hinge tutorial kho tài liệu bách khoa

HINGE Prepared by: Harry Hawkins This tutorial will direct you through creating a simple hinge You will make two sides of the hinge and a hinge pin and finally you will assemble the hinge You will use a number of Pro/D drawing tools including lines, circles, arcs and others You will also utilize features such as extrude, extrude profile and insert holes It will be necessary to construct lines and constrain them to accurate dimensions as well as delete line segments and use construction lines In order to successfully execute this tutorial, you should already have some experience and skill using basic Pro/D design construction techniques for creating a solid Left Hinge Section Follow the directions in order: Open Pro/D and create a new design file Edit the browser and change the initial sketch to Hinge Profile Press Shift +W to see the workplane in orthographic Your screen should look like figure Figure Pro/D new design with Hinge Profile sketch Figure shows the dimensions needed to construct the left section of the hinge You will need to refer to this drawing occasionally to obtain dimensions Also complete drawings are located at the end of this tutorial and may be used for accurate dimensions 1.583 0.516 0.575 0.317 0.810 0.346 3.495 0.725 1.748 0.670 0.063 0.810 0.575 0.317 0.670 0.435 Left Section Figure Dimensions for Left Section of Hinge Figure is an end view of the hinge profile This will be the profile shape you will need to construct first Pay close attention to the details You will use many of the same profile dimensions from figure for both hinge sides Ø0.438 1.583 R0.206 7° Ø0.438 R0.206 Ø0.246 0.089 0.089 R0.181 Enlarged Detail R0.181 Figure Profile dimension details © Harry Hawkins 2005 Page Ø0.246 Use the circle tool to place a 0.438” diameter circle on the drawing field Using the same center, place a 0.246” diameter circle in the drawing field You should have two concentric circles such as shown in figure Figure Concentric Circles In the following steps you will construct temporary lines in order to locate the starting point for a rectangle that will be part of the profile Remember to press the shift key while dragging a line to constrain it to horizontal or vertical placement Start at the axis center and draw a line (#1) downward beyond the intersection of the inner circle From this intersection, draw a line to the left (#2) beyond an intersection with the outer circle Select each line and make it a construction line Use the delete line segment tool to remove the over run so that your image looks like figure © Harry Hawkins 2005 Page #1 #2 Figure Temporary construction for start of rectangle Using the Line tool, create a 1.583” line from the left end of the last construction line (outer circle) to the left Create a 0.089” line vertical from the end of the last line Lastly, draw a line from the end of the last line to the right past an intersection with the inner circle of the barrel such as shown in figure Figure Dimensions for the profile rectangle Zoom in on the intersection of the rectangle and circles Place a line, left to right across the two circles slightly above the intersection By drawing left to right you will see the angle in the running distance box Place the line when you read degrees and the line overlaps both circle edges The excess will be deleted Figure shows this detail © Harry Hawkins 2005 Page Figure Adding a line at 7° Use the Line Segment Removal tool to remove segments of the circles between the degree line and the last horizontal line At the red arrows in figure Also remove other unwanted line segments as shown in figure The profile should turn color indicating that it is a closed loop Delete the construction lines A B Figure Completed profile 10 Zoom in on the view as in figure Select the arc or fillet tool (T) When you pass over the intersection at A (in figure 8) the cursor will change to a fillet Slowly drag a © Harry Hawkins 2005 Page round downward Do the same for the intersection at B Dimension each and edit the constraints to A = R0.206” and B= R0.181” as in figure Figure Using Arc/Fillet to complete the barrel intersection 11 Figure 10 shows the completed profile Dimensions have been removed for clarity Figure 10 Completed profile ready for extrusion 12 We will extrude this profile for a distance of 3.495” First, press the mouse wheel and drag the image so that it is in a 3D view This will help you visualize the trial © Harry Hawkins 2005 Page view that will be presented since it will be in a 3D mode It should resemble figure 11 Figure 11 Profile ready to be extruded 13 Select the Extrude Profile button Edit the windows to show values exactly as those shown in figure 12 Notice that material is to be added below the workplane Once you select the distance, a 3D image in yellow will appear showing what the finished extrusion will look like Press the OK button to execute the extrusion Figure 12 Extrude Profile dialog box completed with trial version of extrusion in the background © Harry Hawkins 2005 Page 14 The resulting extruded profile should now look like figure 13 Use the mouse wheel to rotate it and view it from various angles Your color may be different since Pro/D assigns colors on a random basis Figure 13 Completed Extrusion of the Left Section of the Hinge rotated for this view 15 We will now need to remove material from this extrusion in order to create the “fingers” of the hinge, in this case two fingers First you will need to create a new sketch 17 Use the Face Selection tool to select the face of the part as shown in figure 14 The face will turn red Right click to see the drop down menu and select New Sketch The New Sketch window will open Edit the boxes to name the sketch Fingers and create in a new workplane named Fingers as shown in figure 14 Press OK to create the new sketch © Harry Hawkins 2005 Page Figure 14 Creating a New Sketch to create “Fingers” 18 Press the View Orthographic Icon to view the new sketch surface in orthographic It should look like figure 15 Figure 15 New Sketch “Fingers” ready for drawing © Harry Hawkins 2005 Page 19 Zoom in on the upper left part of the “barrel” Draw a line from the right edge of the barrel a distance of 0.063” to the right Make this a construction line This should look like figure 16 You will need to constrain and edit this dimension for accuracy Figure 16 First line of profile for creating a finger 20 Starting at the right end of this line, construct a rectangle such as shown in figure 17 Use the dimensions (0.55” wide x 0.575” high) The rectangle must cover the barrel geometry since it will be used to remove material from the barrel The rectangle should fill with color since it is now a closed loop or profile Figure 17 Rectangular Profile that will be used to remove material © Harry Hawkins 2005 Page 10 Figure 55 Creating a new sketch for the holes 60 Press the View Orthographic icon to display the new sketch plane Start from the lower left corner and locate the first 0.275” hole circle as shown in figure 56 Use dimensions given in figure 44 Delete the construction lines after the circle has been drawn Figure 56 Locating the first hole © Harry Hawkins 2005 Page 32 61 Using lines, locate and place 0.275” diameter holes at the middle and upper locations according to the dimensions given in figure 44 The image should look like figure 57 The dimensions have been removed for clarity Figure 57 Holes properly located as valid profiles 62 Select the Insert Holes icon and configure the resultant dialog box according to figure 58 Figure 58 Correct settings for the three countersunk holes 63 The holes will be inserted as shown in figure 59 This completes the construction of the right hinge section Navigate around the part to view it from several perspectives Save this design as Right Hinge Section © Harry Hawkins 2005 Page 33 Figure 59 Completed Right Hinge Section © Harry Hawkins 2005 Page 34 ASSEMBLY 64 The last step is to assemble the parts we have created into a full hinge First create a new design and save it as Hinge Assembly From the Assembly drop down menu, choose Add Component as shown in figure 60 Figure 60 Adding first component to assembly 65 Select the Hinge Pin from the list It will be placed in the drawing field In a similar fashion, repeat this command to insert the Right Hinge Section and the Left Hinge Section Your drawing may look like figure 61 The parts may be oriented differently but that is due to the position they were in when saved We will move the parts around and connect them together Figure 61 All the parts inserted for the assembly © Harry Hawkins 2005 Page 35 66 Use the Parts selection tool to select the Hinge Pin It will turn red From the drop down menu select Fix Component as shown in figure 62 This will fix the hinge pin so it will remain stationary and allow the hinge sections to rotate This is known as kinematic action Figure 62 Fixing the movement of the hinge pin 66 You can use the Parts selection tool to select an entire part and then move it around You may also want to click the transparent viewing view mode better see all the lines Use the Face selection tool to to select the two inside circular faces, one on each barrel side that should touch or mate each other In this © Harry Hawkins 2005 Page 36 case it is the inside surfaces of the barrel that touch the hinge pin Use the shift key to select more than one face Figure 63 shows the selected faces in red Right click to display the drop down menu and select Center Axis You will see how this constraint will allow for kinematic movement later Figure 63 Inside Faces selected prior to centering axis 67 Use the Face tool to select two outside faces that need to be in alignment Figure 64 shows the two selected in red Figure 64 Faces selected and aligned © Harry Hawkins 2005 Page 37 68 With the two faces selected as in figure 64, right click and from the drop down menu, select Align The two parts should now align along the two faces selected 69 We will now insert the pin into the hinge – or rather the hinge sections to the pin since the pin is stationary Navigate the screen so that you can see the pin end such as in figure 65 You may need to move the pin so it is in a position where you can see both the pin end and one end of the barrel Figure 65 Orientation of view to show barrel and pin end 70 Use the edge tool to select the inside circular ring of the barrel and the outside circular ring of the end of the pin Figure 66 shows this selection in red Use the shift key to select more than one edge Figure 66 Edges selected for Axis alignment © Harry Hawkins 2005 Page 38 71 With the edges selected, right click and select Center axes The sections will move and center on the inside hole in the barrel such as in figure 67 It may not be inserted into the barrel all the way but the next step will take care of that Figure 647 Pin axis now aligned with barrel 72 Use the Select surfaces tool to select the top surface of the finger hinge section and the underside surface of the pin head These are shown in figure 68 (arrows) The view is rotated, moved and transparent to see the parts better Figure 68 Faces selected for alignment © Harry Hawkins 2005 Page 39 73 Right click to display the drop down menu and then click Mate The two surfaces will align as shown in figure 69 Figure 69 All parts correctly aligned 74 Rotate the hinge to look at it from different angles You can select one hinge section using the Select Parts icon When you pass over the part, the cursor will turn into a two isometric block cursor that means you can move the object If you this at the upper corner of the hinge section, you can rotate the hinge section about the pin You can select the other hinge section and the same Figure 70 is an example of the hinge after sections have been rotated Figure 70 Hinge sections moved The left section in red is selected © Harry Hawkins 2005 Page 40 75 Congratulations, you have completed the hinge project Although this is a simple device, producing a three dimensional model of it is a good exercise in the application of Pro/D software You may want to navigate around the finished hinge and finally save it To create an Album of this design, proceed to the next steps © Harry Hawkins 2005 Page 41 ALBUM 76 Open a new Photo Album from the File drop down menu A new screen will appear Click on the Image menu selection and click on New Image A box will open with the design you are working on If you have saved your drawing and are just starting Pro/D, you will need to navigate to and open the hinge design previously completed Figure 71 shows the dialog box you should see if your hinge design is open Click OK to insert your design Figure 71 Choosing the Hinge Assembly design for the album 77 You can use the zoom tool to enlarge the image or the mouse wheel to rotate it You will notice the icon at the top of the screen When it is green, it means you have made a change in the drawing such as changing the view or perhaps adding or changing material and the effect of the change will not be shown until you click on this icon 78 We will now change the material from which the hinge is made We will make the left and right sides brass and the hinge pin nickel Notice a window in the upper left of the screen in the browser section Select Materials from this window as shown in figure 72 Figure 72 Selecting Materials from the browser © Harry Hawkins 2005 Page 42 79 When you select Materials, another list will appear providing more selections Click on the + sign next to the Metal selection Another longer list of materials will be shown Click on the bag to the left of Polished Brass and hold the left button down while moving over to the hinge design Notice that the cursor will turn into a Jar with paint spilling out When you pass over an element in the drawing, the element will be highlighted While it is highlighted, release the mouse button to spill the material into the part You will need to click on the green up-date icon to see the change Figure 73 shows the hinge with the left section made from Polished Brass, the right section is of Antique Brass and the hinge pin is of Nickel Figure 73 Material added to the album design 80 Try different materials in both the metals and non-metals Figure 74 is an example of the hinge parts being set to various special materials When the part is selected, right click to play with the “Set Material Properties” function To set the clouds as background, click the Image drop down menu, then Image Properties You can change the background and foreground You can also change the resolution you wish to use You can save this album under the File menu The Export selection will allow you to save it in various popular standards such as JPEG and TIFF and you can even select it as wallpaper Experiment and have fun © Harry Hawkins 2005 Page 43 Figure 74 Some experimental materials and colors © Harry Hawkins 2005 Page 44 Orthographic Drawings 1.583 0.516 0.575 0.317 0.810 0.346 3.495 0.725 1.748 0.670 0.063 0.810 0.575 0.317 0.670 0.435 Left Section © Harry Hawkins 2005 Page 45 Ø0.438 1.583 R0.206 7° Ø0.438 R0.206 Ø0.246 0.089 0.089 © Harry Hawkins 2005 R0.181 Enlarged Detail R0.181 Page 46 Ø0.246