A. CÁC KIẾN THỨC CƠ BẢN1.Relative PronounsAdverbsWho: thay thế cho dnah từ chỉ người, làm chủ ngữ trong câu.N (người) WHO VWhom: thay thế cho danh từ chỉ người, làm tân ngữ trong câu.N (người) WHOM SWhich: thay thế cho danh từ chỉ vật, làm từ nối thay thế cho cả mệnh đề.N (vật) WHICHThat: thay thế cho cả người và vật, không dùng sau dấu phẩy và giới từ.Khi đi sau so sánh nhất: the most, the best, the Xest…Khi đi sau: the first, last, second …Khi danh từ đi trước bao gồm cả người và vật.Khi đi sau các đại từ bất định, từ chỉ lượng: something, somebody… all, some, any…Whose: dùng để chỉ sở hữu.N WHOSE NWhere: làm tân ngữ thay thế cho danh từ chỉ nơi chốn (=inonat which)When: Làm tân ngữ thay thế cho danh từ chỉ thời gian (=inonat which)Why: Làm tân ngữ thay thế cho danh từ chỉ lí do (the reason why = for which)Quy tắc dấu phẩy: dùng dấu phẩy để ngăn cách mệnh đề quan hệ khi danh từ được bổ nghĩa là tên riêng hay được bổ nghĩa bằng tính từ sở hữu: my his her our… hay tính từ chỉ định: this that these those... hay các danh từ này chỉ các vật duy nhất: the moon, the Earth…Lược bỏ đại từ quan hệ: Khi đại từ quan hệ đóng vai trò tân ngữ trong câu và trước nó không có dấu phẩy hay giới từ, ta có thể bỏ đại từ quan hệ.Mệnh đề quan hệ có giới từ: Khi mệnh đề quan hệ có giới từ, ta có thể để giới từ ở trước hoặc sau mệnh đề quan hệ. trong trường hợp này, chỉ có thể dùng đại từ quan hệ whomwhichwhose.Mr. Brown, whom we studied with, is a nice teacher.Mr. Brown, with whom we studied, is a nice teacher.Dùng với các từ chỉ số lượng hay dạng so sánh: N, TCLSS of whomwhichwhose.I have two sisters, both of whom are students.
TOPIC: RELATIVE CLAUSES A CÁC KIẾN THỨC CƠ BẢN Relative Pronouns/Adverbs - Who: thay cho dnah từ người, làm chủ ngữ câu N (người) WHO V - Whom: thay cho danh từ người, làm tân ngữ câu N (người) WHOM S - Which: thay cho danh từ vật, làm từ nối thay cho mệnh đề N (vật) WHICH - That: thay cho người vật, không dùng sau dấu phẩy giới từ Khi sau so sánh nhất: the most, the best, the X-est… Khi sau: the first, last, second … Khi danh từ trước bao gồm người vật Khi sau đại từ bất định, từ lượng: something, somebody… all, some, any… - Whose: dùng để sở hữu N WHOSE N - Where: làm tân ngữ thay cho danh từ nơi chốn (=in/on/at which) - When: Làm tân ngữ thay cho danh từ thời gian (=in/on/at which) - Why: Làm tân ngữ thay cho danh từ lí (the reason why = for which) - Quy tắc dấu phẩy: dùng dấu phẩy để ngăn cách mệnh đề quan hệ danh từ bổ nghĩa tên riêng hay bổ nghĩa tính từ sở hữu: my his her our… hay tính từ định: this that these those hay danh từ vật nhất: the moon, the Earth… - Lược bỏ đại từ quan hệ: Khi đại từ quan hệ đóng vai trị tân ngữ câu trước khơng có dấu phẩy hay giới từ, ta bỏ đại từ quan hệ - Mệnh đề quan hệ có giới từ: Khi mệnh đề quan hệ có giới từ, ta để giới từ trước sau mệnh đề quan hệ trường hợp này, dùng đại từ quan hệ whom/which/whose Mr Brown, whom we studied with, is a nice teacher Mr Brown, with whom we studied, is a nice teacher - Dùng với từ số lượng hay dạng so sánh: N, TCL/SS of whom/which/whose I have two sisters, both of whom are students Reduced Relative Clauses - Khi đại từ quan hệ đóng vai trị làm chủ ngữ câu, ta rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ theo quy tắc sau: Câu chủ động: bỏ ĐTQH, động từ đưa thành V-ing The man who teaches us English is very cute The man teaching us English is very cute Câu bị động: Bỏ ĐTQH, động từ đưa thành khứ phân từ (Vp2) The students that were punished this morning were very lazy The students punished this morning were very lazy Khi trước N bổ nghĩa có: the first, the last, the second, the only, the next, so sánh nhất, bỏ ĐTQH, động từ đưa thành To V-inf I was the last person who left the room I was the last person to leave the room B CÁC DẠNG BÀI TẬP CƠ BẢN DẠNG 1: ĐIỀN ĐẠI TỪ/TRẠNG TỪ QUAN HỆ Phương pháp chung: Dạng đề người ta cho sẳn câu đã nối với chừa chỡ trống để thí sinh điền đại từ quan hệ vào Các bước làm dạng sau: - Quan sát danh từ bổ nghĩa (phía trước vị trí cần điền từ), xác định xem danh từ người hay vật quan sát từ phía sau phần cần điền đại từ/trạng từ quan hệ (1) Nếu danh từ bổ nghĩa người, từ phía sau chủ ngữ điền WHOM The man _ Mary is talking to is my English teacher Danh từ bổ nghĩa người (the man: người đàn ơng), phía sau từ cần điền chủ ngữ (Mary) từ cần điền WHOM (2) Nếu danh từ bổ nghĩa người, từ phía sau động từ điền WHO The boy _ is playing with Peter is my brother Danh từ bổ nghĩa người (the boy: cậu bé), từ phía sau động từ (is) nên từ cần điền WHO (3) Nếu danh từ bổ nghĩa vật, phía sau chủ ngữ động từ điền WHICH The tree _ I planted has been cut Danh từ bổ nghĩa vật (the tree: cây), phía sau chủ ngữ (I) nên từ cần điền WHICH (4) Nếu trước sau vị trí cần điền danh từ điền WHOSE The girl _ father I work with is very beautiful Ta thấy trước sau vị trí cần điền danh từ (the girl – father) nên từ cần điền WHOSE Với trường hợp (1) (2) (3), nhận thấy trước vị trí cần điền khơng có dấu phẩy, ta dùng đại từ THAT Trong trường hợp danh từ bổ nghĩa gồm người vật ta phải dùng THAT Cách phân biệt danh từ chủ ngữ: Danh từ không coi chủ ngữ danh từ “cởi truồng” – tức phía trước KHƠNG có từ xác định a an the, tính từ sở hữu hay tính từ định The dog _ my mother bought yesterday is cute Ta thấy trước danh từ mother có tính từ sở hữu my nên trường hợp my mother đóng vai trị làm chủ ngữ Danh từ bổ nghĩa vật (the dog: chó) nên từ cần điền WHICH Ta thất dấu phẩy trước từ cần điền nên dùng THAT trường hợp The dog _ owner is my neighbor is cute Ta thấy trước danh từ owner khơng có từ xác định nên trường hợp owner danh từ, khơng phải chủ ngữ Do đó, đại từ cần điền WHOSE WHEN , WHERE , WHY khơng làm chủ từ, ta thấy phía sau chưa có chủ ngữ ta phải dùng WHICH / THAT không dùng WHEN , WHERE , WHY Do you know the city _ is the capital of Vietnam? Ta nhận thấy city nơi chốn, không nên vội vàng điền WHERE Quan sát tiếp phía sau ta thấy kế bên IS - động từ Tức chỡ cần điền chủ ngữ Do đó, ta cần điền WHICH làm đại từ chủ ngữ, thay cho danh từ vật Nếu ta thấy rõ ràng thời gian, nơi chốn xem kỹ phía sau động từ người ta có chừa lại giới từ hay khơng, có khơng đuợc dùng WHEN , WHERE, WHY mà phải dùng WHICH / THAT The house _ I live in is nice Ta thấy house nơi chốn, vội điền WHERE, nhìn sau thấy có giới từ IN nên phải dùng WHICH /THAT Đôi giới từ đưa lên để sau danh từ bổ nghĩa, trường hợp ta dùng WHOM cho danh từ người, WHICH cho danh từ vật The house in WHICH I live is nice Bài tập ví dụ Choose the word that best completes each of the following sentences The hotel _ we stayed was not clean A who B that C where D when Tom, _ is a monitor of the class, is also the captain of the football A who B which C whom D that The street _ leads to my school is very narrow A who B which C whom D whose My friend, _ aunt is nurse, would like to be a doctor someday A who B whom C which D whose My father gave me the doll for _ I had been hoping A that B which C whom D whose Danang, _ is in the central of Vietnam, is a beautiful city A where B that C when D which We must find a time _ we can meet and a place _ we can talk A when/ which B which/where C which/which D when/where Do you know the girl to _ Tom is talking? A whom B what C which D whose I saw a lot of new people at the party, _ seemed familiar A some of whom B some of who C some of which D some of that 10 Ms Donaldson, teaches linguistics at the university, recently received recognition for her research A who B whom C which D that Answer Key: C Danh từ bổ nghĩa đóng vai trị làm trạng từ để nơi chốn câu A Danh từ bổ nghĩa danh từ người Phía sau từ cần điền động từ (IS) Khơng dùng THAT phía trước có dấu phẩy B Danh từ bổ nghĩa danh từ vật Phía sau từ cần điền động từ D Cả trước sau từ cần điền danh từ nên ta điền WHOSE B Danh từ bổ nghĩa danh từ vật, phía trước giới từ FOR nên cần điền WHICH D Danh từ bổ nghĩa danh từ vật, phía sau động từ (IS) Phía trước có dấu phẩy nên không dùng THAT Các danh từ bổ nghĩa danh từ thời gian nơi chốn Danh từ bổ nghĩa danh từ người phía trước có giới từ TO nên phải dùng WHOM Danh từ bổ nghĩa danh từ người, với từ số lượng (SOME OF) nên phải dùng WHOM 10 Danh từ bổ nghĩa danh từ người, phía sau động từ nên điền WHO Phía trước có dấu phẩy nên không dùng THAT DẠNG 2: CHIA ĐỘNG TỪ Ở DẠNG MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ RÚT GỌN Phương pháp chung: - Nhận biết mệnh đề rút gọn: Trong Tiếng Anh, mỡi mệnh đề có động từ, thấy câu đã có động từ mà đề yêu cầu chia động từ động từ cần chia dạng rút gọn The man (stand) _ over there is my brother Mệnh đề đã có động từ IS nên động từ cần chia dạng rút gọn - Cách chia động từ: Dựa vào quy tắc rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ, ta chia động từ rút gọn theo cách sau Nếu động từ dạng chủ động, đưa động từ thành V-ing Nếu động từ dạng bị động, đưa động từ thành Past Participle (quá khứ phân từ) Nếu phía trước danh từ bổ nghĩa có the first, the next, the last, the second, the only, the so sánh … đưa động từ To Infinitive (chủ động), To Be Past Participle (bị động) Nhận biết chủ động, bị động: (Ôn lại quy tắc nội động từ ngoại động từ) Nội động từ (không có tân ngữ phía sau): khơng có dạng bị động Ngoại động từ có tân ngữ phía sau câu chủ động, khơng có tân ngữ câu bị động 2 Ví dụ Choose word or phrase that best completes each of the following sentences The man _ along the corridor is our boss A to walk B walking C who walking D walks Little Women, _ in 1868, is my sister’s favorite book A a novel published C is a novel published B a novel was published D was a novel published The last student _ was Peter A interviewing B to interview C to be interviewed D interviewed He was the first man _ the burning building A leaving B left C to be left D to leave In the wake of increasing food poisoning, many consumers have to use vegetables _ organically A that grown B grown C which grows D are grown The students _ to take part in the English Speaking Contest three weeks ago were excellent A selected B were selected C to select D selecting The travel agent gave me a brochure _ all the needed information A contains B.to contain C containing D which contain The man _ part in the robbery refused to give any information A took B taking C to take D who take Answer Key: B Dạng rút gọn câu đã có động từ (IS) Dạng chủ động WALK nội động từ (Đi - không dùng tân ngữ phía sau, khơng nói đi gì) A Dạng rút gọn câu đã có động từ (IS) Dạng bị động PUBLISH ngoại động từ chưa có tân ngữ phía sau (Xuất gì) C Dạng rút gọn câu đã có động từ (WAS) Trước danh từ bổ nghĩa có THE LAST nên chọn án B C Ta thấy INTERVIEW ngoại động từ (phỏng vấn ai) phía sau chưa có tân ngữ nên câu dạng bị động Do chọn đáp án C D Dạng rút gọn câu đã có động từ (WAS) Trước danh từ bổ nghĩa có THE FIRST nên chọn C D Ta có LEAVE ngoại động từ (Rời khỏi gì) phía sau đã có tân ngữ (THE BURNING BUILDING), câu chủ động Chọn đáp án D B Câu chọn B (dạng mệnh đề quan hệ đầy đủ) C (dạng rút gọn) câu đã có động từ (USE) Câu B dạng chủ động, câu C dạng bị động Ta thấy GROW ngoại động từ (trồng gì) chưa có tân ngữ phía sau Do câu dạng bị động Chọn đáp án C A Dạng rút gọn câu đã có động từ (WERE) Dạng bị động SELECT ngoại động từ (chọn ai, gì) phía sau chưa có tân ngữ C Chọn B, C (dạng rút gọn) D (dạng mệnh đề quan hệ đầy đủ) Ta thấy danh từ bổ nghĩa A BROCHURE danh từ số nên dạng đầy đủ, động từ CONTAIN cần chia dạng số (thêm S) Do đáp án D sai Chọn C phía trước khơng có the first the last the next the second … B Chọn B, C (dạng rút gọn) D (dạng mệnh đề quan hệ đầy đủ) câu đã có động từ (REFUSED) Ta thấy danh từ bổ nghĩa A MAN danh từ số nên dạng đầy đủ, động từ TAKE cần chia dạng số (thêm S), đồng thời, việc xảy khứ (REFUSED) nên dạng đầy đủ ta phải viết WHO TOOK Do đáp án D sai Chọn B phía trước khơng có the first the last the next the second … DẠNG 3: NỐI CÂU SỬ DỤNG ĐẠI TỪ QUAN HỆ Phương pháp chung: Với dạng này, đề cho câu đơn có chứa danh từ chung Từ điểm chung này, sử dụng đại từ quan hệ thích hợp để nối thành câu ghép chứa mệnh đề quan hệ - Bước 1: Tìm điểm chung mệnh đề Thường tìm danh từ bổ nghĩa đại từ thay cho danh từ The company is in serious financial trouble He works for it Danh từ bổ nghĩa THE COMPANY đại từ thay IT - Bước 2: Xác định mệnh đề chính, mệnh đề bổ nghĩa (mệnh đề quan hệ) (Sự việc xảy trước thường mệnh đề bổ nghĩa) The company is in serious financial trouble: Mệnh đề He works for it: Mệnh đề phụ - Bước 3: Dùng đại từ quan hệ thích hợp thay cho điểm chung mệnh đề phụ Đưa đại từ quan hệ lên đầu mệnh đề phụ Đặt mệnh đề quan hệ sau danh từ bổ nghĩa, đưa phần lại sau mệnh đề quan hệ The company is in serious financial trouble He works for WHICH (Thay IT = WHICH – Thay cho danh từ vật) The company is in serious financial trouble Which he works for (Đưa đại từ quan hệ lên đầu mệnh đề phụ.) The company which he works for is in serious financial trouble (Đưa mệnh đề quan hệ sau danh từ bổ nghĩa.) - Bước 4: Kiểm tra lại danh từ bổ nghĩa có nằm trường hợp cần áp dụng quy tắc dấu phẩy khơng Nếu có, tách mệnh đề quan hệ với mệnh đề dấu phẩy Ví dụ Combine the two sentences, using the adjective clauses The man is my father I respect his opinion most Mary and Margaret are twins You met them yesterday The middle-aged man is the director My father is talking to him The boy is my cousin You make fun of him The student is from china He sits next to me I thanked the woman This woman had helped me The professor is excellent I am taking his course Mr Smith said he was too busy to speak to me I had come to see him I saw a lot of people and horses They went to market 10 Tom has three sisters All of them are married Answer Key: The man whose opinion I respect most is my father Mary and Margaret whom you met yesterday are twins The middle-aged man is the director whom my father is talking to The boy whom you make fun of is my cousin The student who sits next to me is from China I thanked the woman who had helped me The professor whose course I am taking is excellent Mr Smith, who I had come to see, said he was too busy to speak to me I saw a lot of people and horses that went to the market 10 Tom has three sisters, all of whom are married Choose the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences in the following questions Sue lives in the house The house is opposite my house A Sue lives in the house which is opposite my house B Sue lives in the house who is opposite my house C Sue lives in the house where is opposite my house D Sue lives in the house and which is opposite my house He likes the dress Huong is wearing it A He likes the dress which Huong is wearing it B He likes the dress Huong is wearing it C He likes the dress who Huong is wearing D He likes the dress Huong is wearing Most of the classmates couldn't come He invited them to the birthday party A Most of the classmates he invited to the birthday party couldn't come B Most of the classmates he was invited to the birthday party couldn't come C Most of the classmates that he invited them to the birthday party couldn't come D Most of the classmates which he invited to the birthday party couldn't come What was the name of the man? You met and talked to him this morning A What was the name of the man who you met and talked to him this morning? B What was the name of the man you met and talked to this morning? C What was the name of the man you met and talked to whom this morning? D What was the name of the man whose you met and talked to this morning? The church is over 500 years old Our class visited it last summer A The church which our class visited it last summer is over 500 years old B The church that our class visited it last summer is over 500 years old C The church which our class visited last summer is over 500 years old D The church our class visit last summer is over 500 years old Answer Key A Điểm chung THE HOUSE – THE HOUSE Danh từ vật thay WHICH D Điểm chung DRESS – IT Loại A C IT đã bị thay phải bỏ Loại C DRESS danh từ vật nên thay WHO Đáp án D IT đã thay bỏ Trong câu đại từ quan hệ đóng vai trị làm tân ngữ, trước khơng có dấu phẩy giới từ nên lược bỏ Đó lí khơng có đại từ quan hệ đứng sau DRESS A Điểm chung CLASSMATES – THEM Câu C sai chưa bỏ THEM Câu D sai CLASSMATES danh từ người bổ nghĩa WHICH Câu B sai động từ đã bị thay đổi dẫn đến sai khác nghĩa: INVITED – WAS INVITED Tương tự câu 2, đại từ quan hệ WHOM đã đươc lược bỏ đóng vai trị làm tân ngữ, trước khơng có dấu phẩy giới từ B Điểm chung THE MAN – HIM Đáp án A sai chưa bỏ HIM Đáp án C sai không đưa đại từ quan hệ WHOM sau danh từ THE MAN bổ nghĩa Đáp án D sai HIM đóng vai trị làm tân ngữ khơng thể thay WHOSE C Điểm chung THE CHURCH – IT A B sai chưa bỏ IT Câu D sai động từ VISITED bị thay đổi thành VISIT dẫn đến sai khác câu DẠNG 4: XÁC ĐỊNH LỖI SAI Phương pháp chung: - Phân tích cấu trúc câu: Xác định chủ ngữ, động từ, tân ngữ, mệnh đề chính, phụ câu - Với dạng lỗi sai mệnh đề quan hệ, học sinh lưu ý lỗi thường gặp sau đây: Dùng sai đại từ quan hệ The man which I talked to yesterday teaches Law at Harvard THE MAN – danh từ người WHICH – thay cho danh từ vật Do đó, dùng WHICH trường hợp sai Nhầm lẫn where/when which (Xem lại cách phân biệt where/when với which dạng 1) Hanoi, where is the capital of Vietnam, is a beautiful city WHERE trạng từ quan hệ, không dùng làm chủ ngữ câu Do đó, câu phải thay WHERE WHICH Hanoi danh từ vật Dùng THAT sau dấu phẩy giới từ My sister, that you met yesterday, works for the United Nations Câu có dấu phẩy nên khơng thể dùng THAT, thay vào phải dùng WHOM danh từ bổ nghĩa người, phía sau chủ ngữ (YOU) Nhầm lẫn mệnh đề rút gọn chủ động, bị động, to infinitive… The only students chosen to be the representative was extremely excellent Ta thấy trước danh từ bổ nghĩa students có THE ONLY, đó, động từ phải chia TO BE CHOSEN (Choose ngoại động từ (chọn gì,chọn ai) chưa có tân ngữ phía sau nên phải chia dạng bi động.) Đại từ thay đại từ quan hệ viết lại đại từ vào câu The exercise which the teacher asked us to it was difficult Trong câu điểm chung IT đã thay đại từ quan hệ WHICH chưa bị bỏ Do đó, IT bị thừa Ví dụ Choose the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following sentences The (A) man whom (B) remained in (C) the office was (D) the manager 1975 was the (A) year in when (B) the revolution (C) took place (D) Mr Brown, that (A) teaches me (B) English, is coming (C) today (D) The car who (A) I bought (B) used to be (C) my father’s (D) The man, of whom the (A) red car is parked (B) in front of our house (C), is a (D) prominent physician in this town Answer Key: B Đại từ quan hệ WHOM không làm chủ ngữ câu (đứng trước động từ) thay cho danh từ người làm tân ngữ WHOM sửa thành WHO THAT (khơng có dấu phẩy.) B Khơng dùng WHEN sau giới từ (IN) Thay WHICH danh từ bổ nghĩa danh từ vật A Không dùng THAT sau dấu phẩy A The car danh từ vật mà WHO dùng thay cho danh từ người làm chủ ngữ câu Sửa WHO thành WHICH THAT (khơng có dấu phẩy) B Ta thấy trước sau đại từ quan hệ danh từ, đại từ quan hệ thích hợp phải WHOSE C BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG BÀI TẬP TRẮC NGHIỆM Exercise 1: Choose the word or phrase that best completes each of the following sentences This is the place _ I met my wife A what B where C which D that Simon is the man _ Mary loves A who B which C whom D A&C My wife, _ is a doctor, works at Community Hospital A who B which C whom D that Only one of the people _ work in the company is qualified A what B which C who D where She is the one _ I told you about A what B which C whose D who Those _ had studied hard passed their exams A what B which C who D whose The magazine _ you lent me is interesting A what B which C whom D whose The man _ is resting is very tired A what B which C whom D who The boy _ sat next to you is my friend A who B which C whom D whose 10 We are using books _ were printed last year A what B who C which D whose 11 The painting _Ms Wallace bought was very expensive A whom B whose C which D where 12 The homeless people _story appeared in the paper last week have now found a place to live A who B whom C that D whose 13 is your favourite sport, swimming or running A What B Which C Whom D Whose 14 Were the Wright brothers the ones built the first aeroplane? A which B whom C whose D that 15 I don't like stories have unhappy endings A where B which C they D who 16 The periodic table contains all the elements, has a particular atomic weight and atomic n umber A which of each B each of which C which each D each 17 Ansel Adams was a landscape photographer photographs of the western United States sh ow nature on a grand scale A whose B of whom C of his D his 18 Jan didn't check she had enough petrol before she left, was careless of her A what B it C that D which 19 This is a town many people live A in which B which C at which D on which 20 She, is your sister, lives far away A which B who C whom D she 21 I see some girls are pretty A whom B which C who D they 22 Give back the money you took A it B who C whom D which 23 He was killed by a man friends we know A whose B which C whom D that 24 He spoke to the messengers with you were leaving A which B whom C whose D that 25 We captured a town is in Spain A whom B where C which D it 26 The farmers we saw were in the field A whose B which C they D whom 27 The women I gave the money were glad A to whom B to that C for whom D for that 28 I know a boy name is John A who B whose C whom D that 29 The man you sent to the general has reported the victory A whose B which C whom D he 30 I saw those slaves had been led to the city A whose B which C whom D who 31 The people courage you praised are now citizens A whose B which C whom D that 32 You folks live in farmhouses not like the life of the city A whose B who C they D which 33 Those towns you were looking at in Gaul are small A who B where C which D whom 34 In Helvetia I have seen a large city many people live A at which B which C on which D in which 35 He is not my friend is my enemy A who B which C whom D A&B 36 I sent my friend the books I had written A who B which C whom D what 37 Behind the farmhouse there was a large garden, the farmer and his sons were working A for which B which C in which D that 38 Did you see the men to whom I gave the money? A to whom B which C from whom D to that 39 She sends me the book she two years ago A whom / writes B whose /wrote C which/ writes D which / wrote 40 The man spoke to John is my brother A whom B who C whose D which 41 I must thank the man from _ I got the present A who B whom C that D which 42 It is a car I bought last year A whom B who C which D whose 43 He is the man _ son is a doctor A whom B which C who D whose 44 The woman _next door is a famous singer A lives B who live C living D that living 45 The house in the storm has now been rebuilt A destroyed B destroying C which destroyed D that is destroyed 46 The man at the blackboard is our teacher A stood B stands C standing D to stand 47 Tom was the last the classroom yesterday A to leave B leaving C left D leaves 48 Linda was the last student at the oral exam A to be asked B asking C asks 49 The bridge _ by French architects is very nice A was designed B designing C to design 50 The problems they are discussing at the meeting are very important A who B which C Ø 51 Michael told me about students _have just got the scholarship A which B Ø C who 52 The ring is made of gold and diamond A she is wearing it B he gave it to her C Linda like 53 The house is situated in the city centre A which B we have just bought C in where we live 54 I come from a city _ is located in the southern part of the country A who B whom C that 55 The film about _ they are talking is fantastic A who B which C whom 56 That ’s the woman to _ Jim used to be married A who B whom C which 57 The people for the bus in the rain are getting well A waiting B to wait C waited 58 He is the boy _ is my best friend A that B whom C who 59 I have a message for people by the traffic chaos A to delay B who delay C delayed 60 I live in a pleasant room _ the garden A to overlook B overlooking C overlooked king 61 Melanie was the only person a letter of thanks D to ask D designed D both B and C D whose D she is wearing D which we live D whose D that D that D wait D A& C D who delaying D which overloo A wrote B written C to write D writing 62 The pilot was the only man _ after the crash A was rescued B rescued C rescuing D to be rescued 63 I met a lot of new people at the party names I can’t remember A whose B which C who D whom 64 I talked to a woman _ car had broken down on the way to the party A which B who C whose D whom 65 Vicky, _ name was missed off the list, wasn’t very pleased A which B whose C who D whom 66 The picture was painted by Laura, _ is being shown in an exhibition A which B whose C who D whom 67 The concert _ we are looking forward is next Saturday A which B that C whom D A & B 68 I’ll see you near the post office _ we met the other day A which B where C when D why 69 The success of shared holidays depends on _ you shared it with A whose B who C whom D which 70 The sun, _ is one of millions of stars in the universe, provides us with heat an light A which B that C who D A & B 71 Tom made a number of suggestions, most of _ were very helpful A them B which C that D B & C 72 Alaska, my brother lives, is the largest state in the United States A which B where C w ho D All are correct 73 Tell me the reason you were absent yesterday A where B when C why D that 74 There was a time _ dinosaurs dominated the earth A which B when C that D A & B 75 The house in I was born and grew up was destroyed in an earthquake ten years ago A which B where C that D All are correct 76 Summer is the time of the year the weather is the hottest A when B which C that D B & C 77 Sunday is the day on _ I am least busy A where B when C which D that 78 Do you know the man about _ they’re talking? A whom B whose C that D A & C 79 What’s the name of the blonde girl _ just came in? A who B whose C whom D A & B 80 I don’t like people lose their tempers easily A who B whose C that D A & C 81 Mexico City, _ has a population of over million, is probably the fastest growing city in th e world A which B whose C that D A & B 82 This is Henry, _ sister works for my father A who B whose C that D A & C 83 He’s the man _ people like at first sight A who B whom C that D All are correct 84 Could you iron the trousers _ are hanging up behind the door? A who B which C that D B & C 85 Where is the girl sells tickets? A who B whose C whom D A & C 86 The man we consider as our leader had much experience in climbing mountains A who B whose C whom D A & C 87 The artist name I couldn’t remember was one of the best I had ever seen A who B whose C that D A & C 88 Frank invited Janet, he had met in Japan, to the party A who B whose C that D A & C 89 The girl _ design had been chosen stepped to the platform to receive the award A whose B whom C that D which 90 I need to find a painting will match the rest of my room A whose B whom C who D which 91 There are too many poor people not have enough to eat in the world A whose B whom C that D which 92 The trees have the beautiful flowers grow near the gate of the garden A whose B whom C who D which 93 The teacher _ teaches us French is coming today A whom B who C that D B & C 94 I know a boy father is a very important person A what B where C which D whose 95 This is the place we have tea A what B where C which D that 96 That is the man came yesterday A who B where C which D whom 97 Tomorrow I'll tell you the hour you must come A what B where C which D when 98 People never work don't earn money A what B who C which D whom 99 This is the boy I met in the park A what B Ø C whom D B&C 100.Dogs bite people are dangerous A which B they C whom D who Exercise 2: choose the word or phrase that best completes each of the following sentences The woman _ next door is a famous singer A lives B who live C living D that living The house _ in the storm has now been rebuilt A destroyed B destroying C which destroyed D that is destroyed The man _ at the blackboard is our teacher A stood B stands C standing D to stand Tom was the last _ the classroom yesterday A to leave B leaving C left D leaves Linda was the last student _ at the oral exam A to be asked B asking C asks D to ask The bridge _ by French architects is very nice A was designed B designing C to design D designed The people _ for the bus in the rain are getting well A waiting B to wait C waited D wait I have a message for people _ by the traffic chaos A to delay B who delay C delayed D who delaying I live in a pleasant room _ the garden A to overlook B overlooking C overlooked D which overlooking 10 The pilot was the only man _ after the crash A was rescued B rescued C rescuing D to be rescued BÀI TẬP TỰ LUẬN Exercise 1: Combine each pair of sentences, using a relative pronoun The girl is my cousin She chatted with you yesterday The man is very kind He spent 15 minutes measuring our kitchen The architect designed these flats He has moved to HCM City The young boy is naughty He rides an expensive motorbike I’m reading the book I bought it in 1996 Do you know the man? He is sharing the flat with me The young man is Ba’s brother He is talking to our teacher We visited the monument It was built a hundred years ago The boys are interested in the game It is a popular game all over the world 10 You have no need to tell me the reason You are often late for work for that reason 11 We visited the people They are homeless after the flood 12 I don’t like the films They have unhappy ending 13 I know the man His son broke your windows 14 The girl is very kind Her parents work with me 15 The village has around 200 people The majority of them are farmers 16 She hasn’t eat anything This makes her parents worried 17 The student is from China He sits next to me 18 I thanked the woman This woman had helped me 19 Mr Pike is excellent I am taking his course 20 Shakespeare wrote plays People have enjoyed them for four centuries Exercise 2: Use reduced relative clauses in place of the relative clauses The child is lonely, he would be happier if he had someone that he could play with I’ve got a bottle of wine but I haven’t got anything that I could open it with I don’t like him playing in the streets; I wish we had a garden that he could play in The floor is dirty but I haven’t got a brush that I can sweep it with My files are all over the place I wish I had a box that I could keep them in She said that she wasn’t going to buy any cards; she hadn’t anyone to whom she could send cards You are the last person who saw her alive He simple loves parties He is always the first who comes and the last who goes The Queen Elizabeth is the largest ship which had been built on the Clyde 10 He was the second man who was killed in this way 11 Neil Armstrong was the first man who walked on the moon 12 Lady Astor was the first woman who took her seat in Parliament 13 Here are some accounts that you must check 14 People who listen to very loud music may suffer gradual hearing loss 15 He was the man who was saved in the fire 16 Anyone who doesn’t want to take part in the meeting must inform the board 17 The teacher who takes the responsibility for the class is Ms Lan 18 She’s just bought a handbag which was made of crocodile skin 19 I met a man who had been working in this factory for a long time 20 The story which was told by my grandma was interesting Exercise 3: Find and correct the mistake in each of the following sentences Peter, whom visited us yesterday, has just graduated from university MissHuong,thatisstayingwithus,oftengoestoschoolbybike New York, where we celebrated our party, is pretty cold in winter Do you know the students to who the teacher is talking? Do you know the students to whom the teacher is talking to? My sister, whom you met last week, has already gone to abroad A night is the time of the day which it is dark outside Adictionaryisabookwheregivesyouthemeaningsofwords Anhisalwayslateforclasswhichmakestheteacherangry 10 This car it was broken down last night is quite expensive 11 That’s the house where was built in 2005 12 Pele, of which I respect most, is the most famous football player all the time 13 Ha Long Bay where is in quang ninh has the chance to be one of the natural wonders of the word now 14 You should thank the woman , whom you got the present from her 15 Hai phong is the place which I grew up between the age of two and ten 1.3 MỘT SỐ CÂU HỎI TRONG CÁC ĐỀ THI TÔT NGHIỆP CAO ĐẲNG, ĐẠI HỌC The children, _ parents work late, are taken home by bus (TN 2006) A that B whom C whose D their The place _ we spent our holiday was really beautiful (TN 2006) A what B who C where D which My uncle _ you met yesterday is a lawyer (TN 2007) A what B whose C whom D which Dien Bien Phu is the place _ our army won a resounding victory in 1954 (TN 2007) A what B that C which D where Dr Sales is the person _ (TN 2007) A whom I don't have much confidence in him B in that I don't have much confidence confidence C I don't have much confidence D in whom I don't have much Further improvements continued, particularly in America, _ most of the world’s films were produced (TN 2007) A where B which C when D who Alexander Fleming, , received the Nobel Prize in 1945 (TN 2008) A that discovered penicillin B who discovered penicillin B which discovered penicillin D he discovered penicillin The boy _ eyes are brown is my friend (TN 2008 A who B whom C which D whose He arrived late, _ was annoying (CD 2008) A it B that C what D which 10 In our school library, there are several large tables _ we can sit to read books (TN- L2 2007) A where B that C when D which 11 Neil Armstrong was the first man _ on the moon (TN – 2010) A to walk B walking C walked D has walked 12 I'm beginning to think _ people say about him is true (2011) A which B things C what D those A1 - 2013 13 He wasn't attending the lecture properly and missed most of _ A things said by the teacher B that the teacher said B which the teacher said D what the teacher said 14 Her mother, has been working for thirty years, is retiring next month A who B that C whom D whose 15 Books and magazines _ around made his room very untidy A that lie B laying C which lied D lying 16 I like the fresh air (A) and green trees (B) of the village which (C) I spent my vacation last year (D) D - 2013 17 The Lake District, was made a national park in 1951, attracts a large number of tourists every year A that B where C what D which D - 2014 18 Women in many parts (A) of the world have had lower status than men, which (B) the extent of the gap between (C) genders varies (D) across cultures and times 19 They got lost in the forest, and made matters worse was that night began to fall A it B which C what D that D - 2015 20 The receptionist, answered the phone, told me that the director was out A whose B whom C who D that 2016 21 In the wake of increasing food poisoning, many consumers have turned to vegetables _ organically A that grown B grown C which grows D are grown 22 The science (A) of medicine, which (C) progress has been very rapid (C) lately, is perhaps the most important of all sciences (D) 2017 23 The book you gave me is very interesting A when B which C who D where 24 The people live in this village are very friendly A who B where C which D when 25 The boy sits in front of me in the class studies very hard A who B where C which D when 26 The dog my father gave me is very lovely A who B when C which D where 2018 27 The patients with the new drug showed better signs of recovery than those receiving conventional medicine A treated B having treated C treating D who treated 28 Despacito, over four billion times on YouTube, is one of the most favourite songs among teenagers worldwide A is viewed B which viewed C viewing D viewed 29 Drastic measures should be taken to tackle the problems child abuse A involved B to involve C involving D are involving 30 The children by social networks are likely to suffer from depression and other health problems A are obsessed B obsessing C obsessed D who obsessed ĐÁP ÁN TRẮC NGHIỆM Exercise 1: B D A C D C B D A 10 C 11 C 12 D 13 B 14 D 15 B 16 B 17 A 18 D 19 A 20 B 21 C 22 D 23 A 24 B 25 C 26 D 27 A 28 B 29 C 30 D 31 A 32 B 33 C 34 D 35 A 36 B 37 C 38 A 39 D 40 B 41 B 42 C 43 D 44 C 45 A 46 C 47 A 48 A 49 D 50 D 51 C 52 D 53 B 54 C 55 B 56 B 57 A 58 D 59 C 60 B 61 C 62 D 63 A 64 C 65 B 66 A 67 D 68 B 69 C 70 A 71 B 72 B 73 C 74 B 75 A 76 A 77 C 78 A 79 A 80 D 81 A 82 B 83 D 84 D 85 A 86 D 87 B 88 A 89 A 90 D 91 C 92 D 93 D 94 D 95 B 96 A 97 D 98 B 99 D 100 A Exercise 2: C A C A A D A CB 10 D TỰ LUẬN Exercise 1: The girl who/that chatted with you yesterday is my cousin The man who/that spent 15 minutes measuring our kitchen is very kind The architect who/that designed these flats has moved to HCM City The young boy who/that rides an expensive motorbike is naughty I’m reading the book which/that I bought in 1996 Do you know the man who/that is sharing the flat with me? The young man who is talking to our teacher is Ba’s brother The monument which we visited was built a hundred years ago The game which/that the boys are interested in is a popular game all over the world 10 You have no need to tell me the reason why/ for which you are often late for work 11 The people who/that we visited are homeless after the flood 12 I don’t like the films which/that have unhappy ending 13 I know the man whose son broke your windows 14 The girl whose parents work with me is very kind 15 The village has around 200 people, the majority of whom are farmers 16 She hasn’t eat anything, which makes her parents worried 17 The student who/that sits next to me is from China 18 I thanked the woman who/that had helped me 19 Mr.Pike, whose course I am taking, is excellent 20 People have enjoyed plays which/that Shakespeare wrote for four centuries Exercise 2: The child is lonely, he would be happier if he had someone to play with I’ve got a bottle of wine but I haven’t got anything to open with I don’t like him playing in the streets; I wish we had a garden for him to play in The floor is dirty but I haven’t got a brush to sweep with My files are all over the place I wish I had a box to keep in She said that she wasn’t going to buy any cards; she hadn’t anyone to send cards to You are the last person to see her alive He simple loves parties He is always the first to come and the last to go The Queen Elizabeth is the largest ship to be built on the Clyde 10 He was the second man to be killed in this way 11 Neil Armstrong was the first man to walk on the moon 12 Lady Astor was the first woman to take her seat in Parliament 13 Here are some accounts for you to check 14 People listening to very loud music may suffer gradual hearing loss 15 He was the man saved in the fire 16 Anyone not wanting to take part in the meeting must inform the board 17 The teacher taking the responsibility for the class is Ms Lan 18 She’s just bought a handbag made of crocodile skin 19 I met a man working in this factory for a long time 20 The story told by my grandma was interesting Exercise 3: WHOM – WHO THAT – WHO CORRECT WHO - WHOM TO WHOM - WHOM CORRECT WHICH – WHEN WHERE – WHICH CORRECT 10 IT - WHICH 11 WHERE – WHICH/THAT 12 OF WHICH - WHOM 13 WHERE – WHICH 14 HER – OBMITTED 15 WHICH – WHERE MỘT SỐ CÂU HỎI TRONG CÁC ĐỀ THI TÔT NGHIỆP CAO ĐẲNG, ĐẠI HỌC The children, _ parents work late, are taken home by bus (TN 2006) A that B whom C whose D their The place _ we spent our holiday was really beautiful (TN 2006) A what B who C where D which My uncle _ you met yesterday is a lawyer (TN 2007) A what B whose C whom D which Dien Bien Phu is the place _ our army won a resounding victory in 1954 (TN 2007) A what B that C which D where Dr Sales is the person _ (TN 2007) A whom I don't have much confidence in him B in that I don't have much confidence confidence C I don't have much confidence D in whom I don't have much confidence Further improvements continued, particularly in America, _ most of the world’s films were produced (TN 2007) A where B which C when D who Alexander Fleming, , received the Nobel Prize in 1945 (TN 2008) A that discovered penicillin B who discovered penicillin B which discovered penicillin D he discovered penicillin The boy _ eyes are brown is my friend (TN 2008) A who B whom C which D whose He arrived late, _ was annoying (CD 2008) A it B that C what D which 10 In our school library, there are several large tables _ we can sit to read books (TN- L2 2007) A where B that C when D which 11 Neil Armstrong was the first man _ on the moon (TN – 2010) A to walk B walking C walked D has walked 12 I'm beginning to think _ people say about him is true (2011) A which B things C what D those A1 - 2013 13 He wasn't attending the lecture properly and missed most of _ A things said by the teacher B that the teacher said B which the teacher said D what the teacher said 14 Her mother, has been working for thirty years, is retiring next month A who B that C whom D whose 15 Books and magazines _ around made his room very untidy A that lie B laying C which lied D lying 16 I like the fresh air (A) and green trees (B) of the village which (C) I spent my vacation last year (D) D - 2013 17 The Lake District, was made a national park in 1951, attracts a large number of tourists every year A that B where C what D which D - 2014 18 Women in many parts (A) of the world have had lower status than men, which (B) the extent of the gap between (C) genders varies (D) across cultures and times 19 They got lost in the forest, and made matters worse was that night began to fall A it B which C what D that D - 2015 20 The receptionist, answered the phone, told me that the director was out A whose B whom C who D that 2016 21 In the wake of increasing food poisoning, many consumers have turned to vegetables _ organically A that grown B grown C which grows D are grown 22 The science (A) of medicine, which (C) progress has been very rapid (C) lately, is perhaps the most important of all sciences (D) 2017 23 The book you gave me is very interesting A when B which C who D where 24 The people live in this village are very friendly A who B where C which D when 25 The boy sits in front of me in the class studies very hard A who B where C which D when 26 The dog my father gave me is very lovely A who B when C which D where 2018 27 The patients with the new drug showed better signs of recovery than those receiving conventional medicine A treated B having treated C treating D who treated 28 Despacito, over four billion times on YouTube, is one of the most favourite songs among teenagers worldwide A is viewed B which viewed C viewing D viewed 29 Drastic measures should be taken to tackle the problems child abuse A involved B to involve C involving D are involving ... 3: Dùng đại từ quan hệ thích hợp thay cho điểm chung mệnh đề phụ Đưa đại từ quan hệ lên đầu mệnh đề phụ Đặt mệnh đề quan hệ sau danh từ bổ nghĩa, đưa phần lại sau mệnh đề quan hệ The company... Xác định mệnh đề chính, mệnh đề bổ nghĩa (mệnh đề quan hệ) (Sự việc xảy trước thường mệnh đề bổ nghĩa) The company is in serious financial trouble: Mệnh đề He works for it: Mệnh đề phụ - Bước... DẠNG 2: CHIA ĐỘNG TỪ Ở DẠNG MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ RÚT GỌN Phương pháp chung: - Nhận biết mệnh đề rút gọn: Trong Tiếng Anh, mỡi mệnh đề có động từ, thấy câu đã có động từ mà đề yêu cầu chia động từ động