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MINISTRYOF EDUCATION AND TRAINING MINISTRY OF HOME AFFAIRS NATIONAL ACADEMY OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION TRAN THI XUAN MAI DOCTORAL THESIS STATE MANAGEMENT OF TOURISM IN THE MEKONG DELTA MAJOR: PUBLIC MANAGEMENT CODE: 34 04 03 HA NOI - 2019 The thesis was completed at: National Academy of Public Administration Supervisors: Ph.D LƯƠNG MINH VIỆT Ph.D ĐÀO ĐĂNG KIÊN Reviewer Reviewer Reviewer The thesis shall be defended in front of the Thesis Committee at Academy Level Room:………….Building………… at National Academy of Public Administration- 77 Nguyen Chi Thanh street Dong DA District - Ha Noi Time: At hour date month year 2018 The thesis “State management of tourism in the Mekong Delta” can be found at: The National Library and The Library of National Academy of Public Administration HA NOI - 2019 INTRODUCTION The necessity of the dissertation The Mekong Delta has the potential to diversely develop tourism.The provinces and cities in the Mekong Delta are trying to develop tourism.To achieve the target, requiring the striving of all individuals, agencies and organizations from the central to local However, the involvement of the State in tourism management is the most important in Mekong Delta in order to guide the implementation of tourism development in the Mekong Delta.Therefore, the researcher has decided to conduct a research entitled: “The state management of tourism in the Mekong Delta” with the expectation of providing solutions to improve current governmental administration on tourism in the Mekong Delta Research aims and research subjects 2.1 Research aims Based on the identifiying of the theories and practical issues of state management the tourism industry in the Mekong Delta, the research aims at proposing solutions to improve current governmental administration on tourism on the Mekong Delta; in order to meet the national policies on international economic integration 2.2 Research tasks Synthesize and evaluate domestic and foreign research related to the research topic, thereby identifying the issues that the thesis will inherit as well as the issues the thesis needs to continue studying Analyze and assess the state management of tourism in the Mekong Delta, indicate the results achieved, the limitations and the main causes Especially, this research focuses on the management of provincial governments in the Mekong Delta region; analysis of factors affecting the state management of tourism in the Mekong Delta in the context of international economic integration Propose the governmental administration state management model of tourism in the Mekong Delta within the framework of functions and tasks decentralized to the provincial authorities (provinces and cities directly under the central government) from the perspective of economic management Research questions (1) How is the domestic and foreign research situation related to the research topic? (2) What scientific bases are the state management of tourism in the Mekong Delta? (3) What are the strengths, weaknesses and causes of strengths and weaknesses in the state management of tourism in the Mekong Delta? (4) What are the solutions and recommendations to improve the state management of tourism in the Mekong Delta? Research subjects and research scope 4.1 Research subjects The objective of the thesis is the governmental administration of tourism in the Mekong Delta within the framework of functions and tasks decentralized to the provincial authorities (provinces and cities directly under the central government) from the perspective of economic management 4.2 Research scope 4.2.1 Content: The research is focused on clarifying the content of state management of tourism in the Mekong Delta and analyzing the real situation, the resource factors affecting the issue of state management of tourism in the Mekong Delta 4.2.2 Space: Provinces and cities in the Mekong Delta 4.2.3 Time: Analyze the status of state management of tourism in the Mekong Delta mainly from 2015 to the present; Proposed solutions to perfect state management of tourism in the Mekong Delta region to 2025 and orientations to 2030; Solution time: State management on tourism in the Mekong Delta until 2025 with a vision to 2030 Research methodologies 5.1 Theoretical basis for the methodology Rationale: Based on the basic theory of economic management, state management of tourism; theory of state management, theoretical models of management Methodology: Based on the dialectical materialism methodology to clarify the issue of state management of tourism in the Mekong Delta region in change, in the relationship of mutual interaction, associated with the conditions 5.2 Research methodologies 5.2.1 Deductive- inductive method During the implementation of the thesis research, the author applied the deductive - inductive method 5.2.2 Qualitative method Qualitative method was used in this thesis 5.2.3 Quantitative method Quantitative method was applied - Cronbach's Alpha coefficient analysis - Analysis of discovery factors (EFA) 5.3 Data collection method Besides, the author also used data collection method, sampling and survey method, analytical method and descriptive statistical method In particular, the questionnaires and recorded the opinions of experts in the field of tourism were used in the thesis 5.4 Sampling and survey method Qualitative research: Leading tourism experts in Mekong Delta provinces and cities will be selected for in-depth interviews Sampling method, number of samples and random survey 5.5 Methods of analysis According to each research objective of the thesis, the author uses a combination of different analysis methods in the same research objective to successfully implement the research content 5.6 Descriptive statistics method Descriptive statistics are used to describe the basic characteristics of data collected from empirical research in various ways Descriptive statistics and statistical inferences together provide simple summaries of the sample and measures 5.7 Analytical framework of the topic Diagram Analytical framework of the topic [Source: Author's proposal] 5.8 Research area 03 localities were selected for in-depth study: Can Tho city, Kien Giang province and Tien Giang province 6.New contributions of the thesis Building a model of state management of tourism in combination between branch management and territorial management in the Mekong Delta region in accordance with Vietnam's conditions in the context of international economic integration The state management of tourism in the Mekong Delta region has a link between the functions and tasks assigned by the provincial government to manage specific and complex industries of inter-sectoral tourism activities in order to realize the objectives of economic development Socio-economic situation of the province, Mekong Delta region and the tourism industry Verifying analysis and evaluation with actual survey data on the practice of combined management model by sector and territory of the Mekong Delta Proposing solutions to operate the state management on tourism effectively, in accordance with the characteristics of the region on promulgating legal documents on tourism in the Mekong Delta; organizing the implementation of policies, implementing legal documents on tourism in the Mekong Delta; inspecting and examining the implementation of policies, implementing legal documents on tourism in the Mekong Delta, organizing the apparatus, improving the management capacity, strengthening the planning and development of supportive and controlling policies check and control Scientific and practical meanings of the topic 7.1 Scientific significance: Supplementing some theoretical issues of state management on regional tourism in the combination of sectoral and territorial management 7.2 Practical significance: Contributing to creating a scientific basis in planning mechanisms, policies and orientations for state management of regional and provincial tourism It is a monograph for training and retraining institutions for cadres, civil servants and public employees at the Administrative Academy, ministerial-level officials' schools and the system of local political schools Structure of the thesis The content of the thesis will be presented in the following structure: INTRODUCTION CONTENT Chapter Overview of state management research on tourism Chapter State management scientific basis for tourism Chapter State management of tourism in the Mekong Delta Chapter Orientation and complete solutions for state management of tourism in the Mekong Delta CONCLUSION CONTENT CHAPTER OVERVIEW OF STATE MANAGEMENT RESEARCH ON TOURISM 1.1 Group of common issues in the world and in Vietnam on tourism 1.1.1 The research on the concept, meaning and impact of tourism activities The project “Managing Tourism” was written in 1991 by Prof S Medlik, re-published in 1995 by Butterworth Publishing HouseHeinemann Ltd The study focused on the main content: “FutureAnalysis-Planning” 1.1.2 The study of the role of tourism Phutsady Phanyasith (2016), on the basis of theoretical research, the author thinks that state management of tourism is the state's use of laws to impact tourism activities to guide this activity Dynamic, development achieves the defined purpose 1.1.3 Studies on tourism types and products Iresh Singh (2011) argues that tourism refers to the business of providing accommodation, services related to people visiting destinations; Theodore Metaxas and Sotiris Folinas (2016) Department of Economics, Czechoslovak University, Greece implemented the topic “Gambling Tourism and Economic Development: Some lessons from Macao” (Gambling tourism and economic development: Some lessons from Macao) 1.1.4 The study of the role of tourism activities The role of tourism activities with the following contents: (1) Contributing to economic development and sustainable growth; (2) Contribute to economic restructuring; (3) Create jobs, increase income; (4) Regional links and external economic development 1.1.5 The study proposed solutions for tourism development Tran Tien Dung (2007), “Sustainable Tourism Development in Phong Nha-Ke Bang”, PhD thesis in Economics, National Economics University; Vietnam Tourism-Current situation and development solutions (2014) Thematic report of MOCST; Do Van Xe, Le Hong AnCan Tho University studying “Solutions for tourism development in Tien Giang” (2009) 1.1.6 The research draws tourism development experience Nguyễn Trung Khánh (2012), Developing tourism travel services in the context of international economic integration: Experiences of some East Asian countries and policy implications for Vietnam; The book “Guidelines for community tourism development” 1.2 Group of contents of state management of inbound and outbound tourism 1.2.1 The study of the content of state management of tourism Ngo Nguyen Hiep Phuoc (2018) studies that: State management of tourism is an organized impact on tourism activities in order to orient these activities according to the objectives set out in each period; (Tourism and income in Greece: Market solutions for debt crisis) in 2017 1.2.2 Studies on the role of state management of tourism Bramwell B (2011) and Coles, Tim & C Michael Hall (2011) point out that: The effective state management of tourism will lead to the sustainable development of the smoke-free tourism industry, thereby attracting a number of a large number of tourists, along with foreign currencies and solve many social problems in the country; Henry Thompson of Auburn University, USA has implemented the topic “Tourism and Income in Greece: A Market Solution to the Debt Crisis” (Greek Tourism and Income: Market Solutions for the Debt Crisis) the year 2017 1.2.3 The study of legal documents related to tourism Phutsady Phanyasith (2016), “State management by law for tourism activities in the Lao People's Democratic Republic”, PhD thesis, Ho Chi Minh National Academy of Politics; Xu Xeng (2015) said that: The promulgation and implementation of tourism laws need to be overcome from the issuance of legal documents, and the organization of the state apparatus on tourism needs to be consolidated and stable 1.2.4 Studies on organizing the implementation of policies, implementing legal documents on tourism S Medlik (1991) has argued that: In the state management of tourism, policies must be based on a close combination of economy, politics, society and space objects; Sokxay Soutthaveth (2015), recommends that the State of Thailand pay attention to sustainable tourism management, using inherent assets with the least impact on the environment and the long-term use of benefits 1.2.5 Evaluation criteria and factors affecting the state management of provincial tourism - Evaluation criteria based on quality and impact Quality-based evaluation is an evaluation of effectiveness, efficiency and competency Management effectiveness is a quality indicator of state management, which is determined by the comparison between the final results of state management of tourism compared with the set goals - Factors affecting the state management of tourism include: Capacity, organizational structure of state management of tourism 1.2.6 The study provides a general assessment of the state management of tourism at the research site Ngo Nguyen Hiep Phuoc (2018) said that: The overall assessment for the state management of tourism in the locality is most focused through assessing the quality, satisfaction of tourists and objects related to state management of tourism Assessing the satisfaction with the state management of tourism in Can Tho, the majority of subjects are somewhat satisfied and satisfied, only 9.8% are not satisfied At the same time, it has also introduced restrictions on state management of tourism and pointed out the cause of the restriction 1.2.7 Researches on perfecting the state management of tourism Ngo Nguyen Hiep Phuoc (2018) said that improving organizational structure, improving state management capacity in tourism; construction finishing and development declaration of implementation of regulations and policies on tourism activities in the area; Tran Thi Hoa (2016) "Improving the content of state management for sustainable tourism development in Da Nang city" 1.3 Studies related to state management of tourism in the Mekong Delta The Mekong Delta has a lot of potential for tourism development, so there are many tourism researches on the rich land, with the orientation of developing national tourism with many authors passionate about exploring and exploring with many rich and diverse topics such as: Nguyen Hoang Phuong (2017) “Developing Mekong Delta tourism in international integration”, Doctoral thesis of Economics, Ho Chi Minh City University of Economics 1.4 Summary of previous studies and research gaps 1.4.1 Achievements of previous studies The field of tourism development and state management of tourism has been clarified as follows: Firstly, given the concepts of tourism from different angles Secondly, clarifying the role and positive and limited impact of tourism activities in job creation, income generation, promoting economic restructuring and economic development Thirdly, clarify the types of tourism according to specific classification criteria Fourthly, clarify the concept, the role of the state management of tourism, the contents of the state management of tourism from different perspectives Fifth, propose solutions to complete state management on tourism in general CHAPTER SCIENTIFIC BASIS STATE MANAGEMENT OF TOURISM 2.1 State management theory on tourism 2.1.1 Concepts related to state management of tourism 2.1.1.1 Tourism concept: “Tourism is the activities related to human outing with the purpose of relaxing, visiting, experiencing and improving the understanding of all aspects of social life and purposes other legal documents for a period of not more than 01 year” 2.1.1.2 State management concept: Is an activity of State power, using State power to regulate social relations 2.1.1.3 The concept of economic state management: State management of economy is expressed through the economic functions and economic management of the State 2.1.1.4 The concept of state management of tourism: is the act of executing the State's management of tourism activities so that such activities take place according to the provisions of law 2.1.1.5 The concept of state management of tourism by the author of the thesis: “State management of tourism is a powerful activity of the State through the legal system related to tourism affecting the process and activities of tourism schedule to maintain and develop tourism activities” 2.1.2 The role of state management of tourism When the country's economy needs state management, the management of a sector in the economy is indispensable Because the role of state management in tourism is very important and indispensable in the management of industries and fields, performing the function of administration and coordination to accelerate the sustainable development of tourism 2.1.3 State management objectives on tourism 2.1.3.1 Group of objectives of state management of economy Including groups: Economic growth targets; Economic stability objectives; Economic equity objectives; Integrated economic welfare goals 2.1.3.2 Group of objectives of state management of tourism State viewpoints and objectives on national tourism development State viewpoints and objectives on tourism development in the Mekong Delta 2.1.4 State management function on economy in tourism was developed by the author through the first qualitative research according to the research process to discover and confirm identify factors related to the content of state management activities on tourism in the Mekong Delta The results of the first qualitative research show that the scales on the content of state management activities in tourism in the Mekong Delta are very concise, easy to understand, coherent and comprehensive in accordance with the theoretical basis of state management on economy in general calendar in particular but also practical 3.2.1 Planning, building strategies, planning, plans and policies for tourism development 3.2.1.1 Planning, formulation of tourism development strategies, plannings, plans and policies Research projects specific 03 localities such as Can Tho City, Kien Giang Province, Tien Giang Province Formulating strategies, plannings, plans and policies on tourism promotion and promotion with the highest rating of 3.31 points; Formulating strategies, plannings, plans and policies for developing tourism resources is evaluated quite well 3.28 points The drawback is that strategies, planning, plans and policies on conservation and promotion of cultural and historical relics are of little interest (rated at 3.12 points), policies and strategies for developing Infrastructure for tourism is limited (rated at 3.13 points) 3.2.1.2 Construction, promulgation and implementation of legal documents on state management of tourism in the Mekong Delta According to the survey survey data, the analysis results show that the principles of issuing legal documents on the Mekong Delta tourism are at a good level, which is assessed to be transparent, public, and in accordance with the processes, procedures and constitutionally and legally expressing the average score of the observed observations were all above 3.2 points (good) Based on the results of data analysis, the program of elaborating and promulgating legal documents was assessed at a good level, the observing factors were evaluated on 3.2 points Collecting opinions of draft stakeholders: Results of construction survey, promulgation of legislative documents, competent agencies and civil servants well perform the collection of comments of draft stakeholders, current situation Local social relations were assessed at 3.38 points Appraisal of legal documents before promulgation: The Mekong Delta is well performed with assessments at a good level Comments from individuals, organizations and agencies related to the draft legal documents are carefully recorded in the evaluation document with a 12 review score of 3.5 points, the number of documents, and time Appraisal ensures satisfactory Announcement of legal documents on tourism: In general, it is quite good; Provincial-level People's Committees that issue legal documents on tourism are posted on newspapers, web portals as prescribed with a rating of 3.5 points, this is one of the strong points in the state management of tourism Mekong Delta tourism The drawback is that publication does not guarantee all individuals and organizations have favorable conditions to access published documents with an average rating of 3.13 points Through the survey, it is shown that the work of making plans for implementing policies, enforcing tourism legal documents is guaranteed, the factors that are evaluated well are all greater than 3.2 points Dissemination and propaganda of policies and legal documents: Most points for evaluating factors are smaller than 3.2 points The only observation factor rated above 3.2 points is a factor of active management in propaganda and mobilizing people to participate in the implementation of policies and law enforcement with an average of 3.21 points In organizing the implementation of policies and implementing documents, the assignment and coordination between the stakeholders and the urging of the leaders are highly appreciated The highest point of evaluation was the clear assignment and close coordination between sector management agencies, local authorities at all levels, factors involved in implementation with a high level of 3.68 points Inspecting and examining the implementation of policies, the implementation of legal documents on tourism in the Mekong Delta is assessed to be at average level, the observed factors are greater than 2.8 points but smaller than 3, points 3.2.2 Organize and implement tourism development policy 3.2.2.1 Managing the construction of tourism products The management of work, policy development of tourism products is being implemented in many provinces and cities in the Mekong Delta Specifically: Can Tho City, Kien Giang Province, Tien Giang Province Implementing the Mekong Delta development planning to 2020 with a vision to 2030 the development and construction of specific tourism products in each locality is a key task Agencies competent to organize conferences, events, conferences with many local characteristics with the participation of domestic and foreign individuals and enterprises (3.52 points) The competent state agencies assume the prime responsibility for, and coordinate in organizing, evaluating, classifying and ranking typical provincial tourist sites and the Mekong Delta (3.39 points) The construction of tourism products is still very limited, the survey and learn 13 from experience in building tourism products from other places are lacking, the construction and development of new tourism routes is still limited (average 3.06 points and 3.05 points) 3.2.2.2 Management of infrastructure development and tourism infrastructure With the advantages of developing infrastructure and technical facilities of the tourism industry in two aspects: (1) Formulating, approving and implementing specific local product development projects; (2) Organize the assessment and recognition of new 1, and 3star accommodation establishments; submit to the Vietnam National Administration of Tourism the evaluation of 4-star or more accommodation establishments Evaluation and licensing of business establishments providing transportation, shopping and healthcare services for tourists were rated at an average of 3.13 points The state management of tourism in the Mekong Delta is still weak in the construction, conservation and embellishment of cultural works and monuments associated with tourism 3.2.3 Inspection and inspection of tourism activities 3.2.2.3 Manage the mobilization of resources to invest in the development of infrastructure and technical facilities of the tourism industry In mobilizing resources for investment in infrastructure development, tourism and technical material facilities need to have important policies to support small and medium-sized enterprises, and open mechanisms and policies to create favorable conditions for enterprises jointly invest in developing regional tourism 3.2.2.4 Managing the promotion, promotion and cooperation, tourism development cooperation The promotion, promotion, cooperation and linkage for tourism development has a difference in the average evaluation score between activities The strength is organizing organizing conferences, promoting tourism, publishing publications, video clips and winches to introduce localities (3.7 points and 3.52 points, respectively) The factor that shows weakness is the organization of tourist product display areas, tourist advertisement booths at domestic and foreign conferences, events and festivals The propaganda and promotion of local tourism in newspapers, magazines and television stations have not been highly appreciated 3.2.2.5 Managing the training and retraining of human resources for tourism At present, the needs survey, creating conditions for human resources in the tourism industry has been left out, the evaluation of this factor is 14 relatively low with the shown value of 2.9 points The mobilization of social budget used in the organization of training courses is still weak with an assessment of 3.13 points It is noteworthy that the organization of training courses, professional training on tourism is properly paid attention, this is a remarkable strong point with a rating of 3.44 points 3.2.2.6 Managing the organizational structure of the state management of tourism The organization of personnel apparatus rated as the most important factor to organize the assessment of civil servants and officials is 3.32 points; This shows that this work is carried out regularly, in accordance with the annual evaluation process The remaining factors are commendation, discipline, recruitment of tourism officials and employees, organization of inspection, review and assurance of tourism human resources assessed at levels 3, respectively 15 points, 3.16 points and 3.19 points 3.2.3.1 Manage the inspection and examination of tourism service providers The inspection and examination of tourist service business establishments of Can Tho city, Kien Giang province have all been evaluated quite well with scores above 3.2 points, only temporary suspension of operation activities, withdrawing business licenses of enterprises that are not eligible for business activities were underestimated with an average value of 3.06 points, showing that this work is not drastic 3.2.3.2 Manage the support and remove difficulties to develop tourism Activities to support and solve difficulties for businesses take place regularly, competent agencies, departments and agencies are interested The most common activity: Organizing meetings, reviewing difficulties and problems of enterprises, proposing solutions to enterprises; organizing, disseminating and guiding enterprises to implement the new State policy on tourism with a rating of 3.26 points and 3.18 points 3.3 Evaluate the results of state management of tourism in the Mekong Delta 3.3.1 Strengths in state management of tourism in the Mekong Delta Firstly, the state management of tourism in the Mekong Delta is quite good, for the goals of economic growth are highly appreciated Tourism infrastructure and facilities develop each year with a rating of 3.6 points Regarding business results, revenue in the tourism industry also increased steadily each year with an assessment of 3.46 points Second, from the results of the data analysis, it is found that economic growth in tourism in the Mekong Delta is stable growth (3.62 points) 15 Social justice issues include such as the equality of actors in the market is guaranteed (3.62 points) Thirdly, the state management of tourism in the Mekong Delta has helped the development of the tourism industry, achieving key goals, not only ensuring economic growth but also ensuring social equity and ensuring the goal of preserving, natural resources, cultural values and national sovereignty are strengthened through tourism development Fourthly, the formulation and promulgation of legal documents on tourism have been promulgated by the People's Committees of the provinces and cities in the Mekong Delta to ensure the constitutionality, legality and conformity of legal documents At the same time, it is a tool for the provincial People's Committee to manage the construction of legal documents on tourism Fifthly, collecting opinions from related parties, surveying the current state of social relations in the localities concerned, before drafting and issuing draft stakeholders, draft legal documents have been implemented well Sixthly, in the propaganda, the management agency is very active in propaganda activities to mobilize people to participate in the implementation of policies and legal documents on tourism Seventhly, for the work of inspecting the formulation, promulgation and implementation of legal documents on tourism in the Mekong Delta, the strong factor is that the competent agencies and civil servants have the draft of the implementation schedule, forms and methods of inspection and supervision are detailed and specific Eighth, an outstanding strength in the construction of tourism products in the Mekong Delta is a competent agency and organization Nine, the strong point in developing infrastructure, technical facilities of the tourism industry is highly appreciated In recent years, the Mekong Delta has improved the policies to support investment in non-state budget projects, and at the same time, elaborated guidelines and policies to invite and attract investment in tourism development projects Fifth, organize conferences promoting and promoting: publications, video clips, leaflets introducing local tourism programs, tourism cooperation and cooperation Make good use of the advantages of abundant natural resources, combine cultural quintessence, community history to create a culture of the Mekong Delta with many identities, Eastern characteristics, both discreet and moderate 3.3.2 Restrictions on state management of tourism in the Mekong Delta (1) Legal documents on tourism issued are overlapping, the presentation format is not in accordance with the regulations The 16 formulation and issuance of legal documents on tourism in localities have not ensured the initiative and not timely; (2) Most legal documents not clearly understand the need to issue them Announcement of promulgation is still limited in terms of announcement channel, affecting some organizations and individuals that have not yet been able to update; (3) Restrictions on technical equipment in the propagation of policies and legal documents promulgated; propaganda and advocacy staff is still limited Collaboration between competent agencies, policy implementation and enforcement of legal documents is not good; (4) Formulating strategies, plannings, plans and policies on conservation and promotion of historical and cultural relics; Infrastructure development policy is still weak Surveying and building new tourist routes is still limited; (5) Evaluation, licensing business service facilities for tourists is still inadequate Construction of new cultural works, conservation and embellishment of monuments associated with tourism has not been timely; (6) Mechanisms and policies to support small and medium-sized businesses providing tourism services are incomplete and inappropriate; (7) Promotion and organization of tourism activities in the region are not yet very professional, the competitiveness of tourism businesses is still weak; (8) Retraining and retraining training of human resources to meet the requirements and the percentage of labor 3.3.3 Causes of strengths and limitations in state management of tourism in the Mekong Delta 3.3.3.1 Cause of strong points (1) The initiative and positive efforts of the entire tourism industry, especially the dynamism and acumen of leaders and state management agencies in charge of tourism, are quickly integrated, gradually improving knowledge, professional skills of cadres training political quality to well fulfill the task of state management on tourism (2) The political determination of regional localities to gradually improve policies and action programs to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of state management of tourism in the management area (3) Provinces and cities are aware that regional integration plays an important role in tourism development and improving the effectiveness of state management in tourism (4) The diligence, creativity, coordination of tourism business enterprises, people of different strata of provinces and cities in state management of tourism in the Mekong Delta are better 3.3.3.2 The cause of the restriction Firstly, the legal documents on tourism issued are overlapping, the form of presentation is not in accordance with the regulations 17 Second, not paying adequate attention to proper investment in creating linkages and cooperation in tourism development, building a system to ensure tourism information Linking tourism development with Mekong Delta provinces and cities is still slow and inadequate Thirdly, the level of investment from the budget for tourism infrastructure, information technology application of the provinces and cities is low, the State budget for tourism activities has not met the requirements and the commune budget Assembly is limited Mechanisms and policies to support small and medium sized businesses in tourism and tourism services are incomplete and inappropriate Fourthly, human resources participating in tourism activities, serving the tourism development and tourism state management of the provinces and cities in the region have not yet met the tourism development Enterprises are not yet linked with eachother, each business is concerned about cooperation in training tourism human resources: The survey of training needs is very difficult each time requires a large scale new survey data is valid, and surveys like this require a lot of money Fifthly, inspection and examination activities of the formulation and promulgation of legal documents have not been drastic and limited when planning inspection There is no provision for penalties when issuing documents in the wrong process, so the inspection and examination of the formulation and promulgation of legal documents has not meaningful CHAPTER ORIENTATIONS AND SOLUTIONS FOR PERFECTING STATE MANAGEMENT OF TOURISM IN THE CUULONG RIVER DELTA 4.1 Orientation of state management on tourism in the Mekong Delta 4.1.1 Forecasting tourism development potential of Mekong Delta The Mekong Delta region is a promising promising area for travel businesses to make good use of the very typical product line of the gentle river area, friendly delta people, certain contributions to the number of tourists in the region foreign countries come to the Mekong Delta to experience unique tourism products with characteristics of each locality in the region and the region with good impressions Abundant, young and enthusiastic human resource attracts many good domestic and foreign tourism experts to come to the Mekong Delta to consult and plan the orientation for sustainable tourism development, especially the contingent of civil servants working State management on tourism 18 4.1.2 Orientation to perfect state management of tourism in the Mekong Delta In order to complete the state management of tourism in the Mekong Delta region in the coming period, it is: (1) Developing the State management policy on tourism in the Mekong Delta in line with the tourism development trend of Vietnam (2) Use the quality of specific tourism products and tourism brands as a determinant of the success of the tourism industry (3) Taking enterprises as the main force in the process of investment and tourism development (4) Tourism management organizations in the Mekong Delta region must have regional hierarchy and cohesion, taking that as the focus of state management of tourism (5) Sustainable tourism development, taking economic, cultural, social and environmental benefits as a common development goal 4.2 Group of solutions to perfect state management of tourism in the Mekong Delta 4.2.1 Solutions on formulating and promulgating policies on tourism development in the Mekong Delta 4.2.1.1 Formulating and promulgating policies and laws on tourism Firstly, continue researching and perfecting the system of legal documents on state management of tourism, because this is an important legal corridor for the state management of tourism to be carried out smoothly and consistently throughout the country country; is the main means of direct and profound impact on the effectiveness and efficiency of state management of tourism Secondly, review, adjust and formulate new tourist plans of localities and national tourist areas in accordance with the overall tourism development planning of the whole region Consolidate the tourism development management system in localities and implement a thorough and uniform management decentralization Thirdly, the Mekong Delta has many resources, unique cultural and human values that can be exploited for tourism development without duplication Raise awareness of the society about the importance of tourism development Innovating ways of interacting with tourist products with the achievements of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (Technology 4.0) Fourthly, ensure security and defense Fifthly, branding, media promotion, promotion attract tourists and investors 4.2.1.2 Completing policies to support tourism development businesses 19 The system of policies for tourism businesses and industries, tourism business sectors has the effect of promoting businesses to perform the tourism function to develop production and business in the fields and industries according to strategic objectives of the State 4.2.2 Solutions to strengthen organizational structure and human resources for tourism development in the Mekong Delta 4.2.2.1 Strengthen the organization of the state management system on tourism Reorganize and restructure the state management apparatus of tourism, ensuring a streamlined apparatus, capable of managing and handling well arising issues, focusing on tourism management in the direction of macro 4.2.2.2 Developing tourism human resources People are the determining factor of all success In order for the Mekong Delta tourism industry to develop quickly and sustainably, there must be a breakthrough policy and a synchronous solution to develop tourism human resources such as training, retraining and studying in Vietnam foreign countries for civil servants, officials and tourism people Only when people are well-trained, knowledgeable about policies, appropriate business strategies, professional, civilized, friendly, affectionate service style will make a solid foundation for tourism development Sustainable calendar Human resources for tourism is a decisive factor to the quality of tourism products and the development of tourism The State needs to strengthen the management and development of tourism human resources in the Mekong Delta 4.2.3 Solutions to investing in upgrading infrastructure, building specific tourist products and linking tourism areas in the Mekong Delta Concentrate all resources to implement well the breakthrough stages in tourism development strategy: Invest in upgrading infrastructure, build specific tourism products to attract tourism, strengthen regional links to promote Mekong Delta tourism has developed sustainably This is a key solution to directly address bottlenecks, hindering the development of the tourism industry To implement this solution requires synchronous implementation of many specific measures, all levels and sectors of the state management apparatus of tourism to participate 4.2.3.1 Development of infrastructure for tourism Solutions to develop tourism infrastructure, high quality accommodation facilities and improve the quality of tourism services are also a solution that managers need to care about 4.2.3.2 Building specific tourist products to attract tourism development 20 Paying attention to the process of exploiting and developing specific tourist products in the Mekong Delta, so it is necessary to have comprehensive studies on the specific values of resources of each region; morphologically, the structure of the elements that make up those values and their changing tendencies against the effects of time and people 4.2.3.3 Promote cooperation and link tourism development The regional tourism industry needs to coordinate and develop the “National Program on tourism development in association with new rural areas” In addition, it is necessary to promote links and mobilize social resources to participate in tourism promotion Strengthening the coordination among levels and sectors In particular, the coordination between newspaper agencies, radio and specialized magazines at the central as well as the local level to increase the frequency of promotion and introduction of Mekong Delta tourism on the media 4.3 Detailed solutions to overcome the shortcomings and limitations in state management of tourism in the Mekong Delta Firstly, to review legal documents on tourism, to avoid overlapping promulgation and improper presentation forms; The formulation and promulgation of legal documents on tourism of localities in the region need to be proactive and timely Secondly, it is necessary to collect opinions of related organizations and individuals who are directly affected by the legal documents on tourism Prior to promulgation, it is necessary to consult many people, especially leading experts on tourism management Avoid the situation of only collecting a small number of target groups Thirdly, the agency responsible for collecting opinions strictly implements the process of collecting opinions as prescribed, thoroughly overcoming the formalism in the organization of collecting opinions; The synthesis, evaluation and reflection must be objective and fully evolutions from real life, which are very important for the document drafting agency, not only help the development of regulations appropriate to the actual conditions of the commune Association, appropriate to the thoughts and aspirations of the people directly affected, putting people in their right position in the process of law-making, this is also a form of active propaganda for the people to reach first with laws, ordinances and when issued will be highly feasible Promote the role of the Delegations and National Assembly deputies of provinces and cities to gain greater access to the People through voting of voters, this is provided for in Article 21 of the Joint Resolution No 525 of the Standing Committee of the National Assembly, of the Presidium of the Central Committee of the Vietnam Fatherland Front on the contact with voters of the National 21 Assembly deputies on the content of contact with voters is based on the purpose and requirements of the voter meeting, the National Assembly deputies select the content of the report and discuss with the voters Fourthly, overcome limitations on the publication of newly promulgated legal documents, which are limited on the publication channel, mainly published on the web portal of the provincial People's Committee, affecting a number of organizations and individuals have not yet been able to update and access newly issued documents: focusing on provincial administrative documents on a focal point of a database lookup center for legal documents travel laws so that stakeholders can look it up at any time Fifthly, overcoming restrictions on technical equipment in policy propaganda activities; propaganda and advocacy staff is still limited in terms of professional qualifications; The dissemination and propagation of policies and legislative documents are carried out in certain forms and are not diverse in forms of propaganda Sixthly, overcoming restrictions on coordination between competent agencies and implementing policies, enforcement of legal documents issued are still limited, not yet showing initiative; strengthen coordination in inspection with localities to promptly detect illegal documents; create conditions for localities to have less difficulty in implementing legal documents on tourism Seventh, overcoming restrictions on the formulation of conservation strategies, plannings, plans and policies, promoting historical-cultural relics, constructing new cultural works, preserving, embellished relics associated with untimely tourism Eighth, overcome limitations on infrastructure development policies for tourism On the spearhead of infrastructure development investment, to continue investing in and upgrading important infrastructures and means of transport: aviation, waterways, roads, railways, transportation routes between tourism works; focus on investing in infrastructure for sea tourism 4.4 Proposals and recommendations 4.4.1 Congress The National Assembly should continue to study and renovate the lawmaking work, the Law on Tourism must stipulate strict, scientific, highly feasible, suitable to the People's wishes, and require development according to the general trend of world and Vietnam with a long and comprehensive vision 4.4.2 Goverment 22 The Government needs to quickly implement overall solutions to restructure the tourism industry, especially the restructuring of the state management of tourism in order to improve the efficiency and competitiveness of the tourism industry, promoting sustainable growth firm Continuing to focus on improving the investment and business environment, paying special attention to reforming administrative procedures 4.4.3 Vietnam National Administration of Tourism Firstly, strengthening regional market research, applying advanced science and technology achievements to tourism management Second, training human resources for state management on high-class and quality tourism, issuing specific regulations on the quality of tourism services to protect tourists as tourists 4.4.4 Provinces of the Mekong Delta It is necessary to direct the concerned departments and agencies to support and create favorable conditions both physically and mentally for local tourism to develop sustainably Collaborate with other localities in the region to create a common brand for the Mekong Delta region to compete strongly with other regions To coordinate with specialized ministries and branches in early mastering the detailed planning of tourism development investment projects in a way with a long-term and highly professional development orientation Train and recruit a strong contingent of civil servants in management and professional ethics CONCLUSION In this thesis, the author has oriented the views and solutions to perfect the state management mechanism for tourism in the Mekong Delta The research results are crystallized of the overall research process on issues related to the topic, from research on the theoretical basis and the status of state management activities on tourism in the Mekong Delta The thesis clarifies the theoretical basis of state management on tourism By qualitative research, the thesis has given a scale and criteria for the objectives of state management in tourism, using this set of target criteria to evaluate the effectiveness of state management on tourism At the same time, the thesis has assessed the current state management of tourism in the Mekong Delta through qualitative research to build conceptual scales and quantitative research to get survey data with 268 observations survey With analytical methods such as Cronbach's Alpha, the discovery factor analysis has contributed to confirming the correctness, suitability, and consolidation of the scientific content of the thesis 23 Completing the state management on tourism in Vietnam in general and the Mekong Delta in particular must be done on the basis of the identified views Following the views of perfecting the state management of tourism in Vietnam in general and the Mekong Delta in particular, the contents of the proposed solution include two main groups: (1) The large group of solutions requires synchronization coordination of many parties; (2) The solution group must be specific and specific to each remaining weakness in the state management of tourism in the Mekong Delta In order to implement these solutions, it is necessary to have the overall coordination of competent agencies and organizations, synchronously implementing solutions in each locality so that the state management of tourism can be improved in the Mekong Delta and help Tourism development of the region is growing stronger and more sustainable 24 WORKS BY AUTHOR N o The name of construction Linking regions to develop sustainable tourism in the Mekong Delta Mekong Delta Tourism: Potential and development direction Tourism in the Mekong Delta: Potential and development solutions State management of spiritual tourism in the Mekong Delta Tourism development in the Mekong Delta towards regional links The State Management Effectiveness of Tourism in the Mekong Delta Category Year of publication Scientific article 11/2015 Scientific article Scientific article Place of publication Journal of State Administration (No 238, Page 92) 01/2017 Review Journal (No 1/2017, Page 86) 06/2017 Journal of Industry and Trade (No 7, Page 100) Scientific article 01/2018 Scientific article 02/2019 International scientific report (Attached Certificate) 11/2019 Journal of State Management (No 264, Page 89) Journal of State Management (No 277, Page 72) Proceedings of international workshop 2019 on trade and sciencetechnology development in the mekong delta in the context of international integration (Page 204) ... conditions 5.2 Research methodologies 5.2.1 Deductive- inductive method During the implementation of the thesis research, the author applied the deductive - inductive method 5.2.2 Qualitative method... 4.2.3.2 Building specific tourist products to attract tourism development 20 Paying attention to the process of exploiting and developing specific tourist products in the Mekong Delta, so it is... Sokxay Soutthaveth (2015), recommends that the State of Thailand pay attention to sustainable tourism management, using inherent assets with the least impact on the environment and the long- term