Analysis of land use change and the worker’s perception towards changes from 2007 2017 a case study in nam tu liem district, hanoi, vietnam

THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY PAULINE VIOLANDA HOSTALERO ANALYSIS OF LAND USE CHANGE AND THE WORKER’S PERCEPTION TOWARDS CHANGES FROM 2007 – 2017: A CASE STUDY IN NAM TU LIEM DISTRICT, HANOI, VIETNAM BACHELOR THESIS Study Mode: Full-time Major : Environmental Science and Management Faculty : Advanced Education Program Office Batch : 2015 - 2018 Thai Nguyen, 15/11/2018 DOCUMENTATION PAGE WITH ABSTRACT Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry Degree Program Bachelor of Environmental Science and Management Student name: Pauline Violanda Hostalero Student ID: DTN1454290085 Thesis Title: Analysis of land use change and the worker’s perception towards changes from 2007-2017: A case study in Nam Tu Liem District, Hanoi, Vietnam Supervisor: Assoc Prof Nguyen Thi Ha Signature: Abstract: Land use change has been assessed widely using Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques A study about land use change along with the self-employed workers’ perception towards land use changes were carried out in Nam Tu Liem District, Hanoi, Vietnam The study examined and analyzed the land use changes occurred between 2007 and 2017 Three Landsat images were acquired including Landsat TM, Landsat ETM+, and Landsat OLI/TIRS for the year 2007, 2013, and 2017, respectively The result of the study shows that the built-up lands have increased and remained to be the dominant land among land use types in 2017 The agriculture has been declining mainly due to conversion into built-up land Other land use type including water, bare land, and vegetation have shown slight changes throughout the years Overall changes from 2007 to 2017 shown that built-up land gained the most and agriculture lost the most land Moreover, the land use change study only covers the general aspects which specific area such as residential, recreational, commercial etc are not included On ii the other hand, the perception study includes a total of 100 respondents, which are divided into three sectors: wholesale and retail; accommodation and catering services; and other services Major findings indicate that about two-thirds or 69% of respondents are aware of land use change happenings in the district However, almost one-third or 31% are unaware of the studied topic There are several factors that may affect the awareness of self-employed workers which will be cursory discussed in the study Furthermore, the study only focuses on the analysis of land use change and the self-employed worker’s perception towards changes This study in Nam Tu Liem District is just a first step to determine and understand the major drivers and impacts of changes in the area A detailed land use change study and a larger population size for perception studies are recommended in order for the government to formulate policies to achieve sustainable development Keywords: Land use change, urbanization, change detection, remote sensing, geographic information system, awareness Number of pages: 90 Date of Submission: 15/11/2018 iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to everyone that helped me to be where I am right now and to everyone that helped me to accomplish this study To my supervisor, Assoc Prof Nguyen Thi Ha from VNU University of Science, Ha Noi, for the guidance, help, suggestions, and encouragement in writing my bachelor thesis To Mr Nguyen Van Hieu from Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry, who has helped me a lot, especially for introducing GIS to me To Mr Nguyen Cong Doan of UBND Nam Tu Liem district who helped me with population data gathering despite of busy schedule To Ms Hong Ha and Ms Khanh Linh Vu for providing us the essential documents and requirements for the internship and for helping us since the beginning of our study in AEP I am grateful for the opportunity that the Advanced Education Program (AEP) gave me, specifically an opportunity to study here in Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry, in Thai Nguyen City, Vietnam I would like to extend my deepest gratitude to my friends: Jessica, Francina, Luis, Kristina, Enzo, Lester, AJ, Joy, and Vea I would like to thank them for lifting each other up, for helping me and one another in academic tasks and even personal challenges, also for sticking with one another through ups and downs I would also like to thank my Vietnamese friends: Chi Kieu Anh, Chi Minh Anh, Le Na, Chi Sam, and Chi Mai for helping me with translations and for being such a good chi to me since the start iv I will also be forever grateful to my family, for their moral support, love, and care And the last but not the least, to my God, who believes in me, who loves me, and who stays by my side since day one All praises and glory to Him! Pauline V Hostalero K46 NO2 v TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES viii LIST OF TABLES ix LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS x PART I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study 1.2 Background of the Study Area 1.3 Statement of the Problem 1.4 Research Objectives 1.5 Research Questions 1.6 Research Rationale 1.7 Limitations 1.8 Definitions and Concepts 10 PART II LITERATURE REVIEW 11 2.1 Land Use Change 11 2.1.1 What is Land Use Change? 11 2.1.2 Importance of Land Use Change 12 2.1.3 Land Use Change Detection using RS and GIS 13 2.2 Land Use Change Factors, Impacts, and Mitigations 14 2.2.1 Major Factors of Land Use Change 14 2.2.2 Impacts of Land Use Change 20 2.2.3 Mitigation for Land Use Change Impacts 25 2.3 Related studies on Land Use Change Worldwide 27 2.4 Related Studies on Land Use Change in Vietnam 28 vi 2.5 The Land use and the Workers Interactions in Vietnam 30 PART III: RESEARCH OBJECT AND METHODS 31 3.1 Research Object, Scope, and Content 31 3.1.1 Research Object 31 3.1.2 The scope of the research 31 3.1.3 The content of the research 31 3.2 Research Methods 32 3.2.1 Data Collection 32 3.2.2 Detection of Land Use Change 34 3.2.3 Surveying Worker’s Perception towards Land Use Change 43 PART IV RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 44 4.1 Land Use Change Detection 44 4.1.1 Land Use Classification 44 4.1.2 Accuracy Assessment of Land Use Classification 45 4.1.3 Land Use Change Detection 49 4.2 Worker’s awareness towards land use change 55 PART V CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 68 REFERENCES 71 APPENDICES 81 vii LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1.1 Location of the study area Figure Clipped image of the study area in 2007, 2013, and 2017 37 Figure Methods used for land use mapping 42 Figure The land use classes’ area in hectares 45 Figure The land use maps of Nam Tu Liem district in 2007, 2013, and 2017 48 Figure Land use change maps of Nam Tu Liem district from different years 51 Figure 4 The land use change map of Nam Tu Liem district from 2007 to 2017 52 Figure Gains and losses by each class between 2007 and 2013 (by hectares) 53 Figure Gains and losses by each class between 2013 and 2017 (by hectares) 54 Figure Gains and losses by each class between 2007 and 2017 (by hectares) 54 viii LIST OF TABLES Table Detailed description of collected satellite images 33 Table Landsat TM bands 35 Table 3 Landsat ETM bands 35 Table Landsat OLI/TIRS bands 36 Table Land use classes and its specification 38 Table Indices and its formula 39 Table The land use classes’ area and percentage in hectares 44 Table Confusion matrix for the year 2007 46 Table Confusion matrix for the year 2013 47 Table 4 Confusion matrix for the year 2017 47 Table Land use class conversions from 2007, 2013, and 2017 50 Table Gains and losses by each class between 2007 and 2017 54 Table Frequency and percentage of respondents awareness about land use changes in Nam Tu Liem 55 Table Source of awareness of the respondents towards land use change 56 Table Respondents who want land use change to continue 58 Table 10 Respondents who not want land use change to continue 58 Table 11 Major problems in the district due to land use change 59 Table 12 Changes that the respondents would like to see in the district 60 Table 13 The respondent’s level of education 61 Table 14 Number of unaware and aware respondents which are residents and migrants in Nam Tu Liem district 62 Table 15 Duration of the respondent’s residency 62 ix LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS BSI Bare Soil Index CE Commission Error DN Digital Number DOS Dark Object Subtraction ETM+ Enhanced Thematic Mapper GIS Geographic Information System HMP Hanoi Master Plan LUCC Land Use/Cover Change LULC Land Use and Land Cover LUC Land Use Change NDBI Normalized Difference Built-Up Index NDVI Normalized Difference Vegetation Index NDWI Normalized Difference Water Index NIR Near Infrared OE Omission Error OLI/TIRS Operational Land Imager and Thermal Infrared Sensor PA Producer’s Accuracy RS Remote Sensing SWIR Shortwave Infrared TOA Top of Atmosphere TM Thematic Mapper UA User’s Accuracy USGS United States Geological Survey x Neupane, K (2016) An Assessment of Land Use Land Cover Change in Barandabhar Forest Corridor, Chitwan District, Nepal Bachelor of Science in Forestry Degree Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu Forestry College, Kathmandu, Nepal Nhan Dan (2013) Hanoi has two new districts: Bac Tu Liem, Nam Tu Liem [Online] Retrieved from: http://en.nhandan.com.vn/society/item/2186002-hanoi-has-twonew-districts-bac-tu-liem-nam-tu-liem.html (Accessed on 20/03/2018) Okamoto, K., Sharifi, A., and Yoshihiro Chiba (2014) The Impact of Urbanization on Land Use and the Changing Role of Forests in Vientiane In: Yokoyama, S., Okamoto, K., Takenaka, C., and Hirota, I (eds.) 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No 16 23.2 Total 69 100.0 Appendix 4.6 Respondent’s view towards LULC impacts to their business B4 How does land use changes affect your business? Frequency Percent (%) Positive 64 92.8 Negative 7.2 Total 69 100.0 Appendix 4.7 Respondents’ view towards LUC Benefits B7 For the family For the ward For the district For other provinces For the Country Total Responses N Percent 25 22.9 29 26.6 7.3 4.6 42 38.5 109 100 Percent of Cases (%) 36.2 42.0 11.6 7.2 60.9 158.0 88 Appendix 4.8 Respondent’s views towards continuous changes B5 Shall the changes continue? Frequency Percent (%) Yes 57 82.6 No 12 17.4 Total 69 100.0 Appendix 4.9 The safety of the respondents B8 Aware Unaware Total Do you feel safe in your Yes 59 30 89 ward/district? No 10 11 Total 69 31 100 Appendix 4.10 Living satisfaction of the respondents B9 Aware Unaware Total Are you satisfied living in Yes 57 29 86 your ward/district? No 12 14 Total 69 31 100 Appendix 4.11 Income and standard of living status of the respondents B11 Aware Unaware Total Income status and standard Better 54 17 71 of living compared 10 years The same 14 14 28 ago? Worse 1 Total 69 31 100 89 APPENDIX The respondents in Nam Tu Liem District 90 ... workers’ perception towards land use changes were carried out in Nam Tu Liem District, Hanoi, Vietnam The study examined and analyzed the land use changes occurred between 2007 and 2017 Three Landsat... present change in land use and patterns in the future Also, to address main land use change drivers, and to implement effective land use planning in the future Land use and land cover change information... Land use and land cover affect each other in a way around Land use distresses land cover, whereas land cover change may also affect the land use (Riebsame et al., 1994) Land cover changes that are