 94 Morris, R., 38 Morris, S. S., 78, 245 Morrison, A., 19, 237 Morrison, E. W., 44 Mossholder, K. W., 198, 222 Muchinsky, P. M., 124 Mudambi, R., 22, 255 multinational enterprises (MNEs) American, 5, 8, 64, 66, 92, 95, 96, 101, 105, 119, 120, 130, 133, 141, 157, 173, 214, 215 Australian, 5, 64, 66, 70, 75, 95, 96, 169, 172, 173, 214 Austrian, 169, 172, 177, 178 British, 64 Chinese, 1, 58, 64, 67, 69, 74, 75, 95, 96, 105, 106, 121, 132–4, 159, 207, 214, 215, 219 Danish, 172 European, 5, 75, 95, 96, 101, 214 Finnish, 101, 120, 121, 172, 178, 179, 185, 186 French, 169 German, 8, 64, 66, 102, 130, 157 Indian, 1, 64 Japanese, 5, 8, 64, 66, 99, 101, 102, 130, 157 New Zealand, 95 Portuguese, 66 Scandinavian, 95 South Korean, 1, 11–14, 28, 51, 58–60, 85, 92–3, 103, 113, 118–19, 131, 141, 148–9, 167–86, 207 Swedish, 99 Taiwanese, 95 UK, 101 Munyon, T. P., 209, 245 Muratbekova-Touron, M., Murphy, K. R., 120 Murray, T. R., 30 Myers, M. D., 28, 30, 38 Myloni, B., 8, 131, 157 N Nahrgang, J. D., 209, 248 Nakamura, H., 188, 261 Nam, S. H., 80, 251 Napier, N., 24, 232, 266 Narula, R., 22, 255 Nathan, B. R., 121 national cultural view, 8, 103, 215, 228 neitui (internal retirement), 56 neng (ability), 117 network-based recruitment, 57 Neuman, W. L., 38 New HRM, 11, 52 Newman, A., 57 Newton, S., 71, 75, 214 Ng, I., 78, 242 Ng, S. H., 55 Ngo, H. Y., Nguyen, T. N., 90 Ni, X., 117 Nicholson, J., 165, 269 Nigam, R., 64 Nishii, L. H., 195 Noethen, D., 167 non-traditional expatriates, 18, 28, 29, 36, 40, 47, 161, 167–86, 213, 214, 216, 220, 224, 225, 228 North America, 12, 33, 169 Novicevic, M. M., 108, 247 Nyland, C., 165, 272 O Oddou, G., 120 OECD, 14 Oh, I., 12 one-belt, one-road (OBOR), 16 INDEX   one-way selection, 74, 75, 214, 228 Onwuegbuzie, A. J., 30 Open Door Policy, 15 Orlitzky, M., 196, 198 Osland, A., Osland, J. S., Ostroff, C., 226 overtime pay, 148, 149 P Paauwe, J., 6, paid time-off, 149 Paik, Y. S., 59, 73, 95, 98, 99, 148, 214 Palazzo, G., Pan, Q. H., 14 Pan, Y. G., 162, 250 Parboteeah, P. K., 163, 258 parent country national (PCN), 60, 63, 168, 169 Park, B. S., 12 Park, H. J., Park, H. S., 162, 250 Park, H. Y., 107, 240 Park, S., 109, 250 Park, W. S., 52, 53, 114 Park, W. W., 11, 52 Parker, G. E., 107 Pascha, W., 76, 238 Pattie, M., 71, 193 Peccei, R., 199, 200, 206 Peiperl, M., 63, 64, 66 Peloza, J., 222 Peltokorpi, V., 61, 63 Peng, S., 112, 269 pension plans, 10, 149 Performance Agreement System, 115 performance-related pay (PRP), 40, 42, 147, 148, 151, 216 peripheral components, 158, 160, 161, 220, 224, 228 283 Perlmutter, H. V., 4, 5, 60, 61 Perrin, S., 12 Perry, P., 119 personal and intrapersonal factors, 66, 191, 192, 206, 207, 221 Peterson, R. B., 101, 173 Petrovic, J., 173 Pfeffer, J., 126, 196, 198 Pfoertsch, W., 112, 272 phenomenological approach, 28 Piccolo, R. F., 193 Pichler, S., 50, 212, 232, 233, 269 pilot study, 37, 38 Pinneau, S. R., 47, 239 Pittenger, D. J., 50, 270 planned economy, 14, 55, 89, 116 Ployhart, R. E., 61 Podsakoff, N. P., 49, 259 Podsakoff, P. M., 46 Pohang Iron and Steel Company (POSCO), 86 political attitudes, 57, 75, 87, 125 Poon, H. F., 116 Porter, M. E., 196, 198 position and skill-based pay (gangwei jineng gongzi), 144 position wage, 42, 143, 145–7, 149–53, 155, 159, 179 post-arrival training, 4, 40, 85, 93, 94, 96, 103, 104, 180, 181, 185, 215, 218, 223 Powell, W. W., 156 Pratt, M. G., 199 premature return, 59, 65, 67, 74, 141 PricewaterhouseCoopers, 169, 172, 177 private-owned enterprises (POEs), 57, 90, 116, 117, 147 promotion, 9, 11, 52, 55, 58, 59, 72, 87, 88, 91–3, 100, 102, 105, 113, 114, 116, 117, 119, 121–4, 173, 176, 196, 197, 223, 226 www.ebook3000.com 284   INDEX pro-social behavior, 192 psychological contract theory, 194 Pucik, V., 54 Pudelko, M., 8, 131, 157, 219, 220, 224 pull effect, 156 Punch, K. F., 34 Purcell, J., 197, 226 push effect, 156 Pyun, C., 80, 250 Q Qiao, J. S., 91 Qiao, K., 116 qin (diligence), 117 Qin, J., 191, 193, 194 Quer, D., 23, 260 R Ragin, C. C., 27 Raharjo, K., 111, 265 Rayton, B., 19, 238 realist approach, 28 recruitment and selection, 2, 3, 8, 9, 18, 36, 40, 45, 47, 51–76, 168, 178–80, 184, 186, 196, 214, 216, 222, 224–6 Redman, T., 198 Rees, C. J., 101 relative strength effect, 134, 215, 219, 228 Renminbi (RMB), 42, 143–5, 147, 148, 150–3, 184 Rentfrow, P. J., 48, 246 repatriates, 34, 70–3, 75, 94, 97, 100–2, 105, 173, 176, 178, 214, 223, 228 repatriation, 40, 41, 51, 60, 61, 70–5, 101, 102, 155, 185, 217, 223, 228 resource-based theory, 170 reward and compensation, 2, 3, 8, 18, 36, 40, 42, 134, 141–61, 213, 214, 216, 219, 220, 224, 228 Reynolds, C., 155 Rhe, D. K., 11 Rhee, S. Y., 137, 249 Rhoades, L., 197, 198, 200 Richard, O. C., 194 Richards, L., 38 Richardson, H. A., 210, 231, 256 Rienda, L., Riikkilä, T., 111, 265 Ring, P. S., 98 Riordan, C. M., 212, 269 risk-taking behavior, 191 Riusala, K., 189, 232, 265 Roberts-Thompson, G. P., 140, 268 Robie, C., 94 Roche, W. K., 85 Rogers, R., 134, 237 root mean-square error of approximation (RMSEA), 44, 46, 202–4 Rosenzweig, P. M., 156 Rossman, G. B., 37 Rousseau, D. M., 194, 197 Rowley, C., 11, 52, 54, 55, 87, 114, 115, 143, 147, 168 Roy, M., 134, 236 Rupp, D., 9, 206 S Salas, E., 95 Samnani, A. K., sampling approach: purposive sampling, 31 random sampling, 31 snowball sampling, 31 Samsung, 53, 54, 88, 168 Sanchez, J. I., 96 INDEX   Sanchez Vidal, E. M., 71 Santoso, J., 66, 70, 96 Sanz Valle, R., 82, 261 Sapouna, P., 209, 254 Sayim, K. Z., 8, 156–8 Scandura, T. A., 101 Schaaper, J., 169 Schaubroeck, J., 120 Scheier, M. F., 126 Schell, M. S., 149, 156 Schensul, J. J., 27, 28 Schlosser, F., 197 Schmidt, A., 188, 254 Schneider, B., 210, 257 Schober, H., 20, 108, 247 Schroeder, D. A., 46 Schuh, A., Schuler, R. S., 1, 6, 7, 40, 74, 76, 121, 130, 157, 221 Scott, W. R., 156 Scullion, H., 1, 3, 4, 51, 70, 101 sea turtles, 57 sea weeds, 58 Seak, N., 95 self-evaluation, 42, 114, 116, 117, 121–3, 132, 182 Selmer, J., 96, 100 seniority, 11, 52, 54, 87, 88, 92, 102, 105, 114, 116, 142, 148 SERI, 11 Settoon, R. P., 210, 231, 256 Shaffer, M. A., 65, 168 Shanghai, 147 Shang, J., 222 Shanxi, 147 Shapiro, D. L., 194, 198 Sharma, J., 24, 262, 263 Sharma, S., Sharpe, D., 22, 256 Shay, J. P., 120 Sheehan, C., Sheikh, A. Z., 57 Sheldon, P., 84, 109, 253, 272 285 Shelton, T., 155 Shen, J., 1, 2, 4–10, 29, 45, 56, 60–2, 65–7, 71, 73–5, 89, 94–6, 100, 101, 105, 116–19, 121, 124, 125, 129, 130, 133, 141, 147, 149, 156, 159, 172, 184, 185, 191, 196–8, 206, 214, 217, 221, 222, 226 Shen, Y., 194 Shim, W. S., 163, 258 Shin, J., 209, 230, 245 Shin, K. U., 25, 269 Shore, L. M., 194, 198 Shortell, S. M., 208, 230, 244 short-term assignees, 43, 74, 168–70, 172, 178–81, 184, 185 Siders, M. A., 125 Singh, J. V., 156 Singh, P., SK Telecom, 115 Slater, J. R., 56, 57 Slocum, J. W., 58, 59, 75, 87, 94, 105, 215 Sluss, D. M., 196 small or medium enterprises (SMEs ), 53, 58 Smith, C. A., 195 Smith, D., 46 Smith, K. G., 45 Smith, M. A., 193 Snape, E., 198 social categorization, 39, 45, 192, 193, 201, 203, 221 social constructionist approach, 28 social exchange theory, 195, 196, 222 social identity theory, 196, 199, 222 socialist market economy, 14 socialist planned economy, 14 socially responsible HRM (SRHRM), 2, 5, 8, 10, 39, 45, 46, 192, 195–6, 198–207, 216, 217, 221, 222, 225, 226, 228 social security benefits, 149 www.ebook3000.com 286   INDEX socio-cultural factors, 4, 7, 61 soft-goals, 124 Sohn, J. D., 59, 73, 98, 214 Solomon, C. M., 149, 156 Solutions Consultant, 118 Sommer, S. M., 126 Southeast Asia, 11, 12 South Korea Government, 10, 92, 115 Soviet model, 143 Sparrow, P. R., 119 Spector, P. E., 110, 261 Speier, C., 108, 247 split-pay approach, 155 Srinivas, E. S., 191–3, 197, 205, 221 staffing approaches ethnocentric, 59–62, 65, 73, 102, 170, 175, 214, 215, 219 geocentric, 60–2 polycentric, 59–62, 65, 73, 75, 170, 175, 214, 228 regiocentric, 60–2 Stahl, G. K., 173 standardization, 130, 131 Stanton, P., 8, 113, 133, 157, 220, 224 Starr, T. L., 178 Steers, R. M., 80, 251 Stellmacher, J., 212, 268 Stevens, M. J., 79, 246 Stiles, P., 78, 138, 245, 255 Stinglhamber, F., 208, 244 Stoeberl, P. E., 107, 244 Stone, J. R, 4, 129 strategic alignment view, strategy, 3, 5, 7, 33, 46, 61, 71, 90, 99, 113, 119, 174 Stringfield, P., 121 Stroh, L. K., 6, 51, 71 structural equation modeling (SEM), 18, 38, 46, 47, 200 structural wages, 145 Su, Z., 64 Sucharski, I. L., 208, 244 Suh, C. S., 80, 109, 137, 162, 230, 251 Summers, J. K., 209, 245 Sun, B., 144 Sun, J. M., 109, 253 Sutton, C., 29, 34 Sutton, K. L., 162, 250 Suutari, V., 74, 98, 101, 119–21, 129, 141, 168, 169, 177–9, 185, 186, 224 Swaen, V., 21, 163, 254 Swann, W. B Jr., 48, 246 Swanson, D. L., 8, 196, 198 Syrjäkari, S., 189, 232, 265 T Tahvanainen, M., 119–21, 129, 168, 169, 172, 173, 177–9, 185, 186, 220, 224 Tajfel, H., 196, 222 Tan, D., 170 Tan, H., 19, 238 Tang, N., 83, 264 Tang, T. L P., 161, 240 Tansky, J., 81, 258 Tarique, I., Tatoglu, E., 20, 243 Taylor, E. C., 194 Taylor, R., 58, 59, 73, 92, 104, 105, 118, 132, 133, 148, 215, 219 Taylor, S., 6, 7, 221 TCL, 147 Telecom A, 31–2, 35–7, 41, 42, 62–4, 67, 69, 70, 73, 98, 100, 122, 123, 126, 127, 129, 131, 150–4, 170, 171, 175, 180–4 Telecom B, 32, 35–7, 41, 62–4, 67–70, 73, 99, 100, 122, 123, 126, 127, 129, 131, 150, 152, 154, 171, 174, 181 INDEX   Telecom C, 16, 31, 33, 35–7, 41–3, 62, 63, 68, 72, 73, 97, 102, 115, 122, 123, 125–7, 129, 131, 150, 151, 154, 170, 171, 175, 182 Telecom D, 34–7, 62–4, 72, 73, 97, 98, 122, 128, 129, 131, 132, 149, 153, 154, 170, 171, 174, 176, 182, 183 Templer, K. J., 66 Tepper, B. J., 194 Thakur, R., 16 Tharenou, P., 60, 64, 168, 169, 173, 185 third country national (TCN), 3–4, 51, 62, 98–104 Thomas, D. C., 101, 223 Thompson, L. F., 76, 236 Three Systems Reforms, 15, 55 Thye, S., 193 Tianjin, 16, 35, 148 Tian, X., 58, 60, 147 Tibet, 147 Tjosvold, D., 193 Toh, S. M., 45, 173, 191–3, 197, 203, 205, 221 Tolentino, P. E., 12 Torbiorn, I., 111, 262 Tornikoski, C., 141 Torrington, D., 114, 149 training and development, 2, 3, 8, 18, 36, 40, 41, 76, 85–106, 126, 213, 214, 217, 228 training rigor, 94 Tran, E., 94, 96 Trevor, J., 78, 245 Truong, Q., 110, 257 Tsai, C. J., 92 Tsang, E. W K., 66, 145 Tsui, A., 194 Tucker-Lewis index (TLI), 44, 46, 202–4 Tung, R. L., 1, 2, 4, 5, 61, 66, 67, 96, 101, 105, 143, 173, 214, 223 287 Tungli, Z., 63, 64, 66 Turban, D. B., 206 Turkey, 1, 8, 33, 157 Turner, J. C., 196, 222 Two Dimensions of IHRM Model, 6, Two Logistic Approach Model, 6, Two-way selection, 56, 222 type or niche of industry, Tziner, A., 124 U United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), 12, 15 University of South Australia (UniSA), 30 urban resident consumption price index, 147 US, 1, 4, 5, 8, 12, 14, 15, 31, 32, 59, 66, 95, 96, 101, 105, 119, 130, 133, 141, 150, 157, 173, 215 V Valk, R., 80, 251 Van den Born, F., 61, 63 Van den Hove, S., van der Molen, H. T., 81, 256 Van Dick, R., 199 Van Harrison, R., 47, 239 Van Maanen, J., 29 Van Vianen, A. E M., 48, 209, 249 Vance, C. M., 12, 95, 98, 99 Vandenberghe, C., 208, 244 van Teijlingen, E., 37 Varma, A., 44, 45, 191–4, 196, 197, 205, 221, 225 Vinke, R., 113, 119, 120 Vo, A., 8, 113, 133, 157, 220, 224 Von Glinow, M. A., 119, 149, 155 www.ebook3000.com 288   INDEX W wage scales, 146 Wagner, S., 107, 240 Wagner, U., 212, 268 Walsham, G., 29 Wang, C. Q., 19, 238 Wang, D., 212, 267 Wang, G. G., 91 Wang, J., 91 Wang, L. H., 145 Wang, W., 91 Wang, W. L., 92 Wang, X., 89 Wang, X. Y., 138, 260 Wang, Y. L., 94, 96 Wan-Huggins, V. N., 199 Warner, M., 15, 55–7, 75, 91, 116, 144, 146 Weathington, B. L., 38 Weber, R. P., 40 Weekley, J. A., 61 Wei, Q., 147 Wei, Y. C., 95 Welch, D. E., 6, 67, 78, 83, 96, 100, 101, 168, 169, 172, 177, 214, 225 Welch, L. S., 169, 177 Wentland, D. M., 155 Werbel, J., 101, 102 White, M. M., 258 Whitener, E. M., 197 Whitford, C. M., 124 Whitley, R., 168 Wiley, C., 96 Wilkinson, A., 58, 59 William, N., 46 Williams, C. A., 23, 210, 261 Williams, R., 203 Williams, R. S., 126 Willing, C., 28 Wittig-Berman, U., 172, 173 Wong, C. S., 101, 173 Wong, L. Y., 56, 57 Wood, E., 96 Wood, E. D., 96 Wood, S. J., 10 Woods, P., 118, 124 word of mouth, 57, 58 work–life balance, 4, 9, 195, 197, 226 World Trade Organization (WTO), 157 Worldwide International Assignments Policies and Practices Survey, 170 Worm, V., 169, 172 Wright, G. H., 66 Wright, P. M., 78, 245 Wu, J., 143, 194 Wu, W. Y., 95 Wuhan Iron and Steel Corporation, 147 X Xi Jinping, 16 Xin, K., 112, 272 Xiu, L., 147 Xu, G., 108, 249 Y Yamazaki, Y., 95 Yan, A., 71 Yang, H. S., 114, 115, 143 Yang, I., 73 Yang, S. B., 137, 251 Yang, W. G., 144 Yantai, 16, 35 Yao, S., 145 Ye, L., 117 Yeung, A., 90, 92 Yi, Y., 203 Yin, R. K., 27–9, 31, 34 Yonbongje, 142, 143 Yon-go (relation-based recruiting), 52, 53, 55 Yoo, K. S., 87 INDEX   Yoon, D. R., 168 Yoon, J., 193 Yu, G. C., 11, 52–4, 114 Yueh, L. Y., 146 Z Zagenczyk, T. J., 209, 246 Zappalà, G., Zeira, Y., 193 Zhang, M., 146 Zhang, X. F., 14 289 Zhang, Y., 212, 267 Zhao, H., 57 Zhao, S. M., 55 Zhao, W., 92 Zhou, X., 191, 193, 194 Zhou, X. G., 92 Zhu, C. J., 15, 66, 116, 144 Zhu, G., 84, 271 Zhu, J., 165, 269 Zou, M, 1, 4, 58, 59, 92, 93, 99, 104, 118, 132, 133, 148, 215, 219 www.ebook3000.com .. .International Human Resource Management in South Korean Multinational Enterprises Haiying Kang • Jie Shen International Human Resource Management in South Korean Multinational Enterprises... first scholarly efforts to outline and examine the international HRM practices used by managers in South Korean multinational enterprises operating in China Using both interview data and survey data,... practices, including international staffing, international training and development, international performance appraisal, and international compensation The authors have appropriately chosen China as