The analysis of total precipitable water from satellite and model data in viet nam from 2008 to 2017

THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY NGUYEN THI YEN THE ANALYSIS OF TOTAL PRECIPITABLE WATER FROM SATELLITE AND MODEL DATA IN VIET NAM FROM 2008 TO 2017 BACHELOR THESIS Study Mode: Full-time Major: Environmental Science and Management Faculty: Advanced Education Program Office Batch: 2014-2018 Thai Nguyen, 15/08/2018 Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry Degree Program Bachelor of Environmental Science and Management Student name Nguyen Thi Yen Student ID DTN1453110167 Thesis Title The Analysis Of Total Precipitable Water From Satellite And Model Data In Viet Nam From 2008 To 2017 Supervisor(s) Prof Dr Chian-Yi Liu National Central University, Taiwan Assoc.Prof Dr Tran Quoc Hung - Thai Nguyen University Signature of Agriculture and Forestry, Vietnam Abstract: ERA‐Interim is the latest global atmospheric reanalysis produced by the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Atmospheric water vapor from reanalysis provides better spatiotemporal resolution for longer period of time compare to satellite Reanalysis data is the product of numerical weather prediction model whereas satellite data is satellite onboard instrumental data In difference subplot in Vietnam have variety of topography and difference amount of annual rainfall, those are two factors that directly affect the flood situation in Vietnam, especially in recently years, this situation is more and more complex To study the climate in smaller spatial resolution over this complex topographic region, the water vapor measurement i is important We compared atmospheric total precipitable data from Atmospheric infrared sounder (AIRS) of Aqua satellite with European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF: ERA model estimation-a reanalysis model) over region within latitude interval 5ºN - 25ºN and longitude interval 100ºE - 120ºE and four sub regions in Vietnam from 2008 to 2017 This study has been conducted in order to see which of the dataset captures the topographic and climate impact on water vapor content of the region in better way The thesis indicates that AIRS data maybe consider better than ERA model estimated value for total precipitable water over the considered region Keywords TPW,TCWV, ERA-model estimation, AIRS measurement Number of pages 54 Date of 25th September, 2018 submission ii ACKNOWLEAGEMENT Foremost, I would like to say thanks to the cooperation between Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry and National Central University for providing me an amazing opportunity to internship in Taiwan It brings me great pleasure to work and submit my thesis for graduation I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my advisor Prof Dr Chian-Yi Liu for the continuous support of my thesis, for his patience, motivation, enthusiasm, and immense knowledge His guidance helped me in all the time of research and writing of this thesis I could not have imagined having a better advisor and mentor for my bachelor thesis His willingness to give his time so generously to help me finishing my internship in Taiwan I sincerely thanks to Assoc.Prof Dr Tran Quoc Hung for his patient guidance, enthusiastic encouragement and useful critiques of this research work and after I went to Taiwan, helping me to understand and complete proposal and thesis I would also like to thank the experts who were involved in the validation survey for this research project: Mr Chi-Hao Chiu and Ms Tran Huyen Trang Without their passionate participation and input, the validation survey could not have been successfully conducted I am really fortunate to be in Prof Dr Chian-Yi Liu’s lab Thanks to all the members in Professor Chian-Yi Liu’s laboratory who hearty help me a lot when I work in there I also thank to my family for providing me emotional, unceasing encouragement and physical and financial support At last, I would like to thank all ii those other persons who helped me in completing this report Because of my lack knowledge, the mistake is inevitable, I am very grateful if I receive the comments and opinions from teachers and others to contribute my report Sincerely, Nguyen Thi Yen iii TABLE OF CONTENT PART I: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Research rationale 1.2 Research objective 1.3 The question .2 1.4 The significant of the thesis 1.5 Limitations PART II REVIEW OF LITERATURE .4 2.1 Total Precipitable water 2.1.1 Water vapor 2.1.2 Total precipitable water 2.2 Model and Satellite data 2.2.1 ECMWF-Interim Daily (model data) 2.2.2 AIRS data (satellite data) .9 2.3 MATLAB software 12 PART III METHODOLOGY 15 3.1 Study Frame work 15 3.2 Description of the study area 15 3.2.1 South East Asia 16 3.2.2 Four sub regions 16 3.3 Data collection 18 3.3.1 Model Data collection (ERA-data) 18 3.3.2 Satellite data collection (AIRS data) 19 iv 3.4 Data analysis 21 PART IV RESULT .24 4.1 The difference between AIRS measured and ERA model estimated monthly TPW in four sub regions 24 4.1.1 Northwest region 24 4.1.2 Central Highlands region 28 4.1.3 Hoang Sa archipelagoes 32 4.1.4 Mekong Delta region 35 4.1.5 ERA model estimated and AIRS measured monthly total precipitable water 38 4.2 The difference between AIRS measured and ERA model estimated in study region and four seasons 39 4.2.1 General information 39 4.2.2 The difference between AIRS measured and ERA model estimated in study region 41 4.2.3 The difference between AIRS measured and ERA model estimated in difference season 43 PART 5: DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION .46 5.1 Discussion……………………………………………………………………… 46 5.2 Conclusion .48 REFERENCES 50 v LIST OF TABLES Table 4.1 ERA model estimated monthly data of TPW over Northwest .26 region (kgm-2) 26 Table 4.2 AIRS measured monthly data of TPW over Northwest region (kgm-2) .27 Table 4.3 ERA model estimated monthly data of TPW over Central Highlands 30 region (kgm-2) 30 Table 4.4 AIRS measured monthly data of TPW over Central Highlands region .31 (kgm-2) 31 Table 4.5 ERA model estimated monthly data of TPW over Hoang Sa archipelagoes region (kgm-2) 33 Table 4.6 AIRS measured monthly data of TPW over Hoang Sa archipelagoes region (kgm-2) 34 Table 4.7 ERA model estimated monthly data of TPW over Mekong Delta region (kgm-2) 36 Table 4.8 AIRS measured monthly data of TPW over Mekong Delta region .37 Table 4.9 ERA model estimation monthly data of TPW over study region 41 (kgm-2) 41 Table 4.10 AIRS measurement monthly data of TPW over study region (kgm-2) .42 Table 4.11 ERA model estimation and AIRS measurement of TPW in seasons in study region (kgm-2) 43 vi LIST OF FIGURES Figure 3.1 Study Frame work .15 Figure 3.2 Study Region within latitude interval 5ºN - 25ºN and longitude interval 100ºE - 120ºE and Four Sub regions (From Google Earth) 16 Figure 3.3 North West of Vietnam within latitude interval 21º15Ń-22º30Ń and longitude interval 103º30É- 104º45É (From Google Earth) .16 Figure 3.4 High Land of Vietnam within latitude interval 12º30Ń - 14º15Ń and longitude interval 107º45É - 108º45É (From Google Earth) 17 Figure 3.5 Hoang Sa Archipelagoes of Vietnam within latitude interval 15º45Ń 17º00Ń and longitude interval 111º15É - 113º00É (From Google Earth) 17 Figure 3.6 Mekong River Delta of Vietnam within latitude interval 9º30Ń - 10º45Ń and longitude interval 105º30É - 106º30É (From Google Earth) .18 vii Abbreviations AIRS : Atmospheric Infrared Sounder CC : Correlation coefficient ECMWF : European Center for Medium-range Weather Forecasts MATLAB : MATrix LABoratory PWV : Precipitable water vapor rmse : Root mean square error TCWV : Total column water vapor TPW : Total precipitable water viii REFERENCES Vietnamese Source Anh Tuan, Le (2009) , đặc điểm chế độ khí tượng - thủy văn vùng đồng sông cửu long, Đại học Cần Thơ Duc Hung, Hoang (2014) Nghiên cứu phân vùng khí hậu Tây Nguyên Đại học quốc gia Hà Nội – Trường Đại học Khoa học tự nhiên Phạm Hoàng Hải Nguyễn Thượng Hùng Nguyễn Ngọc Khánh (1997) Cơ sở cảnh quan học việc sử dụng hợp lí tài nguyên thiên nhiên, bảo vệ môi trường lãnh thổ Việt Nam Nhà xuất Giáo Dục Thanh Van,Nguyen (20-09-2015) Phân vùng khí hậu tỉnh miền núi Băc Bộ Tây Thanh Nghệ Tạp chí Các Khoa học Trái Đất, 37(3),pp 204-212 Tổng quan vùng đông Sông Cửu Long, MGIS: Hệ thống thông tin địa lý Đồng sông Cửu Long Retrieved from: https://mgis.vn/DBSCL%23khihau English Source from Article or Journal Bayat, A., & Mashhadizadeh Maleki, S (2018) Comparison of precipitable water vapor derived from AIRS and SPM measurements and its correlation with surface temperature of 29 synoptic stations over Iran Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics D.K Cassel, B.B Thapa, Editor(s): Daniel Hillel, , WATER CYCLE, Encyclopedia of Soils in the Environment, Elsevier, 2005, Pages 258-264, ISBN 9780123485304, Dee, D P., Uppala, S M., Simmons, A J., Berrisford, P., Poli, P., Kobayashi, S., … Vitart, F (2011) The ERA-Interim reanalysis: configuration and 50 performance of the data assimilation system Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological 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infrared sounder Retrieved from: https://airs.jpl.nasa.gov/data/overview 26 Dinh Hoang, Tran (2015), Viet Nam’s Sovereignty Over Hoang Sa And Truong Sa Archipelagoeses, Conversations on Vietnam Development Retrieved from: https://cvdvn.net/2015/05/26/viet-nams-sovereignty-over-hoang-sa-and-truongsa-Archipelagoeses/ 27 Karl Hennermann, last modified by Paul Berrisford (on Jun 19, 2018) ERAInterim: monthly means Retrieved from: https://confluence.ecmwf.int//display/CKB/ERA-Interim%3A+monthly+means 28 MATLAB numerical computing book Tutorial point simply easy earning Retrieved from : https://www.tutorialspoint.com/MATLAB/MATLAB_tutorial.pdf 29 Northwest Vietnam introduction, Website: alotrip.com Retrieved from: https://www.alotrip.com/about-vietnam-overview/northwest-vietnamintroduction 53 30 Paracel Islands (Hoang Sa Archipelagoess-2018), Wikipedia Retrieved from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paracel_Islands 31 Water vapor Wikipedia Retrieved from 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"What is Water Vapor? WeatherQuestions.com Retrieved from: http://www.weatherquestions.com/What_is_water_vapor.htm (page last updated 11/27/2010) 54 APPENDIX Figure AIRS measured and ERA model estimated Total Precipitable Water over Northwest area in Vietnam Figure AIRS measured and ERA model estimated Total Precipitable Water over Highland area in Vietnam Figure AIRS measured and ERA model estimated Total Precipitable Water over Hoang Sa Archipelagoes area in Vietnam Figure AIRS measured and ERA model estimated Total Precipitable Water over Mekong Delta area in Vietnam Figure ERA model estimated monthly Total precipitable water vapor over sub regions Figure AIRS measured monthly Total precipitable water vapor over sub regions Figure AIRS measured and ERA model estimated 47 SPRING 46 45 44 kg/m² 43 42 ERA 41 AIRS 40 39 38 37 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Yeas Figure AIRS measured and ERA model estimated Total precipitable water in Spring season over Study region 58 SUMMER 56 kg/m² 54 52 ERA 50 AIRS 48 46 44 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Years Figure AIRS measured and ERA model estimated Total Precipitable Water in Summer season over Study region 52 AUTUMN 50 kg/m² 48 46 ERA AIRS 44 42 40 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Years Figure 10 AIRS measured and ERA model estimated Total Precipitable Water in Autumn season over Study region Figure 11 AIRS measured and ERA model estimated Total Precipitable Water in Winter season over Study region Regions CC Difference (kgm-2) Rmse (kgm-2) Study region 0.989599 2.307865105 2.937282 North West (Viet Nam) 0.989732 5.668073936 6.679117 High Land (Vietnam) 0.984342 2.473533402 3.520053 Hoang Sa Archipelagoes (Viet Nam) 0.974498 -0.260735096 2.496876 Mekong Delta (Viet Nam) 0.981662 2.20805677 3.343541 Table CC, difference and rsme between AIRS measured and ERA model estimated Total precipitable water AIRS measured and ERA model estimated over CC Difference (kgm-2) 0.989599 0.938666 0.961409 0.991828 0.971788456 0.842835 4.545969471 0.907253 2.779991575 0.995263 0.899595 10 years AIRS measured (daytime average) and ERA model estimated over 10 years AIRS measured (nighttime average) and ERA model estimated in over years AIRS measured and ERA model estimated in Spring season over 10 years AIRS measured and ERA model estimated in Summer season over 10 years AIRS measured and ERA model estimated in Autumn season over 10 years AIRS measured and ERA model estimated in Winter season over 10 years Table CC and difference between AIRS measured and ERA model estimated Total precipitable water in different time and season Region Altitude Northern Southern Eastern Western Altitude Altitude Altitude Altitude 2000 2000-2500 500-1000 500 1000 500-600 >1000 600 >500 24ºC Table Climatology of four regions in Vietnam: Northwest, Highland, Hoang Sa archipelagoes and Mekong Delta Month Bias (kgm-2) Month Bias (kgm-2) Jan 1.84268806 Jul 11.08530243 Feb 1.565612256 Aug 9.877970247 Mar 3.299478068 Sep 8.428172391 Apr 4.930863149 Oct 5.217589825 May 6.228381237 Nov 3.221304481 Jun 10.1493531 Dec 2.170171982 Table Monthly Bias of ERA model estimated Total Precipitable Water with respect to AIRS over sub region Northwest Month Bias (kgm-2) Month Bias (kgm-2) Jan -0.093771572 Jul 5.212714772 Feb -0.31318183 Aug 5.071783058 Mar 0.57593568 Sep 4.200710233 Apr 0.735067966 Oct 3.00205832 May 2.551205364 Nov 2.53934834 Jun 4.407056341 Dec 1.793474146 Table Monthly Bias of ERA model estimated Total Precipitable Water with respect to AIRS over sub region Highland Month Bias (kgm-2) Month Bias (kgm-2) Jan -2.728743722 Jul 2.234965841 Feb -2.52495449 Aug 1.688020711 Mar -2.130752277 Sep 2.049188656 Apr -1.494951167 Oct 0.725090617 May -0.998794033 Nov 0.445351713 Jun 1.024363055 Dec -0.246130717 Table 7: Monthly Bias of ERA model estimated Total Precipitable Water with respect to AIRS over sub region Hoang Sa Archipelagoess Month Bias (kgm-2) Month Bias (kgm-2) Jan -0.18093817 Jul 3.990040134 Feb -0.470306035 Aug 5.081572422 Mar 0.393597572 Sep 3.996426396 Apr 0.139155824 Oct 2.376075088 May 1.902158449 Nov 2.695250755 Jun 4.35392087 Dec 2.237168302 Table8: Monthly Bias of ERA model estimated Total Precipitable Water with respect to AIRS over sub region Mekong Delta ... important in predict the weather It was a vital role to conduct research The Analysis of Total Precipitable Water from Satellite and Model Data in Viet Nam from 2008 to 2017 1.2 Research objective... the longitude and the coastal, will have a larger amount of total precipitable water in the air Therefore estimating the amount of precipitable water vapor in Vietnam is extremely important in. .. Pinker, R T., Pérez-Ramírez, D., & Willoughby, A A 2018) The total water vapor contained in a vertical column of atmosphere – from the surface of the earth to the end point of water vapor in the

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